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Turkish Vowel Rules
Turkish Vowel Rules
Turkish Vowel Rules
Besides the vowel harmony rules, there are other basic rules that affect the way suffixes are used. A vowel
following another is never allowed in Turkish, and there are rules to avoid these situations when they occur as
a result of other rules. There are also rules about consonant harmony, that make some consonants change in
certain cases.
First, change the suffix e according to vowel harmony rules according to araba and it becomes a.
Now, add this suffix a at the end of our word araba, and get arabaa.
We have two vowels together. Drop one? Unfortunately, not this time.
In this case we need to add a buffer consonant between the two vowels. There is not a simple rule to tell why.
Sometimes one of the two vowels is dropped, sometimes one buffer consonant is added in between.
However, what you do is consistent for a given suffix. If you are adding the suffix e to a word that ends with a
vowel (like araba), you always add the fusion consonant y in between. Saying to the car then
becomes arabaya.
Too much effort spent to say a very simple word? More to come. Let´s practice on a few other words:
Coast > Kıyı | To the coast > Kıyıe > Kıyıya
Room > Oda | To the room > Odae > Odaya
Ship > Gemi | To the ship > Gemie > Gemiye
This may take some time to get used to, definitely doable. Unfortunately, that´s not everything. The buffer
consonant is not y every time. y is the most common one, so you can put y whenever you don´t remember
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29.11.2016 Turkish Vowel Rules
which one to put, chances are high you´ll be right. The other consonants that are sometimes used as fusion
consonants are s and n.
Let´s see different cases where these fusion consonants are used:
a. The suffix i
If the suffix i is used as the i form of a noun, making it a direct object (like the in English), then the fusion
consonant y is used.
arabai sat > arabayı sat > arabayı sat (sell the car)
yazıi oku > yazıyı oku > yazıyı oku (read the text)
If the suffix i is used as the third person posessive (hisherits), then the fusion consonant sis used.
When the direction suffix e is added to a word that ends with a vowel, the fusion consonant y is added in
between.
When the suffix in is added to a word that ends with a vowel, the fusion consonant n is added in between.
arabain > arabanın > arabanın (of the car, the car´s)
konuin > konunun > konunun (of the topic)
pencerein > pencerenin > pencerenin (of the window)
* Note that the suffix in is also used with the second person posessive meaning.
If the suffix in used as second person possessive is added to a word that ends with a vowel, than the letter i of
the suffix is dropped. The same is true for the first person possessive suffix, im, first person plural possessive
suffix, imiz and second person plural possessive suffix, iniz.
arabaim > arabam > arabam (my car)
kediin > kedin > kedin (your cat)
kapıimiz > kapımız > kapımız (our door)
parainiz > paranız > paranız (your (plural) money)
pencereim > pencerem > pencerem (my window)
There are also other uses of fusion consonants besides separating two vowels.
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When the suffix le is added to a word that ends with a vowel, the fusion consonant y is added in between.
arabale git > arabayla git > arabayla git (go by car)
kedile oyna > kediyle oyna > kediyle oyna (play with the cat)
gemile gel > gemiyle gel > gemiyle gel (come by ship)
e. The suffix de (location, like propositions at, in, on) and the suffix den (proposition from)
When the suffix de or den is added to a word as the first suffix, no fusion consonant is used. But when one
of de or den/ is added to a word that already has a suffix or a series of suffixes that end with a vowel, the
fusion consonant n is added in between.
arabade > arabada > arabada (in the car)
kediden > kediden (from the cat)
arabaside > arabasında > arabasında (in hisherits car)
kediinkiden > kedininkinden > kedininkinden (from the cat´s)
gemileriden > gemilerinden > gemilerinden (from their ship)
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