Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DP1 BioHL - Topic 7 - Revision Worksheet
DP1 BioHL - Topic 7 - Revision Worksheet
DP1 BioHL - Topic 7 - Revision Worksheet
[Source: Rohrmann, G., 2019. AcMNPV DNA replication. [diagram online] Available
at:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK543453/figure/ch05.F1/ [Accessed 26
October 2021].]
9. The diagram shows the structure of E. coli ribonuclease HI, a bacterial [1 mark]
protein consisting of one polypeptide chain.
[Source: RCSB PDB. 1JL1 D10A E. coli ribonuclease HI. PDB DOI:
10.2210/pdb1JL1/pdb Mol* (Goedken, E.R., Marqusee, S. Native-state energetics of
a thermostabilized variant of ribonuclease HI. (2001) J Mol Biol 314:
863–871 DOI:10.1006/jmbi.2001.5184) [image online] Available at:
https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1jl1
[Accessed 25 November 2019]. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons
CC0 1.0 Universal (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).]
Which previously unknown aspect of DNA was deduced from these images?
A. Chromosomes are made of DNA.
B. Deoxyribose sugar is attached to a phosphate group.
C. The base A pairs with T and C with G.
D. The DNA molecule is a double helix.
11. What is the difference between the DNA of adult identical (monozygotic) [1 mark]
twins?
A. Order of genes
B. Sequence of nucleotides
C. Methylation pattern
D. Ratio of complementary base pairs
12. What is the primary function of the free ribosomes shown in the electron [1 mark]
micrograph?
[Source: J Gordon Betts, et al. Anatomy and Physiology. Houston Texas: OpenStax,
2013. https://openstax.org/books/
anatomy-and-physiology/pages/3-2-the-cytoplasm-and-cellular-organelles. Image
file available at https://commons.
wikimedia.org/wiki/File:0313_Endoplasmic_Reticulum.jpg#/media/File:0313_Endoplasmic_R
png. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
license. https://creativecommons.org/
licenses/by/3.0/deed.en.]
13. Which regions of DNA code for the production of specific proteins? [1 mark]
A. Telomeres
B. Genes for ribosomal RNA
C. Exons
D. Regulators of gene expression
18. The number of protein-coding genes in the human genome is estimated [1 mark]
to be about 20 000, which is much less than the size of the proteome.
What is one reason for this?
A. Exons are removed from RNA before translation.
B. There are more types of amino acids than nucleotides.
C. mRNA can be spliced after transcription.
D. Base substitutions occur during transcription.
19. Which are two proteins that assist in the unwinding and separation of [1 mark]
DNA strands during replication?
A. Helicase and DNA polymerase III
B. DNA gyrase and DNA polymerase I
C. Helicase and DNA primase
D. Single-strand binding protein and DNA gyrase
[Source: iStock.com/ttsz]
24. What contribution did the X-ray diffraction conducted by Rosalind Franklin [1 mark]
make to our understanding of DNA?
A. It identified DNA as the genetic material.
B. It indicated the helical shape of the molecule.
C. It showed that the DNA of eukaryotes was associated with histone proteins.
D. It showed that replication was a semi-conservative process.
25. The diagram shows the arrangement of introns and exons in a segment of [1 mark]
pre-mRNA. Pre-mRNA is immature mRNA containing introns and exons.
The sulphur in the protein and the phosphorus in the DNA of the bacteriophage
were radioactively labelled. The data obtained after bacterial infection and
centrifugation are shown in the table.
28. What are the functions of DNA primase and DNA polymerase I in DNA [1 mark]
replication?
29. A nucleotide containing dideoxyribose is shown. [1 mark]
34. Gene expression in cells is regulated at various stages. During which [1 mark]
stage does splicing of RNA occur?
A. During replication
B. During transcription
C. Post transcription
D. Translation
35. How can environmental factors affect the expression of genes? [1 mark]
A. By promoting the replication of nucleosomes
B. By inactivating epinephrine
C. By making specific changes to the base sequence of genes
D. By causing the pattern of DNA methylation to be changed
36. In which image are polysomes visible? (The images do not have the same [1 mark]
magnification)
37. Some regions of DNA do not code for the production of proteins. What are [1 mark]
these regions of DNA used as?
A. They have no known function and are recycled to provide nucleotides
B. Gene regulation and coding for production of enzymes used in translation
C. Telomeres and coding for production of tRNA
D. Introns and coding for production of structural proteins
38. Which letter (A–D) indicates where a new nucleotide would attach? [1 mark]
41. Which types of interactions are found in a part of a protein with secondary[1 mark]
but not tertiary structure?
I. Hydrogen bonds
II. Disulphide bridges
III. Ionic bonds
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
42. This image is taken from a visualization of a eukaryotic ribosome. The [1 mark]
arrows show the direction of movement of mRNA. Which letter represents
a tRNA exiting from the E site?
45. Where does a tRNA-activating enzyme attach the appropriate amino acid [1 mark]
to the tRNA molecule?
46. What does post-transcriptional modification of eukaryotic mRNA include? [1 mark]
I. Introns are removed from mRNA.
II. Exons are joined together to form mature mRNA.
III. A 5' cap and 3' poly-A tail are added to mRNA.
A. I only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
47. Variations in the types of antibodies are produced by mRNA splicing. [1 mark]
What is an advantage of this process?
A. Reduces the size of mRNA required for the translation of antibodies
B. Increases the number of different antibodies that can be synthesized
C. Ensures that one gene codes for one antibody
D. Speeds up transcription of antibodies
[Source: Weissman Lab at UCSF. UCSF Team Views Genome as it Turns On and Off
Inside Cells. [diagram online]
Available at https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2011/01/98118/ucsf-team-views-genome-
it-turns-and-inside-cells
[Accessed 1 December 2022].]
48e. Explain the role of lactose in the expression of the gene for lactase [3 marks]
production.
48f. State one reason that identical twins may show different methylation [1 mark]
patterns as they grow older.
DNA forms chromosomes, but much of eukaryote DNA is non-coding.
[Source: Pixabay.]
49b. Explain how the two strands of the DNA double helix are held together. [2 marks]
49c. There are multiple tandem repeats of nucleotide segments of DNA [3 marks]
found in the non-coding DNA between genes. Outline how tandem
repeats are used for DNA profiling.
People can be analysed genetically for risks of specific diseases before they
actually develop. One of these is type I diabetes.
49d. Explain what happens in a person when they develop type I diabetes. [2 marks]
49e. State how type I diabetes should be treated to avoid harmful health [1 mark]
consequences of the condition.
50a. The figure shows a tripeptide. [1 mark]
50c. Outline the action taken by the diaphragm during inhalation. [1 mark]
51a. Identify the stage of mitosis labelled X in the image, giving a reason. [1 mark]
51b. Outline what is indicated by the mitotic index of tissue taken from a [2 marks]
tumour.
51c. DNA has regions that do not code for proteins. State two functions of [2 marks]
these regions.
1.
2.
DNA methylation has a critical role in gene regulation by affecting transcription.
Samples were taken from two colon cancer tumours (T1 and T2) and two normal
colon samples (N1 and N2). A particular gene was implicated as a possible cause
of cancer. The promoter of this gene was cloned (A–J). The data show the DNA
methylation patterns from these samples. The numbers (32–269) represent
different markers in the promoter.
[Source: Philipp Schatz, Dimo Dietrich & Matthias Schuster. Rapid analysis of CpG
methylation patterns using RNase T1
cleavage and MALDI-TOF. Nucleic Acids Research (2004) 32 (21): e167,
doi:10.1093/nar/gnh165.
Reproduced by permission of Oxford University Press]
51d. Outline the difference in methylation pattern between tumorous and [2 marks]
normal tissue samples.
51e. Suggest a way methylation may affect tumour cell genes. [1 mark]
52c. Identify two hydrolysis reactions that occur in the small intestine. [2 marks]
53a. State one similarity and one difference between the structure of genes [2 marks]
and short tandem repeats.
53b. Outline the role of short tandem repeats in DNA profiling. [2 marks]
54a. Sickle cell anemia is due to a single base substitution in DNA. Using the [2 marks]
diagram, outline how this translates into the production of an abnormal
hemoglobin molecule by completing the spaces labelled I, II and III.
54b. DNA codes for the amino acid sequence of polypeptides. List two other [2 marks]
functions of DNA.
54c. Distinguish between the purpose of free and bound ribosomes. [1 mark]
55b. Outline how Hershey and Chase’s experiment provided evidence for [3 marks]
DNA as the genetic material.
55c. State one function for a region of DNA that does not code for proteins. [1 mark]