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CHAPTER 3
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES

EXERCISE 3.1

1. Let the number of boys be 𝑥

Let the number of girls be 𝑦

A/Q
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
𝑥 = 10 − 𝑦

Putting 𝑦 𝑎𝑠 0, 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 10
x 10 5 0

y 0 5 10

number of girls (𝑦) = 𝑥 + 4

Putting 𝑥 𝑎𝑠 − 4, 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4

x -4 0 4

y 0 4 8

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ii)
Let the cost of one pencil be 𝑥
Let the cost of one pen be 𝑦
A/Q
5𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 50
5𝑥 = 50 − 7𝑦
7
𝑥 = 10 − 5
𝑦

Putting value of 𝑦 𝑎𝑠 5, 10 𝑎𝑛𝑑 15

x 3 -4 -11

y 5 10 15

7𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 46
5𝑦 = 46 − 7𝑥
46−7𝑥
𝑦= 5

Putting value of 𝑥 𝑎𝑠 0, 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2

x 0 4 2

y 9.2 6.4 3.6

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2. i)
a1 = 5
a2 = 7
b1 = – 4
b2 = 6
c1 = 8
c2 = – 9

𝑎1 5 𝑏1 −4 𝑐1 8
Hence, 𝑎2
= 7
, 𝑏2
= 6
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐2
= −9

𝑎1 𝑏1
As. 𝑎2
≠ 𝑏2
both lines intersect at one point.

ii)
a1 = 9
a2 = 18
b1 = 3
b2 = 6
c1 = 12
c2 = 24

𝑎1 9 1 𝑏1 3 1 𝑐1 12 1
Hence, 𝑎2
= 18
= 2
, 𝑏2
= 6
= 2
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐2
= 24
= 2

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
As 𝑎2
= 𝑏2
= 𝑐2
both lines are coincident.

iii)
a1 = 6
a2 = 2
b1 = –3
b2 = –1
c1 = 10
c2 = 9

𝑎1 6 𝑏1 −3 𝑐1 10
Hence, 𝑎2
= 2
= 3, 𝑏2
= −1
= 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐2
= 9

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
As 𝑎2
= 𝑏2
≠ 𝑐2
both lines are parallel.

3. i)

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 𝑎1 3 𝑏1 2 𝑐1 −5 5
𝑎2
= 2
, 𝑏2
= −3
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐2
= −7
= 7
𝑎1 𝑏1
𝑎2
≠ 𝑏2
, these linear equation has one and only one solution. Hence, pair of linear
equation is consistent.

ii)
𝑎1 2 1 𝑏1 −3 1 𝑐1 8
𝑎2
= 4
= 2
, 𝑏2
= −6
= 2
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐2
= 9
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
𝑎2
= 𝑏2
≠ 𝑐2
, these linear equation has one and only one solution. Hence, pair of
linear equation is consistent.

iii)
3 5
𝑎1 2 3 1 𝑏1 3 5 1 𝑐1 7 −1
𝑎2
= 9
= 18
= 6
, 𝑏2
= −10
= −30
=− 6
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐2
= 14
= 2
𝑎1 𝑏1
𝑎2
≠ 𝑏2
, these linear equation has one and only one solution. Hence, pair of linear
equation is consistent.

iv)
𝑎1 5 1 𝑏1 −3 1 𝑐1 −11 1
𝑎2
= −10
=− 2
, 𝑏2
= +6
=− 2
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐2
= 22
=− 2
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
𝑎2
= 𝑏2
= 𝑐2
, these linear equation has infinitely many solutions. Hence, pair of
linear equation is consistent.

v)
𝑎1 4 2 𝑏1 2 𝑐1 8 2
𝑎2
= 6
= 3
, 𝑏2
= 3
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐2
= 12
= 3
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
𝑎2
= 𝑏2
= 𝑐2
, these linear equation has infinitely many solutions. Hence, pair of
linear equation is consistent.

4. i)
𝑎1 1 𝑏1 1 𝑐1 5 1
𝑎2
= 2
, 𝑏2
= 2
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐2
= 10
= 2
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
𝑎2
= 𝑏2
= 𝑐2
, these linear equation has infinitely many solutions. Hence, pair of
linear equation is consistent.

𝑥+𝑦=5
𝑥=5−𝑦
Putting 𝑦 = 1, 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3

x 4 3 2

y 1 2 3

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And, 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10
10−2𝑦
𝑥= 2

Putting 𝑦 = 1, 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3

x 4 3 2

y 1 2 3

𝑎1 1 𝑏1 −1 1 𝑐1 8 1
ii) 𝑎2 = 3
, 𝑏2
= −3
= 3
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐2
= 16
= 2
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
𝑎2
= 𝑏2
≠ 𝑐2
, these linear equation has no possible solution. Hence, pair of linear
equation is inconsistent.

iii)
𝑎1 2 1 𝑏1 1 𝑐1 −6 3
𝑎2
= 4
= 2
, 𝑏2
= −2
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐2
= −4
= 2
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
𝑎2
= 𝑏2
≠ 𝑐2
, these linear equation has no possible solution. Hence, pair of linear
equation is inconsistent.

2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 6 = 0
𝑦 = 6 − 2𝑥

x 0 1 2

y 6 4 2

4𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 4 = 0

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 4𝑥−4
𝑦= 2

x 1 2 3

y 0 2 4

iv)
𝑎1 2 1 𝑏1 −2 1 𝑐1 −2 2
𝑎2
= 4
= 2
, 𝑏2
= −4
= 2
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐2
= −5
= 5
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
𝑎2
= 𝑏2
≠ 𝑐2
, these linear equation has no possible solution. Hence, pair of
linear equation is inconsistent.

5. Let width of the garden = 𝑥

Let length of the garden = 𝑦

𝑦−𝑥=4 —----(1)
𝑦 + 𝑥 = 36 —----(2)

From (1)
𝑦=𝑥+4

x 0 8 12

y 4 12 16

From (2)

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 x 0 36 16

y 36 0 20

Hence, length is 20 and width is 16

6. i) For lines to be intersecting, this condition must be true

𝑎1 𝑏1
𝑎2
≠ 𝑏2

So equation can be 𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 8 = 0

ii) For lines to be parallel, this condition must be true

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
𝑎2
= 𝑏2
≠ 𝑐2

So equation can be 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 8 = 0

iii) For lines to be coincident, this condition must be true

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
𝑎2
= 𝑏2
= 𝑐2

So equation can be 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 16 = 0

7. 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1 = 0
𝑥=𝑦−1

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 x 0 1 2

y 1 2 3

3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 12 = 0
12−2𝑦
𝑥= 3

x 4 2 0

y 0 3 6

Graphic representation

EXERCISE 2.2

1. i)
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 14 —---(1)
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4 —---(2)

From (1)
𝑥 = 14 − 𝑦 —---(3)

Putting value of (3) in eq (2)

(14 − 𝑦) − 𝑦 = 4
14 − 2𝑦 = 4
2𝑦 = 10
𝑦=5

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Putting value of y in (3)
𝑥 = 14 − 5
𝑥=9

Hence, 𝑥 = 9 and 𝑦 = 5

ii)
𝑠 − 𝑡 = 3 —---(1)
𝑠 𝑡
3
+ 2
=6 —---(2)

From (1)
𝑠 = 3 + 𝑡 —---(3)

Putting value of (3) in eq (2)

3+𝑡 𝑡
3
+ 2
=6
2𝑡 + 6 + 3𝑡 = 36
5𝑡 = 30
𝑡=6

Putting value of t in (3)

𝑠=6+3
𝑠=9

Hence,𝑠 = 9 and 𝑡 = 6

iii)
3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3 —---(1)
9𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 9 —---(2)

From (1)
𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 3 —---(3)

Putting value of (3) in eq (2)

9𝑥 − 3(3𝑥 − 3) = 9
9𝑥 − 9𝑥 + 9 = 9
9=9

This pair of linear equation has infinitely many solutions.

So one possible solution can be 𝑥 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 3

iv)
0. 2𝑥 + 0. 3𝑦 = 1. 3 —---(1)
0. 4 𝑥 + 0. 5 𝑦 = 2. 3 —---(2)

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From (1)
𝑥 = 6. 5 − 1. 5𝑦 —---(3)

Putting value of 𝑥 in eq (2)

0. 4(6. 5 − 1. 5𝑦) + 0. 5 𝑦 = 2. 3
2. 6 − 0. 6𝑦 + 0. 5 𝑦 = 2. 3
−0.3
𝑦= −0.1
𝑦=3

Putting value of y in (3)

𝑥 = 6. 5 − 1. 5(3) = 6. 5 − 4. 5
𝑥=2
Hence, 𝑥 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 3

v)
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 0 —---(1)
3𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 0 —---(2)

From (1)
− 3𝑦
𝑥= —---(3)
2

Putting value of (3) in eq (2)

− 3𝑦
3( ) − 8𝑦 = 0
2
−3𝑦
− 2 2𝑦 = 0
2
−3
𝑦( − 2 2) = 0
2
𝑦=0

Putting value of y in (3)

𝑥=0

Hence, 𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 0

vi)
3𝑥 5𝑦
2
− 3 =− 2 —---(1)
𝑥 𝑦 13
3
+ 2 = 6 —---(2)

From (1)
9𝑥 − 10𝑦 =− 12
−12+10𝑦
𝑥= 9
—---(3)

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 Putting value of 𝑥 in eq (2)

−12+10𝑦
9 𝑦 13
3
+ 2 = 6
−24+20𝑦+27𝑦 13
54
= 6
47𝑦 = 117 + 24
141
𝑦= 47
𝑦=3

Putting value of y in (3)

−12+10(3) 18
𝑥= 9
= 9
𝑥=2
Hence, 𝑥 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 3

2. 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 11 —----(1)
2𝑥 − 4𝑦 =− 24 —----(2)

From (1)
2𝑥 = 11 − 3𝑦 —---(3)

Putting value of 2𝑥 in eq (2)

11 − 3𝑦 − 4𝑦 =− 24
11 − 7𝑦 =− 24
− 7𝑦 =− 35
𝑦=5

Putting value of y in (3)

2𝑥 = 11 − 3(5) = 11 − 15 =− 4
𝑥 =− 2

Hence, 𝑥 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 3

Putting value of 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 in equation

𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 3
5 =− 2𝑚 + 3
− 2𝑚 = 2
𝑚 =− 1

3. i)
Let larger number = 𝑥
Let larger number = 𝑦
A/Q

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𝑥 − 𝑦 = 26
𝑥 = 26 + 𝑦 —----(1)
Also,
𝑥 = 3𝑦 —---(2)

Comparing equation (1) and (2)

3𝑦 = 26 + 𝑦
2𝑦 = 26
𝑦 = 13
𝑥 = 3𝑦 = 3(13) = 39

So, the numbers are 13 and 39.

ii)
Let the first angle = 𝑥
Let the second angle = 𝑦
A/Q
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 180(𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 180°)
𝑥 = 180 − 𝑦 —----(1)
Also,
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 18 —---(2)

Comparing equation (1) and (2)

180 − 𝑦 − 𝑦 = 18
− 2𝑦 = 18 − 180 =− 162
162
𝑦= 2
= 81
𝑥 = 180 − 𝑦 = 180 − 81 = 99

So, the numbers are 99° and 81°.

iii)
Let the cost of each bat = ₹𝑥
Let the cost of each ball = ₹𝑦
A/Q
7𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 3800
6𝑦 = 3800 − 7𝑥
3800−7𝑥
𝑦= 6
—----(1)

Also,
3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 1750 —---(2)

Putting value of equation (1) in equation (2)

3800−7𝑥
3𝑥 + 5( 6
) = 1750
18𝑥 + 19000 − 35𝑥 = 1750(6)

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− 17𝑥 = 10500 − 19000 =− 8500
−8500
𝑥= −17
= 500
Putting value of 𝑥 in equation 1
3800−7(500) 300
𝑦= 6
= 6
= 50

Hence, cost of each bat is ₹500 and cost of each ball is ₹50

iv)
Let the fixed charge for taxi = ₹𝑥
Let variable cost per km = ₹𝑦

Total cost = fixed charge + variable charge

A/Q
𝑥 + 10𝑦 = 105
𝑥 = 105 − 10𝑦 —---(1)
Charges paid for journey of 15 km = ₹155
𝑥 + 15𝑦 = 155 —---(2)

Comparing equation (1) and (2)

105 − 10𝑦 + 15𝑦 = 155
5𝑦 = 155 − 105 = 50
50
𝑦= 5
= 10
Putting value of y in equation (1)
𝑥 = 105 − (10)(10) = 105 − 100 = 5

Total cost for travelling 25 km

= 𝑥 + 25𝑦 = 5 + 25(10) = ₹255

v)
Let numerator = 𝑥
Let denominator = 𝑦

A/Q
𝑥+2 9
𝑦+2
= 11

11𝑥 + 22 = 9𝑦 + 18
11𝑥 = 9𝑦 − 4

9𝑦−4
𝑥= 11
—----(1)

And,
𝑥+3 5
𝑦+3
= 6

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6𝑥 + 18 = 5𝑦 + 15 —----(2)

Putting value of x from eq(1) in eq (2)

9𝑦−4
6( 11
) + 18 = 5𝑦 + 15
54𝑦 − 24 = 55𝑦 − 33
− 𝑦 =− 9
𝑦=9

Putting value of y in equation (1)

9𝑦−4 (9)(9)−4 77
𝑥= 11
= 11
= 11
𝑥=7

7
Hence fraction = 9

vi)
Let present age of Jacob = 𝑥 𝑦𝑟𝑠.
Let present age of his son = 𝑦 𝑦𝑟𝑠.

After 5 yrs
Age of Jacob = 𝑥 + 5
Age of his son = 𝑦 + 5.

And,
𝑥 + 5 = 3(𝑦 + 5)
𝑥 + 5 = 3𝑦 + 15
𝑥 = 3𝑦 + 10 —----(1)

5 yrs ago
Age of Jacob = 𝑥 − 5
Age of his son = 𝑦 − 5.

And,
𝑥 − 5 = 7(𝑦 − 5)
𝑥 − 5 = 7𝑦 − 35
𝑥 − 7𝑦 =− 30 —----(2)

Putting value of x from eq(1) in eq (2)

3𝑦 + 10 − 7𝑦 =− 30
− 4𝑦 =− 40
𝑦 = 10

Putting value of y in eq(1)

𝑥 = 3(10) + 10 = 30 + 10 = 40

Hence, present age of jacob = 40 yrs and present age of his son is 10 yrs.

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EXERCISE 3.3

1. i)
By elimination method
𝑥+𝑦=5 —---(1)
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 4 —---(2)

Multiplying equation (1) by 2

2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10 —---(3)

eq(3) – eq(2)

5𝑦 = 6
6
𝑦 = 5

Putting value of 𝑦 in equation (1) We get,

6 19
𝑥= 5− 5
= 5

By substitution method
𝑥+𝑦=5 —---(1)
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 4 —---(2)

From equation (1)

𝑥 = 5 − 𝑦 —---(3)

Putting value of 𝑥 in equation (2)

2(5 − 𝑦) − 3𝑦 = 4
10 − 2𝑦 − 3𝑦 = 4
− 5𝑦 =− 6
6
𝑦= 5

Putting value of y in equation 3

6 19
𝑥=5− 5
= 5

ii)
By elimination method
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10 —---(1)
2𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 2 —---(2)

Multiplying equation (2) by 2

4𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 4 —---(3)

eq(1) + eq(3)

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7𝑥 = 14
14
𝑥= 7
=2

Putting value of 𝑥 in equation (1),

3(2) + 4𝑦 = 10
6 + 4𝑦 = 10
4𝑦 = 10 − 6 = 4
𝑦=1

By substitution method
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10 —---(1)
2𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 2 —---(2)

From equation (1)

10−3𝑥
𝑦= 4
—---(3)

Putting value of 𝑦 in equation (2)

10−3𝑥
2𝑥 − 2( 4
)=2
14𝑥 = 28
28
𝑥= 14
=2

Putting value of 𝑥 in equation (2)

4 − 2𝑦 = 2
− 2𝑦 =− 2
𝑦=1

iii)
By elimination method
3𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 4 —---(1)
9𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 7 —---(2)

Multiplying equation (1) by 3

9𝑥 − 15𝑦 = 12 —---(3)

eq(3) – eq(2)

− 13𝑦 = 5
−5
𝑦 = 13

Putting value of 𝑦 in equation (1) We get,

−5
3𝑥 − 5( 13
)=4
25
3𝑥 + 13
=4

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39𝑥 = 27
27 9
𝑥= 39
= 13

By substitution method
3𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 4 —---(1)
9𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 7 —---(2)

From equation (1)

4+5𝑦
𝑥= 3
—---(3)

Putting value of 𝑥 in equation (2)

4+5𝑦
9( 3
) − 2𝑦 = 7
12 + 15𝑦 − 2𝑦 = 7
13𝑦 =− 5
−5
𝑦= 13

Putting value of y in equation (1)

−5
3𝑥 − 5( 13
)=4
25 27
3𝑥 = 4 − 13
= 13
27 9
𝑥= 39
= 13

iv)
By elimination method
𝑥 2𝑦
2
+ 3
=− 1 —----(1)
𝑦
𝑥− 3
=3 —-----(2)
Multiplying equation (1) by 2
4𝑦
𝑥+ 3
=− 2 —---(3)

eq(3) – eq(2)

5𝑦
3
=− 5
−15
𝑦 = 5
=− 3

Putting value of 𝑦 in equation (2) ,

(−3)
𝑥− 3
=3
3𝑥 + 3 = 9
9−3 6
𝑥= 3
= 3
𝑥=2

By substitution method

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 𝑥 2𝑦
2
+ 3
=− 1 —----(1)
𝑦
𝑥− 3
=3 —-----(2)

From equation (2)

𝑦
𝑥=3+ 3
—---(3)

Putting value of 𝑥 in equation (1)

(9+𝑦) 2𝑦
6
+ 3 =− 1
9+𝑦+4𝑦
6
=− 1
5𝑦 =− 6 − 9 =− 15
−15
𝑦= 5
=− 3

2. i)Let the numerator be x and denominator be y

𝑥
Fraction = 𝑦
A/Q
𝑥+1
𝑦−1
=1
𝑥+1=𝑦−1
𝑥 − 𝑦 =− 2 —-----(1)

Also,
𝑥 1
𝑦+1
= 2
2𝑥 = 𝑦 + 1
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1 —-----(2)

eq(2) – eq(1)
𝑥=3

Putting value of 𝑥 in equation (1) ,

3 − 𝑦 =− 2
− 𝑦 =− 5
𝑦=5

3
Hence, the required fraction is 5

ii) Let present age of Nuri be 𝑥 and present age of Sonu be 𝑦

A/Q
(𝑥 − 5) = 3(𝑦 − 5)
𝑥 − 3𝑦 =− 10 —-----(1)

Also,
𝑥 + 10𝑦 = 2(𝑦 + 10)

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𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 10 —-----(2)

eq(2) – eq(1)
𝑦 = 20

Putting value of 𝑦 in equation (1) ,

𝑥 − 60 =− 10
𝑥 = 50

Hence,present age of Nuri = 50 yrs and present age of Sonu = 20 yrs

iii)Let the unit digit of number be x and tens digit of number be y

Number = 10𝑦 + 𝑥
Number after reversing the digits = 10𝑥 + 𝑦

A/Q
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 9 —-----(1)

Also,
9(𝑥 + 10𝑦) = 2(𝑦 + 10𝑥)
90𝑦 + 9𝑥 = 20𝑥 + 2𝑦
88𝑦 = 11𝑥
8𝑦 = 𝑥
− 𝑥 + 8𝑦 = 0 —-----(2)

eq(2) + eq(1)
9𝑦 = 9
𝑦=1

Putting value of 𝑦 in equation (1) ,

𝑥+1=9
𝑥=9−1=8

Hence, required number is = 𝑥 + 10𝑦 = 8 + 10(1) = 18

iv)Let the number of ₹50 notes = 𝑥

Let the number of ₹100 notes = 𝑦

A/Q
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 25 —-----(1)

Also,
50𝑥 + 100𝑦 = 2000 —-----(2)

Multiplying equation (1) by 50

50𝑥 + 50𝑦 = 1250 —----(3)

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eq(3) – eq(2)
50𝑦 = 750
750
𝑦= 50
= 15

Putting value of 𝑦 in equation (1) ,

𝑥 + 15 = 25
𝑥 = 25 − 15 = 10

Hence, Meena ha 10 notes of ₹50 and 15 notes of ₹100

v)Let th fixed charge for first 3 days be ₹𝑥

And charge for each extra days be ₹𝑦

A/Q
𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 27 —-----(1)

Also,
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 21 —-----(2)

eq(1) – eq(2)
2𝑦 = 6
6
𝑦= 2
=3

Putting value of 𝑦 in equation (1) ,

𝑥 + 4(3) = 27
𝑥 + 12 = 27
𝑥 = 27 − 12 = 15

Hence, fixed charge for 3 days = ₹15

And charge for each extra days = ₹3

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