2 10

O
 S 4 3 2 1

Nascar
Ksp
6.133
O
 IPA 7 Ht
103 log scale

I 2 1

I 0.8 o 8 O
c
0.3 0.6 0.3

O S O Z 0.3
 no chain only
position

É c c É c c É c c

I I t
c É c

brsi

tain x acidic mech base

O
 D D H bond it bond dinars
Dis
O

T
Colt Sx to's
6
4
pop
pH 9.69

155 diprotic b
F 2 1
Blue
give
pH 4.69
b
purple
 theatf

right t yield
IT 0

pp o ight
o
tyield

acidic
Futral

O o doesn't
go reignite
doesn't
precipitate
v4 a
 Nazcogian Italian 22M Clean 1021g t 1420 e

J o 025.1

0
ncrnas
fats
O O 26
HCl
I
so

0.468

b w
ethanol and Buton l ol

27.08 75 C ethanol
 17
I 8.52 10
Ay
1.77 10
Age1 10

more solvable
same no of ion
i can compare Ksp

Pb Izu I Pyun 21 Ian

Ksp Pba I 32
let x molar solvability
9 8 10 9
a 2nd

427 9 8 10 9

a 010013 Mol Il
n in 375 L

n Pb Iz XU
O 000 505 no I
M PHIL O 000105 X 461
0 233
butan z one butanol

butanol 2 methyl propanol

Arrhenius acid is a substance which produces Ht
when dissolved in solution while bronsted
lowry defines acid as a proton donor
only Hagan will be classified as an
Arrhenius acid as shown by the following
dissociation in solution
HCl Ian Atan C'can
Nitya Ht
can NHIcast Clan no

while both Italian and Nity Clean is

classified as a bronsted lowry acid as

They are capable of donating protons with

the solvent water
HCl can t
H2o Cy 430 t China
Ian

proton donor

NHuctian
0 NHI t
Lilian
Ian

is neut l
Nti act as an bromated lowry acid while Ct

o Nti t 4304mn
NHI can
t H2O ly
Iaas
potondonor
 Solution X drastically changes in pit 7 012
after the addition of small amount of
NaOH while solution 4 resist change
in pH 7 07.2
Therefore solution x is a non buffer solution
while solution Y is a buffer system consisting
of a weak acid base and conjugate base
acid in comparable amount As shown below

HA t
420cg
at OHiang Alan
addition of of will react with
Hence the
HA weak arid component effectively
into its long gate fo m
converting free on

As As a result Colt's is minimised

ke f login ont is minimised

pH 14 poet
An amphiprotic ion can act as a bronsted lowry
acid base in under different conditions
Acidic conditions excels Hzot
will act as a bronsted low y base
Hegg
HC Out 1 Ha o I 1426204 can H
an Ocy
a

condition
Basic excess on
bronsted lousy acid
GOT will act as a

Herod t
hocus
can t
outage Cronica

donate Ht
E meat
t I
205 36.7

3 sit

AT 536.7

5 5

g MCAT
205 4.18 36.7
31448 235
31.44 KT
31.44
n octan i o 5294
I 0 0059 Not
ml octan t oil namm
0 7736 i n

0.774 g 3 Sit
 biofuel as typically oxygenated compounds e s
which as more prone to complete biodiesel
bioethanol
combustion hence produce cell harmful
pollutes such as co
s
and Les
exo
 At Noc is reacted Cno decreases disturbing
equilibrium by Le chatelier's principle
equilibrium shifts left to produce
more Non and minimise disturbance
As a result the complete removal at
N 2 effectively also depletes Nou
to Zero

In Reactor I
pressure can
moderate
be implemented to increase frequency
of collisions and hence reaction rate
by collision theory increasing the efficiency
of No production A compromise of moderate
and not high is needed to minimise safety
nish e s explosion and cost specialised
equipment needed to maintain high pressures
As reaction is complete we don't need to consider yield
In Renato 2 moderate pressure and moderate high
temperature should also be implemented pressure
will increase rate as stated above while temperature
will increase kinetic energy and hence frequency
and proportion of successful collision reaction Also

increasing rate As we are not incurred with maximising

Nzoy we no do not need to consider yield concerns
mckinnis oxo
0.789 x 85
145 965
methanol
É3 16
I 1.000 6 10

n Oz
pv nrt
vs
his
3.16 8.314 310

1100
81 b b

81,7 35 f
Bromine felt can be used to test for
water
C or GC bonds Alkene in the absence
of Uu will undergo addition hence the
brown red bromine water will delolourise
as it is added onto the alkene forming an
halo alkane

iii
MM
molecular ion Penn
2
45112

9
Calton Cla at

all 0 as
general formulas Caltzu Iz
32,41 e molecular formula I Cz Holly
2.98 3112 6 I 12 35 112
3 which equals Mole into ion peak
i n 3 at 112 m iz

H Cl Cl
H d d d H
l I 1
H H H
1,2 dichloro propane
 but

Soluability refers to a solute ability to interact with

favourable intermolecular forces with the solvent
line dissolves likes e T polarity Tsolvability
Short chained alcohol exhiting a polar olt group and
favourably interact with water via hydrogen
asbiiemiiitnati.in iesso'tiiitsstigii
to 130 Sulu
g lml ability decreases
from 9 g l room to o
g i 100mL This
indicates the chain length of the alkan i ol
has increased As a result the addition
of a larger non polar region makes the
motel le more non polar decreasing polarity
will rather
consequently a polar water

internet favourably via hydrogen bonding

with itself then via dispersion force will
the athan i ol decreasing lot cability
 t
o

s
can
Ei
ÉÉit strong enough
i
7
 to fresh come add Sml
a sample
in Anos and observe for any bubbling

it co's in presence it will react with fingal shown below

Lujan 2ft NO can 2 Coz is t 1

70144 Nosian

if bubbles form it can be collected and tested

with limewater to confirm for cuz and as su h 107
to a new tomb sample add Fml IM A No and

observe for any white o team precipitate formed

2
Agtcan t 05 2 AS203cg
0 As Bres
Ascan t
Brian
mais at white precipitate
and measure
titrate
using an electronic balance
Add Smc at 2M NH to prelipitate filter
mall after
and record
then no or was present
If mail is constant
we confirmed fu on
If mail dissolved
will complex with ammonia
as
as
Ager
shown below
AgBros t
2mHz I A NH3 Jt Brian
can
 t
Calibration curve of Cuc 31 003
v 8A

0 7

o b t

o S

X
0.4
É
r

v 3 X
y
o Z
mill

10.044
X
0.1

t o d o dz u do a d Os
t
29 1mi Ill
concentration of Cuco too
 1 2 I

Cn CzHoo Caco 3400129

I 0.056 0.111 0
40.044
0.044 0.088
6
0.012 0.023 0.044

keg Cacus Hoo z9 t

CutJCGHoos

to.is ons
6931

6.9 4103 2 S t
 y

0
8.5 4.9 53
I

10 keg
At equilibrium

added
I a lo z note as us
l l to 1 z a
it n c
c iii
Zy y

cont equal
1 1 10
2
24 1 21 153 y y
3
x 1.1 152 1.21 10
By

kept
44 10
ins Cio
9,10
10
T.in zy
 2
1.1 10
29

2
y EG 11 10

sub into

Xs 1.1 10
2
1,21 10
3 3 t to l l to

SO 1432
3 l E
0.143 moi

add 0 143m01 3 5 f
of Cuz is