Os Frontale: The Frontal Bone

The os frontale, or frontal bone, is a critical element of the human skull, forming the forehead and the
superior part of the orbit. Positioned at the anterior portion of the cranium, this flat, bone plays a
pivotal role in both protection and aesthetic features. Understanding its anatomy and functions is
crucial in comprehending the importance of the frontal bone in human physiology and overall well-
being.
Anatomy and Structure
The os frontale consists of a single bone that comprises the majority of the cranial vault's anterior
portion. Key structural features include:
Frontal Squama: The large, flat, and curved portion of the frontal bone that forms the forehead. The
surface of the frontal squama is marked by the presence of numerous frontal sinuses, which are air-
filled cavities that help reduce the weight of the skull.
Supraorbital Foramen or Notch: Located just above the orbits (eye sockets), this small opening allows
the passage of the supraorbital nerve and vessels, which provide sensory innervation to the forehead.
Glabella: A smooth, slightly raised area between the eyebrows, which is an important anatomical
landmark in medical and anthropological studies.
Coronal Suture: The point where the frontal bone articulates with the parietal bones. This suture plays
a crucial role in the overall structure of the skull.
Functions
Protection: The os frontale serves as a protective barrier for the brain, providing a robust, solid layer at
the anterior aspect of the cranial vault. It acts as a safeguard against injuries, such as blows to the
head, by dispersing and absorbing the force, thus helping to minimize potential damage to the
delicate brain tissue.
Aesthetic and Facial Structure: The frontal bone contributes significantly to the overall appearance of
the face. It forms the forehead, which varies in contour and prominence among individuals and plays a
role in facial aesthetics.
Frontal Sinuses: The frontal sinuses within the frontal squama are part of the paranasal sinuses
system. They help humidify and filter inhaled air, reduce the weight of the skull, and resonate the
voice.Supraorbital Foramen/Notch: This anatomical feature provides a passage for the supraorbital
nerve and vessels, allowing for sensory innervation of the forehead and helping to maintain proper
sensory function.
Clinical Significance The os frontale is crucial in various medical and forensic contexts. Medical
imaging techniques, such as X-rays and CT scans, can reveal abnormalities in the frontal bone, aiding in
the diagnosis of head injuries, congenital disorders, or structural abnormalities. In forensic
anthropology, the size and shape of the frontal bone can be used for age, sex, and ancestry
estimation.