UNITNAME:ELECTRICALMACHINEDRIVES

UNITCODE:EMT3205

UNITNAME:MEASUREMENTANDINSTRUMENTATION

TITLE:ASSIGNMENT1

Submittedby:

KanyuiPeterE022-01-1494/2021

CynthiaWaruguruE022-01-1375/2021WilsonNgeiMumbuaE022-01-1376/2021

QUESTION:

Ingroupsofthree:Discussindetailthefollowingmethodsofreducingsystematicerrorscitingtheirmerits
,demeritsandusability:

1.Carefulinstrumentdesign

2.Methodofopposinginputs

3.High-gainfeedback

4.Calibration
5.Manualcorrectionofoutputreading

6.Intelligentinstruments

1. CarefulInstrumentDesign:

Merits

Carefulinstrumentdesignentailscreatingtoolsfromthebeginningtoreduceorgetridofsystematicfaults.
Thismayresultinmeasurementsthatareinherentlycorrect.

Itmakesitpossibletoexertbettercontroloverelementslikemechanicalinstabilityandtemperaturesensit
ivitythatcancausesystematicerrors.

Demerits

Relativelyexpensiveandtime-consumingworkgoesintodesigningprecisioninstruments.

Itmightnotalwaysbepossibletocompletelyeradicateallsystematicerrorsourcesthroughdesign.

Usability

Thisapproachisfrequentlyutilizedinfieldslikeprecisionengineeringandscientificresearchwheregreat
accuracyisessential.

2. MethodofOpposingInputs

Merits

Inordertolessensystematicmistakes,thismethodcallsforcollectingmeasurementsinboththeforwarda
ndbackwarddirectionsandaveragingtheoutcomes.

Anysystemicerrorsthatareconstantinbothdirectionsareeliminated.

Demerits

Itmightnotcompletelyeliminateasymmetricalsystemicmistakes.

Makingseveralmeasurementsneedsmoretimeandresources.
Usability

Itisfrequentlyusedinlaboratoriesandothersettingswhereitissimpletotakerepeatedmeasurements.

3. High-GainFeedback

Merits

High-gainfeedbacksystemsalterreadingsinreal-timetocontinuouslycorrectforsystematicmistakes.

Theycancutdownonerrorsquiteeffectively.

Demerits

High-gainfeedbacksystemscanbeexpensiveanddifficulttoconstructduetotheircomplexity.

Ifnotproperlybuiltandcalibrated,theycancreatetheirownsourcesofmistake.

Usability

High-gainfeedbackisutilizedincontrolsystemsandelectronicequipmentwhenreal-
timecorrectionisessential.

4. Calibration

Merits

Comparingmeasurementstoarecognizedstandardandmakingadjustmentsforanydifferencesisthepro
cessofcalibration.

Itisafrequentlyusedtechniqueforminimizingsystematicerrorsindifferentmeasurementtools.

Demerits

Itneedsaccesstoaccuratestandardsandcalibrationtools.

Regularcalibrationisnecessarysinceinstrumentscandriftovertime.

Usability

Manufacturing,healthcare,andscientificresearcharejustafewoftheareasthatemploycalibration.
 5. ManualCorrectionofOutputReading

Merits

Comparingmeasurementstoarecognizedstandardandmakingadjustmentsforanydifferencesisthepro
cessofcalibration.

Itisafrequentlyusedtechniqueforminimizingsystematicerrorsindifferentmeasurementtools.

Demerits

Itneedsaccesstoaccuratestandardsandcalibrationtools.

Regularcalibrationisnecessarysinceinstrumentscandriftovertime.

Usability

Manufacturing,healthcare,andscientificresearcharejustafewoftheareasthatemploycalibration.

6. IntelligentInstruments

Merits

Intelligentinstrumentshaveself-diagnosingandmistakecorrectingalgorithmsbuiltin.

Systematicerrorscanbeautomaticallycorrectedbythem.

Demerits

Usingintelligentdevicesrequiresspecifictrainingandcanbepricey.

Forsomeapplications,theymightnotbeobtainableorrequired.

Usability

Frequentlyusedinindustriesincludingaerospace,healthcare,andadvancedmanufacturingwherehigha
ccuracyandautomationarecrucial