UNIFORM ACCELERATED MOTION (UAM) AND

KINEMATIC EQUATIONS
KINEMATIC EQUATIONS IN HORIZONTAL MOTION

1 2
v f =v i +at ∆ x=v i t+ a t
2
2 2
v f =v i +2 a ∆ x

KINEMATIC EQUATIONS IN VERTICAL MOTION (FREE

FALL)

1 2
v fy =v iy + ¿ ∆ y =v iy t + g t
2
2 2
v fy =v iy + 2 g ∆ y
MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION
Classical Mechanics
- The branch of physics involving the motion of an
object and the relationship between that motion and
other physics concepts.

Kinematics
- is a part of mechanics
- In kinematics, you are interested in the
description of motion
- Not concerned with the cause of the motion
Quantities in Motion
- Any motion involves the concepts of
- Position
- Distance and Displacement
- Speed and Velocity
- Acceleration
Position
Defined in terms of a frame of reference
- One dimensional, so generally the x- or y-axis
- Defines a starting point for the motion
- An object is moving if its position relative to a fixed
point is changing.

MOTION IS RELATIVE
- When we describe the motion of one object with
respect to another, we say that the object is moving
relative to the other object.
- Although you may be at rest relative to Earth’s surface,
you’re moving about 100,000 km/h relative to the sun.

DISTANCE BOTH DISPLACEMENT

- refers to the Both have the - refers to the
total length of same unit: straight
path travelled by meters (m) in SI line/shortest
an object. centimeters (cm) path the initial
- scalar quantity in cgs and final position SPEED
feet (ft) in US of an object. - Galileo is credited as being the first to measure speed
Customary - vector quantity by considering the distance covered and the time it
takes.
- The average speed of an object is defined as the total
distance traveled divided by the total time elapsed

Speed is a scalar quantity

Common unit: m/s
Other units: (mi/h) (km/h)
centimeters per day
light-years per century
 CHANGING MAGNITUDE (SPEED)

• Increasing or decreasing magnitude

Think of this!!

A car traveling with initial velocity of 20 m/s, east and

change to to 40 m/s, east in 10 seconds.

SPEED vs VELOCITY
- Cars on both paths have the same average velocity
since they had the same displacement in the same time
interval
- The car on the blue path will have a greater average
speed since the distance it traveled is larger

VELOCITY
- In physics, velocity is speed in a given direction.
- When we say a car travels at 60 km/h, we are
specifying its speed.
- When we say a car moves at 60 km/h to the north, we
are specifying its velocity.
- velocity is directed speed

Velocity is a vector quantity

Common unit: m/s
Other units: (mi/h) (km/h)
centimeters per day
light-years per century

2 TYPES OF VELOCITY

AVERAGE VELOCITY INSTANTANEOUS

- It is rate at which the
displacement occurs.
- generally, use a time
interval,
so let ti = 0
VELOCITY
- The velocity at any
instant of time.
- A car does not always
move at the same speed.

CHANGING VELOCITY

CHANGING DIRECTION
- A body may move at constant speed along a curved
path but it does not move with constant velocity,
because its direction is changing every instant.

ACCELERATION
- Acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity.
- Changing velocity (non-uniform) means an
acceleration is present
Think of this!!
- Motion is called Uniformly accelerated motion (UAM)
The speedometer of a car moving northward reads 60 - It is vector quantity
km/h. It passes another car that travels southward at 60 - An object is accelerating whenever there is a change
km/h. in its state of motion.
Common units:
Do both cars have the same speed? Do they have the
m/s² (SI)
same velocity?
cm/s² (cgs)
ft/s² (US Cust)
 Accelerate in the Accelerate Accelerate at an - study of the behavior of light and its interaction with
direction of against angle to materials
velocity–speed up velocity–slow velocity–change - Quantum Mechanics
down direction - Relativistic Mechanics
- Quantum field Theory

Modern Physics

Measurement and Physical Quantities

- Measurement is the process of associating numbers
with physical quantities and phenomena.
Examples:

Introduction to General Physics 1

Definition of Physics
- By Latin physica, means ‘science of natural things’.
- Physics is generally defined as the science of matter
and energy.
- Mathematics is the language of Physics

BRANCHES OF PHYSICS
Classical Mechanics
- concerning the motion of objects that are large VECTORS
relative to atoms and move at speeds much slower than - In Physics, physical quantities can be described by
the speed of light their measures and is classified as scalar quantity or
Thermodynamics vector quantity.
- dealing with heat, work, temperature, and the Scalar Quantity
statistical behavior of systems with large numbers of - are quantities that are described by their magnitude.
particles. - When a student walks a distance of 25 meters͵ the
Waves and acoustics quantity is described as to how long is the distance. The
- concerning with the properties of sound magnitude is the how much to describe the distance.
Electromagnetism - examples: distance͵ area͵ speed͵ mass͵ volume͵
- concerning electricity, magnetism, and density
electromagnetic fields.
Optics
Vector Quantity Rules in Vector addition/subtraction
- are quantities that described by their magnitude and When two given vectors are acting on the same
direction. direction.
- are used to represent things that we cannot see like a - To find the magnitude and direction of the resultant.
force exerts or velocity of a moving car. - Add the magnitude of the two vectors to get the
- Vectors can be represented by an arrow. It also uses a resultant.
scale in graphical solution. - For the direction͵ use same direction of the given
→
- (V ) is the symbol to represent a vector. vectors.
- To find the magnitude and direction of the resultant.
- examples: Force downward͵ velocity of a car moving
- Subtract the magnitude of the two vectors to get the
east͵ displacement of a pencil thrown upward ͵
resultant.
acceleration towards the west.
For the direction͵ follow the direction of the larger
magnitude.
→
V
Arrow tail
When two vectors forming an angle 90 ᵒ with another
– tells the origin of the vector
- To find the magnitude and direction of the resultant.
Arrow head - The diagonal form by the two vectors is the resultant.
– tells the direction of the vector - Use Pythagorean theorem (R2 = c2 = a2 + b2) to find
- Magnitude of the resultant.
Length of the Arrow For the direction: use SOHCAHTOA
– is the magnitude of the vector
When two vectors form an oblique triangle.
DISTANCE - To find the magnitude and direction of the resultant.
– It refers to “how much ground an object has covered” - The diagonal form by the two vectors is the resultant.
during its motion. - Use cosine and sine law to find the magnitude and
DISPLACEMENT direction of the result
– It is the object overall change in position
∆ x=x f −x i

Pythagorean Theorem(¿ find the resultant vector)

R=√ (adj)2+ ¿ ¿ THE COMPONENT METHODS
- is the ordered pair that describes the changes in the x-
Fundamentals in direction with respect to horizontal
and y- values.
axis
- When separating a vector into its component form, we
are essentially creating a right triangle with the vector
being the hypotenuse.
- Use cosine function for x values. Magnitude cosine ϴ
- And Sine function for y values. Magnitude sine ϴ

Scalar Quantity
- Are quantities that are described by their magnitude.
Ex: distance, area, speed, mass, volume, density
Vector Quantity
Are quantities that are described by their Magnitude
and direction.
Ex: force downward, velocity of a car moving east,
displacement of a pencil thrown upward, acceleration
towards the west.
Vector Addition
- Resultant is the vector sum of more than one vector.
- Although addition is the word use but it is combining
vectors having different magnitude and direction.
Rules in Vector Addition
1. When two given vectors are acting on the same
direction.
- Add the magnitude of the two vectors to get the
resultant.
- For the direction, use same direction of the given
vectors.
2. When two vector are acting in the opposite direction.
- Subtract the magnitude of the two vectors to get the
resultant.
- For the direction, follow the direction of the larger
magnitude.
3. When two vectors forming a 90 ° angle
- The diagonal form by the two vectors is the resultant.
- Use Pythagorean Theorem to find the magnitude of
the resultant.
4. When two vectors form an oblique triangle
- The diagonal form by the two vectors is the resultant.
- Use cosine and sine law to find the magnitude and
direction of the result.
Kinematics
Deals with the study of the description of motion
Ex: vehicles on the road, object dropped from a height,
student walking, LRT train.
Motion
- A continuous change of position with regards to
known point of reference.
Position
- is to represent the object in motion to some point of
reference or starting point.
- Usually the origin of x-axis as the reference point for
motion on a straight line.
Object
- The word object in the discussion is referred to as the
particle in motion that is being studied or analyzed.
Distance
- Is the total length covered for a certain motion on a
straight line.
Displacement
- Is the actual change of position of the object in
motion.
- Indicates the initial and final position of the object and
also a vector quantity.
Speed proportional with the mass of the body.
- Is a scalar quantity that gives the magnitude of how
fast an object is moving.
- Is the ratio of the distance covered and the time to
cover that distance. Common unit in m/s.

distance covered
speed=
time
Law of Interaction
Velocity - States that for every action force, there is an equal and
- Ratio of the displacement of the object and the time opposite reaction force.
pass in that displacement.
Relationship of Mass and Weight
d isplacement - Weight the is the gravitational force with which the
Velocity=
time earth attracts the body.
- It is a force of attraction of the earth on a body.
Average Velocity - It means that if you weigh 100lbs, the earth pulls you
- Is the ratio of the complete distance covered by the down with a force of 100lbs.
object and the total time to complete the distance. - Weight of the body varies with its distance from the
Instantaneous Velocity center of the earth.
- The velocity commonly read in the odometer while - Weight is also a force.
driving or the velocity at that moment or situation. - Mass is the quantity of matter in the body and same
everywhere.
Acceleration - It means that if your mass in Manila is 45kg, your mass
in USA is also 45kg.
- The rate at which the velocity of the object is
changing.
- The word to accelerate or to increase some more
speed in the motion.

Average Acceleration
- The ratio of the change in velocity of the object and
the time interval in that change of velocity.

change ∈velocity V 2−V 1

ave . cc .= =
time pass T 2−T 1

Instantaneous Acceleration
- Ratio of the change in velocity of the object and the
smallest or shortest time required in that change.

Uniform Accelerated Motion

- When the velocity of an object in motion changes at

constant rate when acceleration is the same as pass by.

Free-falling Motion
- A type of uniform accelerated motion wherein the
acceleration is constant.
- Free-falling bodies move under the action of its own
weight or due to the pull of the Earth’s gravity.

Law of Inertia
- States that a body will remain at rest, and a body in
motion will remain in motion at constant velocity in a
straight line if no force acts on it.
- Inertia is the ability of an object that needs application
of force to change the object’s motion.

Law of Acceleration
- States that the acceleration of a body is directly
proportional to the force acting on it and inversely