Public Speaking Matters 1st Edition

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Test Bank
Chapter 11: Organize the Body of Your Speech

Learning Objectives

• Recall how main points should be used in speeches.

• Recall the first rule regarding the main points of a speech.
• Identify what to do when a main point is unrelated to the thesis and purpose
statements.
• Recall that main points must be different from one another.
• Recall that main points should be equally important.
• Recall how much time should be proportionally spent on each main point.
• Identify how subpoints support main points.
• Recall how subpoints should be used.
• Define the rule of subordination.
• Define transition.
• Identify different types of transitions.
• Identify the aspects of a preview.
• Define summary.
• Recall how to combine summaries and previews.
• Define signpost.
• Recall why certain signposts work best for a speech.
• Identify effective signposts.
• Recall the different kinds of nonverbal transitions.
• Recall how to best incorporate nonverbal transitions into a speech.
• Recall how transitions help the audience follow a speech.
• Recall the characteristics of a topic pattern.
• Recall how to arrange points by time.
• Define space pattern.
• Recall how to arrange points by cause and effect.
• Recall how to arrange points by problem and solution.
• Identify the best pattern to employ for different topics.

True/False

1. Most speeches have between two and five main points.

Answer: True
Level: Remembering
Topic: Main points

2. If you have more than five main points, your audience will be more likely to
remember them all.
Answer: False
 Level: Understanding
Topic: Main points

3. You want some of your main points to seem unrelated to the topic of your
presentation to keep the audience interested.
Answer: False
Level: Understanding
Topics: Related main points; Main points

4. Main points should be similar and cover the same information.

Answer: False
Level: Remembering
Topics: Main points; Distinct main points

5. The time you devote to each of the main points during your speech should be equal.
Answer: True
Level: Remembering
Topics: Main points; Time allocation

6. Your main points should be roughly equal in importance.

Answer: True
Level: Remembering
Topics: Main paints; Equally important main points

7. Quotations, definitions, and statistics will often be incorporated in your main points.
Answer: False
Level: Understanding
Topics: Main points; Subpoints

8. Good public speakers use transitions to link together the parts of their speech.
Answer: True
Level: Remembering
Topic: Transitions

9. Summaries and previews are two different types of transitions and cannot be used
together.
Answer: False
Level: Remembering
Topics: Transitions; Summaries; Previews

10. Signposts are typically full sentences.

Answer: False
Level: Remembering
Topics: Transitions; Signposts
 11. You should use nonverbal transitions such as gestures and body movement in your
speech even if you don't feel comfortable with them.
Answer: False
Level: Understanding
Topics: Transitions; Nonverbal transitions

12. A time pattern organizes your main points according to physical areas or physical
settings.
Answer: False
Level: Remembering
Topics: Speech organization; Time pattern

13. When you feel anxious about the details of your speech organization, you should
focus on the details and specifics, rather than risk getting lost thinking about the
“big picture.”
Answer: False
Level: Understanding
Topic: Speech organization

14. You may need to try more than one speech organization pattern before you find the
most effective option for your speech.
Answer: True
Level: Remembering
Topic: Speech organization

15. You should be flexible as you consider different organizational strategies.

Answer: True
Level: Remembering
Topic: Speech organization

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is not a requirement of the main points of your speech?
A. They should be related.
B. They should be distinct.
C. They should be equally important.
D. They should be entertaining.
Answer: D
Level: Remembering
Topics: Main points; Related main points; Distinct main points; Equally important
main points

2. Margaret is writing a speech about the dangers of the chemical toluene in nail polish
products. Which of the following main points does not fit?
A. Toluene can potentially cause birth defects.
B. Toluene can cause irritation of the eyes, throat, and lungs.
 C. Toluene can damage the nervous system.
D. Toluene is a solvent that helps nail polish go on smoothly.
Answer: D
Level: Analyzing
Topics: Main points; Related main points

3. Earl's thesis statement is, "Anyone can successfully train for a marathon." Which of the
following main points is not relevant?
A. The weekly long run is a crucial component of marathon training.
B. The Big Sur Marathon is a highly recommended marathon, even for first-time
marathoners.
C. Hydration and proper nutrition are needed for fuel and recuperation during
marathon training.
D. Proper footwear and gear are needed for injury-free marathon training.
Answer: B
Level: Analyzing
Topics: Thesis statements; Main points

4. One of Jitesh's main points is, "Creaming the butter is an important step in making
cakes," and another main point is, "Creaming the butter is an important step in making
sugar cookies." What should Jitesh do to strengthen his main points?
A. He should combine the two similar points into one main point.
B. The two main points are fine and do not need to be changed.
C. He should give the two main points equal amounts of attention.
D. He should make sure to bring samples to class when he gives his speech.
Answer: A
Level: Applying
Topics: Main points; Distinct main points

5. How much time should you devote to each of your main points if you have three main
points?
A. You should spend the most time on your first main point.
B. You should weigh your time most heavily on the second point, creating a bell-
shaped speech pattern.
C. You should focus most heavily on your third point, since it is nearest the
conclusion.
D. You should devote relatively equal time to each main point.
Answer: D
Level: Remembering
Topics: Main points; Time allocation

6. Specific points that often incorporate supporting materials and that support main
points are known as which of the following?
A. signposts
B. previews
C. topics
 D. subpoints
Answer: D
Level: Remembering
Topics: Main points; Subpoints

7. Which of the following statements regarding subpoints is not true?

A. Subpoints can have subpoints.
B. Subpoints can clarify the meaning of a main point.
C. Your supporting materials will usually be incorporated in your subpoints.
D. You can only have two subpoints for each main point.
Answer: D
Level: Remembering
Topics: Main points; Subpoints

8. Which of the following statements about subpoints is not true?

A. Subpoints should be written as short phrases or single words.
B. Subpoints should express only one idea at a time.
C. Subpoints should be written as complete sentences.
D. Each main point can have several subpoints.
Answer: A
Level: Remembering
Topics: Main points; Subpoints

9. Subpoints reinforce or clarify the broader main points they are associated with. Which
of the following rules does this follow?
A. rule of division
B. rule of subordination
C. rule of reinforcement
D. rule of subpoints
Answer: B
Level: Remembering
Topics: Main points; Subpoints; Rules of subordination

10. Whenever there is one subpoint, there must be at least one more. This is known as the
A. rule of subordination.
B. rule of division.
C. rule of transition.
D. rule of signposts.
Answer: B
Level: Remembering
Topics: Subpoints; Rules of division

11. Which of the following is not a type of transition?

A. previews
B. summaries
C. signposts
 D. subordinates
Answer: D
Level: Remembering
Topics: Transitions; Previews; Summaries; Signposts

12. Transitions that are single words or phrases that help distinguish one point from
another are known as which of the following?
A. subpoints
B. thesis statements
C. signposts
D. conclusions
Answer: C
Level: Remembering
Topics: Transitions; Signposts

13. Which of the following statements about the preview type of transition is true?
A. Previews are always full sentences.
B. Previews compose the heart of your speech.
C. Previews do not present any new information.
D. Previews are single words.
Answer: C
Level: Remembering
Topics: Transitions; Previews

14. Which of the following is an example of a preview type of transition?

A. Policies regarding trade with China must change.
B. Let's now discuss the recent changes in standardized testing.
C. As we have seen, there is an economic need for a new interstate bridge.
D. The handout you have been given provides the details of this speech.
Answer: B
Level: Understanding
Topics: Transitions; Previews

15. A statement that touches upon and reminds your audience of points you have already
made is known as which type of transition?
A. summary
B. preview
C. nonverbal
D. signpost
Answer: A
Level: Remembering
Topics: Transitions; Summaries

16. Which of the following is an example of a summary type of transition?

A. Next, let's talk about the impact of the raw food movement on local restaurants.
 B. Sprouts may taste good on sandwiches, but they are dangerous and should be
avoided.
C. In the grand scheme of things, curriculum change will have no impact on test
scores.
D. So far, we have talked about two of the three main dangers of toluene in nail care
products.
Answer: D
Level: Understanding
Topics: Transitions; Summaries

17. Signposts serve all of the following functions except

A. comparing or contrasting points.
B. indicating a sequence of events.
C. emphasizing the importance of a point.
D. repeating the thesis statement.
Answer: D
Level: Remembering
Topic: Signposts; Compare and contrast signposts; Sequence of events signposts;
Importance signposts

18. "For instance, members of the group who ate chia seeds on a daily basis were able to
run longer than those who ate no chia seeds" uses which type of signpost?
A. give additional examples
B. indicate a sequence of events
C. provide explanation
D. summarize
Answer: C
Level: Applying
Topic: Signposts; Explanation signposts

19. "In a similar way, socks can be knit from the toe up rather than from the top down" uses
which type of signpost?
A. show cause and effect
B. emphasize importance
C. give additional examples
D. summarize
Answer: C
Level: Applying
Topics: Signposts; Additional example signposts

20. Which of the following is not an example of a signpost designed to indicate a sequence
of events?
A. first, second, third
B. on the other hand
C. finally
D. now, then
 Answer: B
Level: Remembering
Topics: Signpost; Sequence of events signposts

21. Increasing the volume and pitch of your voice to emphasize that a specific point in your
speech is important is an example of
A. body movement.
B. a nonverbal transition.
C. a signpost.
D. a walking transition.
Answer: B
Level: Remembering
Topics: Transitions; Nonverbal transitions; Vocal inflection

22. Which of the following is not an example of a nonverbal transition?

A. vocal inflection
B. body movement
C. summary
D. pauses
Answer: C
Level: Remembering
Topics: Nonverbal transitions; Vocal inflection; Body movement; Pauses

23. During her speech, Indira discussed one of her main points, stopped talking for a
moment and looked out at her audience, then began talking about another point. Which
type of nonverbal transition did she utilize?
A. pause
B. gesture
C. body movement
D. vocal inflection
Answer: A
Level: Understanding
Topics: Nonverbal transitions; Pauses

24. Rick is working on his speech for class. He has heard that he should incorporate
gestures and pauses and other nonverbal transitions, but he feels self-conscious and
silly. Which of the following should he do?
A. Rick should avoid the nonverbal transitions and focus only on the message of his
speech.
B. Rick should exaggerate his nonverbal transitions so the audience understands
they are transitions.
C. Rick should stand still behind a podium.
D. Rick should rehearse and practice until the nonverbal transitions feel and seem
natural.
Answer: D
Level: Applying
 Topics: Nonverbal transitions; Gestures; Pauses

25. Which of the following would be the best pattern for organizing your speech if you plan
to focus on the different types of flour that can be used to bake bread?
A. topic pattern
B. time pattern
C. space pattern
D. cause-effect pattern
Answer: A
Level: Understanding
Topics: Speech organization; Topic pattern

26. Your speech focuses on the large homeless population in your city. You describe the
lack of care for the mentally ill and the lack of social services for the poor and how they
have led to homelessness. Which speech organization pattern does this reflect?
A. time pattern
B. problem-solution pattern
C. effect-cause pattern
D. cause-effect pattern
Answer: C
Level: Understanding
Topics: Speech organization; Cause-effect pattern

27. Simone's speech focuses on poor dental health among children and the impact it can
have. She focuses on how fluoridated water and educating children about the
importance of dental care can improve dental health. Which speech organization
pattern does this reflect?
A. problem-solution pattern
B. space pattern
C. time pattern
D. solution-problem pattern
Answer: A
Level: Understanding
Topics: Speech organization; Problem-solution pattern

28. Greg is feeling anxious about the details of his speech organization. Which of the
following should he do?
A. Greg should focus on and go back over his main points and subpoints.
B. Greg should add more transitions to help with the flow of his speech.
C. Greg should change the organization of his speech, since his anxiety is a clue that
his speech isn't effectively organized.
D. Greg should step back and think about the bigger picture of what he wants to
accomplish.
Answer: D
Level: Applying
Topic: Speech organization
29. Rob wants to give a speech about the layout of a water park in his hometown. Rob
knows the designer of the park and knows that a lot of thought and research went into
the layout and design. Which speech organization pattern would likely be the best
choice for Rob?
A. problem-solution pattern
B. space pattern
C. time pattern
D. cause-effect pattern
Answer: B
Level: Applying
Topics: Speech organization; Space pattern

30. Three organizational strategies are potentially appropriate when your main points
describe a series of events that occur over time. Which of the following is not one of the
appropriate patterns?
A. space pattern
B. cause-effect pattern
C. time pattern
D. problem-solution pattern
Answer: A
Level: Understanding
Topics: Speech organization; Cause-effect pattern; Time pattern; Problem-solution
pattern

31. Theresa has organized her speech about finding her wedding dress using a time
pattern. Which of the following would likely be her main points?
A. dresses made of silk organza; dresses made of taffeta; dresses made of linen
B. looking through magazines to decide what style of dress she wanted; visiting
stores and trying on dresses; getting the dress altered for a custom fit
C. the weather forecast for her wedding day; the colors of the bridesmaid dresses;
the setting for the wedding
D. the best diet for losing weight quickly; the most flattering dress style for her
body type; the store with the most varied selection of wedding dresses
Answer: B
Level: Analyzing
Topics: Main points; Time pattern; Speech organization

32. Kota's speech is about Zen rock gardens and how the rocks are arranged just so. Which
of the following speech organization patterns would be the best choice?
A. cause-effect pattern
B. topic pattern
C. space pattern
D. problem-solution pattern
Answer: C
Level: Applying
 Topics: Speech organization; Space pattern

33. Which of the following speech organization patterns would work best if your topic is
about the different neighborhoods in your city and your focus is on what the best donut
shops in those neighborhoods are?
A. space pattern
B. time pattern
C. topic pattern
D. effect-cause pattern
Answer: C
Level: Understanding
Topics: Speech organization; Topic pattern

34. You are preparing a speech about the advantages of having native plants in home
gardens. You will be giving the speech in Seattle, Washington, and then again in Tucson,
Arizona. Given this information, which of the following is the most important thing you
must consider as you work on your speech?
A. the number of subpoints
B. how many nonverbal transitions to use
C. the speaking context
D. what to wear for your speech
Answer: C
Level: Understanding
Topic: Speech context

35. Jake's town used to have several open-air reservoirs, but they were recently covered.
Jake will be speaking about the reservoirs to an audience unfamiliar with the reasons
they were covered. Which organizational pattern would be the best choice for Jake?
A. effect-cause pattern
B. topic pattern
C. space pattern
D. problem-solution pattern
Answer: D
Level: Applying
Topics: Speech organization; Problem-solution pattern

Fill-in-the-Blank

1. A(n) ______ point is a statement expressing a specific idea or theme related to your
speech topic.
Answer: main
Level: Remembering
Topic: Main points

2. Most speeches have between two and ______ main points.

 Answer: five
Level: Remembering
Topic: Main points

3. Your main points should be ______, distinct, and equally important.

Answer: related
Level: Remembering
Topics: Main points; Related main points; Distinct main points; Equally important
main points

4. When developing your speech and your main points, you must consider and adapt
to the ______ of your speech.
Answer: context
Level: Remembering
Topics: Main points; Speech context

5. ______ can clarify the meaning of a main point, provide examples, offer evidence, and
elaborate your argument.
Answer: Subpoints
Level: Remembering
Topics: Subpoints; Main points

6. The rule that explains that whenever there is one subpoint, there must be at least
one more, is known as the rule of ______.
Answer: division
Level: Remembering
Topics: Rules of division; Subpoints

7. Transitions that are single words or phrases, called ______, help to distinguish one
point from another.
Answer: signposts
Level: Remembering
Topics: Transitions; Signposts

8. One type of transition, known as ______, alerts listeners that you are about to shift to
a new topic and are generally short statements.
Answer: previews
Level: Remembering
Topics: Transitions; Previews

9. The ______ type of transition briefly reminds the audience of points you have already
made.
Answer: summary
Level: Remembering
Topics: Transitions; Summaries
10. Vocal inflection, pauses, and body movement are examples of ______ transitions.
Answer: nonverbal
Level: Remembering
Topics: Nonverbal transitions; Vocal inflection; Pauses; Body movement

11. Using effective ______ ensures that the shift from one part of your speech to the next
will seem smooth and natural rather than abrupt.
Answer: transitions
Level: Remembering
Topics: Transitions

12. Hand movements used to punctuate your speech are nonverbal transitions known
as ______.
Answer: gestures
Level: Remembering
Topics: Nonverbal transitions; Gestures

13. A brief silence during your speech is a nonverbal transition called a(n) ______.
Answer: pause
Level: Remembering
Topics: Nonverbal transitions; Pauses

14. When you use a(n) ______ pattern to organize your speech, you organize your main
points to represent various natural divisions or categories of the subject.
Answer: topic
Level: Remembering
Topics: Speech organization; Topic pattern

15. A categorical speech organization pattern is also known as a(n) ______ pattern.
Answer: topic
Level: Remembering
Topics: Speech organization; Topic pattern

16. If you are describing the steps of a process in your speech, you should use a(n) ______
pattern for organizing your speech.
Answer: time
Level: Understanding
Topics: Speech organization; Time pattern

17. A chronological pattern of speech organization in which you arrange your points in
chronological order is also known as a(n) ______ pattern.
Answer: time
Level: Remembering
Topics: Speech organization; Time pattern
18. If you are discussing an adverse situation and then offering ideas of how to address
and rectify the situation, you should use a(n) ______-______ pattern to organize your
speech.
Answer: problem-solution
Level: Understanding
Topics: Problem-solution pattern; Speech organization

19. If you are giving a speech about the planets in our solar system and how they are
arranged, you are most likely to use a(n) ______ pattern for organizing your speech.
Answer: space
Level: Understanding
Topics: Speech organization; Space pattern

20. The heart of your speech is the ______.

Answer: body
Level: Remembering
Topic: Body of the speech