E-BOOK LATIHAN SOAL

BAHASA INGGRIS
SMA/MA/SMK

PUSAT OLIMPIADE SAINS INDONESIA

BIDANG : Bahasa Inggris SMA

SOAL

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FOKUS – HEBAT – JUARA
 BIDANG : Bahasa Inggris SMA

SOAL LATIHAN PAKET 1 fish population , and protecting areas of the lake
where fish spawn. Since natural resources can be
Read the following sentences and answer the the tool by which the people of Tanzania work
questions below! themselves out of poverty, it is essential that these
resources are managed well. By integrating health
Passage 1 (for questions no. 1 – 4) services with conservation activity, we can begin to
heal the suffering in western Tanzania, for people
Protecting Lake Tanganyika and the land alike.

Hidden away in the mountains of western Tanzania 1. In paragraph 1, the author asks, “how can
is one of the largest lakes in the world: Lake we expect people who cannot save their
Tanganyika. Environmentalists want to protect the own children to care about saving the
beauty and biological diversity of this area from the environment?” this question suggests that
harmful effects of overfishing and deforestation. worrying about the environment is a/an
However, in order to do this, they need the ………………….
cooperation of people in the nearby village of a. Luxury
Mahale. In this impoverished community, malaria b. Outrage
and typhoid are rampant, there is little access to c. Mistake
doctors, and 13% of children die before age 5. How d. Misunderstanding
can we expect people who cannot save their own e. None all above
children to care about saving the environment?
While it is true that the Mahale villagers are 2. As used in paragraph 1, which is the best
suffering, environmentalists argue that Lake antonym for rampant?
Tanganyika is in an equally critical condition. This a. Safe
lake is home to hundreds of fish species found b. Calm
nowhere else on the globe. Eighty mammal species c. Motionless
live in the surrounding forests and mountains. d. Limited
Ninety percent of Tanzania’s endangered e. None all above
chimpanzees reside in this area. Irreparable damage
to this ecosystem will result in untold losses. 3. According to the passage, what percentage
Furthermore, environmentalists see the destruction of Tanzania’s endangered chimpanzees live
of the environment as a direct function of the in the forests surrounding Lake
villagers’poverty; as the fish population decreases, Tanganyika?
people are forced to clear more land to grow rice a. 5
and corn. As they clear more land, the soil run – off b. 13
from deforestation further reduces the fish c. 80
population, making it even more difficult for d. 90
people to survive on fishing alone. This vicious e. 100
cycle harms both the Mahale villagers and the
environment. 4. The author concludes that in western
To meet their objective of protecting Lake Tanzania, the problems of poverty and
Tanganyika, environmentalists are now using a environmental destruction are
multifaceted approach in Mahale: helping the a. Identical
villagers gain access to healthcare, educating b. Unsolvable
fishermen and farmers about the impact of c. Connected
deforestation and their own role in the dwindling d. Opposed

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FOKUS – HEBAT – JUARA
BIDANG : Bahasa Inggris SMA
e. None all above
5. Based on its use in the final paragraph, it
can be understood that multifaceted
belongs to which of the following word
groups?
a. Novel, original, innovative
b. Rare, peculiar, uncommon
c. Varied, assorted, diverse
d. Adaptable, versatile, pliant
e. None all above
6. Based on information in the passage, it can
be understood that environmentalists most
likely decided to help the villagers gain
access to healthcare because …….
a. Learning that so many children were
dying made environmentalists realize
that saving lives is more important than
saving the lake
b. Helping to address the villagers’ most
pressing problem could encourage the
villagers to help preserve the
environment
c. Saving the villagers’ lives would
directly result in less overfishing of the
lake and less destruction of the
surrounding forests
d. Offering healthcare could be a way for
the environmentalists to live in the
community and provide a valuable
service.
e. No information stated.
7. The information presented in this passage
can best be described as ……..
a. A problem and a solution
b. A question with two answers
c. An analysis of underlying causes
d. An explanation of a relationship
e. None all above
FOKUS – HEBAT – JUARA
Passage 2 (for questions no. 8 – 17)
One of the greatest concerns of landscapers is tree
disease. Ash trees are among the most common
trees in North America, and they are also very
susceptible to disease and decline.
One cause of decline in ash trees is ash yellows.
This disease infects mainly white and green ash in
the Northern United States. Ash yellow is caused
by a phytoplasma: virus – like pathogens that are
spread by insects. Ash yellows leads to a gradual
decline in tree health for about two to ten years
before the tree dies. Some common symptoms
include short internodes and tufting of foliage at
branch ends, pale green or pale - yellow leaves,
defoliation, and a sparse canopy. Cankers may also
form on the branches and trunk.
Unsightly “witches’ broom” sprouts might appear
on the branches, but it is more common for them to
appear on the trunk. The trunk may also develop
cracks if the tree is infected with ash yellows.
Rarely does an ash tree recover from ash yellows.
Experts guess that this disease is more common
than most homeowners realize because witches’
brooms and yellowing are not always visible on the
infected trees. Sometimes cankers and cracks are
the only signs of the disease. The term ash decline
is used to refer to a tree with more than one
condition. Ash decline may involve the ash yellows
disease or another problem called verticillium wilt.
Ash decline is often used to describe any decline in
health that is unexplainable. Ash decline involves
branch tip death, defoliation, and a slow decline
over a number of years. Trees with ash decline may
appear to recover in the spring and decline again in
July and August. Verticillium wilt on ash can also
result in cankers and dieback similar to ash yellow.
Trying to diagnose a tree is difficult because
symptoms could be caused by a variety of
problems. Sick ash trees may suffer from
verticillium wilt, ash yellows, environmental
stress, or a combination of these ailments. Ash
yellows has been a known disease in the United
States since the 1930s. however, the disease was
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 BIDANG : Bahasa Inggris SMA
not distinguished from general ash decline
involving environmental factors until the 1980s. in
the last eighty years, North America has been a
significant decline in some of its ash trees.
No single factor has been proven to cause ash
decline. Ash yellows and environmental factors
may work together to create ash decline. Studies
show that ash yellows is often detected where
environmental factors like water shortage or insect
damage are present.
A survey of several Mildwestern states found that
some ash decline was found to be independent of
ash yellows. The droughts in the 1980s may have
caused the decline of ash trees in the Midwest. Cold
winter temperatures may also play a role in decline.
Ash trees are important in the ecology of North
American forests. The decline of these trees may
have a severe impact on the health of other plant
and animal communities. Green ash provides
nesting sites for several species of birds and other
wild creatures.
Insects and fish flourish in the cool waters made
possibly by the shade of ash trees. Green and white
ash are also very popular in landscaping. Their
decline could result in reduced property values.
Ash trees also represent a valuable hardwood
resource. An estimated 275 million feet of ash
lumber is harvested annually. In the Northeastern
United States, about 33 percent of the commercial
forest area includes ash trees. There are no known
cures for the diseases mentioned. Experts
recommend removing very sick trees while
keeping healthy trees well - watered and fertilized.
Dead limbs should also be removed to maintain the
health of ash trees.
8. According to the passage, many scientists
feel that most ash decline is likely caused:
a. Almost exclusively by ash yellows
b. By a combination of disease and
environmental factors
c. By improper watering and fertilization
by homeowners
d. By a combination of ash yellows and
verticillium wilt only
e. None all above
FOKUS – HEBAT – JUARA
9. The passage likens verticillium wilt to ash
yellows in that:
a. Both diseases share the symptoms of
cankers and dieback
b. Verticillium is likely to be a cause of
ash yellows in white and green ash
trees.
c. Poor watering and fertilization
techniques can cause verticillium wilt
and ash yellows
d. Verticillium wilt and ash yellows were
discovered around the same time period
and kill a similar number of trees
e. None all above
10. The difficulty in diagnosing disease in an
ash tree is due to all of the following
EXCEPT:
a. similar diseases that have similar
symptoms
b. some ash trees in decline may be
unhealthy due to environmental
conditions rather than diseases.
c. More than one factor could be
contributing to an ash tree’s decline
d. Sick ash trees are difficult to test
because they decline so rapidly
e. None all above
11. The passage states that ash yellows is
caused by:
a. Insufficient water
b. Virus – like pathogens
c. Insects that eat or destroy the leaves of
the ash trees
d. Cankers, witches’ brooming, and
cracking in the tree trunk
e. None all above
12. According to the passage, the author
believes that:
a. Landscapers should never use ash trees
in landscaping designs’
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BIDANG : Bahasa Inggris SMA
b. Ash trees are the most important tree in
North America
c. Ash trees are important because they
can provide a home for some wildlife
d. Ash trees are essential to ecosystems
because they lock in heat from the sun
to warm shady forests
e. None all above
13. According to the passage, which of the
following is an argument for NOT blaming
ash decline solely on ash yellows?
a. Most of ash decline is caused by
verticillium wilt, not ash yellows
b. A study cited in the passage proves that
only environmental factors have
impacted ash decline in recent years,
c. A study mentioned in the passage
shows that drought and weather may
contribute to ash decline
d. Verticillium wilt, ash yellows and
environmental conditions all contribute
to ash decline equally
e. None all above
14. As it is used in the passage, the word
“flourish” most nearly means:
a. Decorate
b. Prosper
c. Decline
d. Swim
e. bloom
15. the author would likely agree with which of
the following statements?
a. It is important for research to continue
into a cure for ash yellows
b. Ash yellows is not worthy of continued
scientific research
c. All ash trees in North America will need
to be destroyed to stop the spread of
disease
d. Ash trees are not significant to the good
health of plant and animal communities
e. None all above
FOKUS – HEBAT – JUARA
16. According to the passage, what is NOT a
characteristic of the disease ash yellows?
a. The pathogens that cause the disease are
spread by insects
b. It causes a gradual decline in the tree’s
health
c. Its symptoms include a sparse canopy
and defoliation
d. It turns the leaves of ash trees bright
yellow.
e. None all above.
17. Which of the following are accurate
statements about the ash trees, according to
the passage?
I: ash trees with ash yellows diseases are
easily cured
II: ash trees infected with ash yellows
usually die after having the disease for two
to ten years.
III: ash trees infected with ash yellows do
not usually recover
IV: ash trees infected with ash yellows
sometimes appear to recover in the spring.
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. II and III only
c. I and IV only
d. II, III and IV only
e. None all above
Passage 3 (for questions no. 18 – 22)
Fog occurs when damp air above the surface of
the earth is cooled to the point at which it
condenses. Of the two types of fog, advection fog
occurs along the ocean coast or near rivers or
lakes. This type of fast – moving fog, which may
cover vast areas, occurs when warm winds blow
across a cold surface of land or water. In this
collision of heat and cold, the warm air is cooled
to the point at which the water vapor condenses
into fog. Radiation fog, quite different from
advection fog, is immobile cloud – like moisture
generally found hovering over wintertime
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BIDANG : Bahasa Inggris SMA
valleys. It occurs on clear nights when the earth’s
warmth escapes into the upper atmosphere.
18. According to the passage, fog is found
when wetness in the air is ‘
a. Vaporized
b. Cooled
c. Dampened
d. Heated
e. Casted away
19. In the passage, radiation fog is said to be
a. Similar to advection fog
b. Found in coastal areas’
c. Fast – moving
d. Trapped moisture hanging over inland
valleys
e. None all above’
20. According to the passage, which of the
following statements about fog is true?
a. Advection fog is caused when cold
winds blow across a heated land surface
b. Advection fog is the type of fog that
occurs in small valleys on clear nights’
c. Radiation fog occurs when the cooled
atmosphere meets with heat from the
earth
d. Radiation fog generally moves quickly
across vast areas of land.
e. None all above
21. According to the passage, advection fog is
found …
a. In valleys
b. In the ocean
c. Near bodies of water
d. Only in small, enclosed areas
e. None all above
22. The author’s purpose in this passage is to
a. Explain the different types of fog
b. Describe where different types of fog
are found
FOKUS – HEBAT – JUARA
c. Discuss advection fog
d. Gives a scientific description of varied
types of precipitation
e. None all above
Passage 4 (for questions no. 23 – 34)
Atmospheric pressure can support a column of
water up to 10 meters high. But plants can move
water much higher, the sequoia tree can pump
water to its very top, more than 100 meters above
the ground. Until the end of the nineteenth century,
the movement of water in trees and other tall plants
was a mystery. Some botanists demostrated that
the living cells of plants in which all the cells are
killed can still move water to appreciable heights.
Other explanations for the movement of water in
plants have been based on root pressure, a push on
the water from the roots at the bottom of the plant.
But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push
water to the tops of tall trees. Furthermore, the
conifers, which are among the tallest trees, have
unusually low root pressures.
If water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and
if it is not pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we
may ask, how does it get there? According to the
currently accepted cohesion – tension theory, water
is pulled there. The pull on a rising column of water
in a plant results from the evaporation of water at
the top of the plant. As water is lost from the
surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or
tension, is created. The evaporated water is
replaced by water moving from inside the plant in
unbroken columns that extend from the top of a
plant to its roots. The same forces that create
surface tension in any sample of water are
responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken
columns of water. When water is confined in tubes
of very small bore, the forces of cohesion (the
attraction between water molecules) are so great
that the strength of a column of water compares
with the strength of a stell wire of the same
diameter. This cohesive strength permits columns
of water to be pulled to great heights without being
broken.
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28. Which of the following statement does the

23. How many theories does an author passage support?
mention? a. Water is pushed to the tops of trees
a. One b. Botanists have proven that living cells
b. Two act as pumps
c. Three c. Atmospheric pressure draws water to
d. Four the tops of tall trees
e. Five d. Botanists have changed their theories of
24. The passage answers which of the how water moves in plants
following questions? e. None all above
a. What is the effect of atmospheric
pressure on foliage? 29. The word “it” in the passage refers to …
b. When do dead cells harm plant growth? a. Top
c. How does water get to the tops of trees? b. Tree
d. Why is root pressure weak? c. Water
e. None all above d. Cohesion – tension theory
e. None all above
25. The word ‘demonstrated’ in the passage is
closest in meaning to 30. The word “there” in the passage refers to …
a. Ignored a. Treetops
b. Showed b. Roots
c. Disguised c. Water columns
d. Distinguished d. Tubes
e. Differentiated e. Water tensions

26. What do the experiments mentioned in 31. What causes the tension that draws water
italicised sentences in the passage? up?
a. Plant stems die when deprived water a. Humidity
b. Cells in plant stems do not pump water b. Plant growth
c. Plants cannot move water to high c. Root pressure
altitudes d. Evaporation
d. Plant cells regulate pressure within e. Nature attracts
stems
e. None all above 32. The word “extend” in the passage is closest
in meaning to
27. How do botanists know that root pressure is a. Stretch
not the only force that moves water in b. Branch
plants? c. Increase
a. Some very tall trees have weak root d. Rotate
pressure e. Move
b. Root pressures decrease in winter
c. Plants can live after their roots die 33. According to the passage, why does the
d. Water in plant’s roots is not connected water travel through plants in unbroken
to water in its stem. columns?
e. None all above a. Root pressure moves the water very
rapidly ‘

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b. The attraction between water molecules
in strong
c. The living cells of plants push the water
molecules together
d. Atmospheric pressure supports the
columns.
e. None all above.
34. Why does the author mention steel wire in
the text?
a. To illustrate another means of pulling
water
b. To demonstrate why wood is a good
building material
c. To indicate the size of a column of
water
d. To emphasize the strength of cohesive
forces in water
e. None all above.
Find the mistakes!
Choose the word which is grammatically incorrect!
This part is for questions no. 35 – 55.
35. Equipment (a) failures or malfunctions (b)
caused by defects in workmanship or power
surges disrupts (c) local service of electric
power (d) no error (e)
36. Professor Al Rowland’s pioneering study,
which (a) proves that the men who were
exposed to atomic blasts developed (b)
serious genetic damages, have been (c)
drawing media attention (d). no error
37. An increasing number of women want (a)
to fitter (b), but few have (b) the
determination for sticking (c) to an
appropriate (d) regimen of diet and
exercise. No error (e).
38. In some religious (a), people pray or reads
(b) religious texts before and after eating
(d). no error (e).
FOKUS – HEBAT – JUARA
39. Since the time the former revolutionary
leader took up (a) a new position as (b) the
president of the country, he has been
concerning (c) about the legitimacy of his
(d) presidency. No error (e).
40. Mr. Cook has admitted that him (a)
borrowing (b) is worse (c) than he
previously thought (d). no error (e).
41. Physicians believe what (a) lack of sleep
affects (b) how one retains (c) information
(d) no error (E).
42. Approximately two – thirds (a) of the
earth’s surface (b) is (c) covered by body of
seawater that is interconnected (d). no error
(e).
43. Economics (a) are not (b) a formal method
(c) of representational argument because
immutable laws are involved (d). no error
(e).
44. Learning to sing acceptably (a) is (b) more
difficult (c) than to dance adequately
enough (d). no error (e).
45. The new secretary ordered (a) three trays of
foods (b) for the first meeting (c) of the task
force (d). no error
46. Azaleas are sweetly smelling (a) flowers
that blossom (b) between (c) February
and(d) June. No error (E)
47. Despite (a) his slow start, Rafael Nadal is
the player whom (b) we think is (c) most
likely to win (d) the Wimbledon crown. No
error (e).
48. Blocks (a) from the (b) stadium, we could
hear (c) the people to cheer (d). no error (E)
49. West Virginia spends more money than any
state (a) in the nation when it comes to
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BIDANG : Bahasa Inggris SMA

medical care (b), veteran compensation,

and (c) other outlays (d). no error (e)

50. If you are interested (a) in learning (b) more

about the four – step behavioural approach,
one should read (c) Jeffrey Schwartz’s (d)
book.

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FOKUS – HEBAT – JUARA
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PEMBAHASAN

FOKUS – HEBAT – JUARA Page 1 of 12

 BIDANG : Bahasa Inggris SMA

PEMBAHASAN SOAL deforestation and their own role in the dwindling

fish population , and protecting areas of the lake
LATIHAN PAKET 1 where fish spawn. Since natural resources can be
the tool by which the people of Tanzania work
Read the following sentences and answer the
themselves out of poverty, it is essential that these
questions below!
resources are managed well. By integrating health
services with conservation activity, we can begin to
Passage 1 (for questions no. 1 – 7)
heal the suffering in western Tanzania, for people
and the land alike.
Protecting Lake Tanganyika

Hidden away in the mountains of western Tanzania

1. In paragraph 1, the author asks, “how can
is one of the largest lakes in the world: Lake
we expect people who cannot save their
Tanganyika. Environmentalists want to protect the
own children to care about saving the
beauty and biological diversity of this area from the
environment?” this question suggests that
harmful effects of overfishing and deforestation.
worrying about the environment is a/an
However, in order to do this, they need the
………………….
cooperation of people in the nearby village of
a. Luxury
Mahale. In this impoverished community, malaria
b. Outrage
and typhoid are rampant, there is little access to
c. Mistake
doctors, and 13% of children die before age 5. How
d. Misunderstanding
can we expect people who cannot save their own
e. None all above
children to care about saving the environment?
Jawaban: A
While it is true that the Mahale villagers are
Pembahasan: dari teks: In this
suffering, environmentalists argue that Lake
impoverished community, malaria and
Tanganyika is in an equally critical condition. This
typhoid are rampant, there is little
lake is home to hundreds of fish species found
access to doctors, and 13% of children
nowhere else on the globe. Eighty mammal species
die before age 5. How can we expect
live in the surrounding forests and mountains.
people who cannot save their own
Ninety percent of Tanzania’s endangered
children to care about saving the
chimpanzees reside in this area. Irreparable damage
environment? Dari sini dapat
to this ecosystem will result in untold losses.
disimpulkan bahwa menjaga
Furthermore, environmentalists see the destruction
lingkungan itu adalah suatu hal yang
of the environment as a direct function of the
mahal.
villagers’poverty; as the fish population decreases,
people are forced to clear more land to grow rice
2. As used in paragraph 1, which is the best
and corn. As they clear more land, the soil run – off
antonym for rampant?
from deforestation further reduces the fish
a. Safe
population, making it even more difficult for
b. Calm
people to survive on fishing alone. This vicious
c. Motionless
cycle harms both the Mahale villagers and the
d. Limited
environment.
e. None all above
To meet their objective of protecting Lake
Jawaban: D
Tanganyika, environmentalists are now using a
Pembahasan: rampant: tidak dapat
multifaceted approach in Mahale: helping the
terkendali. Yang merupakan lawan kata
villagers gain access to healthcare, educating
dari kata tersebut adalah:
fishermen and farmers about the impact of
- Safe = aman

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BIDANG : Bahasa Inggris SMA
- Calm = tenang
- Motionless = diam
- Limited = terbatas
3. According to the passage, what percentage
of Tanzania’s endangered chimpanzees live
in the forests surrounding Lake
Tanganyika?
a. 5
b. 13
c. 80
d. 90
e. 100
Jawaban: D
Pembahasan: Ninety percent of
Tanzania’s endangered chimpanzees
reside in this area. Irreparable damage
4. The author concludes that in western
Tanzania, the problems of poverty and
environmental destruction are
a. Identical
b. Unsolvable
c. Connected
d. Opposed
e. None all above
Jawaban: C
Pembahasan: dari teks: Furthermore,
environmentalists see the destruction of
the environment as a direct function of
the villagers’ poverty;
5. Based on its use in the final paragraph, it
can be understood that multifaceted
belongs to which of the following word
groups?
a. Novel, original, innovative
b. Rare, peculiar, uncommon
c. Varied, assorted, diverse
d. Adaptable, versatile, pliant
e. None all above
Jawaban: C
Pembahasan: environmentalists are
now using a multifaceted approach in
Mahale: helping the villagers gain
access to healthcare, educating
fishermen and farmers about the impact
FOKUS – HEBAT – JUARA
of deforestation and their own role in
the dwindling fish population , and
protecting areas of the lake where fish
spawn.
6. Based on information in the passage, it can
be understood that environmentalists most
likely decided to help the villagers gain
access to healthcare because …….
a. Learning that so many children were
dying made environmentalists realize
that saving lives is more important than
saving the lake
b. Helping to address the villagers’ most
pressing problem could encourage the
villagers to help preserve the
environment
c. Saving the villagers’ lives would
directly result in less overfishing of the
lake and less destruction of the
surrounding forests
d. Offering healthcare could be a way for
the environmentalists to live in the
community and provide a valuable
service.
e. No information stated.
Jawaban: B
Pembahasan: Since natural resources
can be the tool by which the people of
Tanzania work themselves out of
poverty, it is essential that these
resources are managed well.
7. The information presented in this passage
can best be described as ……..
a. A problem and a solution
b. A question with two answers
c. An analysis of underlying causes
d. An explanation of a relationship
e. None all above
Jawaban: A
Pembahasan: dari teks dapat dilihat
bahwa di paragraph 1 -3 penulis
mengutarakan masalah tentang
kerusakan lingkungan yang disebabkan
oleh masyarakat yang kurang sadar
akan pentingnya menjaga lingkungan,
lalu di paragraph berikutnya sampai
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 BIDANG : Bahasa Inggris SMA
selesai, penulis menyajikan solusi
untuk permasalahan tersebut.
Passage 2 (for questions no. 8 – 17)
One of the greatest concerns of landscapers is tree
disease. Ash trees are among the most common
trees in North America, and they are also very
susceptible to disease and decline.
One cause of decline in ash trees is ash yellows.
This disease infects mainly white and green ash in
the Northern United States. Ash yellow is caused
by a phytoplasma: virus – like pathogens that are
spread by insects. Ash yellows leads to a gradual
decline in tree health for about two to ten years
before the tree dies. Some common symptoms
include short internodes and tufting of foliage at
branch ends, pale green or pale - yellow leaves,
defoliation, and a sparse canopy. Cankers may also
form on the branches and trunk.
Unsightly “witches’ broom” sprouts might appear
on the branches, but it is more common for them to
appear on the trunk. The trunk may also develop
cracks if the tree is infected with ash yellows.
Rarely does an ash tree recover from ash yellows.
Experts guess that this disease is more common
than most homeowners realize because witches’
brooms and yellowing are not always visible on the
infected trees. Sometimes cankers and cracks are
the only signs of the disease. The term ash decline
is used to refer to a tree with more than one
condition. Ash decline may involve the ash yellows
disease or another problem called verticillium wilt.
Ash decline is often used to describe any decline in
health that is unexplainable. Ash decline involves
branch tip death, defoliation, and a slow decline
over a number of years. Trees with ash decline may
appear to recover in the spring and decline again in
July and August. Verticillium wilt on ash can also
result in cankers and dieback similar to ash yellow.
Trying to diagnose a tree is difficult because
symptoms could be caused by a variety of
problems. Sick ash trees may suffer from
verticillium wilt, ash yellows, environmental
stress, or a combination of these ailments. Ash
yellows has been a known disease in the United
FOKUS – HEBAT – JUARA
States since the 1930s. however, the disease was
not distinguished from general ash decline
involving environmental factors until the 1980s. in
the last eighty years, North America has been a
significant decline in some of its ash trees.
No single factor has been proven to cause ash
decline. Ash yellows and environmental factors
may work together to create ash decline. Studies
show that ash yellows is often detected where
environmental factors like water shortage or insect
damage are present.
A survey of several Mildwestern states found that
some ash decline was found to be independent of
ash yellows. The droughts in the 1980s may have
caused the decline of ash trees in the Midwest. Cold
winter temperatures may also play a role in decline.
Ash trees are important in the ecology of North
American forests. The decline of these trees may
have a severe impact on the health of other plant
and animal communities. Green ash provides
nesting sites for several species of birds and other
wild creatures.
Insects and fish flourish in the cool waters made
possibly by the shade of ash trees. Green and white
ash are also very popular in landscaping. Their
decline could result in reduced property values.
Ash trees also represent a valuable hardwood
resource. An estimated 275 million feet of ash
lumber is harvested annually. In the Northeastern
United States, about 33 percent of the commercial
forest area includes ash trees. There are no known
cures for the diseases mentioned. Experts
recommend removing very sick trees while
keeping healthy trees well - watered and fertilized.
Dead limbs should also be removed to maintain the
health of ash trees.
8. According to the passage, many scientists
feel that most ash decline is likely caused:
a. Almost exclusively by ash yellows
b. By a combination of disease and
environmental factors
c. By improper watering and fertilization
by homeowners
d. By a combination of ash yellows and
verticillium wilt only
e. None all above
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BIDANG : Bahasa Inggris SMA
Jawaban: B
Pembahasan: dari teks: No single factor
has been proven to cause ash decline.
Ash yellows and environmental factors
may work together to create ash decline.
9. The passage likens verticillium wilt to ash
yellows in that:
a. Both diseases share the symptoms of
cankers and dieback
b. Verticillium is likely to be a cause of
ash yellows in white and green ash
trees.
c. Poor watering and fertilization
techniques can cause verticillium wilt
and ash yellows
d. Verticillium wilt and ash yellows were
discovered around the same time period
and kill a similar number of trees
e. None all above
Jawaban: A
Pembahasan: dari teks: Verticillium
wilt on ash can also result in cankers
and dieback similar to ash yellow.
10. The difficulty in diagnosing disease in an
ash tree is due to all of the following
EXCEPT:
a. similar diseases that have similar
symptoms
b. some ash trees in decline may be
unhealthy due to environmental
conditions rather than diseases.
c. More than one factor could be
contributing to an ash tree’s decline
d. Sick ash trees are difficult to test
because they decline so rapidly
e. None all above
Jawaban: D
Pembahasan: dari teks: Trying to
diagnose a tree is difficult because
symptoms could be caused by a variety
of problems. Sick ash trees may suffer
from verticillium wilt, ash yellows,
environmental stress, or a combination
of these ailments.
FOKUS – HEBAT – JUARA
11. The passage states that ash yellows is
caused by:
a. Insufficient water
b. Virus – like pathogens
c. Insects that eat or destroy the leaves of
the ash trees
d. Cankers, witches’ brooming, and
cracking in the tree trunk
e. None all above
Jawaban: B
Pembahasan: dari teks: Ash yellow is
caused by a phytoplasma: virus – like
pathogens that are spread by insects.
12. According to the passage, the author
believes that:
a. Landscapers should never use ash trees
in landscaping designs’
b. Ash trees are the most important tree in
North America
c. Ash trees are important because they
can provide a home for some wildlife
d. Ash trees are essential to ecosystems
because they lock in heat from the sun
to warm shady forests
e. None all above
Jawaban: C
Pembahasan: The decline of these trees
may have a severe impact on the health
of other plant and animal communities.
Green ash provides nesting sites for
several species of birds and other wild
creatures. Insects and fish flourish in
the cool waters made possibly by the
shade of ash trees.
13. According to the passage, which of the
following is an argument for NOT blaming
ash decline solely on ash yellows?
a. Most of ash decline is caused by
verticillium wilt, not ash yellows
b. A study cited in the passage proves that
only environmental factors have
impacted ash decline in recent years,
Page 5 of 12
BIDANG : Bahasa Inggris SMA
c. A study mentioned in the passage
shows that drought and weather may
contribute to ash decline
d. Verticillium wilt, ash yellows and
environmental conditions all contribute
to ash decline equally
e. None all above
Jawaban: C
Pembahasan: dari teks: A survey of
several Mildwestern states found that
some ash decline was found to be
independent of ash yellows. The
droughts in the 1980s may have caused
the decline of ash trees in the Midwest.
14. As it is used in the passage, the word
“flourish” most nearly means:
a. Decorate
b. Prosper
c. Decline
d. Swim
e. bloom
Jawaban: B
Pembahasan: flourish artinya tumbuh
dengan subur. Yang memiliki arti yang
sama adalah:
a. menghiasi
b. tumbuh subur
c. menurun
d. berenang
e. mekar
15. the author would likely agree with which of
the following statements?
a. It is important for research to continue
into a cure for ash yellows
b. Ash yellows is not worthy of continued
scientific research
c. All ash trees in North America will need
to be destroyed to stop the spread of
disease
d. Ash trees are not significant to the good
health of plant and animal communities
e. None all above
Jawaban: A
Pembahasan: dari teks dinyatakan
bahwa ash trees itu sangatlah penting,
FOKUS – HEBAT – JUARA
maka dikarenakan belum ada
ditemukan pencegahan/ obat untuk
mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, dapat
disimpulkan bahwa penting bagi
peneliti untuk melanjutkan penelitian
untuk bisa mengobati ash trees.
16. According to the passage, what is NOT a
characteristic of the disease ash yellows?
a. The pathogens that cause the disease are
spread by insects
b. It causes a gradual decline in the tree’s
health
c. Its symptoms include a sparse canopy
and defoliation
d. It turns the leaves of ash trees bright
yellow.
e. None all above.
Jawaban: D
Pembahasan: dari teks: Ash yellow is
caused by a phytoplasma: virus – like
pathogens that are spread by insects.
Ash yellows leads to a gradual decline
in tree health for about two to ten years
before the tree dies. Some common
symptoms include short internodes and
tufting of foliage at branch ends, pale
green or pale - yellow leaves,
defoliation, and a sparse canopy.
17. Which of the following are accurate
statements about the ash trees, according to
the passage?
I: ash trees with ash yellows diseases are
easily cured
II: ash trees infected with ash yellows
usually die after having the disease for two
to ten years.
III: ash trees infected with ash yellows do
not usually recover
IV: ash trees infected with ash yellows
sometimes appear to recover in the spring.
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. II and III only
c. I and IV only
d. II, III and IV only
e. None all above
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BIDANG : Bahasa Inggris SMA
Jawaban: D
Pembahasan: statement II benar karena
ditemukan dalam teks : Ash yellows leads
to a gradual decline in tree health for about
two to ten years before the tree dies.
Statement III benar karena diteks
dinyatakan “Rarely does an ash tree recover
from ash yellows.”
Statement IV benar karena diteks
dinyatakan: Trees with ash decline may
appear to recover in the spring and decline
again in July and August. Maka, yang tidak
dinyatakan diteks adalah statement I karena
diteks dinyatakan bahwa “. There are no
known cures for the diseases mentioned.”
Passage 3 (for questions no. 18 – 22)
Fog occurs when damp air above the
surface of the earth is cooled to the point at
which it condenses. Of the two types of fog,
advection fog occurs along the ocean coast
or near rivers or lakes. This type of fast –
moving fog, which may cover vast areas,
occurs when warm winds blow across a
cold surface of land or water. In this
collision of heat and cold, the warm air is
cooled to the point at which the water vapor
condenses into fog. Radiation fog, quite
different from advection fog, is immobile
cloud – like moisture generally found
hovering over wintertime valleys. It occurs
on clear nights when the earth’s warmth
escapes into the upper atmosphere.
18. According to the passage, fog is found
when wetness in the air is ‘
a. Vaporized
b. Cooled
c. Dampened
d. Heated
e. Casted away
Jawaban: B
Pembahasan: dari teks: Fog occurs
when damp air above the surface of the
FOKUS – HEBAT – JUARA
earth is cooled to the point at which it
condenses.
19. In the passage, radiation fog is said to be
a. Similar to advection fog
b. Found in coastal areas’
c. Fast – moving
d. Trapped moisture hanging over inland
valleys
e. None all above’
Jawaban: D
Pembahasan: dari teks: Radiation fog,
quite different from advection fog, is
immobile cloud – like moisture
generally found hovering over
wintertime valleys.
20. According to the passage, which of the
following statements about fog is true?
a. Advection fog is caused when cold
winds blow across a heated land surface
b. Advection fog is the type of fog that
occurs in small valleys on clear nights’
c. Radiation fog occurs when the cooled
atmosphere meets with heat from the
earth
d. Radiation fog generally moves quickly
across vast areas of land.
e. None all above
Jawaban: C
Pembahasan: pilihan A salah karena:
advection fog occurs along the ocean
coast or near rivers or lakes. This type
of fast – moving fog, which may cover
vast areas, occurs when warm winds
blow across a cold surface of land or
water.
Pilihan B salah karena advection fog
occurs along the ocean coast or near
rivers or lakes.
Pilihan D salah karena “Radiation fog,
quite different from advection fog, is
immobile cloud.
Pilihan C benar karena It occurs on
clear nights when the earth’s warmth
escapes into the upper atmosphere.
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 BIDANG : Bahasa Inggris SMA
21. According to the passage, advection fog is
found …
a. In valleys
b. In the ocean
c. Near bodies of water
d. Only in small, enclosed areas
e. None all above
Jawaban: C
Pembahasan: advection fog occurs
along the ocean coast or near rivers or
lakes.
22. The author’s purpose in this passage is to
a. Explain the different types of fog
b. Describe where different types of fog
are found
c. Discuss advection fog
d. Gives a scientific description of varied
types of precipitation
e. None all above
Jawaban: A
Pembahasan: dalam teks ini, penulis
ingin menjelaskan perbedaan antara 2
jenis fog yaitu advection fog dan
radiation fog.
Passage 4 (for questions no. 23 – 34)
Atmospheric pressure can support a column of
water up to 10 meters high. But plants can move
water much higher, the sequoia tree can pump
water to its very top, more than 100 meters above
the ground. Until the end of the nineteenth century,
the movement of water in trees and other tall plants
was a mystery. Some botanists demostrated that
the living cells of plants in which all the cells are
killed can still move water to appreciable heights.
Other explanations for the movement of water in
plants have been based on root pressure, a push on
the water from the roots at the bottom of the plant.
But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push
water to the tops of tall trees. Furthermore, the
conifers, which are among the tallest trees, have
unusually low root pressures.
FOKUS – HEBAT – JUARA
If water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and
if it is not pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we
may ask, how does it get there? According to the
currently accepted cohesion – tension theory, water
is pulled there. The pull on a rising column of water
in a plant results from the evaporation of water at
the top of the plant. As water is lost from the
surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or
tension, is created. The evaporated water is
replaced by water moving from inside the plant in
unbroken columns that extend from the top of a
plant to its roots. The same forces that create
surface tension in any sample of water are
responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken
columns of water. When water is confined in tubes
of very small bore, the forces of cohesion (the
attraction between water molecules) are so great
that the strength of a column of water compares
with the strength of a stell wire of the same
diameter. This cohesive strength permits columns
of water to be pulled to great heights without being
broken.
23. How many theories does an author
mention?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
e. Five
Jawaban: C
Pembahasan: 1. Some botanists …, 2.
Other explanations for the movement of
water ….., 3. According to the currently
accepted cohesion – tension theory,
24. The passage answers which of the
following questions?
a. What is the effect of atmospheric
pressure on foliage?
b. When do dead cells harm plant growth?
c. How does water get to the tops of trees?
d. Why is root pressure weak?
e. None all above
Jawaban: C
Pembahasan: teks diatas membahas
tentang bagaimana air bisa sampai ke
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BIDANG : Bahasa Inggris SMA

seluruh tanaman (toptree). Maka, d. Water in plant’s roots is not connected

pertanyaan yang tepat untuk jawaban to water in its stem.
tersebut adalah C (bagaimana air bisa e. None all above
sampai ke bagian teratas dari sebuah Jawaban: A
pohon?) Pembahasan: dari teks: Furthermore,
the conifers, which are among the
25. The word ‘demonstrated’ in the passage is tallest trees, have unusually low root
closest in meaning to pressures.
a. Ignored
b. Showed 28. Which of the following statement does the
c. Disguised passage support?
d. Distinguished a. Water is pushed to the tops of trees
e. Differentiated b. Botanists have proven that living cells
Jawaban: B act as pumps
Pembahasan: demonstrated artinya c. Atmospheric pressure draws water to
menunjukkan, maka pilihan yang tepat the tops of tall trees
yang bersinonim dengan kata tersebut d. Botanists have changed their theories of
adalah: a. mengabaikan how water moves in plants
b. menunjukkan e. None all above
c. menyamar Jawaban: D
d. membedakan Pembahasan: dari teks dapat
e. membedakan disimpulkan sebelumnya para ahli
berpendapat bahwa sel yang
26. What do the experiments mentioned in mengalirkan air dari akar ke bagian
italicised sentences in the passage? teratas tanaman berubah pendapat
a. Plant stems die when deprived water bahwa ada satu yang bisa melakukan
b. Cells in plant stems do not pump water hal yang sama yaitu evaporation.
c. Plants cannot move water to high
altitudes 29. The word “it” in the passage refers to …
d. Plant cells regulate pressure within a. Top
stems b. Tree
e. None all above c. Water
Jawaban: B d. Cohesion – tension theory
Pembahasan: cells of plants in which all e. None all above
the cells are killed can still move water Jawaban: C
to appreciable heights. Jadi, dapat Pembahasan: If water is not pumped to
disimpulkan bahwa sel- sel pada the top of a tall tree, and if it is not
tanaman bukan memompa, melainkan pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we
mengalirkan air. may ask, how does it get there.

27. How do botanists know that root pressure is 30. The word “there” in the passage refers to …
not the only force that moves water in a. Treetops
plants? b. Roots
a. Some very tall trees have weak root c. Water columns
pressure d. Tubes
b. Root pressures decrease in winter e. Water tensions
c. Plants can live after their roots die Jawaban: A

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BIDANG : Bahasa Inggris SMA

Pembahasan: If water is not pumped to d. Atmospheric pressure supports the

the top of a tall tree, and if it is not columns.
pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we e. None all above.
may ask, how does it get there. Jawaban: B
Pembahasan: dari teks: The same forces
31. What causes the tension that draws water that create surface tension in any
up? sample of water are responsible for the
a. Humidity maintenance of these unbroken
b. Plant growth columns of water. When water is
c. Root pressure confined in tubes of very small bore, the
d. Evaporation forces of cohesion (the attraction
e. Nature attracts between water molecules) are so great.
Jawaban: D
Pembahasan: The pull on a rising 34. Why does the author mention steel wire in
column of water in a plant results from the text?
the evaporation of water at the top of the a. To illustrate another means of pulling
plant. water
b. To demonstrate why wood is a good
32. The word “extend” in the passage is closest building material
in meaning to c. To indicate the size of a column of
a. Stretch water
b. Branch d. To emphasize the strength of cohesive
c. Increase forces in water
d. Rotate e. None all above.
e. Move Jawaban: D
Jawaban: A Pembahasan: dari teks: are so great that
Pembahasan: unbroken columns that the strength of a column of water
extend from the top of a plant to its compares with the strength of a stell
roots. Kata extends dikalimat ini artinya wire of the same diameter. This
terbentang / berada. Maka, yang cohesive strength permits columns of
memiliki sinonim dengan kata extend water. Dari teks dapat disimpulkan
adalah: bahwa steel wire memiliki kekuatan
a. Terbentang yang kuat sama dengan kekuatan
b. Cabang desakan air.
c. Meningkatkan
d. Berputar
e. Bergerak Find the mistakes!
Choose the word which is grammatically incorrect!
33. According to the passage, why does the
water travel through plants in unbroken 35. Equipment (a) failures or malfunctions (b)
columns? caused by defects in workmanship or power
a. Root pressure moves the water very surges disrupts (c) local service of electric
rapidly ‘ power (d) no error (e )
b. The attraction between water molecules Jawaban: C
in strong Pembahasan: disrupts seharusnya diubah
c. The living cells of plants push the water menjadi disrupt karena mengacu pada kata
molecules together failurs / malfunctions (plural noun). Maka,

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BIDANG : Bahasa Inggris SMA
kata gantinya adalah they. Dalam present
tense, jika subjek they, maka diikuti dengan
V1.
36. Professor Al Rowland’s pioneering study,
which (a) proves that the men who were
exposed to atomic blasts developed (b)
serious genetic damages, have been (c)
drawing media attention (d). no error
Jawaban: C
Pembahasan: have been seharusnya diubah
menjadi has been karena yang menjadi
acuan adalah pioneering study (pronoun =
it). Maka, dalam present perfect tense, it +
has been.
37. An increasing number of women want (a)
to fitter (b), but few have (b) the
determination for sticking (c) to an
appropriate (d) regimen of diet and
exercise. No error (e).
Jawaban: C
Pembahasan: for sticking seharusnya
diubah menjadi to stick, karena sebelumnya
sudah ada kata kerja “have determintation”,
maka setelahnya diberikan preposisi ‘to”
kemudian V1.
38. In some religious (a), people pray or reads
(b) religious texts before and after eating
(d). no error (e).
Jawaban: B
Pembahasan: reads ➔ read karena subjek
kalimat adalah people (plural noun) dimana
dalam present tense: they + v1.
39. Since the time the former revolutionary
leader took up (a) a new position as (b) the
president of the country, he has been
concerning (c) about the legitimacy of his
(d) presidency. No error (e).
Jawaban: C
Pembahasan: concerning ➔ concerned
about karena yang menjadi subject kalimat
adalah orang (he), maka setelahnya diikuti
seharusnya diikuti oleh adjective, maka
Ving diubah menjadi V3 (past participle).
FOKUS – HEBAT – JUARA
40. Mr. Cook has admitted that him (a)
borrowing (b) is worse (c) than he
previously thought (d). no error (e).
Jawaban: A
Pembahasan: him ➔ his karena ada kata
kerja admit yang seharusnya admit + Ving
(gerund), maka admit + borrowing.
Borrowing berubah menjadi noun, maka
sebelum noun, seharusnya diikuti dengan
adjective, maka him diubah menjadi his
(possessive adjective).
41. Physicians believe what (a) lack of sleep
affects (b) how one retains (c) information
(d) no error (E).
Jawaban: A
Pembahasan: what ➔ that karena jika what
yang digunakan, kalimat tersebut menjadi
salah, karena di awal kalimat sudah ada
subject + verb (Physicians believe what)
Sedangkan pada kalimat setelahnya juga
terdapat S + V (lack of sleep affects), agar
kalimat tersebut menjadi benar, maka harus
dipisah dengan kata penghubung klausa,
yaitu that.
42. Approximately two – thirds (a) of the
earth’s surface (b) is (c) covered by body of
seawater that is interconnected (d). no error
(e).
Jawaban: D
Pembahasan: that ➔ which karena
mengacu pada kata ‘body of seawater”
(noun).
43. Economics (a) are not (b) a formal method
(c) of representational argument because
immutable laws are involved (d). no error
(e).
Jawaban: B
Pembahasan: economics merupakan
scientific knowledge (pronoun: it) bukan
bentuk plural dari economic. Maka, are ➔
is.
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44. Learning to sing acceptably (a) is (b) more
difficult (c) than to dance adequately
enough (d). no error (e).
Jawaban: D
Pembahasan: parallelism; subjek kalimat
(learning) is more difficult than …
(seharusnya diisi dengan S2, dimana S2
seharusnya parallel dengan S1 (Ving),
maka to dance ➔ dancing.
49. West Virginia spends more money than any
state (a) in the nation when it comes to
medical care (b), veteran compensation,
and (c) other outlays (d). no error (e)
Jawaban: A
Pembahasan: any state ➔ any other states
karena membandingkan Virginia (a state)
dengan state lain, maka jawaban yang tepat
seharusnya any other states.

45. The new secretary ordered (a) three trays of 50. If you are interested (a) in learning (b) more
foods (b) for the first meeting (c) of the task about the four – step behavioural approach,
force (d). no error one should read (c) Jeffrey Schwartz’s (d)
Jawaban: B book.
Pembahasan: foods merupakan Jawaban: C
uncountable noun, jadi tidak dapat diubah Pembahasan: one ➔ you karena di awal
menjadi bentuk plural, maka kata foods ➔ kalimat sudah diberikan subjek “you” dan
food. kalimat nya setara, jadi masih mengacu
pada subjek yang sama yaitu you.
46. Azaleas are sweetly smelling (a) flowers
that blossom (b) between (c) February
and(d) June. No error (E)
Jawaban: A
Pembahasan: kata smelling seharusnya
diikuti dengan adjective, jadi sweetly
seharusnya diubah menjadi sweet.

47. Despite (a) his slow start, Rafael Nadal is

the player whom (b) we think is (c) most
likely to win (d) the Wimbledon crown. No
error (e).
Jawaban: B
Pembahasan: whom ➔ who karena yang
menjadi acuan adalah Rafael Nadal
(subjek/ person).

48. Blocks (a) from the (b) stadium, we could

hear (c) the people to cheer (d). no error (E)
Jawaban: A
Pembahasan: blocks ➔ blocked karena
diawal kalimat berfungsi sebagai noun
dapat dibentuk dari Ving (present
participle) atau V3 (past participle). Past
participle menjadi pilihan yang tepat karena
mengandung makna pasif yaitu diblok /
dihalangin.

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