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Reviewerfinals
Week 7Framework
Frague workBasicstructure
underlying
system concept. or

"In Ethics" set ofassumptions,concept, values

and practices
·

called world view or

help theory
Ethicist 3 general principles in studying
morality.

7
mpentieth ·

·
meta-thesees
talks about meaning, reference and
truth values of moral Judgements.
explains what goodness and wickness
Deals with question like
Are
·
there objective moral throts
·
Whatdo words,"good or bad

Cognitixism
·
truth bearers true or False
moral realism
·
claims existence moralstruth
Facts moral
of Nudgement are Independent
Ethical subjectivism
·
holds truth ofEthical proposition are Independent
 meta Ethics
Non-Cognitixis m Moral Relatixism
· submits thatdifferentm oral facts and principles apply to
·
Denies moral Vudgmentt rue or False to different person or groups individuals
of
ethical sentences do authentic proposition.
claims
·
convey
not
·
Believing that
various cultures has distinct standards righto r wrong
of
Imtixis in
mostpopularFormofnon-cognitive theyneed
our emotions and feelings Empiricism is Rationalism is Instritionism

Universalism is Relatixism
·
Moral empiricism
Moral Universalism · is meta-ethical stance states that knowledge moral
of
· theorizes that moral Factand principles applied to Facts are known through observation and experience
in all places
every body · moral rationalism
moral objectivism
· contends that moral facts and principles known
priori thatby reason alone and without
reference
claims universal ethic existand applies to all to experience
similarly
·

situated person, nationality,citizenship,culture,

· moral intuitionism
race moral truth
· submits are knownable by intuitionism by
immediate instinctive knowledge withoutto any
evidence.

↑prommtaitiexe EFIntihascs
Branch ofethics that
·
studies how man ought to act morally speak.

· examines ethical norms

actions determines moral course ofaction.
Evaluates standards
and
·
For rightness and wrongness of

Deontology moral rules duties

thatbases morality on independent or

· ethical system duties obligation

Foundational nature ofmans
word "beon"means duty-implying the
Greak
moral valves actions

Teleology
determines of
- refers to moral system result.
or
by their outcomes
end result
"felos" word means end-takes into accountthe
Greak -

ofaction as exclusive consideration

consequentialism morality Benefit evaluation ofactions consequences.

Determine solely by
cost
·
 Applied...
"Ethics -

·
Philosophy examines specific, controversal
moral issues
ethically correct
· Ethics itattempts to determine
action.
course action realms ofhuman
of

Subfields ofApplied Ethics

ethical issues pertaining
Bioethics -
concerns
medicines
life, Biomedical researches,
and medical profession.
Health care,

controversial moral issues.

·
surrogate mothering
manipulation fetus
of
·
genetic
· stem cell research
in research
human embryos
· using
· in-vitro fertilization
· Abortion
· Suicide
·
patients rights
Environmental Ethics non-human contents.
- deals moral issues concerning nature, ecosystem,
Issues:
· Animal rights
·
endangered
see species preservation
· Animalexperimentation ·
sustainable
Development
 Environmental
Ethics
->
deals with moral issues concerns nature, ecosystem,
and nonhuman contents
Controversial moral Issues
·Animal rights animal experimentation pollution control

Business Ethics
-

examines moral principles concerning business involves

environment issues

aboutcorporate
practices, policies, business behaviors
·whistle blowling harassment · labor unions ·misleading advertising.
Sexual Ethics
·
studies more issues sexuality and
about human sexual behavior.

moral issues:
·

homosexuality lesbianism. Polygamy premarital sex

Social Ethics
· deals with what is rightfor society to do and how itshould as
act whole.
·
Racial discrimination ·
death penalty nuclear weapon production guncontrol
 Week 7 Lesson 2
King Solomon Vanity of vanities, all is vanity,
andthereisnothingnewunder
-

700 wives and 300 concubine

t h e sun, as Solomon said more
-

can Found King 11:3 thanthreethousandyearsago.

Paulo Coelho

Virtue Ethics SOCREATES AND PLATO

teaches an action is rightif it “ GORGIAS” its a dialogue written by Plato, Socrates
indicates that pleasure and pain fail to provide an
would objective standard for determining moral from immoral
is an action thatvirtous person

perform in the same situation.

11 Aristotle Ethics 1111111
are Freely choosen character traits 11 Eudemian Ethics 111111
that people praise in others. making itone of the primary sources available for

Reasons of being Praise study of Aristotelian ethics.

They are difficult to

develop 11,111) Nicomachean Ethics 11111
they are corrective of natural deficiencies philosophical inquiry into the nature of the good
They are beneficial both to selfand society. life for human being. begins
Aristotle the work by
positing thatthere existsome ultimategood toward
which all human actions ultimately aim
Two Of Aristotle Work that concern Morality

Erdemian Ethics Thomas Aquinas Ethics

Nico machean Ethics Angelic Doctor and the Prince of Scholastics (1223-1274)

The BeatitudeLife Italian Philosopher and Theologian ranks the most

THEPOORNI SPIRIT
EmbracingourneedforGod.
importantthinkers of medieval time period.
THE MOURNERS Experiencing God's Aristotle
comfortin our pain.
Depends so heavily on

THE MEEK Choosing humble Believes all actions are direct towards the end
submissiveness over ambition and authority.
THE HUNGRY FOR RIGHTEOUSNESS and thathappiness is the final end.
Longing for God to make al things new.
THE MERCIFUL Extending God's incredible True happiness is to be found
compassion and mercy.
THEPURENI HEART
MakingourheartsfulyGod's,ni
alwethink,sayanddo.
ponly in thesouls of thBe eatitude
THE PEACEMAKERS with God.
Bringing healing, togetherness, and fullness
to our world.
THE PERSECUTED Following Jesus no
matter what the cost.
Thomas Aquinas Ethics
he mention "Natural law the term law"
4 Primary Types of Law SYNDERESIS – it is the virtue of the
1111 Eternal Law 111 1 1 1 faculty of moral insights or
conscience. Also as natural inclination
refers to the rational plan of god by to some specific goods.
which all creation is ordered 3 sets of Inclinations
God
1.To survive
is
supreme ruler of
everything 2.To reproduce and educate offspring
HIS mind is law directs everything in the universe ·
3.To know the truth about God and to
11.1 Natural Law 111 live peacefully in society.
aspect of the eternal law which accessible Happiness, Moral Virtues, and Theological
to human reason.
Virtues.
Aquinas believes ...
1111 Human law 1, 1 1 | that all action are directed towards the end
laws.
and that happiness is the final end.
refers to positive
Happiness is not equated with pleasure,
1,11 11,1111)
Divine law material possessions, honor, or any sensual
is law of revelation, disclosed
good, but consist on the activities in accordance
through with virtue.
sacred textor scriptures and church Define virtue as “a good habit bearing on
activity”
which also direct towards man eternal end
Note: not all habits are virtue, only those that
2 kinds of infuse virtue inclines us towards our good or end.
1. Moral Virtue
Basic moral virtue:
Aquinas differentiate2 Habits
Prudence, fortitude, Acquired Habit
temperance, justice. autonomous will of a person as
they involve consistent

2. Theological Virtue deliberate effortto do time and

act
again, despite
Such as: faith, hope, love
obstructions.
Faith makes us recognize
and believed in the True Infusted Habit
GOD, Hope makes us wish
to be with Him, and Love
are Independent process as they are directly Instilled

makes us desire and by God in our faculties.