● Wait x Await

Usamos wait com um infinitivo:

I'll wait to hear from you before I do anything.

Na maioria das vezes, empregamos formalmente o verbo transitivo await com

objetos abstratos:

We're still awaiting instructions.

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● While it makes allowances = While making allowances

The exchange rate used by the Commission in drawing up the budget

documents which it submits to the Council should, while making allowances
for the time lag between drafting and submission, reflect the most recent
information available.

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● We would/used to lend him money when he was unemployed.

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● Direct: He said, ‘Ladies and gentleman, we must make this decision here and
now.’
● Indirect: He told his audience that they must / would have to make that
decision there and then.

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● My regret is not having studied more…

 ● Used to x Would

Would' is only good for actions or situations that were repeated many
times; “My grandfather would call me at Christmas after his trip to
the farm.”

'Used to' is good for any action or situation that continued for a period
of time in the past. “I used to live in Manchester, but I moved to
London last year."

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● London buses are to strike this afternoon.

We also use this without be: London buses to strike this afternoon.

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● Past Perfect
Use past perfect to describe something that happened before an action
described using past simple.

By the time she arrived home, I had gone to bed. (I went to bed, then
she arrived home)

Past perfect is formed using had + past participle.

 ● Past Perfect Continuous
Use past perfect continuous to describe an action which started in the
past and continued up to another point in the past.

I had been cooking all day for the dinner party when my guests
phoned to cancel. (I started cooking and continued to cook until my
guests phoned)

Past perfect continuous is formed using had + been + verb/ing.

● Past Continuous
Use past continuous to describe an action which began in the past and
was interrupted by another, later action in the past.

I was watching a film when the doorbell rang. (I started watching a

film, I continued watching a film, the doorbell rang)

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I’m going to have a drink with Jill after the film.

I’m having a drink with Jill after the film.

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RATHER

Would you like some wine or would you rather stick to sherry? / “By preference”

She's been behaving rather strangely. / “Quite”

There is no shortage of basic skills in the workplace. Rather, the problem is poor
management. / “Instead of”
GRAMMAR NO PROBLEM

I come from England;

Present Perfect

We’ve been here for 15 years; / Situação inacabada;

Watson has played for England 54 times so far. / Uma seq. de ações rep ainda ñ acabou

I’ve been to Norway; / Ação aconteceu em algum momento até o presente;

I’ve lost my wallet. What can I do? / Ação ainda tem efeito sobre o presente;

Simple Past

We moved here from Oxford; / Ação concluída

Bond played for Wales 77 times. He died… / Seq de ações foi concluída;

I went in 1997. / Ação aconteceu em determinado momento do passado;

I lost my passport once, but I got it back again; / Ação aconteceu e ñ tem
vínculo com o presente.