sarehpaan fe i teeta NAYEINAIA: Eivat to otvoAo twv SiadiuKaouy nov epappsgoveat yu var kaBoSnynOel — KotevBuveel to mAolo we acidAeta Kal ato cUvtoLstEpo xpovixd Sidornya and Eva Aid oe Eva AAO. © épo¢ vavoinAota (aya. Navigation) (vauctnAoug — Siankw uc GéAaooes) xpnowonoieitar ctov vaUTIKE KaL VAUTAALAKS xt)p0 CUVIIAUC HE Tpeig éwotes: © AcEmoniyn - Texvur: Ynd tv éwoia aut n vavowota eivar Nemtotiyn Kat exeivy n texvixt HE TIc-omoleg enttuyxdvetar_n ahah StaxuBépvnon tov mAolov. MepikayBaver éva abvoho Kavovwy Kal enayyehponixiy jiboew anapalrytwy yta to oxoné auTiic. + Etvat dnhadi} n péB050s tou aaparous nou, elvat SnAadH n erwocHN KaL nite mg SiaxuBépvnong tou nAoiou ya tv extéXeon vavowndotac (navigation) 6nd. 0 aadadrig npocSiopiapss, tou otlypertos, tng nopelag KaL TS andotaans 2 Ag Npaypatonoinon nAdwv: Yné thy éwoiw aut n vavoutrota elvar Tautdonyn He thy BaracconAota fh Caraccoropela. * Og Katnyopia mAswv: Télog uNd-thy Ewola aut N vavoIndota adopd kéro.a kotnyopla Mdwy nou cuvSEovtat ye Kowa yrwpiopora KuplWg TOU Gchdoo.ou xWpou nov npayyaromoteita, mx. aktonAcia (coasting), vavowrtota eowrepxtiy vdérwv (inland navigation), wkalavorocia (ocean sailing). + Me thy texvuxth wou, vouniAia., TEM OY REXOA CUNT AEMETNNAVETIAOIA + AveBviig Y5poypadbixds Opyavicpég, INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC ORGANIZATION: (IHO) elvan évac StaxuBepyntixds Ste6v}¢ opyavioyés nou cay Kipto podos tou éxet thy HEAET Kau Kaaypadl} Tw Baracowy, wKeavio kat rAwniby uSdtwv nayKoopiwc. +H EAAnvuc} Yopoypaduch Yrinpeota (YY) elvat o erionuos vdpoypadiKds opéas thc EAAdSag Kat amotehei avekdptnm Yrnpedia tou MoAEuLKod Nautxod (FIN). + EAAqvuc) Yrnpecta Dapwv: Anootohi ts YO elvan n evarynon via. tSpvan dépwv, 1 KoraoKeUH, 0 ehoiacyss, n entoxeut, -n ouVvalpnon Kal n _ Aettoupyia tov auvéou tou daptkos Suctdou tou eMAaduKod xtipov, n Evnuépwon tg YSpoyparixric Yrnpeaiag (YY) ent ouvadiy pe tous dapous Gepdrwv mpog .éxSoon Kat 6nyooleven oyenKiv ayyeAuby orous VaUTIARSpEvoUs kat n cUvepyaoia pe aUTiV yta tr aUvtagn Kat tn SnHootevaN Tov Daposelxm EAANvixd AKTV, HE OKONd THY aopdAELa ths vavoinAotas kat TV aftonolnon tou dapiKod Succdou ctous emxeLpnaraKous oxe6\aoL0UG Tou FIN at yevixétepa. tn¢ EBviKric ApUvas.» + AtevOviig NautUaKds Opyavispss - IMO - the International Maritime Organization: Elvan opyavioyds tou OHE Kou aoxoheita pe to safety and __ Security ths vautAlag Kau mv amotpont tn Bardcouas Kau atHOOMatpKti¢ piravons ano ta mAota. NAYTIIAL 1~ 2 YSpoypacuct unnpeoia Hvwpévou Baowtelou (UK Hydrographic Office): xcde arto tig eBviKts vBpoYPApUCES unnpedies KaGe XH9PAS, TO vSpoypadixe Tpapelo tov BperavKod Navapxetou ' (British Admiralty BA) éxet aptoypadriaet 60 tov ‘yuword KOOHO. MMTALA: bisBviig Ewan THY DapLKaY ‘Apyiov - INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ‘OF MARINE AIDS and LIGHTHOUSE AUTHORITIES. Xupiferar o& 660 ovothpata. oTALA A: EovB.atopbc TevapTOKUKAIKTS {cardinal marks) kau raeupuxis (lateral marks) ofHavans (kéKKLvo OT ‘aptotepa) « IALAB: Zuv6taopes, eraproxvEAuxtis (cardinal marks) xa raevpuatig (lateral marks) ofpavens, (kOxKtvo oto Sef) sro Roormpa auré nepirapBavovten reve orot ofjpavens or orcoiot elvat Suvardv va xnowonoundouv HE onotovBirote GuVEUAoHS: Mreupucés Innevoers {LATERAL MARKS). ymoBewvoouy thy aptoveph Kat Sef wevps Tuy BrabAwv- Xpnowonorobvea oe cuv6UaoHO reavrore PE THY uuBaruc karebeuven ts omHavETS TON dyer xaBrepwdel acd Ti aPHOBLES Eovixéc Apxes Kat onneuverat o7OUS ‘vauTiKOUG XEPTES: TeraptoKUKAUKES Enpavoets (CARDINAL MARKS). Xpnoworotouveal oe Guvbuaoyd He THY TUE{Ba TOU MOLD KO nobexcvbouy, St. rebate, O5aTA Boloxoveat npds thy oMtvUHN qdeupd tis oMpaAVONS Enndvoeis Mepovwpévou KavBbvou (ISOLATED DANGER MARKS). XonowporoLoUvedt yea. var ipoabtoplLouy xiv uvo Teptoplopevns exarong kat tonoverouveat AL ryrupoBoRodveat axplBis ert fred at TOV xivBuvo. : anjidvorts Addario YBdrwy (SAFE WATER MARKS). YroBeuvouv, Ott undpxouv magdowie G6erea OPH end Tag BEOEIE TOUS, OTTG ELVOL OL snuiveriper tou neaou eves 6iaROV. ExSucés Enudvaets (SPECIAL MARKS). Xpnowororobveat , ic. Vo emmonpovouv Teptoxt A xapaxenproerRd, Trou e1ixd arvarpépetat TOUS aaytioto1xous XEPTES fh Naweduaxe EKBSOE. 1H éyvoua kde ovpiavens rou oveTANerToS uvéryerat om Bion €v66 ft epioadtepwy Tend ear xapauepuocucd tg Ka ELBUOTEPA _Karé: mv njaépat: ARO TOV ypuuerioyd, oxfver kat erionad. ered equ. vingze: Arc to OU xan tov pues TOU UTES. ee NAYTIAIAS2.1. HTH EAN E@AIPA - OPIZMO! ‘Agovaas tng ng: Elvan o dEoveis yOpw and tov onolo neprotpéderat n Fn. Fewypadixoi néAot: Eivar ta So avrbiapetpiKé onpeia orny emubdveta ts Trg, card ta onoia nepvad o dfovac. Bépetos néhoc — North pole: Elva o néAoc nou Bploxerat otpappéviog npo¢ to Epos tou MoAKod aotépa (actepLopds Muxprig ApktoU). Nét1og néAog — South pole: Elvat 0 néRog nou BploKetat otpaypévas npos to uépos tov Notiou Etaupod (actepispds NétoU). Méywatog KiKAog — Great circle: Eivat 0 KUKAo¢ nou to enmedé tou nepvd unoypeurixé amé to Kévepo ts Ins. Muxpég KbxAog — Small circle: Eivan omotoaérjnote KUKAoG Tov to erune6é tou Sev nepve and to Kévtpo THs ns, ISHMEPINOE —Terrestial equator : Eivat o WeyLoto¢ KOKAOG TIOU to ertte66 TOU elvan xéGeto mpo¢ tov éfovatns Ing. Ynapxet évac Ka. povadiKds lonpepwvds, © lannepwés xwplZet thy fh oe 650 nutodalpia. Autd mou elvan Mpos oto Bépeto Mého Kat ovopdzZerat BépLo NuLaMalpLo, Kal aUtd nov BploKETaL MOG Tov Nétto MéAo Kat. ovopdZerat Nétio nuLadalpto. MESHMBPINO!— Meridians: Eivan ot uéyiotoLkbmAot nou Stépxovean and TOUS nékoug tS [ng ANS KdBe anpelo/téno ms Ing Suépxetat frag weve HeonnBpids. Ondte ot peonpBpwol elvar drerpot. TIPQTOS MEZHMBPINOZ H MEZHMBPINOE GREENWICH: Eivat o peonpBpwvds Tou Stépxetat and to astepocKoreio tou Greenwich mn¢ Bpetavias, Autos xwplZet mv In ce S60 nutodalpta. To AvatoAiKé Ka1 to AuTIKE nutebaipto. 2.2 TEGPPAOIKES EYNTETATMENEE! TEAPA@IKEE EYNTETAMMENES - Geographic(al) coordinates: Ou yewypabuxés ouvtetaypéves elvat 500. To yewypadixd mAdros (¢) — latitude (lat) Kat to yewypaduxé piiKos (A) — lorigitude (long). TEQIPAQIKO NAATOE ~ latitude: Tewypadixd, nAdcog evdc ténou/onnetou, ovondzerat n ywvia. nou oxnpiorizer n, KaBETn oro eAAeupoeidés fh my odaipa and to onusto pe to erine5o tou isnepwvol 1} to téfo Tou HeGnLBpwob nov Tepvdet and Tov Ton Kal MEpAGUBaverat peta’ tov LonWepLvos Kat tou apakhjhou mAéroug Tou i6\ou ténab:'To Métog ovopaterat BépEt0 (B) — oto Bépeto.npisdaipio kat Néwio (N) ~ ‘ai oto vétIO ‘nptopaipto, Ténot nou NAYTIAIAL 3Botaxovean oto (to nuisbaipto éxouy epdovojer waéeen (same name). Térot Rou AploKovean ce Siahopetxd nutodaipto éxouv evepdovupar mAdetn (contrary ame). To TAdTOG to LETpAe Rave OTO HEONABPIVS TOU TorOU OE polpes Kat unodiarpécerg tous and 00°-90" B rh N. MAPAAAHAOI NAATOYE — Parallels: Eivar ot pixpol KOKAOLTIOU Ta ETCUTESa TOUS eiyat napadAnha repos to enine6o Tov LonHepwvou. FEAFPA@IKO MHKOE ~ longitude: TewypdiKd UhKoS evég térov/onpetou ovondierat n ywvia nou oxnpartzet tO eanyBewvé enineBo Tou teToU HE Tov pdito peoNHBPWS f to 16fo Tou LonHEpwvoU TOU mepthajiBdverat petagd TOU xpwtou peonpBpIvoN KaLTOU eanpBpwvod tov ténov. To xapaxmnpioune 14 vaveroAixd (A) — East (E) | Autixé (A) ~ West (W) avdhoya o& Tots NpLodalpLo Bploxerar to onnelo. Ténot nov Pploxovrat oto {Sto nptabalpto éxouv opdvupa prikn. Toro TOU Bploxovtat oe Srapopenikd rpradaipro éxouv exepuivope pK, To piiKos to HeTPaHE GE HOlpES Kat unobiaipécers tous and 000°-180° Ath A. 2.3,STR@OPA MIAATOYE. (A>) ~ DIFFERENCE OF LATITUDE. (Bagi Atop dt jadroug petags So tonuv elvat to téfo TOU weonHBewod nov repAappéverat evagd tw Mapaddiauv MAdrous Taw 540 ronwv. H Ad perpiétan and 0°-180° kat xapaKenplerar ws Boperet (B) otav Koreveuvopeda Popevérepa Kat wc véria (N) Grav KerteveuvoHEBa vorisrEpe evefaprara ard ‘ro nuodpaipio nou BptoKdpacte. : ‘BERDORASMHKO! LONGITUDE:(Dslong): Atadopa uous 6d0 tortuy ovoWATOUHE TO PIKPETEPO TAY 180° t6fo Tou tonneptvod ov TpepthapBaverat pecagl ta ueonpBpwav tav 600 tonuyv. H AA werptérat cmd 0°-180" Kat xapaKmnpiZerar wc Suri (A) drav xarevGuvopeda Guruétepa Kat we avaréaum (A) otav Karevuvoneda avorohiKétepa avefaptnta and to nprodalpto nou BpioKdpaote. (AA), ~ DIFFERENGE: Ol Fave Bpoopie ty AA: «av 1a ifn elvar ecepOvuna ta MpooBéroupe Kat tH¢ SIvoUHE THY ovopacta tov pious abhgews. © Av ta piikn elvan opdvupat ta adbaipobpe Kat ang Sivoupe thy ovopacla ‘ing KarevO5veetus tov TAolov. Anhabi edv nnyatvoune ‘avarohKérepat omy ovopdioune Avatohxt Kat edv nnyaivoune Sunxétepa THY ovopdtoupe AuTIKH. «Edy to dBpo.oua wv 640 ANKay Byer navw amd 180", rére to axhatpoouE ‘amd t1¢ 360" Kat tou akadZoupe ovonacia. NAYTIAIA| 4ihetiltinande riesgo r | TEAIKO ETITMA: FvupiZovtas us auvtetaypeves (d/A) tou apyiKod otiyparog andmAou Kat Tis Biabopés mAécious Kau. prKoUG (AG/A), we tO TEALKS otiypL xarémAou, Bptoxoupe tis cuvteraypéves ($/X’) tou teheutaiou. ‘A EVPESH OA KAI Ad (Ot ouveeraypéves tou otiyyaros evdg ténou © elvat: = 33° SO'N Kat A = 166° 58,1'E kat evs GAAou térou 6': = 18° 09'S Kat A= 170° 05'W. Motes ot Sraspopéc, MAGTOUG Kat. fKoUG Tw 60 Tow. ORB A. Ma tov UmoAoVLONs edpeans AA Kat A> anaitettar rPpéxeipo oxaplnpa Tp, anoguyh AaGdv. Pxe6iAZoune obotna KABetwW afsvun ex tw onolwv, © HEV Korraxépucos napictével tov Npuio WeonLBplvé Greenwich (000%), o 6e optévriog ‘TOV LaNHEpIv6, xwpiZovtas érot 61a tou PEONHBpLvod 000" to AvarroAiKé nyuLadalpro He Ta pikn aUugavdpeva mpog ta Aefid and to AuuiKd nutopaipto pe ta pHKh auavépevar npos ta Aptatepd. AvwGev Tou dove rou lanpepivol ExoupE to BépELO nutodalpio pe ta Bépeta MAcn augavoeva npos ta mivw, eves KéTWEEV TOU dfova + EX0ULE To Nério nfuustbalpto pe ta voria Wd augavépeva rpoG Te KET. Ay ot tipés twv Ae Kat Ae BploKovran rept rou Kécw nyiWECnLBpIvod tou Greenwich, xapaxtnplfoupe tov KéGero dfova tou ckapipripatos w¢ peonEBpwd 180°, oncdte Aefid éXOUE to To AuTiKd NuLodaipto pe ta AuTIKG prikn eAaTtobLEva, mpos ta Dek, evtd Aptotepd éxoute to AvertouKd nptatbaipto pe ta averoAiKé rhKn ehartobpeve npos ta Apiotepd. B. MpooSéroune ta etepdvuna piikn, evd ota opdvuna, adepodpE and to hevaAdtepo to puxpétepo. 01 A> ken AA yopaxmpifovear we $ HN Kat Ef W avelotowe, avéAoya He thy xkared8uven npos thy onoia nAéet to nolo. T. Av Katd tv npdo8éon Tw evepwvi pu Ae KaL Aa mpoKdipet AA WeyeAStEpy TuV 180° mv adarpodpe and 360° Kau tn¢ Sivoupe avtiser enwvupla NAYTIAIAL 5Kérrws nutped/vos 180° Ne==166° 58,1'E ad =022°56,9"E {| a=2170° 05.0°'W a= 18° 05'S ‘Mea/vos, exx/ons ©, = 33° 50'N Ne = 166° 58,1'E , Dq= 18° 09'S. a= 170°. 05,0°W Ag = 51° 59'S A= 337° 03,1 W +=359° 60" BA =022°56,9'E fo onomhéer amd Auséve be = 15° 12'S atte = 002° 10°E, 1.906 Auévet a = 32° “Fa'N Katt ka = 49° 35'W. Motes oF Biadopes MAdTOUS Kat HAKOUS peragé tev ToRW aut; 00" fq 32 14'N ex 15°12'S 2e= 002° 10°E bo= 32°14'N De 049° 35'W Ag =47°26'N : ‘BA=051°45'W UES Xapaxmnpltoune T a ‘ng xau-AA, N xan S fh E xan W erihova HE SY ‘tteGOuvan TIS TAEGONS. oe NAYTIAIAL= ‘ versatile Molo anomhée ané Ayéva de = 25° 10'N npos Apéva $a = 28° 50'N, Nowe n Siadopé MAdrous petags Taw téRwy aUTaV; be= 25° 10'N bb =03° 40'N ‘4.Moto anomAéer ané Ayéva he = 50° 10'N nog Ayséva $e = 40° 10'N. Moan Staopa nAdrous petagd tv tonwy auedy; be= 50° 10'N a= 40° 10'N Ag = 10° 00'S S Moto anonréer and Ayiéva he = 02° 5O'N rpog Atpéva de '= 03° 04'S, Tota n, Staopa MAdrous petaks wv tonwy autiy; c= 02°50'N bo= 03° 04'S Ap = 05° 54'S, Molo anomdéer and Ayiéva de =20°02'S mposhinéva de 12° 12'S, ova Surbopd TAdrous petagi Tuy Toru autiiv; 20°02'S A =07°50'N “EMdoto anondéer‘ané yséva }e = 150° 10°E npos Aypéva Ae = 160° 05°E, Nout n Biahopé wiKous wetags tw rénww autiiv; Ae= 150° 10°E a= 160° 05'E ‘A= 009° 55'E Emoto cmondéet and Auévat Ae =" 005° 10°E npog Aiéver Aa = 003° 05'W. Mowe n ladopd whkous werago Tuy tony AuTi; Ne= 005° 10'E a= 003° 05' ‘AA= 008° 15'W Binoio cmondéet-ond Aipévo. Ae = 020° 05'E TpOG Atpévar Ae = 015° 10°E. Nowa y “Bldopé pious wereek ‘Tw TéMwv aUTiNV; NAYTIAIAL ‘ 7‘A= 004° 55'W Bmnoto amordéer and hpéva. Xe = 178° 10°E mpos Mnéva Re = 175° 10'W. Nowa Bidopd: yrixous pevagh tuw ténuy avedy; Ae= 178° 10'E a= 175° 10°W ‘B= 353° 20'W ~ 359260" 006° 40'E a= be4/- 6 (+on/-€t) hat het/-BA (40p/-20).AV (he# BA) > 180° téte Aa = 360° — (he AA), ondte OAAATOUNE xauyy enwvupla. Bho cxtyya tov ténov © elvar de = 05°55°N rat Re = 175° 13'W, Tériog 6" Boloxerat voniétepa Kark Ad = 14° 20'S Kai Sutixdtepa kata AA = 12° 30°W. Motes ot ‘ouvtetaypéves TOU eee mae A. Mpoodéroupe ta ondvuna, eves adaupod pe cmd to EyaAiTEPO TO puxpétepo, ta. crepkivuy. Fea opvUyL 0 TeAukés owvrerayéves Teipvovy mm xowt ovoptais, evt ota exepdvupa my enuvola tou HeyaAuTEpOU. B. AV xaré thy MpéaBeon Twv OHWVSHW AE Kat DA rpoKbiper Aa peyaAdvepo and 180°, tote to acarpoupe ‘ané 360° kat tou Sivoupe aveiBern enwvupia. Tmo! a= de +/- A> (+0p / -€X) a= de +/- A (on /~ €t) Av (Ae + AN) > 180° véve Aa = 360° (Re #04) Kat okays enwovyplo, NAYTIAIAT | C* etibansintiiieen ons! wet balpseiilisisintetten TY ani enim rRnESRRULSIRRENHeon i saree Huwy/vds, ard Ae= 175° 13'W | : be = 05° S5'N | }+-—— ar a 1 | s . Avar/Ko ued eles ® & be =05°55'N de = 175° 13'W d= 14° 20'S n= 012° a= 08° 25'S Da = 187°43'W = 359° 60" da =172°17'E ZiMolo anondéet and apyixd orlypa ©, We be = 35° 32'S Kal Ae = 036° 45°E, mpOG {yra d¢buén¢ 6", to onoio Bploxetan Boperdtepa Kari Ad = 005° 15'N xa Suvastepa, kad. AA = 030° 11'W. Zntoveat ot ouvrerayéves toU TEAKON otiypert06. = Ae = 36°45'E a= bet/- Ad (40H/-e0) : a= he-t/- OX ( +0u/-€X).AV (Re + AA) > 180° tre Aa = 360° (e+ AN), ondte aAAAOUBE kat env enwvupla, be =35°32'S 6° AS'E NAYTIAIAL 92.5 OPIEMOLKALESHIHEH ; 41.2, @ANAEEIO MIAI H’ NAYTIKO MIAI (SEA MILE) @addoato f vauTiK6 HON elvan to 1’ tas Holpas tov HEaNHApIOU oro vyewypadixé TAdtog 45° B F N. To vautixé HOt Oat fray oraBepé oe éAa tt Foden, edv n Tq ira odaipuxh, Eneibr Oyu ro oxhHot tng elva edeupoetdéc Kat or peonpowvol evar eAdeuelc n TuAA TOU peyEBous Tov pidlov erapdNAerat Kat elvan avgavajevn and tov tonjepwvd Mos TOUS néhous. nwoveic exe vivernapabext} n Tif tou wrlou ion ue 1852 nétpa A 6076 ft. H Bewpreuc Tux TOU piAlov ava Bidsbopa MAérn Siverat and tov mapaxérw tind: 3. To vauTaxé pial urobuatpeltat oe Béxorca fy ovat (cables). To 110 rou vautixot piAiou ovopatetat ovdbto (cable). 4, KOMBOE. Eenv BéAaaGA n Lax exdpaerat ge KOUBOUS (knots). 0 xépBos avnotovfe o€ taxa tov Mholov evds vaurxod io uIY spa. ‘AndaBi érav Aéue éut 79 TAoto wveltat we rata 10 Kopi ewoodpe St zo molo Stavder andovacn 10. vaueucé pita env pa. 2.6 OPIEMOE ANOETAZHE:KALTAMV ETA? AMOETASH: Oc andovaon (distance) xapaxmp(Zoune to HFKos 6 vonis yocunig rou ouvéet 600 onpela navy ouny enubdvera. ens Me nv Tuddveia mg Gadus n adotaon HetpLérat oe vauruKd ON. H pétonon Tov emootdcewy orn vavouthota viverat Mav oxo vauTiK® KEPT. TAXYTHTA: Elvan n andoraon nou 6iawWerat omy Hovba, TO xpévov. Env AdAaooa'n taxutnta exbpdaterar ce KoUBOUS. 3.1 OPIMOE TOPEIAE KAESIONTEYEHE © KATEYEYNEH: KareG@uvan ovondZoune tn oxetux Béon evs onhisiou weTPOS aya dAdo Tou Bewpettat cav apyt}. AnAabi} KarebBuven elvat n Yuvia: OU oxnparizer n oxérevan pos éva. onielo We Kércova. éAAn Basis oKonevon, N onola Gewpetcar cay apxti: H Tio ouyKexptnévn, cadyig Kat katavonty) exevoovon nave otry Mn evan exelvn Trou elvat rpooavarohionévn ou arev@uvon Boppd-Névau H Kares@uvon rou Boppd viverat vont mévw om vf abaipa pe tv ebarropevn oto peonpBpws eves bykeKpuysévou toroU. Aut elvatn peonuBpwn ‘pars tou tortou (0x.3.1). Ser veieiroAta n KareUOuvon éxdpdierar oe popes, He apKA HETpFiCEWs TV xorteb@uvan tou Poppa: ij ths MAdopns tou nAoLov. . NAYTIAIAL 10_peeennicimintetieoneentNeENne, sailiniiiiltntilinihnedanrcntintisttn iinetecennainey | t N By. 3.1 KotevOuvoets MOPEIA: Nopeia Hh mMAeWon (course) xapaxtnplfoupetn ywvia nov oxnuerizerar ETaES ts KaTevBbVEEWC TOU Boppd KaL.TNS RpoEKTagEWs tou Stapikn GEova, ‘Tou Moiov. Endvw oto vautixd xéptn, n mopeia mou npémet va. akoAouGricet ToMAoio ya va mAevaet and éva tomo Ge dAAo napictdverar pe euGeta yap, 1 onola auvééet tou 60 témouc, Ero aveyohsyto tng MuEtBag n Mopeia NOU ‘axKoAoubel to noio Seixvetat and tv ovoyaZoyEvn ypapwi mAWwpNS \Sévoven yeah wa elvat xepaynevn ovis. omy Aexévn mn MUfLBaS Kat katé mv xated8uvan tou Stayr}Kous. QIONTEYEH: Oc andAutn Siémtevon Ag (bearing) evdc avriKxewvou yapaxmnpl{oupe ty ywvia nou oxnparizerar wetaks mg Katev@vaews tov Boppd Kot tng vontig ypappis maparnpnti-aveiKewévou. O¢ oXETIKt Sistevan Fx (relative bearing) yapaxenplGoupe ty ywvla nou oxnparizerar petags tg KatevOivoews tng RAwpN TOU MhotoU Kat tH vonTS ypaHLtIS Tapatnpnti}-aviKewzvou. 3.2 AAHOHE, MATNHTIKOE KAI BOPPAE NYSIOAE ~, ANTIETODIEE NOPEIEE KAL -Bioinrevseiz * sBOPPAE } - AAn@rig Boppas BA (true north): Eivar n Kated@uven mov Bépetou yeuypartxod néhou tg Ing. - Mayvnruxés Boppdis Bu (magnetic north): Eivat n xates@uvon mou Bixvern Hayvntixt) BeAdvn, dtav emnpedZetar Lovo and to yrwo LayynTiKe Medio. - Boppas nufiéac Br (compass north): Eivat n xates@uvon nou Siyvet n payvnixt, BeXdvn, nj onola ernped{erat and to yiiwvo payvntiKé reBlo Kat NAYTIAIAI : cry f_souansnnondzon mholov (ox, 3.2). ix. 3.2 KorevOwvoeis Aino Bopp, Mayynreuxot Bopp, Boppd muéi5a, IEE. _ AAn@ig Ropela ZA {true course): Eivatn yuvie etaf adnBovs Boppdt kat ov BuapifKous Tou TAOIOV. H anérig ropeta elvar aven TOY yapaocoupe nevus orov x4pm™. = Mayunsuxi ropelat2q (magnetic course): Elvat n yovia peragé payvrytixod Boppd Kat tov BiapijKous tov Wolov. Thv pelo: auti thy Sebyvet n paynruxh muiéa ov Bev, ennpedievan até to paywrioHé TOU mdotov. Mopela nufi6ag Zr (compass course): Eivatn yovie erage Boppa rug.bas cat rou Buayifous;tou raotou. Thv rropela aver ey Selyver n payverTUKh muéia névw ovo Molo, n ori. ennpedtera and to payntiops TOU mAotov. «01 nopeleg werpotvear oe po{pes até 000" ~ 360° xan RPOS Me befia 1s xarevdivoeu, tou Poppa. fMadistepa ypnawonoiodoay - Kat TV rexaptoxviauet werpnan tw RopeLwv anb 00" = 90° He ‘apxtt pétpnens tov Boppd fh tov voro mpos annruiorn th TEpupD. Qc nde enwvupla xpnomouoiovoav 10 B AN Kat Sedtepn Ath Z- a 3x. 33 AANA nOpela, Mayvrrexs opel, Tlopeta nvel6as, 3.3 MIOMTEYZEIE fog anéhuem BvSrrevon A avnisrorxia AZ (beating) evdc, aveKeysévou, yapaxmploune tm yovia nov oxnnanttera pevago ms KaTeDeUvoELG TOU Boppd Kat ms vonTis yeauntic TROpOTHpNeT-AvEKELBEVOU. Avdhoya HE THY vored@uvan tov Boppé: (BX-BH-Br) rou elvat apxA HeTPrhoetas TY anékutuv ‘Brontetioewy, ot Brormedoetg Biaxplvoveat ce: 1. -ANnBiig axtshurn Sdreteven ATA (true bearing) NAYTIAIATees) 2. Mayertuc anéhutn Stéreeven Alu (magnetic bearing) 3, Mu§iac anéduen 6Srceven Agr (compass bearing) Ot ambhutes Gtomedoer, petpotveat oe poipes and 000" - 360°, OROKUKAURE KaTé KaVEvG, fh MaALStEpa aNd O° - 90" TETAPTOKUKALKE, ad BN rpoc A fA. Qe oxetuah Stdrtevon Fx (relative bearing) xapaxtnpifoupe th ywvia nou oxnyatiZerar petagd tng xorrevObvoeus tg RAwpNs tov MAoioU Kat tng vonTiiS yoapurc maparnpnti-avexewévou. Ot oxertkés Siontevoers petpobveat oROKUKALKG ca 000° - 360° Kat npOG ta SeEla tg RAdpNG A NHLKUKALKE ard 000° - 180° rpog ta Se€la (rppéictvo) fh cipiatepa (kéKKwvo) ths RAwPNS. Tia tv HeteRponA oxeTiKdv SlontedoEW GE aNéAuTEC Kat avtiotpoba AayBavounE undibw was ta napaKdecw: a: Eav mpoxtiper AJVAGE HeyaAUTEpN aNd 360" Tote abound avtd nov Borikar amd uc 360", Edv n ZV/Zr eivat ueyaAdtepn and ty AWVAtR, tote rpooBEtoupe 360° oxny AAR. Trig apandvw oxEcers xonoonorovpe ovoerdeic AC kat Z Koré Zedyn. Andabr AA pe ZA H Age pe Zr. a. H npUKUKAKH Siérevon Sefla elvan n (Sta pe THY CAOKUKALKH Bisrtevon. Fi B. H nutkukAuxi Séreteuon aptotepi} Sivet tHV OAOKUKAURH Edy MpUTN ararpeGet and 360°. di NAYTIAIAL B“ARKHsEL METATPOANZXETION. BIONITEYEEQN ZEANONVTERKAY SANTI IAs afiBevovtas ue nopeta ZA=135" EAaBat Eyer 5/on evds dpou O95" AE (+ npdowo). Meré aiAaga nopela mpos ZA=085" Kat éhaBa oxen 8/on ‘onpaveripos 018° AP (- KoKKivo), Znrobvtat o1 anddutes Siontevoets, Nye a. AQ apou B. AMA onpaveripos, De3Bs° 3y = 095" (4 BREE [ j i i Sy adovtas ue mopeia ZA-002° édaBa Zxeruxt} 6/on evds dapou 007" AP t xéxxtvo). Znretran anékutn BtSrecevaN. ZA= 002" mpuKUKAtKés, Bee Axpwenplou @apov mete Age (oXox)| | _190° + 353° oe" Zt (oAox) “005° _(-) 005° _(-) 005° (-) Ee ae 360° (~) 360° (~) RD poe ca MAgovtag We aAnGr Mop|ta ZA=350° éhaBa HE TO RADAR tac oxerixés 6/o8ts ‘ww effig; Moto A 025" KoKKIvo, Thoio B 172° npacwo Kat daprdo1ou 005" npaows, Nous evar ot aveloroues amdhutes Siontevoets? ae Titov A Motou B @apénAowu Ey (nux) 025° Ap 172° Np 005" Mp ZA (oAOK) 350° (~) 350° (+) 350° a mae: BEES, 360° (>) : ae. 360° (+) Sy=007" Agoveas pe nopela nufiSoc Zn=005" éhaBa we ty Suéreepat ts muslBos TAC éautee (ohox.) 5/oerg Twv eFC: axpwrnplOU 190°, ddpou 353° xa Molou 006", Znrowveat ot avetororyes oxenxés Btomtesaels, OAOKUKAIKES Kat NAYTINAL =snsitattanrtnsr sen emt I 5. MAgovras pe ZA=043° KaBoploape otov xéptn la AZA=058". Meté and 10 “fila. éytve adAayr| Topeiac moc ZA=125° we ATA=100°. Meté and5 pidia éywe nddt adAayH Mopetag npog 2A=350" Kat ATA=150°. Zntouvean ot avetotoryes oxetucés Stomtetcais, isk EX=ATA-ZA=058"-043"°=015" EXATA-ZA=100°-125"=>100°4360"-125°=355" EX=AUA-ZA=150°-350°=>150°4360"-350 60" 3.5 METATPOFH “TETAPTOKYKAIKON MOPEION ,H. AIONTEYZEQN Ze. OAOKYKAIKEE KATO ANTIZTPO@O > @. AMO TETAPTOKYKAIKEE SE OAOKYKAIKEE 10 — OAoKKAuKh = TetaptoKUKALKt} ( B 60" A = 060°) 20 ~ OAoKukAucr = 180° - TetaptoKuKAuxrl (N70°A = 180°-70°= 30 — OAOKUKALKE} = 180° + TetaptoKuKALkt (N5O°Z 40 — ORoKuKAuKr B. AMO OAOKYKAIKEE 3E TETAPTOKYKAIKEE : ORox. 000°-090° -> TeraptoKuKAuKt = OAOKUKALKI] He Ovopacta B-A 1.x 010° = B10"A Ohox. 090°-180" -> TetaptoKuKAuKt = 180°- OAOKUKALKH HE ovopaata N-A x 120° = 180°-120°=N6O"A Odo. 180°-270° -> TetaptoKUKAtxt = OAOKUKALKI| - 180° He ovopacta N-Z Tx 200° = 200°-180°=N20°Z Onox. 270°-360" > Tetaptoxurdixt = 360° - OAoKUKAuC We ovopaot B-Z 1.x 300° = 360°-300°=B60°Z y. AMO HMIKYKAMKEE EXETIKEE A/ZEIE EE ONOKYKAIKEE — HuuxurAuer 2x 6/mpdowo = ONoKUIALKA 2X. — Hpucurduxth Bx p/kéxxtvo = 360° - 3x 5. AMO OAOKYKAIKEE A/EE1E EE HIMIKYKAIKEZ ZXETIKEE A/ZEIZ, ~ ORoKuKAuns 3x < 180" = HyuuxuKAuei 2x 6/epaowo ~ ONoxuxhuer 3x > 180" = HyuxueAuxt Bx p/x6Kxtvo (360" - OROKUKAUC) ‘SREKGRENS TETAPTORVKAIRON HOPE HIAIORTEVzEONEROROKWKNIKES RTO MIREROGOL $F} Tagevovragnpos B40°Z AdBapE Ts aKéAOUBEC BrontedceLc: bdpOUN3O*A, KarvoSyou NSO'Z. Movs elva or aveicrores oAKUKAKES THES TS opetag kat Tuv StomtedoEWY; NAYTIAIAL 5a Agr apo |. Age Kanvodéxou TetoptoKuKALK B40°Z N30°A 360" fe) 180° (~) retro nj wevarpont] THY rapaKétiy ooKUKAIKCY mopeuiv Kat Biontevoewv of ‘TeTapTOKUKALKES: A=310", e125", At=044", Agr=202". NYSE a oe AQ Age Onoxveduerh| 310° __| 125" oag*_| 202" 360° (~)| 180° 7) 180° (*) em | Sey | eee Se . 4. AVEREREETIICER YEA? H payvnruxt mug{bat elvat o76 to jodaitepa Spyave orn vavournots Kat wag Setyvet tay Karev8vven tov Boppd. iva épyavo He Fo onolo emixuyydvetat o MpogaverroALoHSS TOU XPHCTN, Seigvovedc tou I6taltepa SHUG orn vavarnhota anotehel To onpaveixétepo *yautihtaxé Bof@nwa” HE tO onolo petpotveat kat mpaynerronotobvedt 1600 OF ‘opeles twv TAoLWwv 600 KaL ouBiontedoes, Oi Hayynmixés musibes ennpedtovrat and tHV poyvntuRt andkAion Kau Thy napEKpoTEH Hréiéa Ga npénst: Ne ui ennpedgerdt and pnyovuxts Suatapaxés (keabacHous radavedoetc). Na mnpetrat ce opikivea Béon. Nermapéxer euxepuic my Ewoun onowaabrirote S\evebvoENS Kat eubicd Tn avayopnon¢ tou mAoiov. : Na elvat eykareotnudvn érot nou va enrpénet thy tonosernion BiopduTAKdy NXaMOHsY NOU va. eharTibvOUY to a*>dAUa TNS. H hexdvn nepappaver: 4. tov néAo otmplfews tou cvaTHHaTOS Tw poyntiv. 2. 10 uyps, : 3, pia yap rou KadetraL l86vouoa yap KaLN onola. Belxver thy BtebBvvan THs RAdbpn¢ tou Moov 4.2 FPOHROMIEAYENORS:GYRO? Tupooxonuc nvéiba, A‘ywponuéisa, ovondterat n mugiba rms onolas 1 Jeouayia. BaotZeran omy ivan tou yupcoKonioy:avel rns poyvntixric Beddvas, NAYTIAIAL : 16Kopio kat Baud mheovérmpa twv yupooKonuKBy nUE\Swv évave TwV jaywaTKiy elvan aKpIBids St. o dfovas nepiotpodrig tov.yupooKortou tous oxpépetat npog thy KateGBuvan tov aAnO Boppd-Nétou Kat Rapayéver ovadepé exel, (vetd népob0 Mywv wpdv and thy exklvnor} coud), He cUvéreia va: Bewpodvear ayibiBéAou axpiBetas, 4,3 AIONTPA'H NAAINOPIO * Ot Siérpes rh maAwedpra (azimouth circle), xpnoywonoiodvear ya th pétpnon twv diomtedoew. Avaxpivoveat ce: Kowés, a%ouBaKés Kat autdpates yupocKomiKés Svometpes. Todtétepa yia THY HErpyON twv oxeTIKtAy BLorTedoEWY xonoYLoROLOboajE ta taf{uerpat (pelorus), Auté tomoBetetrat napaAAnha npos to Buéinkes tov motou. Eivat épyava petpiicews tng taxdrntas twv Molin KaBleG KaL TOU Biactiatog nou Biavouv. Yrdépyouv unxaviKé: kal oUy{povE NAEKtpLKc Spousnetpa. Ta Spopspetpa yas Belxvouv thy taxdmnta tou MAoloU we npOG To VEpé Kat 6x1 we POG Tov BUBS. Ta cbyxpova SpoLSuETpA oUVSEoveaL He TO Radar tou nAotou. ; 4.5 BYOOMETPA — ECHO SOUNDER ‘ Etvat obyxpovo nAeKtpovixd dpyave to omolo pac Bivel to BBs ts BdAacoas, Kétw and thy tpémda . H apxth Aettoupylag tou otnpiferar om hétpnor tou xpdvou ou peCoAaBel and THY EXROUN UREpNyNTKDY oNHETWV ta onola exnépnovtar and tm auoxeur} Mou evploxetal om tpériba, TOU molov. A Ta. unepnyntixd- orate, avaKAdveat oto BuBé at entotpépouv ato BéKtn Uetpaivtag tov xpdvo Mou wesohaBel and thy exropinh uExpt m Aftbn TOUS, To BaBor Siverai an’ evBelac and to BUBSpETpO xwpic UMoAoVLOLOUS. 4.6ECDIS To ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems, - HNexxpovixé Zuothpora Aneikovians Xaptibv Kat MAnpodopusv) elvan suvGuaoyse nowy -Biagopenkiv vavtiAtaxiv —Bon@nudtwy, cuoKeudv kat opydvwv (nexxpovxot xépres vaverndotac, RADAR/ARPA, AvEUSEtpO, yuPOKETo, GPS, MUgiSd, BUBSHETPO) GE Ula KEVTpLKH oB6vA cand értov pmopei va napaxohouBelrar rdvipws © MAoUG kat va. pUBLiZovraL ta __croyeia tov. H-dueon ameusvion atv o86vn tov cuoTiiatos éAwy TwV Baoikiy otoixelwv tou mou (aclyya, nopeles, taxstnTEC, aANBric Kau oxETUR Kivnon otéxwv) peldvel onpavtKd thy évtaon “epyadias otn yédupa kat NAYTIAIAL v7cuppanher omy coders ts vavourotas, napéxoveas 1 Suvatérra Mipews dueouv Kar owordy amogpavety. 4.7-KANTINIO” anorehetrat and HOROBEIvo BapoBt Kat to BOMBJoKOWS, *O onoio elvan omoBiaipenévo o€ pérpa. Ta onpela Taw UOBLOIPEDENY Vie VO Staxpivoveat tie elvan xpunomopéva navn avo oxowt eite épvorY Sepevo We KOYTO oun ibaa. AXo axowent. Xonawororetsa Vit uuxpé B48n xa KUpIWG qéca ova Andie xa uc neploxts ayupopohiny, 4.8 KIAAIA'HB}ODOANMA - BINOCULARS* ye éhata Kuddua avaypaiperaro auvéuasHis 540 apOpdy pe to X avepEos rx. 6*30, 10x50 wrt. O mpiitog unoBnAdver wn peveBuveikh wavornta: TOU ucttpatos Kat 0 SebtepoG TH SLaHETPO THY eunpac orrixdoy ororetuv. Pet napaberyua o& éva Zevydipt Kuda: 10%50 ro el6who peyedbverat 10x. To eunpéoe.o orrixd ororyeio eivat 0 aveuxewpevixds ands Kat expdZerat ge xuootd. Etat oro Tapabewyal He To KUGALa 10x50 0 aveKELEVIKG aK6G yet Siduetpo 50mm. Ooo veyarorepn sive 1 Sisperpos tou epRPsaBLov ormkod atoixelou téco nepiaadrepo $196 oudAdyet. Euvertig n euxéver yiveratt mo Guten}. : ‘000 peyaditepn elvan n peyeduven téco epiopiferarto neBio oparéuntas a9 riwioMereo— SPOR WiRrCH* To caypsnerpo xojomeder via THY RECON TO ypowxod Stahelaparos erags Bo xpovxdn omiynd, Kupling yuo TV nétpnon tou xpovou TOU Buéppevae peTakd pide napatprioews Kat avayviicews tov xpovoLETPOU ywopls ya arcarrodvect 580 droHa. 4.10 -AIRAPANAHAOE KANONAZ KAL KOYMMNAZOF = Tua thy xapaeN Tw! mopeuby Kat StorrtedoEwy , Kell TeapgAAnhes petapopés, evdewv. | ratty pétpnan Tay crootéoew . NEEGNINOPE ¥: wv ipa RINE sen ME 0" xéorne a ae eRyRTEReS VME LOG ATTOHMNS ” ¢; Mayvaruct; anéxhion Af (Variation, Var.) ovondzoune Tv ywvia rou enwerlgerat-perags..mng xarevedvaeus rou ahndobs Poppd BA Kat tou payvnixod Boppé BH. i. NAYTIAIAL , 18Xapaxrnpizerat we Avercoduciy / Befre / Cetucrh / A/S / (+), (East, E), 6tav 0 By Bplokerat avatoduértepa 1 Se€itepa tou BA Kat we AuTiK / Aptotepit / Apynruxi /A / p/ (-), (West, W), dtav o Bu Bioxetar Sutxdtepa | aptotepétepa. _ TOU BA (OX. 5.1). fey om Xs. ‘Mayvnaa) anéudion - Ar / Variation eA 4/5) 8. ans-/o/O/W H typi tng anékAtons Kupaiverat amd 000"-180" kat wetaBgAAeran and: a) Ané vémo 08 téno B) Me to xpévo Adyw ths Kivijoews tw HaywnTiKi NOAWY GE oxéGN HE TOUS yewypaiKouc. y) Aéyw payynTucdy Stacapaydy rou SquLoupyouvrat and vavdyia, Hdzeg opuxtiv rh payuntixés OUeNES, Tia. tovg-napand Adyous éxouHe avvext HEraROMA rng anékALons Kak my BidpKeta tov éxous. H peTaBoAH avti ovoudigerar 3 BEARDEN eviiowa peraBods amowAicews xaparenplvera we augavopevn (increasing) # edActoUpevn (decreasing), aviAoya ue to av augdvetar H peubverat. TAnpodopies oyewRd we thy andkAion BoloKouHe: a) Fra avepoddyie'twv ouvnGopévwy vauruxiiy xaprtiv (EtK.4)- B) And exdunés KaymOhes tong HayunTuKiig cetSKALONS (isogonic lines) twv vewuxiy vauaxy xapribv (Eux.2). Y) Ané etSuxous xéptes aroKAicews (variation charts) (Etx.3). TTS NAYTIAIA | 3 Nay Ande dues, The pa MAagh, Arbeacen Vepurye‘Euc. 5.1 Ito avepcAdyto TOU vaunikod xaprn Mapexovect rAnporbopies orev je IV hayunoc arb FY ‘epirewan tou Biravod axénarocn waynes anseion etpi@nee vo 1974 kat elvan ‘avgavopevn kore 3 exact, eu 5.2.0 xdpmn mc napandvw exdvas Hos rapéxer ns Karé tonoUg TUES TOY Have cmoxAicewy und thy HopOr KayMUAGY Lang HayynEERG aMOKAicns (isogenic lines) Eu 5.3 Xépms amordioe,— Admiralty ‘Magnetic Variation Chart - 5385 Indian Ocean ‘NAYTIAIAL 20 ntctieaeenrnettanennmenth tenet erSneenS Rt e5.3 YroRoywoyés abyxpovnc andkAianc: Ané ta Mponyoupeva yiverar Katavonté du ot Tyés TwV amOKAicewv KOU Bploxoupe ce onovaérnote nnyii, avadépovrai ae opicpévo ypdve. fa tov ASyo auTS, N andkAion nou BoloKoupe ndvw otous xéptes Ba npéner va avéyetat oe Fla va unohoyicoupe my adyxpovn anéxdon Ba xonowionoujooupe tous napaxde Tinous: Emy nepimwon mg Haywnturig anoKAloews (An) nov napéxerat oto avepohéyto m¢ etkdvac 5.1 éxoupe: Napdv étog = 2019 Frog petpricews tg An= _ 1975 (-) SAB, UHERKSOV' ctv -AataoKeuH toU MAoiou. Metafodgs nov odpeidovrat ce + ‘GMayrenopeiag (kat oe adAayr G£ong tou mAoiou omy enupavera ts Fns).7 Napexcponi{ TP (Deviation, Dev.) ovopdzoupe tv ywvia. nou oxnnariZerat Hetagi ms KaTEv8bvaEWs tou LayNTKOU Boppé BH Ka tou Boppd nuEt5ac it: XapaxtnpiZetat we Avatoauc / Aegis / Oetuct / A / 5 / (+), (East, E), dtavo "Br BploKetat avatohuxétepa Ff Se€idtepa tou By Kat wo Aucuci / Aptotepty / Apunruni /A / p / (-), (West, W), tay o Bit Bloxetat Surusrepa Raptotepstepa, i Bi (oy. 5.2). ame 52 apexcpore} -TP / Deviation a. Te: +/5/A/E B. Te: -/p/B/W H mapaxtpomi} perapédAeran: a) And nufiéa ce nufida, mév oto {6.0 Toto. ‘Auré aupBaiver A6yw tS Srahopeuixiis Katavoptis TOU oiSepéviov UAKOU Thou Bploxerat yopwGev tS xaBe nusidac, 8) Ané tv nopeta tou nAotou yia thy (6a. nusida, enetSr} petaBdAAerat xerebBuvon tng aiBepévias paZag TOU WE RpOS To PayuTTEUKG Boppé. dbo MorpEinpniby Kit NANBSBOHUES HEP meprexoveat oaupo.” KaGe payvnruc nugisa ndvw.ctd Toto elvat ehodtaopévn pe to 61xd ts ravaxiSto napextporiby (compass deviation card), (eu. 5.4). Be quté to mavaxi6to Kat Yt. KBE 22,5° Ropela (ouviGws), Sivovrat ot myiéc tg Mapextporttig me TUELbas KaGdds kat enwvupia ths. Thx to waxiso napexcporaiv tng napaxérw exxévac 5.4 éxoune: 081° nopelac tou mAolou, n Mapextport tS nueiSac elvat +1°. NAYTIAIAL 2Deviationstabel Deviation Table Se te f a F ee zgafe de toeeem ga k ait OHCUUUCECTESTETTUC EVER ESTE TER HERES Ely Frou FHtlbach, Gog rosette 2 tie 1 0818 aan ‘Tepone 991530 7» Telt 38995927 Eux. 5.4 Ynd5erypa mvaxidlou napextponi / Compass Deviation Card 5.6 Opropde MapadayhiopaAperos nukiSag (compass error): “Teipaxkaiys NIP (Compass.error) ovopdtoupe thy ywvla nou oxnporiZeran HETHEY ths KerrevBUVEEWS Tou aAn Bois Boppd BA kat tou Boppé nuElSag Br. —— Xapaxrnpierin we Avarorun / Besta / Oecuxth / A / 5 / (+), (East, £), dtavo ~ Br Bploxerar avatodixdtepa H Sefstepa tov BA kau wo Autuxi / Aptoteprt / NAYTINA | i BApunrunt /A/ 9 / (-) (West, ‘W), otav o Br: Bioxerar SucuKétepat} aptorepotepa, ‘tou BA (ox. 5.3). Br BA : _ BA Br np 53 HapadAay - Nip / Compass error a. Mp: +/6/A/E B. Np: -/o/BW 000°-180" xan Siveran and tovrrapaxdr> wono: Heri tng petaBadAEran aed ‘Ano tov napandvw TOTO efayovetat kat Ot aKdAol \ | uot xprioyot ToL: | ‘amd va rapordyw yiverar davepe ov N napadAayt amotehet TO cyeBpuxd 4Bpoioua Tg amoKAioEWG KaL TS napexrporiis (ZX 5.4) Kard t0 cevie va BwopBivoveat ot evbeifers Tu HAYVATIKGY mgibuv vit vo qaveamoxpivovtat avic oan Gels Kat avetotpoba. musa Eybong pate * sprang: Sra sive yuworh 1, cocorduon, Kat, ‘oeav Sev éyoupe my Buviruyte We Kala: aré nig ywwotes UeBO50N6 ens » qxcomdatag th aotpovoHIKc vavatnAotas va pOaBLOPLOOUHE TY rapadhayth toy muf{Swv, véte, tv unoRoyizoUHE ‘ané-tny An xdprn Kat om6 thy Tp FOU NAYTIAIA | oFmavaxiSiou Mapextponuv. uti} n HéB060c Ba mpémet va anopedyerar, yuorct n “(Sid Tp Sev npéret va xonoyonotettat ce extetapéves yewypaduKés reptoxéc, ci. peté ané thy napéAevoN peydhwy xpovuxdy Siaotnpétw and thy tekeutaia =. pOGpion mo nukiSag, perd amo extetapéves emtoxeuss wetaoxevés oro nAolo “gat Stav to MAolo elvar optwpévo We WeTAAAEdHaTA H GAA RapEdepés boptio, nou ennpedver ric payyntixés NUELSEs, ATKHZEIE NpogStopipou. m¢mapanAayiis Stay evar yuwory fh ondKAton, [Gis UTdpyer biaBE oro raveKidio Napextpondiv. * ‘Exouvtas obxpovn andKALcn AN=3°W Kat AauBévovtas amd to mvaKt6to Tapextpontiv tng nugiSas Tp=2"E, {nreirat n napadayr Np ts nuEiSac, noo" Nip = (An) + (£Tp) = Mp = (-3°) + (+2°) —aekmezetiiVily @eyouvrac ooypovn andeAton AN=1°W Kat AapBavoveac and to mivaKiBto napextpomiv tg MuEiSag Tp=3°E, {ntetrarn mapaAayy Mp ts mugiSas. Tip = (2m) + (Tp) = Np = (-1") + (43°) <> BP Peovvcas obypovn andkAwon An=1"E kar AapBavoveas and to ravaxi5eo Tapextpontiv ms nugisas Tp=2°W, @ntettat n RapaAayy Np tng mugiSac, Mp = (An) + (Tp) => Mp = (1°) + (-2") SEER, GF rrovvias adypovn andkAton An=1°W kat napahayr nugiSas Mp=2°E, ‘Sntetran n napextpon} Tp tn¢ nuEiSas,ro aveyoRéno tov xéprn Bofikcawe HayyrtKt-cAdrALoM Artaans]=3°30" W n onola eharvibverat 5’ emoluc, eniang and to mivaxiBto mapertpanibv zs ufi6ag, ripaye Tp=2°E. Motd eivatn rapahayi Np wng musibas; Shon Napév érog= 2019 ‘Exoc petprigews tng AN = _ 2005 (-) An (xdptn) = 3°30" W Onuxt} petaBoAH = _1° 10" Tip = (#An) + (Tp) > Mp = BP méovrac je nopeta 110", SaBAZoune ovo wAnoeorepe aveyiohdyto tov vpdpen Anes" 19°E (2010) ear. repinou & expolug, And vo rwvaxibio apextponiny yur thy Mapanévw ropela riipaus via ty \euveipis nua Tprer0S"E Kot ya tay Stonnipia ruéiba TPisenj=1,S°W. Zntetroar va unphoworeln napahaiyf re (Guvetpuac Kat Stor}p.as mUE|Bac Tou Wholous nee Napév étog= 2019 ‘Exo petproews tng AR= _ 2010 7 Tous = (24st) + (2p) = Mp = (-4,1°) + (40,59) > SRE Toten) = (Art) + (TP) = Mp = (-4,3°) + 45°) aa NAYTIAIAL 26 1 t i5.8 (Metatponiy: aknOiv Storedcewy: ce Gomtesozs nugiSas. Kat ~autiorpoga. Haipovras plo. bténteven evdc aveikeysévou pe trav nUELSa tou MAoiou (Atn), = elvan onapattnto va thy SlopSwcoupe ge aAnOrh (AA), npoKeevou va thy xap&foupe otov vautixd xéptn. Enions, pia adn6} Stértevan modAés hopes @éhoune va thy avétvoupe ce 6éntevan nUEiSac. KataAaBalvoupe Aomév nw6 ceiver anapaitnto va SiopSdcoupte tic aANBeic Btortedoers Was ve BioncEd cE rugiSac Kot avtotpoda. Elva davepd mus ot Stontevoers muElSd¢ Ke ot cAnGels Stontevoetc Stadépouv Katd th napadAayr}. Enopévws n ccANSrig GrSrcreuon eivat to aryeBptKd GBpotcpa tng Stontevcews nugisag Ker THIS napaAayris. Ondte npoKUnteL o napaKértw tnoG: t A kANonas: ra perabopé Stontedcews ané nukiba ce xéprn madi and AQK GE AT, 1 avartohucr Mp mpoctiGeran Kau n SuTUKI] axdatpetean. (2x 5.5). To avriGero Kdvoupe and xéprq oe rusisa, n avatoRint axbaupetcan Kou Surur} mpootiBerat (2x 5.6) 134,55 akép0ten dtomadomg = Np avec 1% 5.6 AudpBton duoreeboaug pep Sut (Roikiioets peterporiis, ened, Sioreedoewv ce! Stontevoeig wugibac Kat / NAYTIAIAL 7a AVIVULAWN, srigorouotholdX nou oun. -spgygm Sta |uiodwradu ala stinoxoydg wy 9°g odndépdou ano arinwmgig nou cups giomAA pod srinogyIs ‘(du) \Aoyyodou ala wx (ary) Uowyrque Ala YomAA ariaoX7 Nou IPL —“E - "yse9/\pnyouDAD ways ne dy U saga ‘gntiag thd Suoadypdn SLn wrlozyq1010 02 APS “ysom/\pnung tonya dij U suga ‘gmaundn Tag Suoadyopo Sua wriosyquoun 02 Pa Z “dy ADyyodpu Ala artaoxoydg wo UZ/UDV AL YZAOV ALR gu arigodingy © T sgoriovtoyoun 319d, : “Sort Sogygeut sua (di) yuodnsdou ala wo» (dy) WAmyyodou al arinooyoyoun Da arigodount ‘9x “undpX noro arinoxoydg ala my Uonproum Ypauinkor! lb 9 nongriogsg ox “tuz {1 uz) nojoyu. aoa Byadou Uj Lonaauorg U TOM (XZ UY YA¥) no} AO augig Syaliyo U YuomaA Yony2 nou Lomaaqdan AUIS ‘upnaiiuong Yuonnggsxon ‘Selo 4 EBB © (27°1) + 012 = 0 © (8uF) + nb = MY ea (.2'T-) + 098 + «5/000 = ov & (UF) + @av = NON GREER (.2'1-) +.S'000 = av © (LFF) + thay = how aA “UndpX oro arinoypdnX ng nou N307S1U0g Saxorounn 10 agogowoyoun DA waysilZ “M.Z'T=dU) THAIS Spggau Sua. \ptodoradms 4.002 = bv * .S'000 = Many ‘ .S'0v0 = nay SHH2 90 spdu ‘Sua aemaTlus amanda anda 1309 a1UOg ‘gu ndaugig Ln: 3Hl artpoda3W\, : SSSR (.0-)- .060 = wv & (OUF) - Yay =22¥ HAV Spr ngygau aun SprngiouoThoUdX odpp nox arigog 09 now apy Uonaiugg U wA3 DB PIOU *Mab=dU TON] SHgygAU U2. YApyyody U ‘,o60-av Nod UonaIugg guy ladpX.noro sribypdnx’ SeeERamigeIs vTtOhoy. i 0 Scary Fig ReTEVOUVON H StdMtevaH. Kae memeber a ‘Siértevan nusisac, tortevan evos ddpou ATA=102" Kau thy {Sia ovr we thy Suommpla MUsiba ov. MAotou, Siontedoape tov (Sto apo mpoc Agr=100°. Eto mAnotéotepo avepohdyto Tou xéptn StaBdoape payyntxt améxAwon 3°30’ W (2005) (5'E). Mptsion) = 088° - 090,2° -Fipiéien = 22° w Tp = (4Mp)- (Ar) => Tp = (22°) 2° 5.10 “YitoNoyionds TOU adaaperog nS mugisas xeRoWoroUdytaS evevypappiceiceniverwy oradepdhy avtiketsévev. remy axtordota, pia and tis mo abomiotes jeBS50us uTPoRoytopod TOU adadyaros tng Musisas, eivat n xpnoworoinan evdvypappiceay eniyewy oraSepwiv avtiKeyevev. riven xoravonr6, ont ovay orepld, onowabfrote Bo onueta opifovy pia cudeia. Ae ré&poune 640 Katara onpeis, via apGBENHS Eva gave (@) Kat sya. efwedtt (E) (ox. 5.7). Merpane oro vaured xapen BE TO BurapGAAndo (Katt nporot racoupe exel), ty Kereveuvon ts evduypappicews twy dbo avtby arora onpeliv n orola KaL aToveNAEL TV ACR. Karériv nnyaivoupe omy mufiBa was. Thy oy nou BREMoUHE aUTe Ta Gio onpeia evevypapmionéve. etpaue ue-mny 6térerpa wa thy BuortEvaH TOUS Ka grou éxoupe thy 6torecevan nugléac At. Adaupdvtas amo thy ATA thy Aer BoloKOUHE tO ocbdhue Mp tng tuEi6as has. rau Avaronuxr / East: | Buti / West 5x. 5.7 Yrooywopds tov addApeitog tng nUE5aG ‘ypnoworousvtas evBuypappioets eniyeuny B By | ovadepv avaneinevwy 5.11 Metatpont xng wopelas musiBag oF AeA ropela Kat aveloxpoda (unonoyiaiio). Kan e6tb tober 6x Exoupe mepiypaipet yiat tis BLonTEUCEL. NAYTIAIA | 30© Tia va petarpépouye thy mopeid nvfléag oe nopela yéprn XeNoWoroLobLE tov Rapakérw TUT: 2 fla va perarpéipouse thy nopeia tou ydpm of mopela nufisac xpnowonovodpe tov napaKdéew tno: | A KANONAZ: Ma petaopd nopetac and nukiba oe xéptn SndAaSrh ard Zr GE ZA, n awaroluc Fip npootiBerat Kat n SuTuK adbaupettan (Fx 5.8). To avtiGeto Kévoupe and x4ptn oe MUgiba, n avOTOAIKH adatpetrar Kot Surucr} npoctiBerax (2x 5.9) 2X5.8 AuwpOdbaers noperdy 2X5.9 AwpBwoeIg ropewv 6rav 0 Mp eivat avacoauer (A/E) érav 1 Np eivar Suwa (A/W) rpomric. ms, nopeiac:. nugi6a, ce-.aAnB.mopeta-nat ., irettoun opeia nou 8a npéret va tnpriel onUsaMovxoc Stay to adda RUESag ear Mp=3°W Kat n xapaynevn nopeta otov xdorn etvert ZAKSemerphoaye tr Budreevan Karadavous aveuxerHEvoy TAG Spa oto v. xépTn AQ=134". Kar tov mou, HE ropeia musibac Zm=N22°Z Giortevoope Toto rxpog ta apuotepde ths TANG has 24-25" (KoKeavo). H mapadAayl ts RUE isas ta elon Mp=2,5° E. Znretrat va unohoyrarauy To ‘axéhouda: AH BiSrceven tH MuElbas Ag rou 6a petpfoovHE érav to moo Bpedel raves orn Siortevon tw 134° B. H nopeia: ZA nov axohoudel to mhoio Has oto x4TN- F, Handautn Btortevan Agr tov TAoIoU OU napornpnenke. a. Ag = ADA: (4Mlp) => Age = 134"-2,5° ogmemaat B. Zito = 180° + 27 =# Zohn = 180° + 22° Zrcoa = 202° Thetn + Nip T= 202" +25 SS vy. Ages Zt 3x = Ale = 202" 25° €2 Ate = 477° Mi zyretvou n nopela nov Oa npénet va mpfget o mudahiobyos Stay n "yapaypévn mopela otOV yaépmn etvat ZA=215°, apexcport tg muEidac elvat To=2,5° E kau n Hay NTR axedton ts MEPLOKTS elvan An=1,5°W. nea Tip = (An) + (£Te) >'N1P 2n= ZA- Np = Zn= 215° -T ogee Sj nolo tafiSever We aANOr Mopela ZA=095". @Bavovtas oe onpaverpa A Skpércet va. aNAAEEL nopela Tas ZA=O8S". H aAnGel &idrcevan tou onHavehpa elvan AMA=180". Atverat 1 ‘AncA°W, kat n Tp=2°E. Zntouvtat Age tou onpaveiipa Ka8iis Kat n véat rropeta. nU6l5a inp = (An) + (£Tp) = Mp = (-4,0") +1 € Mp = 3,0" W a= AQh- Mp = Age = 180° - (3°) EEE Du =DA—Np = Zn = 085" - (3°) SERS? 5.12 SbpKpronuevAelgEdiSO0, ayvrraKcoy MUEBUV. KON npooBtopioyuss _napaRhaiie vig iter oearelvae vowel nreapanniyhyenesIANs : -1,5*) +.2,5° @ Np =1,0°E ‘Dav undipyouv ovo moto 60 wayvnrrxés ev€lBes Kan RapadAayA ens Has ivan rua, vore elvar Suyarés 0 RpodbtopioHds ts rapaNRaris 7s XAng mutlSac, Ta va yivet. utd, 6a npéret va cUyKpLVOULE TIC xatevOdvoets THY » -Bb0- TRUMSWN KAL VOL EapHSTOUPE TOUS MApAKET mous. TvwplZovtas THY opeta kat vo oséana mg Roding nuélBas, unChoylZovHE mv ‘An Ot nopela. NAYTIAIAL i ' biKarénwv edapyexoupe tov 6evtepo tino apaipéveac’and mv aAn@ nopeta [7 tHV mopeta tng Geutepng mugi6ac. H avéyvwon twv mopeuby Kat tw 540 _-mufiSwv 6a npénel va yivet tautéxpove. GuijoeNs: odyKpion¢. eVbelfeuv 506" URyuNTIKwY:: nusbwv kau ponte Rapaddayiic th¢-flag étav-eiven yowou}-n mapaAAayr «ns dona Bpedet n napadayr} tng Wuvinplas nugisas érav n napaNAayth tn¢ Storcenpias elvat Nptsen)=2,1°W. H nopeta nou Beixvet n Siontnpianuéiéa evar Zron=095° Kat 9 Nopeta rou Seixvet n Wuvinpla rutléa elvat Zm)=093,8". Den += Zr{6.0n) + Mp(éion) = ZA = 095° + (-2,1°) © ZA =092,9° Noe) = ZA- Zrye) = Nps) = 092,9° - 093,8° -ragTAG Gey + 6.1 DAEs yewBauoiag FewSauata elvat n ertottun nou aoxohetrat pe: . Tov npoBioptapé tou peyEBous Kat TOU oxtpatds Ts Tw unordnwen tunndtuv A Kat chéKAnpns ens enupéveras ts yng oe Wysatxa PHSFUpEoea ey tye 6.21 Dork empavera. # “A duouxr enupdvera tng yng xapaxmnpiZetar ané éva axavéwioto oxy He eyes ebahuxés efdpoeic, O1 wkaravol kat ot BéAaoaEs KaAUTttouv Repinov 071% ts enupdverag tg yns. To WeyaAUTEpo B&Bos tng EdAaooas to BKOUUiE tiv Tédbp0 twv Maptavidv Koved ota vncud Mariana tov EwpnviKod vourKat prdvet ta 10.971 pétpa, Evid to WeyaASTEpO Lipos napovardzet OPUGH. Everest ota [aAdia Kat eivat 8,848 étpa..ZvyKplvovtas Tous 8G gurouispe my buéon accivartng yng nou eivar 6.372 km BAenoupe det 33¥ Si VIVIAN “SpogramaA no ianpass H 79 XE seoremk -yordau alo ‘9’! nn um wrod acaba mo yo th rns mo Pse9He manpdua ala yaysioun Suoyug “bpdoponn BHULORD gMTTONOIO O39 SpaORARE BSH Ms U OAs 59g1AMaA 0}. ‘N02 oysrIUo 3gHM 30 N02 pIsKPHNS Alno Un3gpx worga (Surgpao Sua SouDriya non Loanggarg U) nododoxnsn% Sun Uoanggang U mug ramigyodu Sgogramsh nor griodo 40. 9 “(79 Xo) soalandng Sua Suonnpma Sta SoxpriogaDig nox Uonnggaig Wo W3gp Jorwew THA ou mianpgns U wry S9gr3maA 02 119 arigou nn srinogodonm PB suopsa -Snodyauli Su. gumD map TO qoranjansaus DA ‘Urigh2o dun, Unzr! Luo pogortadu ‘PeepYPe Ua srigor0 0240 hm ‘imsyapHliMo now oianponus U vonys d9giamsh or “OY PYYP WN ‘ “(npalugano ngondimpoor ami ix amaprinsd ama ‘AMOI Am ‘gmap AO ‘godan nor Spalagarau U2 amyogwiarl ama n3opdgn1a 3. 9uD Ungrimgdorg) UF page atl OAM RPOORYEG AMT UMgpIO UST UW OdsHgBSIISU ami Wrigpis UogT Un odaxgpoida saqMaoodir non (poalagdog no} fnombA nor Snogi3mad 102 0}3IUO 3B 30 ogmmsA oo ong) o1 maya Soalagdng Sua. ganrtonng o2 yey) SUA Sin swalagdng nojgae fon BIaApOIIs pnrtpangoor U wDAys 93g133A OL “spogiamaA noa ranpdiua ALL ‘manpepiua Yanopsand it gun Ddaaqyy vo133)\/s00. SUA Sta ortbXo of (p1029) sagaokz7s) -ypranpéuss SumYA Sypnong Sia n30d32 10 T'9 XZ wos -(t°9 Xo) dun SpapWD SU gr90004 orapriion agoys10u00 ‘goanog dorh odaxgyodst on rox SeamYHE SUR sogpg odauqypésri o2i Gadenentonsts (Spheroid) i pave wee apamciva, vo yeweuSéc elvan wie axavonorn xuuerossBiig > Fudaveta, opel _va_avaropactabel waOjnauKd. Ero. ‘avmKaQoroupe to yewelbés ne ula GAN emupdvela, We EOKOAN HaBHRaTKA 2 tatUmwon, Tou exer Suws TH yevext] wopeA Kat to HeyeGoc tou yewerdouc. H poBnporuch auth emddvera _ovoydterar ehAeubosidés Kar exer pra benet anox ané to yewerdéc, uxxpdtepn Twv 100m oe oAbeANoN why ExecGON mH evd 0 wéo0¢ Opog aNoNrG o'ohOxAnpI m_yn elvat +30 pétpa. To ‘eMeupoetdés Snhadh elvan pia waSqporucdh enubavera, pe KEvTpO to KevEpO ndgeg ts yng Kat éfova_cupperpiag tov dfova repiotpodiis ms, nou rpoaeyyifer to yeweldéc, (oy. 6.3). RRODEW Iie TO YeNEER.| i t 2. 63 Avanapdotagn eteupoeiboig kat vewerBod erupéverac 6.2.4/ARSicAiON THs KaraLKOpUEou , ‘AndkAton tg KataKdpudou (8) oe éva onpelo Kadettat n ywvia nou ‘oxnparier n KdGern ato eAAeupoeisés Kat n KataKdpudos (SAAS n KéBen “oto yewet6éc) oto onpelo (ox. 6.4). Auti xapaxtnpiZet to nd00 taipudZouv to YewEISEc kat TO EAEUpoeLSEc oTHV Meptoy! Tou anpEioU. Adyw tHs andeAtons “ qutrig to yewnerpixd uipopetpo h Sev tavtigerat He to d@potcpa H+N. Karaxopidou. 356.2.5 Feeders UWOS rewbarnxd dos elvat nq andoraon anoiousinote onuelov and ro eAreupoeSéc xa perpétai Kard pijKog ts “KaBEtOU. 7r0 oyna 64 oupBoaiZetat ws h. 6.2.6 Yipos rou yewer5oug enei6i Smug etree xox napantivw n erupdvetd tou yewerbods elvan exvauadn, unéipxovy onpaveés Siacbopéc peragd wv 50 emubaverdsv, tO epreupoewous xax Tou yewerBous TG tdgng tw +100 m, ot omoles axbépovean we amoxés tou yewwei6ous (geoldal undulations) A vipopetpa rou yewer5ous (geoid heights). 6.3 FewSeunixd Gipos kan yewsarixd wRETOS rewBarnud mAéros > H vewyparixd rdétos ¢, KaAeirat n ywwvia, AMP Tov exnuarrfer n kaBerog omy emubdvera tou eXheuporiBous a6 ro onpeto P He aa eteebo tou wan epvou (ox. 6.5). Merpuérat ané rov ionEPWv® TPS TOUS GouG, and 0° éws 90°. 14.65 To yeuxevepiné (iG) karo yewbacnxd (yewypaxs) éros (9) oxo eMeupoedéc, 6.4 Optopdcenc etunadruvans Kat TH ‘org elvan yor, pla EXAeun Suaxpéper cord tov KbKRo xorrd ty heyopEvn emunddruvon, Eva LhaipoeiSéc KaBopIerat elce ard tov peysho nuigove (2) feat and tov piKpé nutéfove(b), cite ond tov 2 at mv erurhdruver f ‘Onou: = aa ae > emunAdruvon tou eAeitpoetdous = 0,00335281068 = >-5>-> 2-9 F tonjepwvh axtiva = 6.378,137 km py WTOAU akttvar= 6.356,75231. km NAYTINAT? 36 ! i222 = 6.371,00877 km 6.5:TEWOUTURD Kat YewKEVEpLKS MASrOG , Teuevepuxd Ado elvan n ywvia petags tou enuréSou tou tonuEpivod Kat /pauniic and to Kévtpo tou eAReupoetBous, ANaéy eivat n ywvia ty nou oxnuarizerat edv evidcoupe to onyeio P pe to Kévtpo ‘MGS yn¢ O (ox. 6.5). To ~ VEWKEVTPUKO MATOS elvat wiKpétep aNd To. yewSartKS Mhdtos. H ywvla v ovondzerat yevia tng KataKopsepou. And to tplywvo OMP tou oxrijaos 6.5 mpoxebrret n axdhoubn oxéon: ee Bory xufb=o-J H tant} ths ywwlac th¢ KataKopudou divert and tov tUnO: ewxevtpuxé TAT Xpnoyonotouvtar UévO oTHY KaTHOKEUA -tOU KaropiKos Yapm, émou exel AapBdverar undiby to npayyanxd Meubosibéc oxruamns yng, Bacn twv 840 avwtépwv tinwy unodoyifoveat ta ewxevepixé Md Kat weows avedv ta eugopepr rAd (meridional parts), ta (rola napéxouv vavnxot nivaxes, yea tm aSHoTKr KoTaOKEU TwV' ‘svotipata avadopac ot FewSaicia avéAoyer ye ty Béon tou KEvepoU (OU TpLoopBoydmiou ovati|patoc cuvtetaypévwy, Tou elvat Kal to KEvEpO TOU KetiboerSouc avapopac nou xpNsiportotowv, Staxplvovrat Kupiws ce: -VEwSarrxd obotnHa avabopds opiterar we thy emoyrh wv W evds EXAeupoetSous kat thy KaTAANAN tonOBETar TOU Gote va }obeyvicet 6a0 to Suvarév KaAStEpa thy npayperiKt enubdveta-tns vnc. Env EAAdSa xprjoyonoioupe to EAAnvixd FewSarnixs Edotypa. {ETZA 1987) to ondio elvat éva nepupeperaxd yewSditexd abotna VHLONKe dare voi taiprddZer KaAUTEp@ oto yeweLdés ts EAAGBaC, Ac Lavarbopds xpnaisonouel to eXAeupoeibéc GRSBO (Geodetic Reference 980). 37EXAqvixd FenSaurixd ZGompa Avadbopds 1987 (ETzA'87) Bvopa npoBolxod cvcefpatoc: EAAnuixé Fewbarrxd Eoompa Avadopac 87 Feobarnxd odompa avadopéc (Datum): [EFLA 87 we adempia to perateOnntvo _yesixevtpo, Bddpo Auowsoou EMnzupoetbéc avahopac: ‘GRS'80 Meyédos nuvégovas edAeupocibouc a: | 6378137.000m Enuradruvon edeupoei5ous (1/4): 1/298.2572236 ‘| Be eeciameniaiaaAvedens Zuri Siiverdiational Tearestrisl Reference EGme)JElvai nayxdouto obotnua avarbopas to onoto eivat YEWKEVEPIKS, TO xévepo wdtas to [ng MpoaétoplomKe ya ondKAnpH «tH OTH, dupnepdaudvovtac tous wxeavous Kat thy arpdadaupa. Exe66v KaGe iyo yodna éva véo ITRF vAonotelrar Baowpévo omy avéhvon Twy vewy naparnproewy, ordre kat Snwootevovrat ot cuvtetaypéves Tw oTaGHibv ROU to vRortotoiv. To tEAEUTaio elvat to ITRF 2014 nou avaxpéperat owny Enoxl upminrel We to ITRS TV eTtoxH 1989.0 xa elvat ovaBeps ws TpOs TO aperéBAnto tuhpa ths Eupaoueraxtis WAdKaG, 6.7 Fevuxée népt Nayxoopion.femSarnxo Evotiipartos Avacbopas (WGS84) To. WGS (World Geodetic System) dpxe vaavartiocetat and to unoupyeto éuuva Twv HLA. tm Sekaetla tou 1960 He oxoné va optotel Kat vatSpu8el eva yewrevpxd yrivo odomya avadopdc KA8e vo WES adorn trav Kal aKpiBeotepo tou MponyouEvou. Ta WGS72 Kar WGS84 xpnoworoujEnkay yia tov unoAoyoHS Tu ednuepluv (umodoyiouds tpoxubv Sopupépuv) twv Bopupspwv tov cuotiipsitos TRANSIT (Doppler) kat GPS, Katt ya tov éyo auté éywe Bexrd to Wosed, we éva Backs abernua avadopds Kuplug om vavouthota Kat aepondota. To WGS84 npaknkd oupmirret HE TO TewSarnkd ovotnpa WGS80 kat yonowonoiel edreuboeiBéc avaopéic, tou onolov n eninAdruvon Biacbépet oXb Ayo ané exelvn Tou eAAetpoeibods WGSEO. Eivan évar ounBaraxé yrhwo avotnpa avadopdc (CTRS) Kat axoAoueel ta Kprttipta tou IERS. H vAoroinen tou WGS84, etd ard Kémoues avaBewprioets, ouvénece to 2002 pe to ITRF oro eniedo tou 1 cm: Enopévuc, yict Tpaxnixollg oKoTIouG tO WGS84 kat To ITRF propel va GewpnBoov 6x tavtiZoveat Kat n VAortolnor tous oTY mpdén yiveran gow twv ouvretaypévw twv oTadpiby nov cUBHETeKoUV oT wetprioets. NAYTIAIAL : 48ya ente6o xapt. 7:f1POBOAEE XAPTON “@ Baotiés ywdoets tony npoBoddy vaunucdy xapttiy =Xépm ovopéZouue mv ameuévion und KAtuaxxer “-xapuKtnpiovixiy plac yewypaduxris neptoyrig | oddKAnonc ts yng nave of Tw duotkiy ‘Yntipxouv noNéc Kanyopies xapty kai noAAd ein oe KAGE Katnyopta. NpofoAd xdpmn NUE Tov tpéno avanapdotaans tou ahaipKa’ oxtpato¢ ‘tig Ing evo enine60. Yndpxouy apKeréc E8001 MpoBoAd Kau Kée [E6060 exer ta buck TE XepakmnpiowKé avdhoya Ue ty mepiewon nou Ba xonowmonomBel. Or Biaopéc ueragd Siadspwv rpdnwy npoBoddv ylverat cuodntH dtav ovanapaotodpe peyées erubavetes inc vnc, Avdhoya He ta Kprtfpia nou Ga entAgEouyie, ot npoBoAég Karatdogovtat oe: — Kprmnpio poole Karnyopic npoBoki¢ | Novos anetovicews © AvoAutuKes * Tewpetpixés © Hpwavahurixes | Atatienan oxhwatos * XUupopdec “Diatipnon euBaboo * looSbvapes | Erubdvera us tr BorGe.a tg ontotac yivetat n | npoBoat, © AtwouBtaxés 1 Eninedes, * KuAwépucés, 2 Kovucés anewovicers Avéoya pe th fon tou fovea TOU KuAivSpou fh TOU Kibvou, o€ oxéon Le Tov dove neprorpodric © OpQEc, dtav ot dEover KUAIVEpoU A Kdvou oupnirrouy pe tov é€ove tne yne © Eykdpates, étav ot dfovec KUALvSpou 1 KivoU eivat KaBero1 otov dove neptotpod ig ms vnc eMAdyec, Stay oL dfovec Bpickoveat ce evBidueaes B£oe1¢ 3X74 Xaproypacbuxés npofiohés avdAoya: ue ey 8éon tou dfova tou KuAlvépov fh tOU Kibvou, oF axéen we Tov fGver neptatpodrig-tnc yng 39Kwvixi mpoBoAn (conic projection) nv KWVIKH, TMPOBOAR to onueta tH¢ emibdveig mou Tpemel vo ameixovtadouv npoBdAAoveat Tava oe Kibvo H KiVoUS ad to KEvIpO TNS aoalpac, and to onoto’ npoBdAoUBE ta pos avanapdoracn onHeia won elva pnNBeveer oro onHEto ercapric Kat weyaribver ouvexidg ypu ard aurd. BH AtyouBtaxKr poBoh Or atpoueaxés mpoBonéc xwplZovean oe (oX.7.8): © rumpovun npoBohi drav to parti tov napatnpnt roroBeretvat atO KEVEpO “ing yng, Fenv neplrttvan tng Maya WoHeVEt MpOBON ot weonABpwol napiatévoveat cav evbeles ypanués nov avyKAivouv RpO« tov WAnotEaTEPO néXo. Or rapaAANAoL MAéTOUG EKtds aM6 TOV LonLEpvd TapatdvovTal GAY aymtines, Extos amt6 to onto enaibric, n mapapspdwon oxnpdrray etvat evan Kou edyiova potdZouv He ta avrlotoue mpayporuce. _ Froug auvndtouevous ywwpovuKots xdptes Sev uMopOdHE va HeTpH|OOUKE anoaticetc, nopeies th Stortev ets. Movabixé kat Baoikd MAgoveKcnpa Tou -wHovtKod xaprn elvat dt to TOGO eyiorou KikAow ony enidaveta ing yng Raptotdverat cav evdela. _ -And-thv WapovURt MPOBOAA TapayeTat o xpriawos ywHOViKos xaPTNG © onolog naptové tny opBobpopia ws euBela yanu (ox. 7:9). NAYTIAIAT a01 ywwonovuxot xéptes KaAUnTouV exrdets wkeavisy Kau xonoweboUY vice ‘Thy Yeats exiAuan tou opBoSpoptixod maou. Stepeoypaduc} npoBols dtav to ude tonoGetetran avabiaperpKds and to miteto enadns 2. 7.8 AgwuoubiaKsh npoBon: A, Tuwpovter npoBOAA we to were oo Kévtpo enc yng B, Brepeoypapixi| npoBoAs 6ray 10 det vonoBeretrat avnBiauerpiKc axé to onucio enacbne ¥, Opeoypagucr| npoBokn pet oto émeipo37.10 Kudwvépuct mpoBohh, npoBodig >) ~ OnSKAnpN N eMubévera uns yNs ametKovigerat ce enitedo oxiHaTOG opBoywvio Ot pecnuBpwoi aneuxovi~ovean ce KaGetEs ypannés TeapahAnres Kat (oes erags tous, Exovras To Kos Tou Afover tAG yng. Tea ny {ta Suacbopa i\kous n HETOES tous andoraon napapéver {Bia OtrapaAAnhot nAdrous anexxoviZovrat oe op\Zovmies yrapwés KABETES ROG ous peonpBpwois Kat TapdAAnhes petal tous, éxoveag tO UKOS TC epubépeias tov tonpepwod. Fa ty (Bia Stabopé WAéous n Hetagb tous axdoraan ehaTRAVEtaL a6 TOV LonjEpIvé Ips TOUGMERUS. = Or nédot and onpela névw orn yn omeuKovigovtat He evBeies ypaunes ices ne tov tonnepws. = Edaov-ot peonpBpwot opiKpivenkay (svpmEcTHKaY) Kat ot RapANANKOL emanxdvOnkay éneran duu Sev StormnpriOnke n oporstnta Tuy oxNHETWY ovo KuawvbpiKé avarmuypcl. (72)pustes iipaka xaomn WAipioxce xépm elvan o ASyos rng EMbdvEIG TOU XEPTA, NOG TY avEloTOKN emupaveta.ths yns- Xaipaucen prowuxds xudtvS put Exepdterat av K=1/N,, nov onpiaiver éet 1mm # Lem ovo xdpen avewroryet oe NmmriNcmotny emupavet tns yns- ‘vouch eAipaxar xaptn. Karé tn yonowonoinan avgonepiby yewypabucwy marie orn KaraoKeur TOU HEPKarOpIKOY XPT, N KAlwaKa eivat Btadoperie avér Stdbopa nad, Fa to héyo auTs, 1 KAiNaKa. aTOUG HepKaTOPLKOUS xEPTES avadéperar Tdvta yia GUyKeKpIévo yewypadixd —mAéTOG Kat yapaxmnpiera @uouch KApaxa, (Natural scale). Orav, dpws, m1 KAluaKe avadéperat ctov lonpepwd, (6nou d= 0°), SnAaGr} oe uRotoTWon ToMWY Jonpepwod, rote auti xapaxtnpiferat lonnepwwt KAipaxer, (Equatorial scale). NAYTIAIA| im: Ga imoousedv0n RpoBoliy xapriy Katdé. TV MpoBON evds oarpiKod Tush Watos oto enineso Snutoupyobvrar < Rapapophdeers, aot Sev elvan Suvard va aneuxovicoune éva axarpucd “appr € entxe60, xupic var cAMAoWwBOLV to U1'gyG80G th TO OX!WA.H To ELBABS ToU..aEIKOVISHEVOU TprhHatoG, AvEAOVG. LE TOY NpoopLGLs tou xem Oc e€aptn dei Kat n exhoyr tng npoBodiic. GLO UNTEG Kat amatnjoeys nov iver em@uunrs va éxet pia npoBoAs. ASuvaiila taucéxeovns Kavoroinons GAwy twv anacufcewv. ~ | Ta Baoikd xepaxtnpiotixd, mou npénet ver AAnpowv ot npoBodéc, date va © eEunnpetobv tous akonouc tou xéprn navw oto MAoio elven: © Ateti}pnon tou oxAUatos tw duorKidy xapeuKtnprocuctd Atatrpnon twv epBadwy (und KAwaKa).. KardAAndn KAipaka petproews twv anootdoewv. OL RpoBoREs MoU Yonowonolosveat oF{MEPA LROPObV va MARPOUY Le epladdtepes and autés uc cuvOriKec. Acv undpxet Suverétnta n (bia jolt} Vor naptotéver taUtdxpove: Ka tv opPodpopiia Kat thy ACECSpopia eles yeanés, obre elvar Suvard va 6atnpel ta oyshpatee KaL to euBaéSv a) tautoxpova, lampetta n oporstnta twv oxniudrwy, n onola emBdrder th Ng LOSTHTAG twV Ywwuby, ylati L6vo tere n AOFoBpopia Ga réyver IHBpwvous pe ovaB_pr ywvia kai Ga eivar evseta yoayp. 6 xdptn Ba npénet va Sarnpettar n opordrta cromewstiv Is Emubavers tng yiig, SAGE vat elvan GbYopdn. Popilag Kat AckoSpopiag ; eat circle). Elva n ouvtopétepn améotaon petagy Sv0 AV erudveia ts ys. Eivat to tOfo péyiotou KUKou, to Mela aura Kat to onoto ivan puKpétepo ard 180°. PBoSpontKOU. TdEoU oe mpttag tH¢ Holpas Sivet tv HOE VOUTEKG pata. 45Xapaxmpioixd tng opBodpoplag elvan mg otpedet Tar KupTa TPOS TOUS mOAoUG Kal Ta KOHN TOUG RPO TOV LaNLEPLVS. Hopdospopta répver tous SiaSoxtKols HeonHBpwods we BiadoperiKés ules (OK. Fai, Ta £ we) 2 7.41 Opbospopia oe BEST we | nepraropexd xdemn § 7 ; Lo 7 3.7.12 i i 4 Cpeospoul oe = ape se ae aye eye oA wwuoverd ern = nofoSpopict (rhumb line). Eivat Suvaté va MAesooupe ard éva toro of GAKo Thpwvtas PovasiKi Kal otaGepi} nopela. H nAebon auth ovopdterat Aokodpopia. H Aofobpopia eivat KopMOAN othY enupavera tS vnG HE yapaxtnptotikd 611 tépvet tous HeonHBewous HE otaGepr ywvid (ox. 7.13). H améotacn SU0 ténwy mou peTpérat endvw otn AokoSpopeKr KeryTeOAN i camotenet my Aofodpopuxs} acéotacn. 7.13 AokoSpoula NAYTIAIALGrDhoxts xat wots Kotéoxeuns Mepkoropusie neoBonig H_Mepkatoptx npoBokA elvar n mio ywwor mpofok} n onola ‘yonoIponoteitat and tov vauTAASuEVo. AvfjKeLotic KUAWBpiKEs MPOBORE. AT tic tpeig KUAWEpLKEs MDOBOAES, AUTH mov: xpnotHonotettar and tov vavtAAsuevo elvat n aULLOpbN opeh th tonpepivt KuAwB puch mpoBod}. H pepkaropikr npoBod} civat avadutuch. O Mepxétopas EyeBlace tous Rapaddioug Etot Wore va anopaxpUvovtar ueragl toug dco MAnoLdfoupe pos tous MéAoUG, HE THY (Sia avaAoyia Mou aUEdvETaL TO [AKG MAPAAAHAOU KbKKou oxaBeprig AX. Erot to [r}Kos TéfOU LEONLBpWod, nov avnotoIyel oF pice GuyKexptnvn Stahopd WAdtous Ad, aufdver dco mpoxwpdye mpoc tous “ mOAoUG Kat yivetat drewo oe autous, © Fen eprervopuxt npoBond Statnpouveen otyuvies katn opotsenta jévo twy Kptby oXNHATWV CTH YN, KABA KoL TeV OXNLEWV onoLoUBHIROTE LEVEBoUG, TG Onold dpwe Bploxovtat Koved otov tonpepwd. Tia to Adyo auté n FoSpopia napiotdverat ws evGeta ypayitr 27.44 Mepneropiis Tapovotagn tou Kéouou and rov 820 Bopeto RapadAnno dig ov 820 vétio TaséAdnho. ot TE TOV IenHEpWs Kai tous napéAAndoug WAcouG TapadAnddv Kat KéaGetwv wera tou euseuiv2. Ot peonpBpwol pe tv {6a Siadopé piiKous wanégxouv, evdd ot napédAnho. pe thy (Sia Siadopd mAdrous mapousrdfouv avfopepeis amoordoelc, aufavdpevous ovvexsig npos ta pnAdrepa rAECn. 3, Marnpettar n wdtnTa Twy YUVIdY, ENoHEVWS Kat A OMoLdTC TwY pupa oynudcav. 4. H AofoSpoula avanaptorérat we evdela ypapnA mov téyvet TOUS eonpiBpwots und ataBeph yuvia. 5, Oi napapopdideeis twv yewypacikdy AerToLEpELdy elvat uLKpes Kove. ctov toneptvé Kat peyaAtrepes ota tpnAstepa Raden. 6. Ma tov napandvw Ayo eivar abivern n KaTaoKeuF epKaTopLKOS XéPTR tw moAiKwov TEpLOXGV. 7, OvopBodpoplegnapiovdévovtat we HEvLoTOL KU KADL, NABH cay KaHMUAEG ie ra Kupré mpog roUg RAOUG kat tet KotAaL TOUS TIpOG TOV LonHEPIS (9X 7-15). Ex. 7.15 OpBoSpouia kau JAcgoSpopia néves Ge; mepKarroptxd xdoTn Metovexciijecter ko nAovektr pater MepKaroptKris mpoBoAts : MAcovexfipora: : = Meydido mheovéKtn nd tous elva n mlotémnta twy ywvud. ~ HAofoSpopia anexxoviferat ws evdela yoann. = FRayioxonotovvtat ot Tapapopdidcet, ot Govn Tou KevtpiKou peonpBptvod Metovexciipora: = ev pmopobv va xoncwortoinBowv ya cuykplozts erupaverdv. = Hnapaydépduwon HeyeAdvet dao aropaxpuvdpacte and tov lonvepwvé Kat TAnotdZoupE MpOG TOUS RdAOUG. — Elvan a6bvern n KaTaOKEUH HEPKErTOPLKOD x4pTN TwY TIOAKKbY TepLoxdy. 7.7.4 WaBR BORA eppnveta. VaXUoHY MepkarcoptKou xapty Kat YEWHETPLKH H pepkaropu) npoBod sive pla tpononounnévg archi KuAwépurr npoBol don paSnuemKiv oxésewy. Exopévenc n mpoBodi Sev elvan pewperpuc aAAd avadutucr. NAYTINIAL 48© Mepxéropas napanipnoe du to Kipio Letovéxcnua tne KuAWBpuEri¢ npoBohic via tv vavoutaota eivat 6x1 ot nopetes Sev unopobv va. xapayBoby” rav-evOeies ypappec. ‘Exsblace Aowév tous RapaAANoUG érot wave Y anopaxpdvovret petafs UG 6o0 neptocétepo rAnolagav otous mBAoUG, pe THY 16a avahoyla nou = att TO jufkos apéMnaoy KiKAou oraSepiic AA. "Exot To Hi}KOS TéfOU HEonLBpLod (dpa Kat ot RapMAANAOL métous), Rov -_ avmtoroixel o€ cuyKeKpiévn Btadopa nAérouc Ad, augavet doo naoxwpodye Mpog Tous TSAoUs, Yic vex yiver dmeIPo o'aUTOUs. Ondte n Rapapspdwon oe 460e onpetov tov xéptn civan {Sia MpoG KAGE SieUBUVEN, (BeBaluac adAdzeL ONS Teptoxt C& Teploxs) Kat Eror Siatnpettar n LOPS} twv ororyewsiv “oxnidtwy, abo n rpoBoAd Evie ovupopdn. Fo.o. 7.16 10 yay wind wi}kos tou téEOU AB otov LanuLEptvd oo) activa tis obalpas, AX oe aicivia), eve_to aveiotouo ypaije fou MA orov napdAAnho mAétous 6 cio eran r= axtive: ucpob eivat wixpétepo Katé to cuvtehecti} asec» and to f OTOV onLEpWs. Ftv wAWEpuKt| Enhaés} npOBod| Te tof, \aNov mohRarhacraoveat x sec, adot aneixovifovrat loa ye tov. U6 onhiaivet Stn KAlaka napapopd Woes Karé napEAAnRo elvat sect. OG Via var WeTatpartel n aMAH KUALVEpLKr TPOBOAH GE GULLOpdn, Ba us Kd XPT Va MoMarAacactoby npdra x sech Kat Hetd ver Gowv Gipwva pe thy KiuaKa tou xéptn, (ox. 7.17). Me thy pé8050 EN ts Aokobpopias yiverar evssypayyin. 1 LONEpWOE Ka 2 7.17 Tro kuhw8puns avérruype wg yng Herd cov noMarAacvaons ent ted,TO YeayniKd juhKos Tu HeonpBpLvin pera tuv rapadAfAwv. Fewperpuc} epunvela: Or téooepic exxdves a,B,y,6 TOU oxrpatos 7.18 naptotdvouv Taptotdvouv meploxt StaboxKwv peonnBewiiy mou mEpLexet uuKpd KUKAO U6 eff¢: = Ehaupurt} ereupaverer tS yNG - Avarrtukn adatpixiic emupdveias ce enineSo, nou napovordter acuvéxetc.. - Avérecugy tng emubdverag oe entteBo Kart to KUAWEpIKS avéartuypa. Z’aUtd ta xevé pevagi twv peonHBlveov cULANpwENKay Kato KUKAos ths exKévac B” peraBA@nke oe éAAeupn, EneiSt} ol KaTd HEOMHBPLS (¢) SiaoTécEIs Tov ouixpbvOnkav kat ot rapdAAnhot einkOvenkav. = Avéactuty tng ertubavetac karté tn wepKaTOpUKH| PpOBOAM (HE xenowWonolnon avgopepiv mati). fia va StormnpnBel Sums n opoLdenta TOU KUKAKOE oxfiHaros 1 Onole” éxet apet edAeupoetSés oxrina, Ga npénet va augscoUHE KaL Tic Kor WeoNHBpIvS Biaotdoe.¢ tou, avéAoya pe Ty aENoN TwY TApAAAAAwy. H adgnon aut TV peonuBpwav yiveras pe tn xpnowLonoinan tv avgopepdv nAativ. lk Ss PTTL MLO AW MELEE 3y, 7.18 Fewperpuc epynvela wepKaropwcod xéptn. NAYTIAIAL 50: cayKeties Kon ucawvés cuveriKes yler ver rpiovéverat n AofoSpoptor oav eueeia. “Fla vet naptotéverat n AofoSpopd cay evBeia ypapyH-oto vauTIKd xéoTn, aitbéret ver elvat Kavorotetrat n cUverKn ts opoLTHTAG Tw oXNYETwV. Oa epénet SAar n TPOBohs} ve elver obpopdn. Fier va. yivet aUtd emBaNAEra 7 duacripnon THs LstNTaAG WV vy. TétE pdvo n Royospopia Ba tépvEt TOUS -- peanpBewous (nov eivat mapéAAnrot petagy touc), He otaBepH} ywvia Kat N | Rofobpopia: Ox eiver evBeia, 7.7.6 Avgopept mde. ‘yvoun aufopepdoy nAariv. Tia tov RpooBioptoysé tng andotaons evs MapadAsAou MAétrous } and tov Jonnepwvd, xonowonoreira n Ewoi tov avgopepog MAétous (meridional farts), to onolo ekbpaZet tHY anotacn Tov NapGAAAOU WAdtoUs and Tov lonhiepwd oe npwta Aenté tng Hoipac. H andotacn MapAAAAAOU TAKOUS > : ‘ov tonpepwo Oa elvan ton repos (ox. 7.18): p{sect’ + sec2’ + seca’ +... + seco) ypauwixd wiiKos 1 Suabopac 1” endvw orov tonHEpwvd fh ortoLoSrinote AMANO tou xéptn Ge yor, xapaxtnpiferat we povdba xdomn HL H neu tyr tou aBpolspatos (secl’ + sec?’ + sec3’ + ... + sec) npiverdt we avgopepes mAGTOUS (Ps > o=3 sect 't sec?! + sec3! $2! Ba sect'+ sec2! Ba = g 2x. 7.18 Aufopepéc ndtos, 51Me ddA Aéyia to aufopepés nAdtos evés téroU tng yns Elva to dBpoLopa Tuy petaBOABy (rapapophGcewy) oto piIKoG-ToU HEANHBpWo and tov Lonjepivé Wéxpt Tov NapAAANAo > tou {Stou ténou. Mexpérat oe npdrra tN olpac, adod to 1’ avriatoryet oe 1 v. HAL To avfopepés WAdtos efaptérat and ty entnAdruven tou EAAeupoei5ous. H nap tou elvat pixpr} yter pixpd Aden Kat auféverat dao MAnoLaZOUHE RpO¢ rouC MANUS via. va HB4aEL TO dmeWpo de aUTOLG. H api tou napéxetat and ta eidixdt mivaxl6ia (meridional parts) wv vauuixtiv eavéxwy Norie’s, Bowdich. Ocrivaxes autol Exouv AdBeL undIpwv Tous “nv enurAdruvan tov edAeupoerBous oxrwaros tn¢ yng fon ros 1/298. Me mn Bore twv mvdkwy autiv eivat Suvat n KataoKeur Mepkaropixod dpm Kat n enidvon npoBAnuétuw mAorynans Stav xpnowonoretrar Mepicatopixds xeptnS. 7.7. SNe RENEE oF oalpa Kar Ge oaupoetsEs, ’ H op.Ountuc tus tov aufopepods nAdrous ya ccparput yn Slverat amd tv mapaxérew oxeon; = 7915,70447 * hoy e>(45° +9 ev auBévovtas uRdipwv thy exuTAdruvan TOU EMEuposibobg oxfwaTOS ng yng Tépvovtas: we Béon to AuOvés FewSarruxé adompa WGS84 HE ouveeheot erunAdtuvans 298,257223563 n apiOpntixl tur} Tov avgouepou¢ mAatous Siverat ané thy napaKértw oxéan: : 7.1.9 Yrokoyespdc.iugopepiav mAariby pe toro (WGS8A) fl HE TOUS wMGKECNORIES. * © unodoyiopse tou auopepois rAdtoUs He TOO, yiverat ebappdtoveas, ov napariéves timo mov AapBaver unsipt Tou to edAeupoerbes ox HaL TNS YNS. Tipaxmxé enévs oxo MAolo Bploxoupe to aufouepéc mAdrtog and ta ev6ike suvaxiBtc (meridional parts) Tuy vauixtiv raveKwy Norie’s (ox, 7.19). Ze autd evoepySnaote opitovria ye Ts Holpes rou MAdrous KaLKAGETa Ue TaTpKTa TN, poipac Kat ty Tost Twv 640 BploKoupe ty THA TOU aUgoHEpOuG MAGTOUS. NAYTINAL 52 a eSATA ANETTA reo1135832 * g ne at ; i OA Sob Ae baa PEE ae Hue a teat See Stn STE can ce ae uae | a oe Ge Sia ee a - ge egs vee g 323 e BF 0: ui ~ 23,0135832 © 105 a ee. Bn Bee (A ia ig ait fn ae ie Ses Sage es (USS Nate caine sae pe 2 SESS = eee ats son SELES SESH Maes Ana SHE ESSE te ~23, to augouep: ) i, Fy 8 pes 2) elas" '9Mivaxes Norie’s. Meridional parts — aufoyepot EG(a5" + TO.avgoe; vt: andvw mivaka, eyAucf n yuxph Biabopd nov napatnpovtie (n onola Ga augiverat oF uibnAétepa nda) npoxérret 6.dn ot nivaxes éxouv AdBet Gav cuvteAEott erumdéreuvons 293,46 nov avadéperat oto eheupoetSéc Clarke 1880, evibpe tov tuno éxoupe AdBet cav ouvteheotr] emutAdtuvans 298,257223563 nou avadépetat ovo edAeupoedéc WGS84. 7.7.10 Madopé aufopeptiy mari. fia va Bpoowe ty andotaen peTagd Svo mapadAiiwv TATOU oth inepxerropuxt} mpoBoN oe povades augopepods nAdtous 8a npénet va Boob pe 1m Biabopé avfopepiiy mhardv Ady, Aut! elvan to G8poigua tay augopepiov Srav npéxeltat yia etepvuna yewypadduxd rden Kat n Stadopé tous Stav npdxettal ya opsvwHa yewypadixd mAdmn. AndaSi ebapud{oune tov mapaxérw tum: Dogs dct ¢ (et, -O1) AE Na BpeBel n Stapopé MAdtous Kat Suaopé auvgonepdov MATIWY petagd tev * es 30° 15'S Kat a= 48° 45'S. : a= 48°45'S => ea = 334,67 be= 30°15'S (-) => _ bee = 193,93 (-) ‘Ao = 18° 30'S Age = 1447,74 Na BpeBel n Buaspopé nadroUs Kat Buaipopa aufopepinv nAdtuy Hevagd Tov 7e= 15° 10'S Kal a= 20° O1'N. may : be=45°10'S > be = 914,70 a= 20° 01'N (+) => _ dea =1218,20 (+) ‘Ad = 35°.11'N ‘Ade = 2132,90 7.7.11 1TATKEVEL MEPKATOPIKOY XAPTH 7.7.AL.1 Yirghowougs wAuanias miiKous. Thy kApaxeepiixoug (longitude scale) amoteAet o tonnepwvés ot napdAAnhot mAdtous tou xépt Tov elvat wsopepiig Starpnpévor o’oRSKANEN “HV opi{évtia yay tou.cto x4pm™. MeonnBpwol He Siaopé prikous 1° Ba nepthayBavouv 60 toopepels urodiapéoeis (60') KaBe pla and tig onoles 8a. Exe. ypanyixdwtiKos (oo npos tH HovaSa tou xéptn Kat Ga avetpoownevet ‘Ade1", Een Yn SUws To:ypaHpIKs piKos AA=1’ Sev elvat otaBeps o'éa ths ta NAYTIAIAL 54WAdn, GANG (oo npos xo conuspivd wide x cose, AUré puns Bev pts emtrpéret m9 xptiowonoinen me wAluaxas wrixous kas yee wy drone amoatécewy, H 11.3 Enthoy# eaupoztbous karé mv KatuoKeut. T1114 Tddua nou uneiaépxerar sav yonoyonoujaouse ig wytés Heptiv Thariby civ rivdka NORIES Kat UnotunwaoupE ctiypie nov petat ce WGS84, ME oxebiaZera oto ywapovns xéptH 0 opBOSpOLIKAS TOUS je vo 1HO TufiHa nou ouvBéet to anuielo avaxwipnonc A pe to onpeio TT. 4 MERCATOR, ey Tapovendierat 9 opBoSpoula we ev8ela ypayyut crov yupowrd THETIC op Bob pow napoverégerauuc kayniAn oe jepraropucd © xéem. 552. Mpocdiopifovrar ent tou ywwpovxod apm ot yewypadés ovvretaypéves optopévun evBléyeowy onyEWwy tou opBodpopiKcy nAov, (ouvfGus ota anpeta toric tov ev@bypapyoU THH\HEToG TOU opBOSpOLLKOU mou pe entAeypévous HeanuBowous, Tx. KéBe 5° AA) 3, Fiver petadopd Tou opSodpopiKoy Mou and to ywwpOVIKe oto hepxertopixd xéptn. H petaopd aur] mpayparonotetrat pe tn wétpon ent ‘Tou YwwHOVLKOU X4pTH TwV GuVTETayHEVw optopevwy onpEiwy Tors Es, E2, Es, .. TOU opBodpoptkod mou pe emtreynévous HEonpBpwobs Kat oth ouvéyeta te THY UTOTERWON TwY ONLElwY aUTIDY CTO HEPKaTOPLKS XAPTN. 4, Ta onueia nou urotundvovtat oto HepKaTopLK6 xéptN avvd£ovrat HE evOypaypic tupare, ta onoia aveutposwmevouv AofoSpopiKous MAGES Kat ie tov tpéTo UTE o opBoSpopikd¢ MOUS RpoceyyifetaL ikavortoUTTIKE He Hic ceipd StadoxiKdv AokoSpopuwy MAeboewy oto pepKcTopLKG xépuN. H Rpooéyyton auti elvat MOAU tkavortountixi, étav ol amoctdsels Tw evétaytecwy onpelwy Sev elvat peyadStepec amd 150 v.p. Or opBobpopiles otov wepKaTOpIKS xépTH avarapiotwveaL GaV KAPTUAEG HE to kupté mpog Tous RdAOUG Kat ta KOIAG. TOUS TPOG tov LonHEpLVS (9X.7.21) By 7.21 Avanapdaracn opSodpouuby Kat AofoSpouisy oF LEpKatopLKA MpoBOAA of épelo Kat votIo nHidalpio. Or opGeSpopies avanapiowuveat ps THY cuvEXéLEVN YPAHHF Kat ot AofoSpoples He tv Suaxexoupévn ypaRnA. 7.7.13 lonpepivi Kou Quoukd KAipake MepKertoptKod xéptn. H wipaxa otoug pepKatopixods apres avahéperat mévta yuo ovykexpysévo yewypadud TAdtos Kat xapaxrnpiZerat duu KAinaKa, (Natural scale). Otav, n KAipaxa avadépetat otov lonpepw6, (orou } = 0°), rte aut} yapaxtnpierat lonpepwwt} KAipaxa,, (Equatorial scale). 7.8 Ewota. eykdporas Mepkerropixiig mpoBohiic. H xpricn tnc evkdpotas pepKatopixric MpOBOANs ULOBETHANKE BLEOvIdG 9G TO enionjid Kparikd RPOBOAKS GOTH oTIG MEpLoadtEpEs xdpEG TOU KooHOU. NAYTIAIAL 56 } |Ot Rapapopdivaers augdvovtat avédoye ue to Tetpdyevo te andotaeng GN6 Tov kevtpiKé peonUBpLVé, 7.9°ENNOIA TNOMONIKHE NPOBOAHE 7.91 IBiétrites Wwpovueic npoBoAKs. © Xtnv mepirtwan tg TAdyas ywwpovurr TPOBOAHS ot peonyBowoi Taplorévovrat cav eu€etes ypauiyits nov ouyrdlveuy NPOG tov MAnoéotepo © Axé ThY Wuxovuc npoBoAA napdyerat o Xrhowi0s wwHoviKds yaorn¢ 0 onolos napioré xn opOo6poia we evBeta yah (ox. 7.9). * Ol WwHovKo! xdptes KaAGMTOUV eKrdoEIG wKeavtdy Kon xpnowevouv ja THY ypaduct entAuon tou opSo6poutKod nAou. 7.8.2 Mopéi. tov. Sucdov yropovuxiig Mpofodis avéAoya we tm, Yetaypacbuxt} Géon tov onueiou enadrig. / H oUyKpIon Tw exévuv tu napadXFAwY tov névte opeiiv. eninebwv amewovicewy, napampdveac to oxia 7.22, OGnyet ota axéAouba oupmepdopara: © 2rn otuuopdn mpopods (ctepeoypadter) ot eusvec twv mapadAjAuy GmohaKplvovtat wera tous 606 rAnoidZouv mpos tov lonuepwé oe oxéon pe THY toanéxouca, NAYTIAIAL 37aopnopen roaxizovoa roodvoun ropowrt Ope opBoypadxh MpOBOAA 24, 7.22 Anewéwion, ov épetou Autosparptou tns ns ‘ww névte op entxeSwv npoBohion (orrapéaanot Sou oxebiacrel cava 10" and tov Bope10 néRo}. Fro oyfua 7.24 napouardzerat to Bikryo tw WEoNHBpWiY Kal TuN TapadAiiAwy vic to B6peto NpiCtaipwo ms Emidaveras «1 EAAelipers napapop wong ng Png KaBG Kat OL 3x. 7.24 Op8h yuupovurs mpoBohh OOH exinedn cbpPOPEN MPOBOAR - otepcoypapiKh rpoBohA Xapaxmnptowkh wistHra ing cUyKeKpyLEVNs MORON elver.n anewévion uv wedWV ING talpas Ge KUKAOUG CTO Eninebo (oUULOPEN). Eto OxthHa 7.25 japoverdera ro 6icUo wv HEANHBPIVGY Kat RapaAAFAw yea ohSKANEN =I emupavera tng ins. NAYTIAIA | 584 7.22 Ope entre oe bunopdn mpoBods - ie ‘otEpEoypadiEH| MPOBOAH. 7.9.3 Xprion ywpovunis mpoBoris. + H ywpovuc} npoBoll xenowororeitar yea tyV ypadun} extAvon tov op808poyKot mhou. 7.9.4 Avonapécraon opeodpopiag Kai Aokodpopiag amy ywwpovuct MpoBory. : : H op@r} ywwpovixt mpoBodt éxet th onpavext} idtnTa NpoBoAts Tw HEylotw KUKAWY tH Emtpdvetas THs oaloac Ge Eudeles ypappEs. EOydwva he thv W6wStnta UTI, ot opBoSpopies ctov yupovxd xpTn avanapLotuivtaL av eudeles ypappés, evid ot AokoSpopies avanaptotdvrat cay KaLRUAES WE ta KoiAar npOs TOUS REAOUG Kal Tar KUPTE TOUS NPOG TOV LoNHEPWWS. é NAYTIAIA | 59