08| Av‡jvi cÖwZdjb (Reflection Of Light) ‡gv: kvn& Rvgvj

mnKvix Aa¨vcK (c`v_©weÁvb wefvM )

we G Gd kvnxb K‡jR XvKv
‡dvb: 016 70856105, 9125630, 9115369

Av‡jvi cÖwZdjbt Av‡jv hLb evqy ev Ab¨ †Kvb gva¨‡gi wfZi w`‡q hvIqvi mgq Ab¨ †Kvb ¯^”Q gva¨g Øviv evav cÖvß nq
ZLb `y&B gva¨‡gi we‡f`Zj †_‡K wKQy cwigvb Av‡jv cÖ_g gva¨‡g wd‡i Av‡m| GB wd‡i Avmvi NUbv‡K Av‡jvi
cÖwZdjb e‡j|
`c©Yt ‡h gm„b Z‡j Av‡jvi wbqwgZ cÖwZdjb N‡U, Zv‡K `c©Y e‡j| `c©Y mvaviYZ `yB cÖKvi| h_v 
(K) mgZj `c©Y
(L) †Mvjxq `c©Y
(K) mgZj `c©Yt †Kvb mgZj c„ô hw` gm„Y nq Ges Zv‡Z Av‡jvi wbqwgZ cÖwZdjb
N‡U Z‡e Zv†K mgZj `c©Y e‡j| Avgiv cÖwZw`b †Pnviv †`Lvi Rb¨ †h Avqbv e¨envi
Kwi Zv mgZj `c©Y| wP‡Î MM  GKwU mgZj `c©Y|

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(L) †Mvjxq `c©Yt †Kvb ¯^”Q duvKv †Mvj‡Ki Askwe‡kl hw` gm„b nq e‡es Zv‡Z Av‡jvi wbqwgZ cÖwZdjb N‡U Z‡e Zv‡K

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†Mvjxq `c©Y e‡j| †Mvjxq `c©Y `yÕcÖKvi (a)AeZj `c©b (b)DËj `c©Y

24
(a) AeZj `c©bt

bd
duvcv †Mvj‡Ki wfZ‡ii c„‡ôi wKQy Ask (AeZj c„ô) hw` cÖwZ
djK iƒ‡c wµqvK‡i Z‡e Zv‡K AeZj `c©Y e‡j| wP‡Î MAM  GKwU AeZj `c©Y| 

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(b) DËj `c©Yt
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‡Kvb duvcv †Mvj‡Ki evB‡ii c„‡ôi wKQy Ask hw` cÖwZ djK Zj iƒ‡c wµqv K‡i
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Z‡e Zv‡K DËj `c©b e‡j| cv‡k¦©i wP‡Î MAM  GKwU DËj `c©Y| †Kvb duvcv †Mvj‡Ki wKQy Ask
Ja

†Ku‡U wb‡q hw` †fZ‡ii As‡k cvi‡`i cÖ‡jc †`Iqv nq, Z‡e DËj `c©Y ˆZix nq|
ah

eµZvi †K›`ªt `c©YwU †h †Mvj‡Ki Ask Zvi †K›`ª‡K

Sh

eµZvi †K›`ª e‡j| wP‡Î C `c©bwUi eµZvi †K›`ª|

d

cÖavb †dvKvmt
M

cÖavb A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj Av‡jvK iwk¥ †Kvb †Mvjxq `c©‡b

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AvcwZZ nIqvi ci cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥ †h we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq (AeZj `c©‡b)

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ev †h we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq e‡j g‡b nq (DËj `c©‡b) Zv‡K H `c©‡bi cÖavb

es

‡dvKvm e‡j| cÖavb †dvKvm‡K F Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| Wvb cv‡k¦©i wP‡Î
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AeZj I DËj `c©‡bi cÖavb †dvKvm †`Lvb n‡q‡Q|

Pr

†dvKvm Zjt
†Kvb ‡Mvjxq `c©‡Yi cÖavb †dvKv‡mi ga¨ w`‡q cÖavb A‡ÿi Dci Aw¼Z
ev KwíZ Zj‡K †dvKvm Zj e‡j| wP‡Î ABCD ‡dvKvm Zj|
&

‡MŠb †dvKvmt
ci¯úi mgvšÍivj iwk¥¸”Q hLb †Kvb †Mvjxq `c©‡bi cÖavb A‡ÿi mv‡_
Zxh©Kfv‡e `c©‡Y AvcwZZ nq ZLb Zviv †dvKvm Z‡ji †Kvb we›`y‡Z
wgwjZ nq (AeZj `c©‡b) A_ev †Kvb we›`y n‡Z Acm„Z n‡”Q e‡j g‡b
nq (DËj `c©‡b)| ‡dvKvm Z‡ji Dci¯’ H we›`y‡K †MŠY †dvKvm e‡j|
&

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com

 08| Av‡jvi cÖwZdjb (Reflection Of Light) 2
AbyewÜ †dvKvmt
‡Mvjxq `c©‡Yi AbyeÜx †dvKvm ej‡Z cÖavb A‡ÿi Dci¯’ Ggb
`ywU we›`y eySvq hv‡`i †h †Kvb GKwU‡Z e¯‘ ivL‡j h_vµ‡g AciwU‡Z cÖwZwe¤^ MwVZ
nq| wP‡Î O we›`y‡Z e¯‘ ivL‡j P we›`y‡Z cªwZwe¤^ MwVZ nq| Avevi P we›`y‡Z e¯‘
ivL‡j O we›`y‡Z cªwZwe¤^ MwVZ nq| myZivs O I P we›`y AbyeÜx †dvKvm|
cÖavb †Q`t †giæwe›`y I eµZvi †K‡›`ªi ga¨ w`‡q †Kvb mgZj Kíbv
Ki‡j, H Zj †h eµ‡iLvq `c©b‡K †Q` K‡i †m eµ †iLv‡K cÖavb
†Q` e‡j| Wvb cv‡k¦©i wP‡Î MAM  `c©‡bi cÖavb †Q`|
D‡b¥lt
†Mvjxq `c©‡bi cÖavb †Q` `c©‡bi eµZvi †K‡›`ª ‡h †KvY Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡K `c©‡bi D‡b¥l
e‡j| cÖavb †Q‡`i cÖvšÍ we›`y `ywU eµZvi †K‡›`ªi mv‡_ hy³ Ki‡j `c©‡bi D‡b¥l cvIqv

om
Pvc MAM 
hvq| wP‡Î MCM    `c©‡bi D‡b¥l| Avevi D‡b¥l,   
e¨vmva  AC

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cÖwZwe¤^t †Kvb we›`y †_‡K Av‡jvK iwk¥ †Kvb gva¨‡g AvcwZZ nIqvi ci cÖwZdwjZ ev cÖwZmwiZ nevi ci iwk¥¸‡jv hw`

24
wØZxq †Kvb we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq ev wØZxq †Kvb we›`y n‡Z AcmvwiZ nq e‡j g‡b nq, Zv n‡j H wØZxq we›`y‡K cÖ_g we›`yi
cÖwZwe¤^ e‡j| cÖwZwe¤^ `yÕ cÖKv‡ii n‡q _v‡K t h_v

bd
(K) ev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^

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(L) Aev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^
(K) ev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^t
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†Kvb we›`y †_‡K Av‡jvK iwk¥ †Kvb gva¨‡g AvcwZZ nIqvi ci cÖwZdwjZ ev
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cÖwZmwiZ nevi ci iwk¥¸‡jv hw` wØZxq †Kvb we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq Zv n‡j H
Ja

wØZxq we›`y‡K cÖ_g we›`yi ev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^ e‡j| wP‡Î P we›`yB P we›`yi ev¯Íe
cÖwZwe¤^| ev¯Íe cªwZwe¤^ me©`v D‡ëv ev Aekxl© nq|
ah

(L) Aev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^t

Sh

‡Kvb we›`y n‡Z wKQy msL¨K Av‡jvK iwk¥ †Kvb Z‡j AvcwZZ nIqvi ci
cÖwZdwjZ ev cÖwZmwiZ iwk¥¸‡jv hw` wØZxq †Kvb we›`y n‡Z AcmvwiZ n‡”Q
d

e‡j g‡b nq Z‡e, H wØZxq we›`ywU‡K cÖ_g we›`yi Aev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^ e‡j| wP‡Î
M

P we›`y P we›`yi Aev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^| Aev¯Íe cªwZwe¤^ me©`v wmav ev mgkxl© nq|
r
so

ev¯Íe I Aev¯Íe cÖwZwe‡¤^i cv_©K¨t

ev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^ Aev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^
es

1| †Kvb we›`y †_‡K Av‡jvK iwk¥ †Kvb gva¨‡g AvcwZZ ‡Kvb we›`y †nv‡Z wKQy msL¨K Av‡jvK iwk¥ †Kvb Z‡j
of

nIqvi ci cÖwZdwjZ ev cÖwZmwiZ nevi ci iwk¥¸‡jv AvcwZZ nIqvi ci cÖwZdwjZ ev cÖwZmwiZ iwk¥¸‡jv hw`
Pr

hw` wØZxq †Kvb we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq Zv n‡j H wØZxq
we›`y‡K cÖ_g we›`yi ev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^ e‡j|
2| cÖwZdwjZ ev cÖwZmwiZ Av‡jvK iwk¥i cÖK…Z wgj‡bi
d‡j ev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^ MwVZ nq|
3| †Pv‡L †`Lv hvq Ges c`©vq †djv hvq|
4| cÖwZwe¤^ D‡ëv ev Aekxl© nq|
wØZxq †Kvb we›`y n‡Z AcmvwiZ n‡”Q e‡j g‡b nq Z‡e,
H wØZxq we›`ywU‡K cÖ_g we›`yi Aev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^ e‡j|
Aev¯Íe cÖwZwe‡¤^i †ÿ‡Î cÖwZdwjZ ev cÖwZmwiZ iwk¥
¸‡jvi cÖK…Z wgjb nq bv|
†Pv‡L †`Lv hvq wKš‘ c`©vq †djv hvq bv|
cÖwZwe¤^ wmav ev mgkxl© nq|

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com

 08| Av‡jvi cÖwZdjb (Reflection Of Light) 3
¯úk© bv K‡i `c©b mbv³ Kivi Dcvqt
‡Kvb `c©‡Yi G‡Kev‡i wbK‡U GKwU Av½yj ev e¯‘ Lvov fv‡e ¯’vcb Ki‡j hw` we¤^ jÿ¨e¯‘ A‡cÿv eo nq Z‡e `c©bwU
AeZj, Avi hw` †mvRv we¤^ †QvU nq Zvn‡j `c©bwU DËj| Avevi hw` cÖwZwe¤^ jÿ¨ e¯‘i mgvb nq Z‡e `c©bwU mgZj|
r
`c©‡bi †ÿ‡Î f  m¤úK©wUi cÖgvb t ev, `c©‡bi †dvKvm `~iZ¡ I eµZvi e¨vmv‡a©i g‡a¨ m¤úK©t
2
(K) AeZj `c©‡bi †ÿ‡Ît g‡b Kwi, MPM  AeZj `c©b| C `c©‡bi eµZvi †K›`ª Ges P Gi †giæ| aiv hvK, cÖavb
Aÿ CP -Gi wbKUeZ©x Ges mgvšÍivj AM Av‡jvK iwk¥ `c©‡bi M we›`y‡Z AvcwZZ nq| CM †hvM Kiv nj| CM
`c©‡bi eµZvi e¨vmva© e‡j GwU M we›`y‡Z `c©‡bi Dci j¤^| GLb AvcZb †KvY AMC Gi mgvb K‡i CMF ‡KvY
AsKb Ki‡j MF cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥ cvIqv hvq| GB cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥ cÖavb Aÿ‡K F we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| F, `c©‡bi cÖavb
†dvKvm| wP‡ýi abvZ¥K wbqg Abymv‡i,
PF = ‡dvKvm `~iZ¡ = f

om
PC = eµZvi e¨vmva© = r
cÖgvbt cÖwZdj‡bi wØZxq m~Îvbymv‡i,

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AvcvZb †KvY = cÖwZdjb †KvY

24
 AMC  CMF ... ... ... (1)

bd
Avevi, AM||CP Ges CM G‡`i †Q`K|
 AMC  GKvšÍi MCP

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ev, AMC  MCF ... ... ... (2)
myZivs (1) bs I (2) bs mgxKiY n‡Z cvB,
al
m
CMF  MCF [  DfqB AMC -Gi mgvb ]
A_©vr MCF Gi g‡a¨, CMF  MCF
Ja

 MCF mgwØevû, hvi MF  FC ... ... ... (3)

ah

`c©‡bi D‡b¥l LyeB ÿz`ª nIqvq M we›`y P we›`yi LyeB wbK‡U n‡e
Ges †m ‡ÿ‡Î, MF  PF ... ... ... (4)
Sh

GLb (3) I (4) bs mgxKiY n‡Z cvB,

PF = FC
d

A_©vr, F, PC Gi ga¨ we›`y|

M

 PC  PF  FC  PF  PF [ PF  FC]
r

ev, PC  2PF
so

1
ev, PF  PC
es

2
r
of

ev, f  [ PF  f ; PC  r]
2
Pr

AZGe wb‡Y©q m¤úK© t AeZj `c©‡bi ‡dvKvm `~iZ¡ eµZvi e¨vmv‡a©i A‡a©K|
(L) DËj `c©‡bi †ÿ‡Ît g‡b Kwi, MPM  DËj `c©b| C `c©‡bi eµZvi †K›`ª Ges P Gi †giæ| aiv hvK, cÖavb Aÿ
CP -Gi wbKUeZ©x Ges mgvšÍivj AM Av‡jvK iwk¥ `c©‡bi M we›`y‡Z AvcwZZ nq| CM †hvM K‡i N ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kiv
nj| CM `c©‡bi `c©‡bi eµZvi e¨vmva© e‡j GwU M we›`y‡Z `c©‡bi Dci j¤^| GLb AvcZb †KvY AMN Gi mgvb
K‡i NMB ‡KvY AsKb Ki‡j MB cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥ cvIqv hvq| GB cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥‡K wcQbw`‡K evov‡j cÖavb Aÿ‡K
F we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
F `c©‡bi cÖavb †dvKvm| wP‡ýi abvZ¥K wbqg Abymv‡i,
PF = ‡dvKvm `~iZ¡ = f
PC = eµZvi e¨vmva© = r
Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com
 08| Av‡jvi cÖwZdjb (Reflection Of Light) 4
cÖgvbt cÖwZdj‡bi wØZxq m~Îvbymv‡i,
AvcvZb †KvY = cÖwZdjb †KvY
 AMN  NMB ... ... ... (1)
Avevi, AM||PC Ges CMN G‡`i †Q`K|
 AMN  Abyiƒc NCF
ev, AMN  MCF ... ... ... (2)
myZivs (1) bs I (2) bs mgxKiY n‡Z cvB,
NMB  MCF ... ... ... (3) [  DfqB AMN -Gi mgvb ]
Avevi, NMB  CMF ... ... ..(4) [wecÖZxc †KvY]
myZivs (3) bs I (4) bs mgxKiY n‡Z cvB,
CMF  MCF [  DfqB NMB -Gi mgvb ]

om
A_©vr MCF Gi g‡a¨, CMF  MCF
 MCF mgwØevû, hvi MF  FC ... ... ... (5)

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`c©‡bi D‡b¥l LyeB ÿz`ª nIqvq M we›`y P we›`yi LyeB wbK‡U n‡e

24
Ges ‡m †ÿ‡Î, MF  PF ... ... ... (6)
GLb (5) I (6) bs mgxKiY n‡Z cvB,

bd
PF = FC

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A_©vr, F, PC Gi ga¨ we›`y|
 PC  PF  FC  PF  PF [ PF  FC]
ev, PC  2PF
al
m
1
ev, PF  PC
Ja

2
r r
ev,  f  f  [ PF  f ; PC   r]
ah

2 2
AZGe wb‡Y©q m¤úK© t DËj `c©‡bi ‡dvKvm `~iZ¡ eµZvi e¨vmv‡a©i A‡a©K|
Sh

AeZj `c©‡bi †ÿ‡Î 1 1 1 m¤úK©wUi cÖgvbt

 
v u f
d

g‡b Kwi, MOM  ÿz`ª D‡b¥‡li GKwU AeZj `c©‡Yi cÖavb †Q`| O Gi †giæ we›`y Ges C eµZvi †K›`ª| Gi cÖavb
M

A‡ÿi Dci P GKwU we›`y jÿe¯‘| aiv hvK, P †_‡K AvMZ GKwU Av‡jvK iwk¥ cÖavb Aÿ eivei PO c‡_ O we›`y‡Z j¤^
r

fv‡e AvcwZZ nq| GwU OP c‡_ cÖwZdwjZ nq| Ab¨ GKwU iwk¥ PM, `c©‡bi M we›`y‡Z AvcwZZ nq| CM †hvM Kiv
so

nj, GwU M we›`y‡Z Awfj¤^| GLb AvcZb †KvY PMC -Gi mgvb K‡i CMA †KvY A¼b Ki‡j MA cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥
es

cvIqv hvq| cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥ `ywU OP Ges MA cÖavb A‡ÿi Dci Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq| myZivs Q nj P we›`yi ev¯Íe
cÖwZwe¤^| AZGe AvcZb †KvY PMC  i
of

Ges cÖwZdjb †KvY QMC  r

Pr

myZivs cÖwZdj‡bi wbqgvbymv‡i, i  r ... ... ... ... ... (1)

aiv hvK, MP, MC Ges MQ †iLv cÖavb A‡ÿi mv‡_ h_vµ‡g, ,  I 
‡KvY Drcbœ K‡i| GLb  MPC Gi GKwU ewnt¯’ †KvY |     i
ev, i    
Gevi  MQC Gi GKwU ewnt¯’ †KvY |
    r
ev, r    
(1) bs mgxKi‡Y i I r Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,
     
Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com
 08| Av‡jvi cÖwZdjb (Reflection Of Light) 5
ev,     2
‡h‡nZz `c©‡bi D‡b¥l Lye †QvU ZvB  I  †KvY¸‡jvI Lye †QvU n‡e| †KvY¸‡jv †iwWqv‡b cÖKvwkZ ZvB, mgxKiY‡K
MO MO 2MO
†jLv hvq  
OQ OP OC
1 1 2
ev,   GLb wP‡ýi ev¯Íe abvZ¥K cÖ_v Abymv‡i, jÿ e¯‘i `~iZ¡, OP = +u we‡¤^i `~iZ¡, OQ = +v
OQ OP OC
eµZvi e¨mva©, OC = r ewm‡q cvB,
1 1 2 1
    [  r  2f ]
v u r f
1 1 1
AZGe,   BnvB wb‡Y©q m¤úK©|
v u f
uv 1 uv

om
ev,  f  BnvB †dvKvm `~i‡Z¡i mgxKiY|
uv f uv
DËj `c©‡bi †ÿ‡Î 1 1 1 m¤úK©wUi cÖgvbt

.c
 
v u f

24
g‡b Kwi, MOM  ÿz`ª D‡b¥‡li GKwU AeZj `c©‡Yi cÖavb †Q`| O Gi †giæ we›`y Ges C eµZvi †K›`ª| Gi cÖavb

bd
A‡ÿi Dci P GKwU we›`y jÿe¯‘| aiv hvK, P †_‡K AvMZ GKwU Av‡jvK iwk¥ cÖavb Aÿ eivei PO c‡_ O we›`y‡Z j¤^
fv‡e AvcwZZ nq| GwU OP c‡_ cÖwZdwjZ nq| Ab¨ GKwU iwk¥ PM, `c©‡bi M we›`y‡Z AvcwZZ nq| CM †hvM K‡i N

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ch©šÍ evov‡bv nj| GwU M we›`y‡Z Awfj¤^| GLb AvcZb †KvY PMN -Gi mgvb K‡i NMA †KvY A¼b Ki‡j MA
cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥ cvIqv hvq| cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥ `ywU OP I MA Acmvix nIqvq G‡`i‡K wcQb w`‡K ewa©Z Ki‡j cÖavb
al
A‡ÿi Dci Q we›`y †_‡K Avm‡Q e‡j g‡b nq| myZivs Q nj P we›`yi Aev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^|
m
AZGe AvcZb †KvY PMN  i
Ja

Ges cÖwZdjb †KvY NMA  CMQ  r

myZivs cÖwZdj‡bi wbqgvbymv‡i, i  r ... ... ... ... ... (1)
ah

aiv hvK, MP, MC Ges MQ †iLv cÖavb A‡ÿi mv‡_ h_vµ‡g

Sh

,  I  ‡KvY Drcbœ K‡i| GLb  MPC Gi GKwU ewnt¯’

†KvY i| i    
d

Gevi  MQC Gi GKwU ewnt¯’ †KvY |

M

r    
r

ev, r    
so

(1) bs mgxKi‡Y i I r Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,

es

    
ev,     2
of

‡h‡nZz `c©‡bi D‡b¥l Lye †QvU ZvB  I  †KvY¸‡jvI Lye †QvU n‡e| †KvY¸‡jv‡K †iwWqv‡b cÖKvk GB mgxKiY‡K
Pr

MO MO 2MO
†jLv hvq  
OQ OP OC
1 1 2
ev,   GLb wP‡ýi ev¯Íe abvZ¥K cÖ_v Abymv‡i, jÿ e¯‘i `~iZ¡, OP = +u we‡¤^i `~iZ¡, OQ = v
OQ OP OC
eµZvi e¨mva©, OC = r ewm‡q cvB,
1 1 2 1
    [  r  2f ]
v u r f
1 1 1 uv 1 uv
AZGe,   BnvB wb‡Y©q m¤úK©| ev,  f  BnvB †dvKvm `~i‡Z¡i mgxKiY|
v u f uv f uv

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com

 08| Av‡jvi cÖwZdjb (Reflection Of Light) 6
‰iwLK weea©b I weea©‡bi ivwkgvjvt
‰iwLK weea©bt ˆiwLK weea©b ej‡Z cÖwZwe‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ Ges e¯‘i ˆ`‡N©¨i AbycvZ‡K eySvq| ˆiwLK weea©b‡K m Øviv cÖKvk
y
Kiv nq| e¯‘i ˆ`N©¨ x I cÖwZwe‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ y n‡j ˆiwLK weea©b m  n‡e|
x
weea©‡bi ivwkgvjvt wP‡Î AB jÿ e¯‘i Rb¨ AB D‡ëv (ev¯Íe^) cÖwZwe¤^ wmav (Aev¯Íe^) cÖwZwe¤^ m„wó n‡q‡Q| myZivs
AB
weea©b m  GLb A BO Ges ABO ؇qi g‡a¨
AB
ABO  ABO  90
AOB  AOB [ cÖwZdjb †KvY = AvcZb †KvY (ev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^), cÖwZdj‡bi wecÖZxc †KvY = AvcZb †KvY (Aev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^)]
Ges Aewkó OAB  OAB
myZivs wÎfyR `ywU m`„k‡KvYx ev m`„k|
AB OB

om
d‡j, 
AB OB
OB y

.c
m   ... ... ... (1)
OB x

24
wP‡ýi ev¯Íe cÖ_v Abymv‡i,

bd
(ev¯Íe `~iZ¡ abvZ¡K I Aev¯Íe `~iZ¡ FbvZ¥K|)
v y
(1) bs mgxKiY Abymv‡i, m 

|e

u x
cÖwZwe¤^ Aev¯Íe, wmav ev mgkxl© n‡j weea©b abvZ¡K aiv nq|
al
wKš‘ wmav Z_v Aev¯Íe cªwZwe‡¤^i †ÿ‡Î, cÖwZwe‡¤^i `~iZ¡, v FbvZ¥K| Avevi, cÖwZwe¤^ ev¯Íe, D‡ëv ev Aekxl© n‡j weea©b
m
FbvZ¡K aiv nq| wKš‘ D‡ëv Z_v ev¯Íe cªwZwe‡¤^i †ÿ‡Î, cÖwZwe‡¤^i `~iZ¡, v abvZ¥K|
Ja

v y
wPý ms‡kvab K‡i cvB, m    
u x
ah

‡Kvb AeZj `c©‡Yi cÖavb A‡ÿi Dci jÿ e¯‘i wewfbœ Ae¯’v‡b †h mKj we¤^ m„wó nq Zv wbLyZ wPÎ mn eY©bvt
Sh

(K) jÿ e¯‘ Amxg `~i‡Z¡t aiv hvK, MAM  GKwU AeZj `c©‡Yi cÖavb †Q`| A Dnvi †giæ, F cÖavb †dvKvm, C
eµZvi †K›`ª Ges AFC cÖavb Aÿ| PQ jÿ¨ e¯‘wU Amxg `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z| Amxg `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z jÿ¨e¯‘i kxl© n‡Z AvMZ
d

`ywU Av‡jvKiwk¥ cÖwZdj‡bi ci †dvKvm Z‡ji P© we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq|

M

P n‡Z cÖavb A‡ÿi Dci PQ j¤^ AuvKv nj| PQ B PQ jÿ¨ e¯‘i ev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^|
r

cÖwZwe‡¤^i Ae¯’vb t cÖavb †dvKvm Z‡j A_©vr v = f

so

cÖwZwe‡¤^i cÖK…wZ t ev¯Íe I D‡ëv

es

cÖwZwe‡¤^i AKvi t AZ¨šÍ Lwe©Z|

of

(L) jÿ e¯‘ eµZvi †K›`ª I Amx‡gi g‡a¨ (A_©vr 2f<u<  )t aiv hvK, MAM  GKwU AeZj `c©‡Yi cÖavb †Q`| A
Dnvi †giæ, F cÖavb †dvKvm, C eµZvi †K›`ª Ges AFC cÖavb Aÿ| PQ jÿ¨ e¯‘wU AFC cÖavb A‡ÿi Dci eµZvi
Pr

†K›`ª I Amx‡gi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z| P n‡Z GKwU iwk¥ cÖavb A‡ÿi mgvšÍiv‡jAvcwZZ n‡q cÖavb †dvKvm w`‡q cÖwZdwjZ
nq| Aci GKwU Av‡jvK iwk¥ cÖavb †dvKvm w`‡q AvcwZZ n‡q cÖavb A‡ÿi mgvšÍiv‡jcÖwZdwjZ nq| cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥Øq
P we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| P n‡Z cÖavb A‡ÿi Dci Aw¼Z PQ j¤^B PQ
jÿ¨e¯‘i ev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^|
cÖwZwe‡¤^i Ae¯’vb t cÖavb †dvKvm I eµZvi †K‡›`ªi gvSLv‡bi †Kvb GK RvqMvq|
cÖwZwe‡¤^i cÖK…wZ t ev¯Íe I D‡ëv
cÖwZwe‡¤^i AKvi t Lwe©Z|

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com

 08| Av‡jvi cÖwZdjb (Reflection Of Light) 7
(M) jÿ e¯‘ eµZvi †K‡›`ª ( A_©vr u = 2f )t aiv hvK, MAM GKwU AeZj `c©‡Yi cÖavb †Q`| A Dnvi †giæ, F cÖavb

†dvKvm, C eµZvi †K›`ª Ges AFC cÖavb Aÿ| PQ jÿ¨ e¯‘wU AFC cÖavb A‡ÿi Dci eµZvi †K‡›`ª Aew¯’Z| P n‡Z
GKwU iwk¥ cÖavb A‡ÿi mgvšÍiv‡jAvcwZZ n‡q cÖavb †dvKvm w`‡q cÖwZdwjZ nq| Aci GKwU Av‡jvK iwk¥ cÖavb
†dvKvm w`‡q AvcwZZ n‡q cÖavb A‡ÿi mgvšÍiv‡jcÖwZdwjZ nq| cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥Øq P we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| P n‡Z cÖavb
A‡ÿi Dci Aw¼Z PQ j¤^B PQ jÿ¨e¯‘i ev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^|
cÖwZwe‡¤^i Ae¯’vb t eµZvi †K‡›`ª|
cÖwZwe‡¤^i cÖK…wZ t ev¯Íe I D‡ëv
cÖwZwe‡¤^i AKvi t e¯‘i mgvb|
(N) jÿ e¯‘ cÖavb †dvKvm I eµZvi †K‡›`ªi g‡a¨ (A_©vr f<u<2f )t
aiv hvK, MAM  GKwU AeZj `c©‡Yi cÖavb †Q`| A Dnvi †giæ, F cÖavb †dvKvm, C eµZvi †K›`ª Ges AFC cÖavb
Aÿ| PQ jÿ¨ e¯‘wU AFC cÖavb A‡ÿi Dci †dvKvm I eµZvi †K‡›`ªi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z| P n‡Z GKwU iwk¥ cÖavb A‡ÿi

om
mgvšÍiv‡jAvcwZZ n‡q cÖavb †dvKvm w`‡q cÖwZdwjZ nq| Aci GKwU Av‡jvK iwk¥ cÖavb †dvKvm w`‡q AvcwZZ n‡q
cÖavb A‡ÿi mgvšÍiv‡jcÖwZdwjZ nq| cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥Øq P we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|

.c
P n‡Z cÖavb A‡ÿi Dci Aw¼Z PQ j¤^B PQ jÿ¨e¯‘i ev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^|

24
cÖwZwe‡¤^i Ae¯’vb t eµZvi †K›`ª I Amx‡gi g‡a¨|
cÖwZwe‡¤^i cÖK…wZ t ev¯Íe I D‡ëv

bd
cÖwZwe‡¤^i AKvi t weewa©Z|

|e
(O) jÿ e¯‘ cÖavb †dvKv‡m ( A_©vr u = f )t
aiv hvK, MAM  GKwU AeZj `c©‡Yi cÖavb †Q`| A Dnvi †giæ, F cÖavb †dvKvm, C eµZvi †K›`ª Ges AFC cÖavb
al
Aÿ| PQ jÿ¨ e¯‘wU AFC cÖavb A‡ÿi Dci cÖavb †dvKv‡m| P n‡Z GKwU iwk¥ cÖavb A‡ÿi mgvšÍiv‡jAvcwZZ n‡q
m
cÖavb †dvKvm w`‡q cÖwZdwjZ nq| Aci GKwU Av‡jvK iwk¥ eµZvi ‡K›`ª w`‡q AvcwZZ
Ja

n‡q GKB c‡_ cÖwZdwjZ nq| cÖwZdj‡bi ci cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥Øq ci¯úi mgvšÍivj
nq| G iwk¥Øq Amx‡g PQ Gi ev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^ MVb K‡i|
ah

cÖwZwe‡¤^i Ae¯’vb t Amx‡g|

cÖwZwe‡¤^i cÖK…wZ t ev¯Íe I D‡ëv A_ev Aev¯Íe I †mvRv|
Sh

cÖwZwe‡¤^i AKvi t AZ¨šÍÍ weewa©Z|

d

(P) jÿe¯‘ cÖavb†dvKvm I †giæi g‡a¨ ( A_©vr u < f )t

M

aiv hvK, MAM  GKwU AeZj `c©‡Yi cÖavb †Q`| A Dnvi †giæ, F cÖavb †dvKvm, C eµZvi †K›`ª Ges AFC cÖavb
Aÿ| PQ jÿ¨ e¯‘wU AFC cÖavb A‡ÿi Dci cÖavb †dvKvm I †giæi g‡a¨| P n‡Z GKwU iwk¥ cÖavb A‡ÿi
r
so

mgvšÍiv‡jAvcwZZ n‡q cÖavb †dvKvm w`‡q cÖwZdwjZ nq| Aci GKwU Av‡jvK iwk¥ eµZvi ‡K›`ª w`‡q AvcwZZ n‡q
GKB c‡_ cÖwZdwjZ nq| cÖwZdj‡bi ci cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥Øq ci¯úi n‡Z `~‡i m‡i hvq|
es

G‡`i‡K wcQb w`‡K evov‡j P we›`y †_‡K Acm„Z n‡”Q e‡j g‡b nq|
of

P n‡Z cÖavb A‡ÿi Dci Aw¼Z PQ j¤^B PQ jÿ¨e¯‘i Aev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^|
Pr

cÖwZwe‡¤^i Ae¯’vb t `c©‡bi wcQ‡b|

cÖwZwe‡¤^i cÖK…wZ t Aev¯Íe I ‡mvRv ev Lvov|
cÖwZwe‡¤^i AKvi t weewa©Z|
DËj `c©‡Y cÖwZwe¤^ MVbt
g‡b Kwi, MAM  GKwU DËj `c©‡Yi cÖavb †Q`, Gi cÖavb †dvKvm F| eµZvi †K›`ª C, cÖavb Aÿ QAC Ges -Gi
Dci jÿ¨e¯‘ PQ j¤^ fv‡e Aew¯’Z|
P n‡Z cÖavb A‡ÿi mgvšÍiv‡j `c©‡Yi L we›`y‡Z AvcwZZ PL Av‡jvK iwk¥wU `c©Y n‡Z FLR †iLvq LR eivei
cÖwZdwjZn‡e| Avevi P n‡Z `c©‡Yi N we›`y‡Z AvcwZZ eµZvi †K›`ª C AwfgyLx PN Av‡jvK iwk¥wU `c©Y n‡Z GKB
†iLvq wecixZ w`‡K NP eivei cÖwZdwjZ n‡e| AZGe cðvr w`‡K ewa©Z Dc‡iv³ cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥ `ywUi †Q`we›`y P B P

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com

 08| Av‡jvi cÖwZdjb (Reflection Of Light) 8
we›`yi Aev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^ Ges
P n‡Z QAC -Gi Dci Aw¼Z j¤^ PQ -B e¯‘ PQ Gi Aev¯Íe
I wmav cÖwZwe¤^ n‡e| wP‡Î e¯‘i cÖ_g I wØZxq Ae¯’v‡b cÖwZwe¤^
h_vµ‡g K I L -G MwVZ n‡q‡Q| wPÎ n‡Z Abvqv‡m ejv hvq †h,
e¯‘ †hLv‡bB _vKzK bv †Kb DËj `c©‡Y Zvi cÖwZwe¤^ me©`v wmav,
Aev¯Íe I `c©‡Yi wcQ‡b MwVZ n‡e Ges AvKv‡i e¯‘i †P‡q †QvU
n‡e| e¯‘ hZ `c©‡Yi Kv‡Q Ae¯’vb Ki‡e cÖwZwe¤^ `c©‡Yi ZZ Kv‡Q
MwVZ n‡e I cªwZwe¤^ I eo n‡e|
AeZj `c©‡bi †dvKvm `~iZ¡ wbY©qt
j¤^b c×wZt GKwU `‡Ûi mv‡_ cixÿYxq AeZj `c©Y MAM  -wU‡K Ggb fv‡e AvUwK‡q ivLv nq †hb Zvi cÖavb Aÿ
AbyfywgK nq| GLb Ab¨ GKwU Lvov `‡Ûi mvnv‡h¨ GKwU wcb PQ AvUwK‡q wcbwU‡K `c©‡Yi m¤§y‡L ivLv nq †hb wcbwUi

om
kxl© P I `c©YwUi †giæ A GKB D”PZvq _v‡K A_©vr wcbwUi kxl© `c©‡Yi cÖavb Aÿ‡K ¯úk© K‡i| AZtci
wcbwU‡K m¤§y‡L ev wcQ‡b mwi‡q Ggb GK Ae¯’v‡b inq †hb Zvi cÖwZwe¤^ P Q wVK PQ wc‡bi gv_vq Ae¯’vb K‡i Ges

.c
cÖwZwe¤^ I e¯‘i g‡a¨ †Kvb j¤^b ÎæwU bv _v‡K| GgZve¯’vq Zv‡`i w`‡K †PvL

24
‡i‡L Gcvk Icvk ZvKv‡j wc‡bi mv‡c‡ÿ Zvi Ae¯’v‡bi †Kvbiƒc cwieZ©b

bd
jÿ¨ Kiv bv hvq| Kv‡RB G †ÿ‡Î e¯‘i `~iZ¡ u =AP Ges cÖwZwe‡¤^i `~iZ¡
v =A P ci¯úi eµZvi e¨vmva© r Gi mgvb n‡e|

|e
1 1 1
 u  v  r wKš‘  
v u f
1 1 1
ev,   al
m
r r f
Ja

2 1
ev, 
r f
ah

r
f 
2
Sh

Kv‡RB AP †R‡b Dc‡ii mgxKi‡bi mvnv‡h¨ f wbY©q Kiv hvq|

†Mvjxq AeZj `c©‡bi cÖavb †dvKvm I eµZvi †K‡›`ª e¯‘ ivL‡j h_vµ‡g Amx‡g Ges eµKvi †K‡›`ª ev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^ MwVZ
d

nq Gi MvwYwZK cÖgvbt e¯‘ AeZj `c©‡Yi eµZvi †K‡›`ªt

M

e¯‘ AeZj `c©‡Yi cÖavb †dvKv‡mt GLv‡b, e¯‘i `~iZ¡ u = r

r

GLv‡b, e¯‘i `~iZ¡ u = f

so

eµZvi e¨vmva© r = r
†dvKvm `~iZ¡ f = f cÖwZwe¤^ `~iZ¡ v = ?
es

cÖwZwe¤^ `~iZ¡ v = ? 1 1 2
Avgiv Rvwb,  
of

1 1 1 v u r
Avgiv Rvwb,  
v f f 1 1 2
Pr

ev,  
1 v r r
ev,  0
v 1 1
ev, 
1 v r
 v    e¯‘ cÖavb †dvKv‡m
0  v  r e¯‘ cÖavb eµZvi †K‡›`ª
_vK‡j cÖwZwe¤^ Amx‡g MwVZ n‡e| _vK‡j cÖwZwe¤^ eµZvi †K‡›`ª MwVZ n‡e|

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com