MIND

Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

An electric current flowing in a wire produces magnetic field around it.

Magnetic Field Electric Motor Electromagnetic Induction

● It is a space surrounding a magnet in which a ● It is a device which converts It is a phenomenon of induction of emf in
magnetic force is exerted. electrical energy into a coil when there is a change in magnetic
● It has magnitude as well as direction. mechanical energy. flux linked with coil.
● Magnetic force may be attractive or repulsive in ● Used in electric fans,
nature. machines etc. Fleming's Right-Hand Rule
● Its SI unit is tesla or weber/m2. If the thumb, forefinger and the
● 1 T = 1 N/A-m = 104 gauss middle finger of your right-hand
are at right angle to one another in
Domestic Electric Circuit such a way that the forefinger
It uses parallel connections points in the direction of magnetic
Magnetic Field Lines ●
field and the middle finger points
A pattern of continuous curves in a magnetic field at various electrical point at
the direction of induced current
such that the tangent at any point gives the 220 V, 50 Hz power.
then the thumb gives the direction
direction of magnetic field at that point. ● Short-circuit occurs when of motion of conductor.
Field lines come out of North poles and goes into two wires touch each other
South pole. No two field lines intersect each other. due to fault in the appliance.
● Overloading occurs due to
accidental rise in supply Electric Generator
Circular Loop Converts mechanical energy into
voltage and connecting many
electrical energy.
Magnetic field lines are represented by concentric devices to one socket.
circles that appear as straight lines near the centre ● Fuse is a safety device
of loop. Magnetic field produced at the centre of having short length of thin
loop.
Magnetic Flux
wire made of tin (25%) and
Product of magnetic field and the area
● Directly on the current, directly on the number lead (75%) alloy having low
through which magnetic field passes.
of turns and inversely on the radius of coil. melting point around 200°C.

Electromagnet
Solenoid Soft iron is used for making
Magnetic field produced is similar to the electromagnet or temporary magnet. It
magnetic field produced by a bar magnet. works on the magnetic effect of
● Depends on the number of turns per unit current. It is used in electric bell,
length and current passing through it. telephone etc.
Right Hand Thumb Rule
Pattern due to Straight Conductor This rule is used to find the direction
Magnetic field lines are represented by concentric of magnetic field due to a straight
circles and become larger as the distance increases. current-carrying wire.
● Depends directly on the length of wire, directly on It states that if we consider ourselves
the current passing through the wire and winding a cork screw in the direction
inversely on the distance from the wire. of current, then the direction of
rotation of the cork screw is the
direction of the magnetic lines.
DC and AC Current
● If current flows in one
direction then it is called
Direct Current (DC).
● If the current reverses
direction after equal intervals
of time then it is called
Alternating Current (AC).
● AC produced in India
reverses its direction every
1/100 second.
● AC can be transmitted over
long distances without much
loss of electrical energy.

Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor Fleming's Left Hand Rule

● A magnet exerts a mechanical force on a current- If the forefinger, thumb and middle finger of left-
carrying conductor. hand are stretched mutually perpendicular, then
● Force acting on the conductor is perpendicular to the forefinger points along the direction of magnetic
direction of magnetic field. field.