FORMULAE

GRADE 10 ADVANCED – BRIDGE STREAM

DO REMEMBER

Electric Power:

𝑊 𝑉2
𝑃= = ∆𝑉 𝐼 = 𝐼2 𝑅 =
𝑡 𝑅

𝑃 – Power - Watt W

𝑊 – Work done - Joule J

𝑡 – Time - Second s

∆𝑉 – Change in potential difference - Volt V

𝑉 – Potential difference - Volt V

𝐼 – Electric current - Ampere A

𝑅 – Resistance - Ohm Ω

Combination of resistance:
Series combination : 𝑅𝑆 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 + ⋯
Current is same in all resistors
1 1 1 1
Parallel combination : = + + +⋯
RP R1 R2 R3
P.D. across all resistors is same

𝑅𝑆 − Resultant resistance of Series Combination - Ohm Ω

R P − Resultant resistance of Parallel Combination - Ohm Ω

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AL DANAT GIRLS SCHOOL C2/C3 (G-366) Ms. Jamila Aldarei
Prof. HITESH JOSHI – Physics Tr
Ph.D. (p) IIT Dhanbad, M.Phil., M.Sc., B.Ed., PGDHE, DCO, CIG, … – PHYSICS FORMULAE (Grade 10 ADV.)
In series combination – CURRENT is same through every component but the PD –
Potential Difference is differed.
In parallel combination – POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE is same across every branches but
the CURRENT is differed as per the load in each branches.

Ohm’s Law
Electrical Potential Difference:
Amount of work done W J
Electrical Potential Difference = Electrical Charge
≫V= Q
≫V=C

Ohm’s law: V  I  V = IR
Under all physical conditions remain constant; the potential difference across the conductor
is directly proportional to the current passing through it.
Here, R is resistance in , I is current in , V is potential difference in V.
You may also write as –

V
Ibranch =
Rbranch

EMF – Electro Motive Force – Potential Difference

F = 𝑩 𝒍 𝒗 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
EMF = F = 𝐵 𝑙 𝑣 sin 𝜃 - Volt V
𝐵 – Magnetic Field Strength / Magnetic Field Intensity / Magnetic Flux - Tesla T
𝑙 – Length of a wire / conductor - Metre m
𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑚
𝑣 – Velocity of a conductor in a magnetic field -
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑠

𝜃 – Angle between the magnetic field and motion of a conductor - radian rad

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AL DANAT GIRLS SCHOOL C2/C3 (G-366) Ms. Jamila Aldarei
Prof. HITESH JOSHI – Physics Tr
Ph.D. (p) IIT Dhanbad, M.Phil., M.Sc., B.Ed., PGDHE, DCO, CIG, … – PHYSICS FORMULAE (Grade 10 ADV.)
A force exerted by a magnetic field on a charge passing through a magnetic field.

F = 𝒒𝒗𝑩 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
𝐵 – Magnetic Field Strength / Magnetic Field Intensity / Magnetic Flux - Tesla T
𝑞 – Charge - Coulomb C
𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑚
𝑣 – Velocity of a charge in a magnetic field -
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑠

𝜃 – Angle between the magnetic field and motion of a charge - radian rad

TRANSFORMERS
• The EMF induced in the secondary coil, called the secondary voltage, is proportional
to the primary voltage.
• If the secondary voltage is larger than the primary voltage, the transformer is called a
step-up transformer.
• If the voltage coming out of the transformer is smaller than the voltage put in, then it
is called a step-down transformer.

• The secondary voltage also depends on the ratio of the number of turns on the
secondary coil to the number of turns on the primary coil.

Vs Ns
=
Vp Np
• In an ideal transformer, the electrical power delivered to the secondary circuit equals
the power supplied to the primary circuit: Pp = Ps.

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AL DANAT GIRLS SCHOOL C2/C3 (G-366) Ms. Jamila Aldarei
Prof. HITESH JOSHI – Physics Tr
Ph.D. (p) IIT Dhanbad, M.Phil., M.Sc., B.Ed., PGDHE, DCO, CIG, … – PHYSICS FORMULAE (Grade 10 ADV.)
 • Recalling that P = IV, we can find the relationship among the number of turns, the
currents through, and the potential differences of the primary and secondary coils.

Transformer Equation

I s Vp Np
= =
I p Vs Ns

JUST FOR YOUR KNOWLEDGE – ENRICHMENT PART OF THE CONTENT

Average power, PAC, is half the maximum power: PAC = ½Pmax

You can express effective current (I eff) in terms of the average AC power:

PAC = I eff 2R
To determine Ieff in terms of maximum current (Imax),

æ 2ö
I eff = ç ÷ I max = 0.707I max
Effective Current -
è 2ø

Similarly, the following equation can be used to express effective voltage,

æ 2ö
Veff = ç ÷Vmax = 0.707Vmax
Effective Voltage -
è 2ø

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AL DANAT GIRLS SCHOOL C2/C3 (G-366) Ms. Jamila Aldarei
Prof. HITESH JOSHI – Physics Tr
Ph.D. (p) IIT Dhanbad, M.Phil., M.Sc., B.Ed., PGDHE, DCO, CIG, … – PHYSICS FORMULAE (Grade 10 ADV.)