CE 2013: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS II

Topic 4: Moment Distribution Method Part 2

Dr Lakshitha Fernando
1
Moment Distribution Method: Example 5
Determine the support reactions and the bending moment, shear force and axial
force variation of the given frame

Step 1: Determine the Fixed End Moments (FEM)

Member AB Member CD Distribution factors (DF) for Step 3

4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 0 𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝑀𝐹𝐶𝐷 = 0 𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 𝐾𝐶𝐷 =
3 4 3
𝑀𝐹𝐵𝐴 = 0 𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝑀𝐹𝐷𝐶 = 0 𝑘𝑁𝑚 4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼
𝐷𝐹𝐵𝐴 = 3 = 0.57 𝐷𝐹𝐶𝐷 = 3 = 0.57
4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼
Member BC 3 + 4 3 + 4
4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼
10 × 4 𝐷𝐹𝐵𝐶 = 4 = 0.43 𝐷𝐹𝐶𝐵 = 4 = 0.43
𝑀𝐹𝐵𝐶 = − = −5 𝑘𝑁𝑚 4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼
8
3 + 4 3 + 4
10 × 4
𝑀𝐹𝐶𝐵 = = 5 𝑘𝑁𝑚
8 Carry over factors (COF) for Step 4
From B to A= 1/2 and from A to B= 0
From B to C= 1/2 and from C to B= 1/2
From C to D= 1/2 and from D to C = 0

36
 Moment Distribution Method: Example 5
Joints A B C D
Members AB BA BC CB CD DC
DF 0.57 0.43 0.43 0.57
1/2 1/2 0
COF 0 1/2 1/2
FEM (kNm) 0 0 -5 5 0 0
Balance B (kNm) 5*0.57=2.85 5*0.43=2.15
2.85 -2.85
1/2 1/2
COM (kNm) 1.43 1.08
1.43
Balance C (kNm) -6.08*0.43=-2.61 -6.08*0.57=-3.47
3.47 -3.47
1/2 1/2
COM (kNm) -1.31 -1.74
-1.74
Balance B (kNm) 1.31*0.57=0.75 1.31*0.43=0.56
1/2 3.6 -3.6
1/2
COM (kNm) 0.38 0.28
1.81
Balance C (kNm) -0.28*0.43=-0.12 -0.28*0.57=-0.16
1/2 3.63 -3.63
1/2
COM (kNm) -0.06 -0.08
-1.82
Balance B (kNm) 0.06*0.57=0.03 0.06*0.43=0.03
1/2
COM (kNm) 0.01 37

(kNm) 1.82 3.63 -3.63 3.63 -3.63 -1.82

Moment Distribution Method: Example 5
Member BC
𝑅𝐵 + 𝑅𝐶 = 10 𝑅𝐵 = 𝑅𝐶 = 5 𝑘𝑁

Member AB
෍ 𝑀𝐵 = 𝑀𝐵𝐴 −1.82 + 𝐻𝐴 × 3 =3.63 𝐻𝐴 = 1.82 𝑘𝑁

𝐻𝐵 = 𝐻𝐴 = 1.82 𝑘𝑁

𝑅𝐴 = 𝑅𝐵 = 5 𝑘𝑁

Member BC
𝐻𝐵 = 𝐻𝐶 = 1.82 𝑘𝑁

Member CD
𝐻𝐷 = 𝐻𝐶 = 1.82 𝑘𝑁

𝑅𝐷 = 𝑅𝐶 = 5 𝑘𝑁

38
Moment Distribution Method: Example 5

Shear force variation

Axial force variation 5 kN +

- -1.82 kN
-
-5 kN
- +
- -

-5 kN -5 kN -1.82 kN 1.82 kN

Note: Tension is considered positive Note: Clock wise shear is considered positive

39
Moment Distribution Method: Example 5
Bending moment variation

3.63 kNm 3.63 kNm

10*4/4=10 kNm
+ +
3.63 kNm 3.63 kNm

-
++ +

-6.37 kNm

- -
-

-1.82 kNm -1.82 kNm

Note: Hogging moment is considered positive

40
Moment Distribution Method: Example 6 (Sway analysis)
Determine the support reactions and the bending moment, shear force and axial
force variation of the given frame
Step 1: Determine the Fixed End Moments (FEM)
Since the frame is loaded at a joint, there will not be any
Fixed End Moments due to the loading. However,
the applied horizontal force will cause the frame to Distribution factors (DF) for Step 3
deflect in the horizontal direction, which can induce 4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼
Fixed End Moments in the members. Since the 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 𝐾𝐶𝐷 =
3 4 3
horizontal deflection is not known, a Fixed End Moment
4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼
of 100 kNm will be assumed at all the applicable joints. 3 3
𝐷𝐹𝐵𝐴 = = 0.57 𝐷𝐹𝐶𝐷 = = 0.57
4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝐹𝐴𝐵 = −100 𝑘𝑁𝑚 3 + 4 3 + 4
4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝐹𝐵𝐴 = −100 𝑘𝑁𝑚 4 4
𝐷𝐹𝐵𝐶 = = 0.43 𝐷𝐹𝐶𝐵 = = 0.43
4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝐹𝐵𝐶 = 0 𝑘𝑁𝑚 3 + 4 3 + 4

𝑀𝐹𝐶𝐵 = 0 𝑘𝑁𝑚 Carry over factors (COF) for Step 4

From B to A= 1/2 and from A to B= 0
𝑀𝐹𝐷𝐶 = −100 𝑘𝑁𝑚
From B to C= 1/2 and from C to B= 1/2
𝑀𝐹𝐶𝐷 = −100 𝑘𝑁𝑚 From C to D= 1/2 and from D to C = 0

41
 Moment Distribution Method: Example 6
Joints A B C D
Members AB BA BC CB CD DC
DF 0.57 0.43 0.43 0.57
1/2 1/2 0
COF 0 1/2 1/2
FEM (kNm) -100 -100 0 0 -100 -100
Balance B (kNm) 100*0.57=57 100*0.43=43
-43 43
1/2 1/2
COM (kNm) 28.5 21.5
-71.5
Balance C (kNm) 78.5*0.43=33.8 78.5*0.57=44.7
55.3 -55.3
1/2 1/2
COM (kNm) 16.9 22.4
-77.6
Balance B (kNm) -16.9*0.57=-9.6 -16.9*0.43=-7.3
1/2 -52.6 52.6
1/2
COM (kNm) -4.8 -3.65
-76.3
Balance C (kNm) 3.65*0.43=1.6 3.65*0.57=2.1
53.2 -53.2
1/2
COM (kNm) 0.8 1.1
-76.5
Balance B (kNm) -0.8*0.57=-0.5 -0.8*0.43=-0.3
1/2
COM (kNm) -0.2 42

(kNm) -76.5 -53.1 53.1 53.2 -53.2 -76.5

Moment Distribution Method: Example 6
Member AB
෍ 𝑀𝐵 = 𝑀𝐵𝐴 −76.5 + 𝐻𝐴 × 3 = 53.1 𝐻𝐴 = 43.2 𝑘𝑁

Member CD
෍ 𝑀𝑐 = 𝑀𝐶𝐷 −76.5 + 𝐻𝐷 × 3 = 53.1 𝐻𝐷 = 43.2 𝑘𝑁

Considering the entire frame

𝑃 = 𝐻𝐴 + 𝐻𝐷 = 86.4 𝑘𝑁

But the actual value of P is 5 kN

Since the calculated moments are directly proportionate to the value of P,

all the actions can be recalculated for the actual value of P, by multiplying
them by a factor of 5/86.4=0.058

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Moment Distribution Method: Example 6
Member AB
෍ 𝑀𝐵 = 𝑀𝐵𝐴 −4.4 + 𝐻𝐴 × 3 = 3.1 𝐻𝐴 = 2.5 𝑘𝑁

𝐻𝐴 + 𝐻𝐵 = 5 𝑘𝑁 𝐻𝐵 = 2.5 𝑘𝑁

Member BC
𝐻𝐶 = 𝐻𝐵 = 2.5 𝑘𝑁

෍ 𝑀𝐵 = 𝑀𝐵𝐶 −3.1 + 𝑅𝐶 × 4 = 3.1 𝑅𝐶 = 1.55 𝑘𝑁

𝑅𝐵 + 𝑅𝐶 = 0 𝑘𝑁 𝑅𝐵 = −1.55 𝑘𝑁

Member CD
𝐻𝐷 = 𝐻𝐶 = 2.5 𝑘𝑁

𝑅𝐷 = 𝑅𝐶 = 1.55 𝑘𝑁

Member AB
𝑅𝐴 = 𝑅𝐵 = −1.55 𝑘𝑁

44
 Moment Distribution Method: Example 6

Shear force variation

Axial force variation

- -
-2.5 kN
-1.55 kN
+ +
+
-

1.55 kN -1.55 kN 2.5 kN 2.5 kN

45
Moment Distribution Method: Example 6
Bending moment variation

3.1 kNm

++
-3.1 kNm 3.1 kNm
-
- +
-3.1 kNm

+ -

4.4 kNm -4.4 kNm

46
Moment Distribution Method: Example 7
Determine the support reactions and the bending moment, shear force and axial
force variation of the given frame

Stage 1: The translation at C is Stage 2: The restraint is removed and

restrained by adding a support the frame is allowed to sway

The frame will be analysed in two stages as seen above

Stage 1: Non-sway analysis
Stage 2: Sway analysis
47
Moment Distribution Method: Example 7
Stage 1

The Moment Distribution calculation for this frame is the same

as Example 5

48
Moment Distribution Method: Example 7
Member AB
෍ 𝑀𝐵 = 𝑀𝐵𝐴 −1.82 − 𝐻𝐴 × 3 = 3.63 𝐻𝐴 = −1.82 𝑘𝑁

Member CD
෍ 𝑀𝑐 = 𝑀𝐶𝐷 −1.82 + 𝐻𝐷 × 3 = 3.63 𝐻𝐷 = 1.82 𝑘𝑁

Considering the entire frame

5 + 𝐻𝐴 − 𝐻𝐷 − 𝑃 = 0 𝑘𝑁 𝑃 = 5 𝑘𝑁

Hence, the restraint force from the support at C is 5 kN

Therefore, the actual horizontal force for the analysis of the frame in Stage 2 is 5 kN

49
Moment Distribution Method: Example 7
Member AB
𝐻𝐴 − 𝐻𝐵 + 5 = 0 𝑘𝑁 𝐻𝐵 = 6.82 𝑘𝑁

Member BC
𝐻𝐶 = 𝐻𝐵 = 6.82 𝑘𝑁

𝑅𝐵 = 𝑅𝐶 = 5 𝑘𝑁

Member CD
𝑅𝐷 = 𝑅𝐶 = 5 𝑘𝑁

Member AB
𝑅𝐴 = 𝑅𝐵 = 5 𝑘𝑁

50
Moment Distribution Method: Example 7
Stage 2
The Moment Distribution calculation for this frame is the same
as Example 6

Calculations Similar to Slides 43 and 44 must be carried out next to determine the member forces for Stage 2.

51
Moment Distribution Method: Example 7

Note: K was calculated as 0.058 in Slide 43

Stage 1: Non-sway analysis Stage 2: Sway analysis

+ =

Member actions for Stage 1 Member actions for Stage 2

Member actions for the actual frame

52
Moment Distribution Method: Example 7

Shear force variation

Axial force variation 3.45 kN +

-
-4.32 kN -

+ +
- -6.55 kN
-

-3.45 kN -6.55 kN 0.68 kN 4.32 kN

53
Moment Distribution Method: Example 7
Bending moment variation

3.63 kNm 6.73 kNm

0.53 kNm

10*4/4=10 kNm +
0.53 kNm + 6.73 kNm

+
-

+
-6.37 kNm
-

2.58 kNm -6.22 kNm

54