2023학년도 9월 전국연합학력평가 유사변형 문제

고2
영어 영역
1
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1. zb1 ) 밑줄 친 an improvement in this service가 의미 2. z b2 ) 다음 글의 내용을 아래와 같이 요약하고자 한다. 빈

하는 바를 우리말로 작성하시오. 칸 (A), (B), (C), (D)에 들어갈 표현을 본문에서 찾아
작성하시오. (각각 다른 한 단어이며, 필요시 어형 변화
To whom it may concern,
가능)
I would like to draw your attention to a problem
My 10-year-old appeared, in desperate need of a
that frequently occurs with the No. 35 buses. There
quarter. “A quarter? What on earth do you need a
is a bus stop about halfway along Fenny Road, at
quarter for?” My tone bordered on irritation. I didn’t
which the No. 35 buses are supposed to stop. It
want to be bothered with such a trivial demand.
would appear, however, that some of your drivers
“There’s a garage sale up the street, and there’s
are either unaware of this bus stop or for some
something I just gotta have! It only costs a quarter.
reason choose to ignore it, driving past even though
Please?” I placed a quarter in my son’s hand.
the buses are not full. I would be grateful if you
Moments later, a little voice said, “Here, Mommy, this
could remind your drivers that this bus stop exists
is for you.” I glanced down at the hands of my little
and that they should be prepared to stop at it. I look
son and saw a four-inch cream-colored statue of
forward to seeing an improvement in this service
two small children hugging one another. Inscribed at
soon.
their feet were words that read It starts with ‘L’ ends
Yours faithfully, with ‘E’ and in between are ‘O’ and ‘V.’ As I watched

John Williams him race back to the garage sale, I smiled with a
heart full of happiness. That 25-cent garage sale
purchase brought me a lot of joy.
Answer: ________________________________________
*quarter: 25센트 동전 *inscribe: 새기다
________________________________________________
↓
My son asked me for a ___(A)___ and took it. After
a while, he presented me with a statue of two
children ___(B)___ each other. The statue was
inscribed with the word “___(C)___”. I felt ___(D)___
with such a heart-warming gift.

(A): _____________, (B): _____________

(C): _____________, (D): _____________

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3. zb3 ) 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Managers frequently try to play psychologist, to
“figure out” why an employee has acted in a certain
way. Empathizing with employees in order to
understand their point of view can be very helpful.
However, when dealing with a problem area, in
particular, remember that it is not the person who is
bad, but the actions exhibited on the job. Avoid
making suggestions to employees about personal
traits they should change; instead suggest more
acceptable ways of performing. For example, instead
of focusing on a person’s “unreliability,” a manager
might focus on the fact that the employee “has been
late to work seven times this month.” It is difficult
for employees to change who they are; it is usually
much easier for them to change how they act.
ways for managers to boost employee morale and
concentration
reasons managers must appraise all employees on a
regular basis
effects of expanding welfare facilities for employees
on their productivity
necessity of investing in employee training and
quality control of products
considerations that managers should take into
account when handling problems of employees
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4. z b4 ) 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
I suspect fungi are a little more forward
“thinking” than their larger partners. Among trees,
each species fights other species. Let’s assume the
beeches native to Central Europe could emerge
victorious in most forests there. Would this really be
an advantage? What would happen if a new pathogen
came along that infected most of the beeches and
killed them? In that case, wouldn’t it be more
advantageous if there were a certain number of
other species around — oaks, maples, or firs — that
would continue to grow and provide the shade
needed for a new generation of young beeches to
sprout and grow up? Diversity
________________________. Because fungi are also
very dependent on stable conditions, they support
other species underground and protect them from
complete collapse to ensure that one species of tree
doesn’t manage to dominate.
*fungus: 균류, 곰팡이류 (pl. fungi) *beech: 너도밤나무
*pathogen: 병원균
keeps forests safe and stable
helps prevent climate change
increase soil carbon in natural forests
undermines security for ancient forests
creates competition among trees for survival
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5. zb5 ) 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한
것은?
It’s remarkable that positive fantasies help us relax
to such an extent that it shows up in physiological
tests.
(A) The principle of “Dream it. Wish it. Do it.” does
not hold true, and now we know why:
dreaming it, you undercut the energy you need
to do it. You put yourself in a temporary state of
complete happiness, calmness ― and inactivity.
(B) The last thing you want to be is relaxed. You
want to be energized enough to get off the couch
and lose those pounds or find that job or study
for that test, and you want to be motivated
enough to stay engaged even when the inevitable
obstacles or challenges arise.
(C) If you want to unwind, you can take some deep
breaths, get a massage, or go for a walk — but
you can also try simply closing your eyes and
fantasizing about some future outcome that you
might enjoy. But what about when your objective
is to make your wish a reality?
(A)-(C)-(B) (B)-(A)-(C)
(B)-(C)-(A) (C)-(A)-(B)
(C)-(B)-(A)
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6. z b6 ) 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈
칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
If cooking is as central to human identity, biology,
and culture as the biological anthropologist Richard
Wrangham suggests, it stands to reason that the
decline of cooking in our time would have serious
consequences for modern life, and so it has. Are
they all bad? Not at all. The outsourcing of much of
in
the work of cooking to corporations has relieved
women of what has traditionally been their exclusive
responsibility for feeding the family, making it easier
for them to work outside the home and have
careers. It has headed off many of the domestic
conflicts that such a large shift in gender roles and
family dynamics was bound to spark. It has relieved
other pressures in the household, including longer
workdays and overscheduled children, and saved us
time that we can now invest in other pursuits. It has
also allowed us to diversify our diets substantially,
making it possible even for people with no cooking
skills and little money to enjoy a whole different
cuisine. All that’s required is a microwave.
↓
The outsourcing the task of cooking at home
____(A)____ the pressure on women to be responsible
for the daily cooking for their family, which also
____(B)____ conflicts at home, saves time, and allows
us to enjoy various dishes in the house.
(A) (B)
puts causes
reduces fosters
exerts resolves
lessens prevents
intensifies mediates
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[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 24번] Internet via smart TVs compared to the previous
7. zb7 ) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 문장 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? year, during the given period. In 2014, the
percentage of females using smart TVs to access the
As you may already know, what and how you buy
Internet was the lowest during the given period at
can be political. To whom do you want to give
6%, and it was more than 10% in 2015.
your money? Which companies and corporations do
you value and respect? Be mindful about every
purchase by carefully researching the corporations
that are taking our money decide if they deserve
our support. Do they have a record of polluting the
environment, or do they have fair­trade practices
and an end­of­life plan for the products they make?
Are they committed to bringing about good in the [연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 26번]
world? For instance, my family has found a company 9. z b9 ) Camille Flammarion에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일
producing recycled, plastic-packaging-free toilet 치하지 않는 것은?
paper with a social conscience. They contribute 50
Camille Flammarion was born at Montigny-le-Roi,
percent of their profits to the construction of toilets
France. He became interested in astronomy at an
around the world, and we’re genuinely happy to
early age, and when he was only sixteen he wrote a
spend our money on this special toilet paper each
book on the origin of the world. The manuscript was
month. Remember that the corporate world is built
not published at the time, but it came to the
on consumers, so as a consumer you have the
attention of Urbain Le Verrier, the director of the
power to vote with your wallet and encourage
Paris Observatory. He became an assistant to Le
companies to embrace healthier and more
Verrier in 1858 and worked as a calculator. At
sustainable practices with every purchase you choose
nineteen, he wrote another book called The Plurality
to make.
of Inhabited Worlds, in which he passionately claimed
that life exists outside the planet Earth. His most
successful work, Popular Astronomy, was published
in 1880, and eventually sold 130,000 copies. With his
own funds, he built an observatory at Juvisy and
[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 25번] spent May to November of each year there. In 1887,
8. zb8 ) 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? he founded the French Astronomical Society and
served as editor of its monthly publication.

*observatory: 천문대

16세에 세상의 기원에 관한 책을 썼다.

세상의 기원에 관한 책의 원고는 Le Verrier의 관심을 끌
었다.
The plurality of inhabited Worlds는 그의 가장 성공적
인 저서이다.
자신에 세운 천문대에서 매년 5월에서 11월까지 지냈다.
French Astronomical Society의 월간 간행물의 편집자로
The graph above shows the findings of a survey on 일했다.
the use of smart TVs to go online in the UK from
2013 to 2020, by gender. In each year from 2013
to 2020, the percentage of male respondents who
used smart TVs to access the Internet was higher
than that of female respondents. The percentage
gap between the two genders was the largest in 2016
and in 2020, which both had an 8 percentage point
difference. In 2020, the percentage of respondents
who reported using smart TVs to go online was
higher than 40% for both males and females. For
male respondents, 2017 was the only year that saw a
decrease in the percentage of those accessing the

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10.
zb1 0) (A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 11.
z b1 1) 다음 글을 읽고 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 적절한 표
것은? 현을 본문에서 찾아 작성하시오. (각각 다른 한 단어)

There is little doubt that we are driven by the
sell-by date. Once an item is past that date it goes
into the waste stream, further (A)[ increasing /
decreasing ] its carbon footprint. Remember those
items have already travelled hundreds of miles to
reach the shelves and once they go into waste they
start a new carbon mile journey. But we all make
our own judgement about sell-by dates; those
brought up during the Second World War would
often (B)[ support / despise ] the terrible waste they
believe such caution encourages. The manufacturer
of the food has a view when making or growing
something that by the time the product reaches the
shelves it has already been travelling for so many
days and possibly many miles. The manufacturer
then decides that a product can reasonably be
consumed within say 90 days and 90 days (C)[ plus /
minus ] so many days for travelling gives the sell-by
date. But whether it becomes toxic is something each
individual can decide. It would seem to make sense
not to buy large packs of perishable goods but
non-perishable items may become cost-effective.
*sell-by date: 판매 유효 기한
The “jolt” of caffeine does wear off. Caffeine is
removed from your system by an enzyme within your
liver, which gradually degrades it over time. Based in
large part on genetics, some people have a more
efficient version of the enzyme that degrades
caffeine, allowing the liver to rapidly eliminate it
from the bloodstream. These rare individuals can
drink an espresso with dinner and fall fast asleep at
midnight without a problem. Others, however, have a
slower-acting version of the enzyme. It takes far
longer for their system to ____(A)____ the same
amount of caffeine. As a result, they are very
sensitive to caffeine’s effects. One cup of tea or
coffee in the morning will last much of the day, and
should they have a second cup, even early in the
afternoon, they will find it difficult to fall asleep in
the evening. Aging also alters the speed of caffeine
clearance: the older we are, the longer it takes our
brain and body to remove caffeine, and thus the
more ____(B)____ we become in later life to caffeine’s
sleep-disrupting influence.
*jolt: 충격 *enzyme: 효소

(A) (B) (C) (A): ________________

increasing support plus (B): ________________
decreasing support minus
increasing despise minus
decreasing despise plus
increasing despise plus

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12.
zb1 2) 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Rebels may think they’re rebels,
marketers influence them just like the rest of us.
Saying, “Everyone is doing it” may turn some people
off from an idea. These people will look for
alternatives, which (if cleverly planned) can be
exactly what a marketer or persuader wants you to
believe. If I want you to consider an idea, and know
you strongly reject popular opinion in favor of
maintaining your independence and uniqueness, I
would present the majority option first, which you
would reject in favor of my actual preference. We
are often tricked when we try to maintain a position
of defiance. People use this reversal to make us
independently” choose an option which suits their
purposes. Some brands have taken full effect of our
defiance towards the mainstream and positioned
themselves as rebels; which has created even
stronger brand loyalty.
consumer spending habits that change with trends
effort of marketers to better
industry
13.
z b1 3) (A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한
것은?
but clever
A typical soap opera creates an abstract world, in
which a highly complex web of relationships connects
(A)[ actual / fictional ] characters that exist first only
in the minds of the program’s creators and are then
recreated in the minds of the viewer. If you were to
think about how much human psychology, law, and
even everyday physics the viewer must know in
order to follow and speculate about the plot, you
would discover it is (B)[ considerable / considerate ]
— at least as much as the knowledge required to
follow and speculate about a piece of modern
mathematics, and in most cases, much more. Yet
viewers follow soap operas with ease. How are they
able to cope with such abstraction? Because, of
course, the abstraction is built on an extremely (C)[
familiar / unfamiliar ] framework. The characters in
a soap opera and the relationships between them are
very much like the real people and relationships we
*defiance: 반항
experience every day. The abstraction of a soap
opera is only a step removed from the real world.
understand the The mental “training” required to follow a soap
opera is provided by our everyday lives.

effect of offering a variety of options to consumer (A) (B) (C)

on sales actual considerable familiar
marketing strategy using rebellion against the fictional considerate unfamiliar
mainstream
fictional considerable familiar
necessity of maintaining our own independence and
actual considerate unfamiliar
uniqueness
fictional considerable unfamiliar

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14.
zb1 4) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
As always happens with natural selection, bats and
their prey have been engaged in a life-or-death
sensory arms race for millions of years. It’s believed
that hearing in moths arose specifically in
response to the threat of being eaten by bats. (Not
all insects can hear.) Over millions of years, moths
have evolved the ability to detect sounds at ever
higher frequencies, and, as they have, the
frequencies of bats’ vocalizations have risen, too.
Some moth species have also evolved scales on their
wings and a fur-like coat on their bodies; both act
as “acoustic camouflage,” by absorbing sound waves
in the frequencies emitted by bats, thereby
preventing those sound waves from bouncing back.
The B-2 bomber and other “stealth” aircraft have
fuselages make of materials that do something
similar with radar beams.
*frequency: 주파수 *camouflage: 위장 *fuselage:
(비행기의) 기체
15.
z b1 5) 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈
칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Much of human thought is designed to screen out
information and to sort the rest into a manageable
condition. The inflow of data from our senses could
create an overwhelming chaos, especially given the
enormous amount of information available in culture
and society. Out of all the sensory impressions and
possible information, it is vital to find a small
amount that is most relevant to our individual needs
and to organize that into a usable stock of
knowledge. Expectancies accomplish some of this
work, helping to screen out information that is
irrelevant to what is expected, and focusing our
attention on clear contradictions. The processes of
learning and memory are marked by a steady
elimination of information. People notice only a part
of the world around them. Then, only a fraction of
what they notice gets processed and stored into
memory. And only part of what gets committed to
memory can be retrieved.

*retrieve: 생각해 내다

↓
The human brain screens out ___(A)___ information
from a huge amount of information reaching the brain
and makes people pay their attention on the ___(B)___
ones.

(A) (B)
relevant vital
irrelevant immaterial
necessary critical
unnecessary meaningless
redundant important

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16.
zb1 6) 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
The irony of early democracy in Europe is that it
thrived and prospered precisely because European
rulers for a very long time were remarkably weak.
For more than a millennium after the fall of Rome,
European rulers lacked the ability to assess what
their people were producing and to levy substantial
taxes based on this. The most striking way to
illustrate European weakness is to show how little
revenue they collected. Europeans would eventually
develop strong systems of revenue collection, but it
took them an awfully long time to do so. In medieval
times, and for part of the early modern era, Chinese
emperors and Muslim caliphs were able to extract
much more of economic production than
European ruler with the exception of small
city-states.
*levy: 부과하다 *caliph: 칼리프(과거 이슬람 국가의
통치자)
factors to strengthen royal authority of Europe
reason that European rulers were not powerful
how European rulers made themselves stronger
ways European rulers justified the way they ruled
lack of taxes due to the extravagant lifestyle of
European rulers
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17.
z b1 7) 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
If you drive down a busy street, you will find many
competing businesses, often right next to one
another. For example, in most places a consumer in
search of a quick meal has many choices, and more
fast-food restaurants appear all the time. These
competing firms advertise heavily. The temptation is
to see advertising as driving up the price of a
product without any benefit to the consumer.
However, this misconception doesn’t account for why
firms advertise. In markets where competitors sell
slightly differentiated products, advertising enables
firms to inform their customers about new products
and services. Yes, costs rise, but consumers also
any gain information to help make purchasing decisions.
Consumers also benefit from added variety, and we
all get a product that’s pretty close to our vision of
a perfect good — and no other market structure
delivers that outcome.
Media Filled with Countless Advertisements
Does Advertising Have Only Disadvantages?
Advertising Ethics: What They Are and How They
Apply
Advertising Tactics to Appeal to Consumer's
Emotions
Costs for Advertising: The Largest Part of the
Marketing Budget
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18.
zb1 8) 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 19.
z b1 9) 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
적절한 곳은?
The brain is a high-energy consumer of glucose,
Yet the auditorium was, in fact, designed which is its fuel. Although the brain accounts for
algorithmically, using a technique known as merely 3 percent of a person’s body weight, it
“parametric design.” consumes 20 percent of the available fuel. Your
brain can’t store fuel, however, so it has to “pay as
it goes.” Since your brain is incredibly adaptive, it
Architects might say a machine can never design
economizes its fuel resources. Thus, during a period
an innovative or impressive building because a
of high stress, it shifts away from the analysis of the
computer cannot be “creative.” ( ) Yet consider
nuances of a situation to a singular and fixed focus
the Elbphilharmonie, a new concert hall in Hamburg,
on the stressful situation at hand. You
which contains a remarkably beautiful auditorium
_____________________ when you are stressed.
composed of ten thousand interlocking acoustic
Instead, you devote all your energy to trying to
panels. ( ) It is the sort of space that makes one
figure out what action to take. Sometimes, however,
instinctively think that only a human being — and a
this shift from the higher-thinking parts of the brain
human with a remarkably refined creative sensibility,
to the automatic and reflexive parts of the brain can
at that — could design something so aesthetically
lead you to do something too quickly, without
impressive. ( ) The architects gave the system a
thinking.
set of criteria, and it generated a set of possible
designs for the architects to choose from. ( ) *glucose: 포도당
Similar software has been used to design lightweight
waste more time over trivial matters
bicycle frames and sturdier chairs, among much else.
enjoy speculating about the meaning of life
( ) Are these systems behaving “creatively”? No,
they are using lots of processing power to blindly do not leisurely spend your time thinking about life
generate varied possible designs, working in a very find ways to relieve stress first rather than solve it
different way from a human being. do not concentrate on a contributing factor to the
* aesthetically: 미적으로 ** sturdy: 튼튼한, 견고한 stressful situation

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20.
zb2 0) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이
적절하지 않은 것은?
Much research has been carried out on the causes
of engagement, an issue that is important from both
a theoretical and practical standpoint: identifying
the drivers of work engagement may enable us to
manipulate or influence it. The causes of engagement
fall into two major camps: situational and personal.
The most influential situational causes are job
resources, feedback and leadership, the latter, of
course, being responsible for job resources and
feedback. Indeed, leaders have an adverse effect
on engagement by giving their employees honest and
constructive feedback on their performance, and by
providing them with the necessary resources that
enable them to perform their job well. It is, however,
noteworthy that although engagement drives job
performance, job performance also drives
engagement. In other words, when employees are
able to do their jobs well — to the point that they
match or exceed their own expectations and
ambitions — they will engage more, be proud of their
achievements, and find work more meaningful. This
is especially evident when people are employed in
jobs that align with their values.
*align with: ~과 일치하다
고2
[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 40번]
21.
z b2 1) 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
In 2006, researchers conducted a study on the
motivations for helping after the September 11th
terrorist attacks against the United States. In the
study, they found that individuals who gave money,
blood, goods, or other forms of assistance because
of other-focused motives (giving to reduce another’s
discomfort) were almost four times more likely to still
be giving support one year later than those whose
original motivation was to reduce personal distress.
This effect likely stems from differences in emotional
arousal. The events of September 11th emotionally
affected people throughout the United States. Those
who gave to reduce their own distress reduced their
emotional arousal with their initial gift, discharging
that emotional distress. However, those who gave to
reduce others’ distress did not stop empathizing with
victims who continued to struggle long after the
attacks.
Emotional Arousal Negatively Affects Judgments
Giving for Others Lasts Much Longer than for
Oneself
Learn Effective Techniques to Reduce Distress for
Yourself
Doing a Good Deed Every Day Is Hard But
Rewarding
Other-focused Motives: More Important In
Collectivistic Cultures
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[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 41~42번]
22.
zb2 2) 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것
은?
(A)
In England in the 1680s, it was unusual to live to
the age of fifty. This was a period when knowledge
was not spread widely, there were few books and
most people could not read. As a consequence,
knowledge passed down through the oral traditions of
stories and shared experiences.
(B)
For Instance, in a video produced by the AARP
(formerly the American Association of Retired
Persons), young people were asked to do various
activities ‘just like an old person’. When older people
joined them in the video, the gap between the
stereotype and the older people’s actual behaviour
was striking. It is clear that in today’s world our
social norms need to be updated quickly.
(C)
With the fading of oral traditions, the wisdom of
the old became less important and as a consequence
being over fifty was no longer seen as signifying
wisdom. We are living in a period when the gap
between chronological and biological age is changing
fast and where social norms are struggling to adapt.
(D)
And since older people had accumulated more
knowledge, the social norm was that to be over fifty
was to be wise. This social perception of age began
to shift with the advent of new technologies such as
the printing press. Over time, as more books were
printed, literacy increased, and the oral traditions of
knowledge transfer began to fade.
(B)-(D)-(C) (C)-(B)-(D)
(C)-(D)-(B) (D)-(B)-(C)
(D)-(C)-(B)
11
[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 43~45번]
23.
z b2 3) Jack에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?
When Jack was a young man in his early twenties
during the 1960s, he had tried to work in his father’s
insurance business, as was expected of him. His two
older brothers fit in easily and seemed to enjoy their
work. But Jack was bored with the insurance
industry. “It was worse than being bored,” he said. “I
felt like I was dying inside.” Jack felt drawn to hair
styling and dreamed of owning a hair shop with a
lively environment. He was sure that he would enjoy
the creative and social aspects of it and that he’d be
successful.
When he was twenty-six, Jack approached his
father and expressed his intentions of leaving the
business to become a hairstylist. As Jack anticipated,
his father raged and accused Jack of being selfish,
ungrateful, and unmanly. In the face of his father’s
fury, Jack felt confusion and fear. His resolve
became weak. But then a force filled his chest and
he stood firm in his decision. In following his path,
Jack not only ran three flourishing hair shops, but
also helped his clients experience their inner beauty
by listening and encouraging them when they faced
dark times.
His love for his work led to donating time and
talent at nursing homes, which in turn led to
becoming a hospice volunteer, and eventually to
starting fundraising efforts for the hospice program
in his community. And all this laid a strong stepping
stone for another courageous move in his life. When,
after having two healthy children of their own, Jack
and his wife, Michele, decided to bring an orphaned
child into their family, his father threatened to
disown them.
Jack understood that his father feared adoption, in
this case especially because the child was of a
different racial background than their family. Jack
and Michele risked rejection and went ahead with the
adoption. It took years but eventually Jack’s father
loved the little girl and accepted his son’s
independent choices. Jack realized that, although he
often felt fear and still does, he has always had
courage. In fact, courage was the scaffolding around
which he had built richness into his life.
*scaffolding: 발판
아버지 보험 회사에서 일을 했었으나 쉽게 적응한 형들과
달리 보험 업계에 싫증을 느꼈다.
미용에 매력을 느끼고 활기찬 분위기의 미용실을 갖는 것
을 꿈꿨다.
아버지의 반대에 부딪혀 미용을 취미로 배우게 되었다.
요양원에서 시간과 재능을 기부하다가 호스피스 자원봉사
자가 되었다.
가족과 다른 인종적 배경을 지닌 아이를 입양하였다.
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[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 18번] [연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 20번]

24.
zb2 4) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 26.
z b2 6) 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장
적절한 곳은?
To whom it may concern,
However, when dealing with a problem area, in
I would like to draw your attention to a problem
particular, remember that it is not the person who is
that frequently occur with the No. 35 buses. There
bad, but the actions exhibited on the job.
is a bus stop about halfway along Fenny Road, at
which the No. 35 buses are supposed to stop. It
would appear, however, that some of your drivers Managers frequently try to play psychologist, to
are either unaware of this bus stop or for some “figure out” why an employee has acted in a certain
reason choose to ignore it, driving past even way. ( ) Empathizing with employees in order to
though the buses are not full. I would be grateful if understand their point of view can be very helpful. (
you could remind your drivers that this bus stop ) Avoid making suggestions to employees about
exists and that they should be prepared to stop at personal traits they should change. ( ) Instead
it. I look forward to seeing an improvement in this suggest more acceptable ways of performing. ( )
service soon. For example, instead of focusing on a person’s
“unreliability,” a manager might focus on the fact
Yours faithfully,
that the employee “has been late to work seven times
John Williams this month.” ( ) It is difficult for employees to
change who they are; it is usually much easier for
them to change how they act.

[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 19번] [연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 21번]

25.
zb2 5) 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? 27.
z b2 7) (A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한

My 10-year-old appeared, in desperate need of a 것은?

quarter. “A quarter? What on earth do you need a I suspect fungi are a little more forward
quarter for?” My tone bordered on irritation. I didn’t “thinking” than their larger partners. Among trees,
want to be bothered with such a trivial demand. each species fights other species. Let’s assume the
“There’s a garage sale up the street, and there’s beeches native to Central Europe could emerge
something I just gotta have! It only costs a quarter. victorious in most forests there. Would this really be
Please?” I placed a quarter in my son’s hand. an advantage? What would happen if a new pathogen
Moments later, a little voice said, “Here, Mommy, this came along that infected most of the beeches and
is for you.” I glanced down at the hands of my little killed them? In that case, wouldn’t it be more (A)[
son and saw a four-inch cream-colored statue of beneficial / unfavorable ] if there were a certain
two small children hugging one another. Inscribed at number of other species around — oaks, maples, or
their feet were words that read It starts with ‘L’ ends firs — that would continue to grow and provide the
with ‘E’ and in between are ‘O’ and ‘V.’ As I watched shade needed for a new generation of young beeches
him race back to the garage sale, I smiled with a to sprout and grow up? Diversity provides (B)[
heart full of happiness. That 25-cent garage sale security / confusion ] for ancient forests. Because
purchase brought me a lot of joy. fungi are also very dependent on stable conditions,
they support other species underground and (C)[
*quarter: 25센트 동전 *inscribe: 새기다
cause / prevent ] their complete collapse to ensure
아들은 25센트 동전을 절실히 필요로 했다. that one species of tree doesn’t manage to dominate.
I는 아들에게 25센트 동전을 주었다.
*fungus: 균류, 곰팡이류 (pl. fungi) *beech: 너도밤나무
아들은 두 어린아이가 서로 껴안고 있는 검정 조각상을 I에 *pathogen: 병원균
게 주었다.
(A) (B) (C)
아들이 준 조각상에는 LOVE라는 단어가 새겨져 있었다.
beneficial security cause
아이는 I에게 조각상을 주고 중고 물품 판매 행사로 돌아갔
unfavorable confusion cause
다.
beneficial confusion cause
unfavorable confusion prevent
beneficial security prevent

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[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 22번]
28.
zb2 8) 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
It’s remarkable that positive fantasies help us relax
to such an extent that it shows up in physiological
tests. If you want to unwind, you can take some
deep breaths, get a massage, or go for a walk — but
you can also try simply closing your eyes and
fantasizing about some future outcome that you
might enjoy. But what about when your objective is
to make your wish a reality? The last thing you want
to be is relaxed. You want to be energized enough to
get off the couch and lose those pounds or find that
job or study for that test, and you want to be
motivated enough to stay engaged even when the
inevitable obstacles or challenges arise. The principle
of “Dream it. Wish it. Do it.” does not hold true, and
now we know why: in dreaming it, you undercut the
energy you need to do it. You put yourself in a
temporary state of complete happiness, calmness ―
and inactivity.
Always Look on the Sunny Side of Things
The Level of Happiness Depends on Life Satisfaction
Goal-Oriented or Process-Oriented: Which is Better
Why Relaxation Is More Important Than You Think
Do Positive Fantasies Really Help You Realize Your
Wish?
[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 23번]
29. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
zb2 9)
If cooking is as central to human identity, biology,
and culture as the biological anthropologist Richard
Wrangham suggests, it stands to reason that the
decline of cooking in our time would have serious
consequences for modern life, and so it has. Are
they all bad? Not at all. The outsourcing of much of
the work of cooking to corporations has relieved
women of what has traditionally been their
exclusive responsibility for feeding the family, making
it easier for them to work outside the home and
have careers. It has headed off many of the domestic
conflicts that such a large shift in gender roles and
family dynamics were bound to spark. It has
relieved other pressures in the household, including
longer workdays and overscheduled children, and
saved us time that we can now invest in other
pursuits. It has also allowed us to diversify our diets
substantially, making it possible even for people with
no cooking skills and little money to enjoy a whole
different cuisine. All that’s required is a microwave.
13
[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 24번]
30.
z b3 0) 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈
칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
As you may already know, what and how you buy
can be political. To whom do you want to give your
money? Which companies and corporations do you
value and respect? Be mindful about every purchase
by carefully researching the corporations that are
taking our money to decide if they deserve our
support. Do they have a record of polluting the
environment, or do they have fair-trade practices
and an end-of-life plan for the products they make?
Are they committed to bringing about good in the
world? For instance, my family has found a company
producing recycled, plastic-packaging-free toilet
paper with a social conscience. They contribute 50
percent of their profits to the construction of toilets
around the world, and we’re genuinely happy to
spend our money on this special toilet paper each
month. Remember that the corporate world is built
on consumers, so as a consumer you have the
power to vote with your wallet and encourage
companies to embrace healthier and more
sustainable practices with every purchase you choose
to make.
↓
We should encourage enterprises to contribute to a
more inclusive and ____(A)____ society by making
mindful purchase decisions and ____(B)____ buying
ethical and environmentally friendly products.
(A) (B)
liberal randomly
sustainable deliberately
unjust consciously
diverse involuntarily
transparent unconsciously
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[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 25번] that life exists outside the planet Earth. His most
31.
zb3 1) 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하도록, 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 successful work, Popular Astronomy, was published
들어갈 알맞은 숫자를 작성하시오. in 1880, and eventually sold 130,000 copies. With his
own funds, he built an observatory at Juvisy and
spent May to November of each year there. In 1887,
he founded the French Astronomical Society and
served as editor of its monthly publication.

*observatory: 천문대

Q: What did Camille Flammarion mention in The

Plurality of Inhabited Worlds?

Answer: ________________________________________
________________________________________________
The graph above shows the findings of a survey on
the use of smart TVs to go online in the UK from
2013 to 2020, by gender. In each year from 2013 to
2020, the percentage of male respondents who used
smart TVs to access the Internet was higher than [연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 29번]
that of female respondents. The percentage gap
33. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
between the two genders was the largest in 2016 and
z b3 3)

in 2020, which both had a(n) ____(A)____ percentage There is little doubt that we are driven by the
point difference. In 2020, the percentage of sell-by date. Once an item is past that date it goes
respondents who reported using smart TVs to go into the waste stream, further increasing its carbon
online was higher than 30 percentage point for both footprint. Remember those items have already
males and females. For male respondents, 2017 was travelled hundreds of miles to reach the shelves and
the only year that saw a decrease in the percentage once they go into waste they start a new carbon mile
of those accessing the Internet via smart TVs journey. But we all make our own judgement about
compared to the previous year, during the given sell-by dates; those brought up during the Second
period. In 2014, the percentage of females using World War are often scornful of the terrible waste
smart TVs to access the Internet was the lowest they believe such caution encourages. The
during the given period at ____(B)____ percentage manufacturer of the food has a view when making or
point, and it was more than 10 percentage point in growing something that by the time the product
2015. reaches the shelves it has already been travelling for
so many days and possibly many miles. The
manufacturer then decides that a product can
(A): _______________ (B): _______________
reasonably be consumed within say 90 days and 90
days minus so many days for travelling gives the
sell-by date. But whether it becomes toxic is
something each individual can decide. It would seem
to make sense not to buy large packs of perishable
[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 26번] goods but non-perishable items may become
32.
zb3 2) 다음 글을 읽고 아래 질문에 대한 답을 영어 문장으 cost-effective.
로 작성하시오.
*sell-by date: 판매 유효 기한 *scornful: 경멸하는
Camille Flammarion was born at Montigny-le-Roi,
Why It Is Okay to Ignore Food Sell-by Dates
France. He became interested in astronomy at an
early age, and when he was only sixteen he wrote a Foods You Should Never Eat Past Sell-by Dates
book on the origin of the world. The manuscript was The Food Sell-by Dates You Should Actually Follow
not published at the time, but it came to the Judgment about Sell-by Dates: It is Up to Individuals
attention of Urbain Le Verrier, the director of the
How to Decode What a Sell-By Date Means on a
Paris Observatory. He became an assistant to Le
Food Label
Verrier in 1858 and worked as a calculator. At
nineteen, he wrote another book called The Plurality
of Inhabited Worlds, in which he passionately claimed

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[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 30번] [연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 32번]

34.
zb3 4) 밑줄 친 부분이 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 36.
z b3 6) 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
것은?
A typical soap opera creates an abstract world, in
The “jolt” of caffeine does wear off. Caffeine is which a highly complex web of relationships connects
removed from your system by an enzyme within your fictional characters that exist first only in the minds
liver, which gradually degrades it over time. Based of the program’s creators and are then recreated in
in large part on genetics, some people have a more the minds of the viewer. If you were to think about
efficient version of the enzyme that degrades how much human psychology, law, and even
caffeine, allowing the liver to rapidly clear it from everyday physics the viewer must know in order to
the bloodstream. These rare individuals can drink an follow and speculate about the plot, you would
espresso with dinner and fall fast asleep at midnight discover it is considerable — at least as much as the
without a problem. Others, however, have a knowledge required to follow and speculate about a
slower-acting version of the enzyme. It takes far piece of modern mathematics, and in most cases,
longer for their system to eliminate the same amount much more. Yet viewers follow soap operas with
of caffeine. As a result, they are very sensitive to ease. How are they able to cope with such
its effects. One cup of tea or coffee in the morning abstraction? Because, of course, the abstraction is
will last much of the day, and should they have a built on an extremely familiar framework. The
second cup, even early in the afternoon, they will characters in a soap opera and the relationships
find it difficult to fall asleep in the evening. Aging between them are very much like the real people and
also alters the speed of caffeine clearance: the older relationships we experience every day. The
we are, the longer it takes our brain and body to abstraction of a soap opera
remove it, and thus the more sensitive we become __________________________. The mental “training”
in later life to caffeine’s sleep-disrupting influence. required to follow a soap opera is provided by our
everyday lives.
*jolt: 충격 *enzyme: 효소
too vague for us to understand
far removed from the real world
anchored in reality in which we are
entirely different from that of a play
[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 31번]
made with a variety of cinematic effects
35.
zb3 5) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이
적절하지 않은 것은?

Rebels may think they’re rebels, but clever

marketers influence them just like the rest of us.
Saying, “Everyone is doing it” may turn some people
off from an idea. These people will look for
alternatives, which (if cleverly planned) can be
exactly what a marketer or persuader wants you to
believe. If I want you to consider an idea, and know
you strongly reject popular opinion in favor of
maintaining your independence and uniqueness, I
would present the majority option first, which you
would accept in favor of my actual preference. We
are often tricked when we try to maintain a
position of defiance. People use this reversal to make
us independently” choose an option which suits
their purposes. Some brands have taken full effect of
our defiance towards the mainstream and positioned
themselves as rebels; which has created even
stronger brand loyalty.

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[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 33번] what they notice gets processed and stored into
37. zb3 7) 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 memory. And only part of what gets committed to
것은? memory can be retrieved.

As always happens with natural selection, bats and *retrieve: 생각해 내다

their prey have been engaged in a life-or-death
sensory arms race for millions of years.
Answer: ____________________________________
___________________________________________.
(A) Some moth species have also evolved scales on
their wings and a fur-like coat on their bodies;
both act as “acoustic camouflage,” by absorbing
sound waves in the frequencies emitted by bats,
thereby preventing those sound waves from [연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 35번]
bouncing back.
39.
z b3 9) 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈
(B) It’s believed that hearing in moths arose
칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
specifically in response to the threat of being
eaten by bats. (Not all insects can hear.) Over The irony of early democracy in Europe is that it
millions of years, moths have evolved the ability thrived and prospered precisely because European
to detect sounds at ever higher frequencies, and, rulers for a very long time were remarkably weak.
as they have, the frequencies of bats’ For more than a millennium after the fall of Rome,
vocalizations have risen, too. European rulers lacked the ability to assess what
their people were producing and to levy substantial
(C) Imitating this acoustic camouflage capability of
taxes based on this. The most striking way to
the moths, the B-2 bomber and other “stealth”
illustrate European weakness is to show how little
aircraft have fuselages made of materials that do
revenue they collected. Europeans would eventually
something similar with radar beams.
develop strong systems of revenue collection, but it
*camouflage: 위장 **frequency: 주파수 ***fuselage: took them an awfully long time to do so. In medieval
(비행기의) 기체 times, and for part of the early modern era, Chinese
(A)-(C)-(B) (B)-(A)-(C) emperors and Muslim caliphs were able to extract
(B)-(C)-(A) (C)-(A)-(B) much more of economic production than any
European ruler with the exception of small
(C)-(B)-(A)
city-states.

*levy: 부과하다 *caliph: 칼리프(과거 이슬람 국가의

통치자)
↓
[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 34번]
European rulers in the past ___(A)___ political
38. zb3 8) 밑줄 친 this work가 가리키는 바를 본문에서 찾아 power because they could not collect taxes properly.
우리말로 작성하시오. Ironically, this led democracy to ___(B)___ in Europe.
Much of human thought is designed to screen out (A) (B)
information and to sort the rest into a manageable
lost weaken
condition. The inflow of data from our senses could
lacked flourish
create an overwhelming chaos, especially given the
enormous amount of information available in culture retained thrive
and society. Out of all the sensory impressions and enhanced prosper
possible information, it is vital to find a small developed decline
amount that is most relevant to our individual needs
and to organize that into a usable stock of
knowledge. Expectancies accomplish some of this
work, helping to screen out information that is
irrelevant to what is expected, and focusing our
attention on clear contradictions. The processes of
learning and memory are marked by a steady
elimination of information. People notice only a part
of the world around them. Then, only a fraction of

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[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 36번] [연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 38번]

40. zb4 0) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 42.

z b4 2) 밑줄 친 부분이 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른
것은?
If you drive down a busy street, you will find many
competing businesses, often right next to one another. The brain is a high-energy consumer of glucose,
For example, in most places a consumer in search of which is its fuel. Although the brain accounts for
a quick meal has many choices, and more fast-food merely 3 percent of a person’s body weight, it
restaurants appear all the time. These competing firms consumes 20 percent of the available fuel. The brain
advertise heavily. The temptation is to see can’t store fuel, however, so it has to “pay as it
advertising as driving up the price of a product goes.” Since the brain is incredibly adaptive, it
without any benefit to the consumer. However, this economizes its fuel resources. Thus, during a period
misconception doesn’t account for why firms advertise. of high stress, it shifts away from the analysis of the
In markets which competitors sell slightly nuances of a situation to a singular and fixed focus
differentiated products, advertising enables firms to on the stressful situation at hand to deal with it.
inform their customers about new products and You don’t sit back and speculate about the meaning
services. Yes, costs rise, but consumers also gain of life when you are stressed. Instead, you devote all
information to help make purchasing decisions. your energy to trying to figure out what action to
Consumers also benefit from added variety, and we all take. Sometimes, however, this shift from the
get a product that’s pretty close to our vision of a higher-thinking parts of the brain to its automatic
perfect good — and no other market structure delivers and reflexive parts can lead you to do something too
that outcome. quickly, without thinking.

*glucose: 포도당
[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 37번]

41. zb4 1) 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Architects might say a machine can never design

an innovative or impressive building because a
computer cannot be “creative.” Yet consider the
Elbphilharmonie, a new concert hall in Hamburg,
which contains a remarkably beautiful auditorium
composed of ten thousand interlocking acoustic
panels. It is the sort of space that makes one
instinctively think that only a human being — and a
human with a remarkably refined creative sensibility,
at that — could design something so aesthetically
impressive. Yet the auditorium was, in fact, designed
algorithmically, using a technique known as
“parametric design.” The architects gave the system
a set of criteria, and it generated a set of possible
designs for the architects to choose from. Similar
software has been used to design lightweight bicycle
frames and sturdier chairs, among much else. Are
these systems behaving “creatively”? No, they are
using lots of processing power to blindly generate
varied possible designs, working in a very different
way from a human being.

* aesthetically: 미적으로 ** sturdy: 튼튼한, 견고한

Computers Can Not Beat Human Creativity
Machines Will Surpass Human Intelligence Someday
Computers Have Negative Impacts on Creative
Thinking
Better Technology: The Art of Interacting Better
with People
Algorithm Brings a New Era of Creativity in the
Design World

I410-ECN-0199-2023-001-000255116
 18 고2

[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 39번] [연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 40번]

43.
zb4 3) 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈 44.
z b4 4) 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장
칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 적절한 곳은?

Much research has been carried out on the causes However, those who gave to reduce others’ distress
of engagement, an issue that is important from both did not stop empathizing with victims who continued
a theoretical and practical standpoint: identifying the to struggle long after the attacks.
drivers of work engagement may enable us to
manipulate or influence it. The causes of engagement
In 2006, researchers conducted a study on the
fall into two major camps: situational and personal.
motivations for helping after the September 11th
The most influential situational causes are job
terrorist attacks against the United States. ( ) In
resources, feedback and leadership, the latter, of
the study, they found that individuals who gave
course, being responsible for job resources and
money, blood, goods, or other forms of assistance
feedback. Indeed, leaders influence engagement by
because of other-focused motives (giving to reduce
giving their employees honest and constructive
another’s discomfort) were almost four times more
feedback on their performance, and by providing
likely to still be giving support one year later than
them with the necessary resources that enable them
those whose original motivation was to reduce
to perform their job well. It is, however, noteworthy
personal distress. ( ) This effect likely stems from
that although engagement drives job performance,
differences in emotional arousal. ( ) The events of
job performance also drives engagement. In other
September 11th emotionally affected people
words, when employees are able to do their jobs well
throughout the United States. ( ) Those who gave
— to the point that they match or exceed their own
to reduce their own distress reduced their emotional
expectations and ambitions — they will engage more,
arousal with their initial gift, discharging that
be proud of their achievements, and find work more
emotional distress. ( ) In summary, emotional
meaningful. This is especially evident when people
arousal and the duration of giving vary depending on
are employed in jobs that align with their values.
who the act of giving is for.
*align with: ~과 일치하다

↓
Work engagement and job performance are
____(A)____ in that the more employees are
immersed in their work, the better they perform their
work and also the better employee perform their
work, the more they are immersed in their work.
This is obvious especially when jobs are ____(B)____
with their values.

(A) (B)
separate discordant
unrelated accordant
irrelevant consonant
connected inconsistent
interrelated consistent

I410-ECN-0199-2023-001-000255116
 고2
[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 41~42번]
45.
zb4 5) 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
In England in the 1680s, it was unusual to live to
the age of fifty. This was a period when knowledge
was not spread widely, there were few books and
most people could not read. As a consequence,
knowledge passed down through the oral traditions of
stories and shared experiences. And since older
people had accumulated more knowledge, the social
norm was that to be over fifty was to be wise. This
social perception of age began to shift with the
advent of new technologies such as the printing
press. Over time, as more books were printed,
literacy increased, and the oral traditions of
knowledge transfer began to fade. With the fading of
oral traditions, the wisdom of the old became less
important and as a consequence being over fifty
______________________. We are living in a period
when the gap between chronological and biological
age is changing fast and where social norms are
struggling to adapt. In a video produced by the AARP
(formerly the American Association of Retired
Persons), young people were asked to do various
activities ‘just like an old person’. When older people
joined them in the video, the gap between the
stereotype and the older people’s actual behaviour
was striking. It is clear that in today’s world our
social norms need to be updated quickly.
was considered to be smarter than the young
did not stand for being knowledgeable anymore
meant trying to adapt to a rapidly changing society
implied that the old started to take care of their
health
did not signify that the elderly easily became
socially isolated
19
[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고2) 43~45번]
46.
z b4 6) 다음 글에서 얻을 수 있는 교훈으로 가장 적절한 것
은?
When Jack was a young man in his early twenties
during the 1960s, he had tried to work in his father’s
insurance business, as was expected of him. His two
older brothers fit in easily and seemed to enjoy their
work. But Jack was bored with the insurance
industry. “It was worse than being bored,” he said. “I
felt like I was dying inside.” Jack felt drawn to hair
styling and dreamed of owning a hair shop with a
lively environment. He was sure that he would enjoy
the creative and social aspects of it and that he’d be
successful.
When he was twenty-six, Jack approached his
father and expressed his intentions of leaving the
business to become a hairstylist. As Jack anticipated,
his father raged and accused Jack of being selfish,
ungrateful, and unmanly. In the face of his father’s
fury, Jack felt confusion and fear. His resolve
became weak. But then a force filled his chest and
he stood firm in his decision. In following his path,
Jack not only ran three flourishing hair shops, but
also helped his clients experience their inner beauty
by listening and encouraging them when they faced
dark times.
His love for his work led to donating time and
talent at nursing homes, which in turn led to
becoming a hospice volunteer, and eventually to
starting fundraising efforts for the hospice program
in his community. And all this laid a strong stepping
stone for another courageous move in his life. When,
after having two healthy children of their own, Jack
and his wife, Michele, decided to bring an orphaned
child into their family, his father threatened to
disown them.
Jack understood that his father feared adoption, in
this case especially because the child was of a
different racial background than their family. Jack
and Michele risked rejection and went ahead with the
adoption. It took years but eventually Jack’s father
loved the little girl and accepted his son’s
independent choices. Jack realized that, although he
often felt fear and still does, he has always had
courage. In fact, courage was the scaffolding around
which he had built richness into his life.
*scaffolding: 발판
It is better to do well than to say well.
Think of the end first before you begin.
We have to do a filial duty to our parents.
Lead your own life with passion and courage.
There is no revenge so complete as forgiveness.
I410-ECN-0199-2023-001-000255116
20 고2

4)
[정답]
[해설] 숲 대부분을 차지하는 너도밤나무를 감염시켜 죽
1 서술형 2 서술형 3 4 5 게 만드는 새로운 병원균이 나타난다면 숲은 붕괴할
테지만, 주변에 참나무, 단풍나무, 전나무와 같은 일
6 7 8 9 10
정한 수의 다른 종이 함께 있다면 새로운 어린 너도
11 서술형 12 13 14 15 밤나무가 자라는 데 도움을 줄 수 있고 숲은 붕괴하
지 않을 것이므로, 빈칸에 들어갈 표현으로 ‘숲
16 17 18 19 20
을 안전하고 안정되게 유지한다’가 가장 적절하다.
21 22 23 24 25 [출제의도] 빈칸에 적절한 표현을 추론한다.

26 27 28
31 서술형 32 서술형 33
36 37 38 서술형
41 42 43
46
1)
[정답] 35번 버스 기사들이 Fenny Road 중간쯤에 있는
버스 정류장을 지나치지 않고 정차하는 것
[해설] I는 35번 버스 기사들이 Fenny Road를 따라 중
간쯤 버스 정류장을 정차하지 않고 가버리는 것에
대한 시정을 요구하기 위해 이 편지를 썼으므로, I
가 기대하는 이 서비스의 개선은 35번 버스 기사들
이 Fenny Road를 따라 중간쯤 버스 정류장을 지나
치지 않고 정차하는 것을 의미한다.
[출제의도] 지칭을 추론한다.
2)
[정답] (A) quarter, (B) hugging, (C) LOVE, (D)
happy (or joy)
[해설] 글을 요약하자면 아들이 나에게 25센트(quarter)
를 달라고 해서 가져갔는데, 얼마 후 아이가 중고
물품 판매 행사를 다녀오더니 두 아이가 서로 껴안
고(hugging) 있는 동상을 나에게 선물했다. 그 동상
에 'L'로 시작하여 'E'로 끝나고 그사이에 'O'와 'V'
가 있다는 말이 새겨져 있었다. 즉 사랑(LOVE)이라
는 글자가 새겨져 있었고, 나는 이러한 마음 따뜻해
지는 선물에 행복했다(happy, joy).
[출제의도] 글의 요약문을 완성한다.
3)
[정답]
[해설] 관리자가 직원들의 문제 영역을 다룰 때 관리자는
직원들에게 그들이 바꿔야 할 인격적 특성에 대해
제안하는 것을 피하고, 대신에 그들이 근무 중에 보
여주는 행동에 초점을 맞춰 그들이 더 받아들일 수
있는 수행 방법을 제안하라는 내용의 글이므로, 글
의 주제로 ‘관리자가 직원의 문제를 다룰 때 고
려해야 할 사항’이 가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 글의 주제를 추론한다.
29 30 5)
[정답]
34 35
[해설] 주어진 글은 낙관적인 상상이 긴장을 푸는 데 도
39 40 움이 된다는 내용이므로, 이 뒤에는 긴장을 풀고 싶
다면 구체적으로 심호흡하거나, 마사지를 받거나, 산
44 45
책하거나, 눈을 감고 미래의 결과에 대해 상상해 볼
수 있다는 내용의 (C)가 나오는 것이 적절하다. (C)
의 마지막 문장에서 하지만 목표가 소망을 실현하는
경우라면 어떨지 묻고 있으므로, 이에 대한 답으로
긴장이 풀려 있는 게 가장 피해야 할 상태라는 (B)
가 (C)뒤에 이어져야 한다. (B)에서 소망을 실현하기
위해서는 충분히 활력을 얻어야 하고 충분히 동기
부여가 되어야 한다고 했으므로, 이와 달리 소망을
꿈꾸는 것은 소망을 실현하는데 필요한 에너지를 약
화시킨다는 내용의 (A)는 (B)뒤에 오는 것이 적절하
다.
[출제의도] 글의 순서를 파악한다.
6)
[정답]
[해설] 요리하는 일의 많은 부문을 기업에 아웃소싱하는
것은 가족들을 먹여야 하는 책임에서 여성들을 벗어
나게 했고, 많은 가정 내 갈등을 막아냈으며, 다른
일에 투자할 수 있도록 시간을 절약해 주고, 우리의
식단을 상당히 다양하게 해주는 등 여러 장점을 갖
고 있다는 내용의 글이다. 요약하자면 집에서 요리
하는 업무를 아웃소싱함으로써 여성들이 가족을 위
해 일상적인 요리를 책임져야 한다는 부담감을 덜어
줬고, 더욱이 집에서의 갈등을 예방하고 시간을 절
약하게 해주고, 집 안에서 다양한 요리를 즐길 수
있도록 해줬다. 따라서 빈칸 (A)에는 ‘덜다, 줄이다’
란 의미의 lessens, reduces가, (B)에는 ‘예방하다,
막다’란 의미의 prevents가 들어가는 것이 적절하
다.
[출제의도] 글의 요약문을 완성한다.
7)
[정답]
[해설] Be mindful about every purchase란 주절에
전치사구 ‘by carefully researching ~ decide if
they deserve our support’가 붙은 문장이다. 전
치사구를 살펴보면 주격 관계대명사절인 that are
taking our money가 the corporations를 수식하
며, 전치사구의 의미가 ‘우리의 지원을 받을 자격이

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◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는 콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부
또는 일부를 무단으로 복제하거나 전송하는 것은 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에도 저작권법에 의한
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있는지를 결정하기 위해서 기업들을 자세히 조사함
으로써’이므로, 목적을 나타내는 부사적 용법 to 부
정사구가 필요하다. 즉 decide를 to decide로 고쳐
야 한다.
[출제의도] 어법상 틀린 표현을 찾는다.
8)
[정답]
[해설] 2020년에 온라인 접속을 위해 스마트 TV를 사용
했다고 말한 남자 응답자의 비율은 45%, 여자 응답
자 비율은 37%이므로, ‘2020년에 온라인 접속을 위
해 스마트 TV를 사용했다고 말한 응답자의 비율은
남성과 여성 둘 다에게서 40%보다 더 높았다.’라는
은 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는다.
[출제의도] 도표와 일치하지 않는 내용을 파악한다.
9)
[정답]
[해설] 그의 가장 성공적인 저서인 Popular Astronomy
는 1880년에 출판되었고, 결국 130,000부가 판매되
었다고 했으므로, The plurality of
Worlds가 그의 가장 성공적인 저서라는
내용과 일치하지 않는다.
[출제의도] 글의 세부 내용을 파악한다.
10)
[정답]
[해설] (A) 상품들이 선반에 도달하기 위해 이미 수백 마
일을 이동했고 일단 그것들이 버려지게 되면 그것들
은 새로운 탄소 마일 여정을 시작한다고 했으므로,
어떤 상품이 판매 유효 기간을 지나며 폐기물 흐름
으로 들어가고 이는 탄소 발자국을 더욱 증가시키는
것이므로 increasing이 적절하다. (B) 우리는 모두
판매 유효 기한에 대해 자신만의 판단을 내리는데,
예를 들어 제2차 세계 대전 중에 자란 사람들은 힘
든 시기를 보낸 만큼, 그들이 생각하기에 판매 유효
기간의 경고가 조장하는 끔찍한 낭비를 자주 경멸할
것이므로 despise(경멸하다)가 적절하다. (C) 식품
제조업자는 무엇인가를 만들거나 재배할 때 제품이
선반에 도달할 때에는 그것은 이미 매우 오랫동안
그리고 아마도 상당한 거리를 이동해 왔다는 관점을
가지고 있다고 했으므로, 제조업자는 제품이 이를테
면 90일 이내에는 무리 없이 소비될 수 있고 90일
에서 이동에 필요한 많은 날들을 뺀 것으로 판매 유
효 기한을 결정한다. 따라서 minus(~을 뺀)가 적절
하다.
[출제의도] 문맥상 적절한 어휘를 찾는다.
11)
[정답] (A) remove (or eliminate), (B) sensitive
[해설] (A) 카페인을 분해하는 더 효율적인 형태의 효소
를 갖고 있는 사람은 간이 카페인을 혈류로부터 더
빠르게 제거할 수 있도록 한다고 했으므로, 더 느리
게 작용하는 형태의 효소를 가지고 있는 사람은 같
은 양의 카페인을 제거하는 데 훨씬 더 오랜 시간이
걸리는 것이다. 따라서 ‘제거하다’란
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21
remove 또는 eliminate를 본문에서 찾아 빈칸을
완성한다. (B) 더 느리게 작용하는 형태의 효소를 가
지고 있는 사람은 카페인을 제거하는 데 오랜 시간
이 걸리고 그렇기에 그들은 카페인의 효과에 민감하
다고 했다. 또한 노화는 카페인 제거 속도를 변화시
켜 나이가 들수록 뇌와 신체가 카페인을 제거하는
것이 더 오래 걸린다고 했으므로, 노후에 우리는 카
페인의 수면을 방해하는 효과에 더 민감해지는 것이
므로, ‘민감한’의 의미인 sensitive를 본문에서 찾아
빈칸을 완성한다.
[출제의도] 빈칸에 적절한 표현을 추론한다.
12)
[정답]
[해설] 영리한 마케터들은 사람들이 반항자들이 독립성과
유일성을 유지하기 위해 대중적인 의견을 강하게 거
부한다는 것을 알고, 대다수가 선택하는 것을 먼저
제시하여 그것을 거부하게 하고 반항자들에게 마케
터들이 원하는 바를 대안으로써 제시하여 그들이 원
하는 바를 달성한다는 내용의 글이므로, 글의 주제
inhabited 로 ‘주류에 대한 반항을 활용한 마케팅 전략’이
은 글의 가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 글의 주제를 추론한다.
13)
[정답]
[해설] (A) 드라마의 추상적인 세계에서 프로그램 제작자
들의 마음속에만 먼저 존재하고 그러고 나서 시청자
의 마음속에 재현되는 캐릭터는 허구이므로,
fictional(허구의)이 적절하다. (B) 드라마의 줄거리
를 따라가고 추측하는 데 필요한 지식은 인간 심리
학, 법, 그리고 심지어 일상에서의 물리학 등등으로
상당히 많다는 것이므로, considerable(상당한, 많
은)이 적절하다. (C) 드라마 속 인물들과 그들 사이
의 관계는 우리가 매일 경험하는 실제 사람들 및 관
계와 매우 흡사하다고 했으므로, 드라마 추상은 매
우 친숙한 틀 위에서 만들어진 것이므로 familiar
(친숙한)가 적절하다.
[출제의도] 문맥상 적절한 어휘를 찾는다.
14)
[정답]
[해설] 기체가 레이더 전파에 대해 유사한 그것을 하는
재료로 만들어진 것(be made of)이므로, 과거분사
구 made of materials가 fuselages가 수식하도록
해야 한다. 따라서 과거분사 made로 고쳐야 한다.
[출제의도] 어법상 틀린 표현을 찾는다.
15)
[정답]
[해설] 인간의 사고는 엄청난 정보의 유입으로 인한 혼란
을 막기 위해 불필요한 정보는 걸러내고 우리의 필
요와 관련 있는 정보를 찾아 이를 사용 가능한 지식
으로 구성하기에 우리 기억 속에는 뭐든 일부만 남
는다는 내용의 글이다. 따라서 요약하자면 인간의
의미의 뇌는 뇌에 도달하는 방대한 양의 정보로부터 불필요
◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는 콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부
또는 일부를 무단으로 복제하거나 전송하는 것은 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에도 저작권법에 의한
법적 책임을 질 수 있습니다.
I410-ECN-0199-2023-001-000255116
22
한 정보를 걸러내고 사람들이 중요한 정보에 주의를
기울이도록 하는 것이므로, 빈칸
redundant(불필요한). (B)에는 important(중요한)가
들어가는 것이 적절하다.
[출제의도] 글의 요약문을 완성한다.
16)
[정답]
[해설] 유럽의 통치자들은 백성들이 생산하고 있었던 것
을 평가하고 이를 바탕으로 상당한 세금을 부과할
능력이 부족했으며, 그들이 거둔 적은 세입은 유럽
의 약함을 매우 잘 보여준다는 내용의 글이다. 따라
서 글의 주제로 ‘유럽의 통치자들이 강력하지 못
했던 이유’가 가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 글의 주제를 추론한다.
17)
[정답]
[해설] 광고를 소비자에게 어떤 혜택도 없이 제품의 가격
을 올리는 것만으로 보기 쉬우나, 광고는 회사들이
그들의 소비자들에게 새로운 제품과 서비스를 알릴
수 있게 해주고, 소비자들이 구매 결정을 내리는 데
도움이 되는 정보와 추가된 다양성으로부터 혜택을
얻을 수 있게 해주는 등 여러 순기능 및 장점을 갖
고 있다는 내용의 글이므로, 글의 제목으로
고는 단점만 있는가?’가 가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 글의 제목을 추론한다.
18)
[정답]
[해설] 주어진 문장은 ‘그러나 실제로 그 강당은 ‘파라메
트릭 디자인’이라고 알려진 기술을 사용하여 알고리
즘에 의한 방식으로 디자인되었다.’라는 내용이다.
Hamburg에 있는 아름다운 강당은 인간만이 그토록
미적으로 인상적인 것을 디자인할 수 있다고 본능적
으로 생각하게 만드는 종류의 공간이지만 실제로는
알고리즘에 의해 만들어진 곳이고, 건축가들이 ‘파라
메트릭 디자인’이라고 알려진 시스템에 일련의 기준
을 부여하여 그 시스템이 건축가들이 선택할 수 있
는 일련의 가능한 디자인을 만들어낸 것이므로, 주
어진 문장은 에 들어가는 것이 적절하다.
[출제의도] 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치를 파악한다.
19)
[정답]
[해설] 뇌는 연료 자원을 경제적으로 사용하기에 극심한
스트레스를 받는 기간 동안 뇌는 당면한 스트레스
상황에 대한 단일하고 고정된 초점을 맞춰 그 상황
에서 어떤 행동을 취해야 할지 알아내려고 노력하는
데 모든 에너지를 쏟는다고 했으므로, 빈칸에 들어
갈 표현으로 ‘여유롭게 인생을 생각하며 시간을
보내지 않는’이 가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 빈칸에 적절한 표현을 추론한다.
20)
[정답]
◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법 시행령」제33조에 의한 표시
1) 제작연월일 : 2023-09-14 2) 제작자 : 교육지대㈜
3) 이 콘텐츠는 「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」에 따라 최초 제작
일부터 5년간 보호됩니다.
고2
[해설] 리더들이 직원들에게 그들의 수행에 대해 솔직하
(A)에는 고 건설적인 피드백을 제공하고 직원들이 자신의 직
무를 잘 수행할 수 있도록 필요한 자원을 제공하는
것은 직원들의 몰입에 좋은 영향을 미치는 것이므
로, adverse(부정적인)를 beneficial(좋은)과 같은
단어로 고쳐야 한다.
[출제의도] 문맥상 부적절한 어휘를 찾는다.
21)
[정답]
[해설] 다른 사람들의 고통을 줄이기 위해 베푼 사람들은
감정적 자극이 더 오래 지속됐고, 자신의 고통을 줄
이기 위해 베풀었던 사람들 감정적 자극이 점차 해
소됐기에, 자기 자신에 초첨을 맞춰 베푼 사람보다
타인에 초점을 맞춰 베풀었던 사람이 더 오래 베풀
었다는 내용의 글이다. 따라서 글의 제목으로
‘자신을 위해 하는 것보다 남을 위해 베푸는 것이
훨씬 더 오래 지속된다’가 가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 글의 제목을 추론한다.
22)
[정답]
[해설] (A)는 책이 거의 없고 대부분 사람이 읽을 수 없
던 시절에는 지식은 구전 전통을 통해 전수되었다는
‘광 내용의 글이다. 따라서 더 나이 든 사람이 더 많은
지식을 축적했기에 50세가 넘으면 지혜롭다는 사회
적 규범이 있었다는 (D)가 (A)뒤에 오는 것이 적절
하다. (D)에서 인쇄 기술이 발달하면서 많은 책이
인쇄되고 문해력을 향상하면서 지식 전달의 구전 전
통이 사라지기 시작했다고 했으므로 구전 전통이 사
라지면서 50세가 넘은 것은 더 이상 지혜로움을 의
미하지 않게 되었다는 (C)가 (D)뒤에 이어져야 한다.
(C)에서 우리는 생활 연령과 생물학적 연령 사이의
격차가 빠르게 변하고 사회적 규범이 적응하기 위해
분투하는 시기에 살고 있다고 했으므로, 그에 대한
예시로 젊은 사람들에게 노인처럼 행동하라고 했을
때 실제 노인의 행동과 큰 차이가 있었다는 내용을
다루는 (B)가 (C)뒤에 와야 한다.
[출제의도] 글의 순서를 파악한다.
23)
[정답]
[해설] Jack은 아버지의 반대에 혼란과 두려움을 느꼈으
나 결심을 꺾지 않았고 자신의 길을 가면서 Jack은
세 개의 번창하는 미용실을 운영했다고 했으므로,
‘아버지의 반대에 부딪혀 미용을 취미로 배우게 되
었다.’라는 은 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는다.
[출제의도] 글의 세부 내용을 파악한다.
24)
[정답]
[해설] that frequently ~ No. 35 buses는 주격 관계대
명사절로 선행사 a problem을 수식하며, 주격 관계
대명사절 내에 있는 동사의 실질적 주어는 선행사 a
problem이므로, 3인칭 단수 명사인 주어에 맞춰
occurs로 고쳐야 한다.
◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는 콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부
또는 일부를 무단으로 복제하거나 전송하는 것은 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에도 저작권법에 의한
법적 책임을 질 수 있습니다.
I410-ECN-0199-2023-001-000255116
 고2
[출제의도] 어법상 틀린 표현을 찾는다.
25)
[정답]
[해설] 아들은 두 어린아이가 서로 껴안고 있는 4인치짜
리 크림색의 조각상을 사 왔으므로, 검정색 조각상
을 주었다는 은 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는다.
[출제의도] 글의 세부 내용을 파악한다.
26)
[정답]
[해설] 주어진 문장은 ‘하지만, 특히 문제 영역을 다룰
때, 그것은 잘하지 못하는 사람이 아니라 근무 중에
보여지는 행동이라는 것을 기억하라.’라는 내용이다.
주어진 문장에 However(그러나)가 있으므로, 주어
진 문장 앞에는 관리자들이 직원들의 행동이 아니라
그들의 심리를 파악하고 공감하려는 것에 관한 내용
이 나와야 하고, 주어진 문장 뒤에는 직원들의 문제
영역을 다룰 시에는 인격적 특성이 아니라 행동에
기반한 방법을 제안하라는 내용이 나와야 하므로,
주어진 문장은 에 들어가는 것이 적절하다.
[출제의도] 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치를 파악한다.
27)
[정답]
[해설] (A) 숲 대부분을 우세하게 차지하고 있는 너도밤
나무가 새로운 병원균에 의해 죽는 경우, 주변에 참
나무, 단풍나무 또는 전나무와 같은 일정한 수의 다
른 종이 계속 자라서 새로운 세대의 어린 너도밤나
무가 싹을 틔우고 자라는 데 필요한 그늘을 제공한
다면 더 유리하지 않겠냐고 묻는
beneficial(유리한)이 적절하다. (B) 위의 너도밤나무
의 예시에서 보듯이 다양성은 오래된 숲에 안전을
제공하는 것이므로 security(안전)가 적절하다. (C)
균류는 한 종의 나무가 우세해지지 않는 것을 확실
히 하기 위해 땅속에서 다른 종을 지원하고 그 종들
의 완전한 붕괴를 막는 것이므로 prevent(막다)가
적절하다.
[출제의도] 문맥상 적절한 어휘를 찾는다.
28)
[정답]
[해설] 낙관적인 상상은 긴장을 푸는 데에는 도움이 되지
만, 소망을 실현하는 데에는 필요한 에너지를 약화
시키고, 당신을 비활동의 일시적인 상태로 빠지게
한다는 내용의 글이므로, 글의 제목으로
인 상상이 당신이 소원을 실현하는 데 정말로 도움
이 되는가?’
[출제의도] 글의 제목을 추론한다.
29)
[정답]
[해설] domestic conflicts를 수식하는 목적격 관계대명
사절인 that절 내의 문장 구조를 살펴보면 such a
large shift가 주어, in gender roles and family
dynamics는 such a large shift를 수식하는 전치
◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법 시행령」제33조에 의한 표시
1) 제작연월일 : 2023-09-14 2) 제작자 : 교육지대㈜
3) 이 콘텐츠는 「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」에 따라 최초 제작
일부터 5년간 보호됩니다.
23
사구이다. 주어를 받는 동사가 필요한데, 주어 such
a large shift는 단수 명사이므로 were를 was로 고
쳐야 한다.
[출제의도] 어법상 틀린 표현을 찾는다.
30)
[정답]
[해설] 우리는 소비자로서 기업들이 사회적 양심을 가졌
는지를 자세히 조사하고 모든 구매에 주의를 기울
여, 회사들이 더 건강하고 더 지속 가능한 관행을
받아들이도록 장려해야 한다는 내용의 글이므로, 요
약하자면 우리는 신중한 구매 결정을 내리고 윤리적
이고 환경친화적인 제품을 의도적으로 구매함으로써
기업들이 더 통합적이고, 지속 가능한 사회에 기여
할 수 있도록 장려해야 한다. 따라서 빈칸 (A)에는
sustainable(지속 가능한)이, (B)에는 deliberately
(의도적으로) 또는 consciously(의식적으로)가 들어
가는 것이 적절하다.
[출제의도] 글의 요약문을 완성한다.
31)
[정답] (A) 8, (B) 6
[해설] (A) 2016년에는 남자 응답자는 21%, 여자 응답자
는 13%이고, 2020년에 남자 응답자는 45%, 여자
응답자는 37%로 두 해에 남녀 성별 간 비율 차이가
가장 컸고, 모두 8퍼센트 포인트 차이가 있었으므
로, 빈칸에 들어갈 숫자로 8이 적절하다. (B) 2014
년에 인터넷 접속을 위해 스마트 TV를 사용한 여성
의 비율은 6%로 해당 기간 동안 가장 낮은 것이므
로, 빈칸에 들어갈 숫자는 6이 적절하다.
것이므로, [출제의도] 도표와 일치하도록 빈칸을 완성한다.
32)
[정답] He claimed[mentioned] that life exists
outside the planet Earth.
[해설] 주어진 질문은 Camille Flammarion가 책 The
plurality of inhabited Worlds에서 무엇을 언급하
였는지를 묻고 있다. 본문에서 그는 The plurality
of inhabited Worlds라는 또 다른 책을 썼는데, 이
책에서 그는 외계에 생명체가 존재한다고 열정적으
로 주장했다고 했으므로, 해당 내용을 영어로 작성
한다.
[출제의도] 글의 세부 내용을 파악한다.
33)
‘낙관적 [정답]
[해설] 제조업자들은 제품이 정상적으로 소비될 수 있는
기간과 이동 시간을 고려하여 판매 유효 기한을 결
정하지만, 결국 개인이 제품의 비용 효율과 그 제품
이 상하기 쉬운지 아닌지를 고려하여 판매 유효 기
간에 관해 판단을 스스로 하게 된다는 내용의 글이
므로, ‘판매 유효 기한에 관한 판단: 개인에게 달
려있다.’가 가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 글의 제목을 추론한다.
34)
◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는 콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부
또는 일부를 무단으로 복제하거나 전송하는 것은 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에도 저작권법에 의한
법적 책임을 질 수 있습니다.
I410-ECN-0199-2023-001-000255116
24 고2

[정답] 리말로 작성한다.

[해설] 의 it은 가목적어로 find의 목적어 자리를 채울
뿐 의미가 없다. 나머지
caffeine을 가리킨다.
[출제의도] 가리키는 대상이 다른 것을 찾는다.
35)
[정답]
[해설] 일부 사람들에게 “모두가 그것을 하고 있다.”라고
말하는 것은 어떠한 생각에 대해 흥미를 잃게 하고
대안을 찾게 할 수 있으며, 그 대안이 정확히 마케
터나 설득자가 당신이 믿기를 원하는 것이라고 했
다. 따라서 당신이 독립성과 유일성을 유지하기 위
해 대중적인 의견을 강하게 거부한다는 것을 안다
면, 대다수가 선택하는 것을 먼저 제시하여, 당신이
마케터가 실제로 선호하는 것에 맞게 그 대다수가
선택하는 것을 거부하게 하는 것이므로, accept(받
아들이다)를 reject(거부하다)로 고쳐야 한다.
[출제의도] 문맥상 부적절한 어휘를 찾는다.
36)
[정답]
[해설] 드라마의 추상적인 세계를 이해하기 위해서는 다
양한 지식이 필요하지만, 시청자들이 쉽게 드라마를
따라갈 수 있는 이유는 드라마의 추상이 우리의 일
상이라는 친숙한 틀에서 만들어졌기 때문이므로, 빈
칸에는 ‘우리가 있는 현실에 입각한’이 가장 적
절하다.
[출제의도] 빈칸에 적절한 표현을 추론한다.
37)
[정답]
[해설] 주어진 글은 ‘자연 선택에서 항상 그렇듯이, 박쥐
와 그 먹잇감은 수백만 년 동안 생사를 가르는 감각
군비 경쟁에 참여해 왔다.’라는 내용이다. 먹잇감인
나방이 박쥐를 피하기 위해 청력과 주파수 소리를
감지하는 능력을 진화시켰고, 그에 맞서 박쥐도 발
성 주파수가 높아졌다며 감각 군비 경쟁에 대해 구
체적으로 설명하는 (B)가 주어진 문장 뒤에 이어지
는 것이 적절하다. 청력과 주파수 감지 능력뿐만 아
니라 일부 나방 종은 음향 위장의 역할을 하는 날개
의 비늘과 외피를 진화시켰다는 내용의 (C)가 (B)뒤
에 이어지는 것이 자연스럽다. 나방의 이러한 음향
위장 능력을 모방하여 B­2 폭격기와 그 밖의 ‘스텔
스’ 항공기가 레이더 전파에 대해 유사한 그것을 하
는 재료로 만들어진 기체를 갖고 있다는 (A)가 (C)
뒤에 이어지는 것이 적절하다.
[출제의도] 글의 순서를 파악한다.
38)
[정답] 우리의 개인적인 필요와 가장 관련이 있는 소량을
찾고 그것을 사용 가능한 지식체로 구성하는 것
[해설] this work는 to find a small amount that is
most relevant to our individual needs and to
organize that into a usable
knowledge를 가리키므로 해당 부분을 해석하여 우
[출제의도] 지칭을 추론한다.
, , , 의 it은
39)
[정답]
[해설] 유럽의 통치자들은 백성들이 생산하고 있었던 것
을 평가하고 이를 바탕으로 상당한 세금을 부과할
능력이 부족했으며, 그들이 거둔 적은 세입은 유럽
의 약함을 매우 잘 보여준다는 내용의 글이다. 요약
하자면 과거 유럽의 통치자들은 세금을 제대로 징수
할 수 없었기 때문에 정치적 힘이 부족했고, 이는
아이러니하게도 유럽에서 민주주의가 번성하도록 이
끌었다. 따라서 빈칸 (A)에는 lacked(~가 부족하다,
없다)가, (B)에는 ‘번성하다, 번영하다’란 의미의
flourish 또는 thrive, prosper가 들어갈 수 있다.
[출제의도] 글의 요약문을 완성한다.
40)
[정답]
[해설] 관계사절의 문장 구조를 살펴보면 competitors는
주어, sell은 동사, slightly differentiated
products는 목적어로 문장 구조가 완전하다. 따라
서 관계대명사 which가 아닌 관계부사 where로 고
쳐야 한다.
[출제의도] 어법상 틀린 표현을 찾는다.
41)
[정답]
[해설] Hamburg에 있는 창의적인 디자인을 가진 아름
다운 강당에서 볼 수 있듯 알고리즘은 닥치는 대로
가능한 다양한 디자인을 만들어내는 방식으로 창의
적이고 미적으로 인상적인 디자인을 만들 수 있다는
내용의 글이다. 따라서 글의 제목으로 ‘알고리즘
은 디자인 세계에 새로운 창의성의 시대를 가져온
다’가 가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 글의 제목을 추론한다.
42)
[정답]
[해설] 는 the stressful situation을 가리키고, 나머지
, , , 는 brain을 가리킨다.
[출제의도] 가리키는 대상이 다른 것을 찾는다.
43)
[정답]
[해설] 몰입의 원인이 되는 요인은 다양한데, 그 중 주목
해야 할 점은 몰입이 직무 수행의 동기가 되지만,
직무 수행도 몰입의 동기가 되어 직원들이 그들 자
신의 기대와 포부에 부합하거나 그것을 능가할 정도
로 그들의 직무를 잘 수행할 수 있을 때 직원들은
더 많이 몰입하고, 그들의 성과를 자랑스러워하며
업무를 더 의미 있게 생각한다는 내용의 글이다. 요
약하자면 직원들이 업무에 몰입할수록 업무를 더 잘
수행하고, 업무를 더 잘 수행할수록 업무에 더 몰입
stock of 한다는 점에서 업무 몰입과 직무성과는 상호 연관성
이 있고, 이는 특히 업무가 그들의 가치관과 일치할

◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법 시행령」제33조에 의한 표시
1) 제작연월일 : 2023-09-14 2) 제작자 : 교육지대㈜
3) 이 콘텐츠는 「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」에 따라 최초 제작
일부터 5년간 보호됩니다.
◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는 콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부
또는 일부를 무단으로 복제하거나 전송하는 것은 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에도 저작권법에 의한
법적 책임을 질 수 있습니다.
I410-ECN-0199-2023-001-000255116
 고2 25
때 분명하다. 따라서 빈칸 (A)에는 interrelated(서
로 밀접하게 연관된), (B)에는 ‘일치하는’이란 의미인
consistent, accordant, consonant가 들어갈 수
있다.
[출제의도] 글의 요약문을 완성한다.

44)
[정답]
[해설] 주어진 문장은 ‘하지만, 다른 사람들의 고통을 줄
이기 위해 베푼 사람들은 공격 이후 오랫동안 계속
해서 고군분투하는 피해자들에게 공감하기를 멈추지
않았다.’라는 내용이다. 주어진 문장에 However(그
러나)가 있으므로, 주어진 문장 앞에는 자기 자신의
고통을 줄이기 위해 베푼 사람들의 감정적 자극은
어땠는지에 관한 내용이 나와야 하므로, 주어진 문
장은 에 들어가는 것이 적절하다.
[출제의도] 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치를 파악한다.

45)
[정답]
[해설] 구전 전통을 통해 지식을 축적하던 시대의 사회적
규범은 50세가 넘으면 지혜롭다는 것이었으나, 인쇄
기와 같은 새로운 기술이 출현하면서 더 많은 책이
인쇄됨에 따라 문해력을 향상했고, 지식 전달의 구
전 전통이 사라지기 시작하면서 노인들의 지혜는 덜
중요해졌다고 했다. 결과적으로 50세가 넘은 것은
더 지혜로움을 의미하지 않게 된 것이므로, 빈칸에
는 ‘더 이상 아는 것이 많음을 의미하지 않는다’
가 가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 빈칸에 적절한 표현을 추론한다.

46)
[정답]
[해설] Jack은 아버지의 기대에 부응하며 사는 것이 아
니라 본인의 가슴이 뛰는 일들을 선택했고, 그때마
다 아버지의 반대에 혼란과 두려움을 느끼기도 했지
만, 용기 있게 자신만의 길을 개척해갔으므로, 글의
교훈으로 ‘열정과 용기를 가지고 자신의 삶을 살
아가라’가 가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 글이 시사하는 교훈을 추론한다.

◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법 시행령」제33조에 의한 표시
1) 제작연월일 : 2023-09-14 2) 제작자 : 교육지대㈜
3) 이 콘텐츠는 「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」에 따라 최초 제작
일부터 5년간 보호됩니다.
◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는 콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부
또는 일부를 무단으로 복제하거나 전송하는 것은 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에도 저작권법에 의한
법적 책임을 질 수 있습니다.
I410-ECN-0199-2023-001-000255116