Soil

- It's composed of minerals, organic matter, water, and air, and its properties vary
depending on factors like location, climate, and vegetation. It forms in various process
such as weathering, decomposing, and erosion. Soil is a vital natural resource that plays
a crucial role in supporting plant growth, storing water, and providing habitat for various
organisms.

Types of soil

Loam soil

- Loam soil is often considered the ideal type of soil for gardening and agriculture due to
its balanced composition. It's a mixture of sand, silt, and clay particles, and it combines
the best properties of each. Loam soil has good drainage and aeration, allowing roots to
access oxygen and water. It retains moisture well and has excellent nutrient-holding
capacity. These qualities make it suitable for a wide range of plants.

Clay

- Clay soil is made up of very fine particles that can hold a lot of water and nutrients.
However, it has poor drainage and can become compacted, leading to waterlogging and
reduced aeration for plant roots. Clay soil tends to be sticky when wet and hard when
dry.

Silt

- Silt soil consists of fine particles that are larger than clay but smaller than sand. It has
good water-holding capacity and is smoother to the touch than clay. Silt soil can become
compacted like clay and may drain poorly if not managed properly.

Sandy

- Sandy soil is composed of larger particles, which leads to fast drainage and rapid drying.
While this can be advantageous for preventing waterlogging, it also means sandy soil
doesn't retain moisture or nutrients well. Sandy soil tends to have lower fertility and
requires more frequent irrigation and fertilization.
Sunlight
- Sunlight, also known as solar radiation or sunshine, is the electromagnetic radiation
emitted by the Sun. It is a fundamental source of energy that plays a crucial role in
various natural processes on Earth. Sunlight keeps the Earth warm, creates wind and
controls the weather and climate. The Sun’s heat and energy also help on weathering
rocks and minerals, providing more nutrients to soil and water. Moreover plants use
sunlight for photosynthesis – a process in which they convert light energy to chemical
energy to fuel their growth. This become the foundation of the food chain, as animals
rely on plants or other animals that consumes plants. The process of photosynthesis also
produces oxygen, which is what we breathe in.

Temperature / Environmental Temperature

- Environmental temperature refers to the measure of the average kinetic energy of
particles in the air surrounding us, which we perceive as hot or cold. It's a fundamental
component of weather and climate, influencing various natural processes and human
activities.

Oxygen
- Oxygen exists in its elemental form as a diatomic molecule, O2. It’s a colorless, odorless
gas that makes up about 21% of Earth’s atmosphere. This atmospheric oxygen is
essential for the survival of many living organisms, including humans.

Biological Interaction
- Biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community
have on each other. They can be either of the same species (intraspecific interactions), or
of different species (interspecific interactions)