ELEN90075 Midsemester Exam

Name and Student Number:

September 22, 2020

In the non-ideal buck-boost converter of Figure 1 the inductor has winding resistance of RL , the transistor
has an on-resistance Ron , and the diode has a resistance RD and a forward voltage bias equal to VD . The
duty cycle of the transistor is denoted by D. Define D′ = 1 − D. All other losses can be ignored.

+
Q1
+
− Vg L C R V
D
−

Figure 1: The buck-boost converter.

1. Show that the relationship between the input voltage, Vg , and the output voltage, V in continuous
conduction mode is given by

1 DVg − D′ VD
V =−
RL DRon RD
1 + ′2 + ′2 + ′
D′
D R D R DR
where D′ = 1 − D. (7 marks)

2. Let W (Vg ) denote the right-hand side expression of the equation above. Write the expression for
efficiency of the converter using W (Vg ), Vg , D, and D′ . (2 marks)

3. Consider the following inequality:

D′2 D′
+ − 1 > 0,
K K
2L 2L
where K = and K = . Furthermore, neglect the forward voltage bias, i.e. assume
RTs (RD + RL )Ts
that VD = 0. Show that if D′ satisfies this inequality, then the converter operates in discontinuous
conduction mode. (6 marks)

4. Neglect the forward voltage bias, i.e. assume that VD = 0 and consider the case where the converter
operates in DCM. Write the equations governing the circuit in the three different intervals. Identify
which semiconductor devices conduct in each of intervals. Does the small ripple approximation apply
to the inductor current? Explain. What type of function describes the current of the inductor in the
first subinterval. (5 marks)

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