Karaganda Medical University

Department of Medicine
Name: Aditya yadav
Group: 4017

Patient Profile:
Name: natasha
Age: 34
Gender: Female
Medical history: No significant medical history

Clinical Case:
Sarah visits her primary care physician with complaints of rectal pain,
discomfort, and occasional bleeding during bowel movements. She
reports a sensation of swelling and pressure around her anus. The
symptoms have been present for the past few weeks and have started
to affect her daily activities.
Upon examination, the doctor finds external hemorrhoids around
Sarah's anus. The hemorrhoids appear swollen, and there are signs of
minor bleeding. The doctor asks Sarah about her bowel habits and
medical history.
Sarah mentions that she has recently experienced constipation and
often strains during bowel movements. She leads a sedentary lifestyle
and spends long hours sitting at her desk for work. She also admits to a
diet low in fiber and inadequate fluid intake.
Answer: The doctor explains to Sarah that her symptoms are consistent
with external hemorrhoids, which can result from increased pressure on
the veins in the rectal area. The doctor recommends the following
treatment options:

Lifestyle modifications:
Increasing dietary fiber intake through fruits, vegetables, whole grains,
and fiber supplements.
Drinking an adequate amount of water to soften stools.
Engaging in regular physical activity to improve bowel movements and
circulation.
Taking breaks from prolonged sitting or using a cushion or donut-
shaped pillow for added comfort.
Over-the-counter (OTC) remedies:

 Topical creams or ointments containing hydrocortisone or witch

hazel to alleviate pain, itching, and inflammation.
Medicated wipes or pads for gentle cleansing of the anal area after
bowel movements.
Medical procedures:
1. Rubber band ligation: A common procedure where a small rubber
band is placed around the base of the hemorrhoid to cut off its
blood supply. This causes the hemorrhoid to shrink and eventually
 fall off within a week.
2. Infrared coagulation: Using heat from an infrared light or laser to
create scar tissue, which cuts off the blood supply and shrinks the
hemorrhoid.
3. Hemorrhoidectomy: In more severe cases, where other
treatments have been unsuccessful, the surgical removal of
hemorrhoids may be considered.
The doctor recommends starting with lifestyle modifications and OTC
remedies for Sarah's initial management. The doctor advises her to
maintain good bowel habits, including regular and timely bowel
movements, and to follow up if symptoms persist or worsen despite
these interventions.
The doctor also reassures Sarah that hemorrhoids are a common
condition and typically respond well to conservative treatment
measures. However, the doctor emphasizes the importance of seeking
medical attention if there are any concerning changes, such as
increased bleeding, severe pain, or the presence of a lump that does
not go away.