REVISED EDITION

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First Published in 2018

Revised Edition 2020

ISBN: 978-93-89519-67-9

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All rights reserved.

ii
PRE FAC E
Knowing grammar is the first step towards discovering how language makes meaning.
The teaching of grammar must, therefore, focus on form and meaning simultaneously.
It must be done by making inputs realistic and comprehensible with focus on the learner as the
centre of the teaching–learning experience.
Practice exercises must be as close to the learner’s personal context as possible. The goal
of grammar instruction must be autonomous production of language by the learner.

WOW! Grammar & Composition brings together structural and functional grammar through systematic
practice and fun activities. Ideal for young learners in the early stages of English language learning, the series
is based on a unique curriculum design that recycles grammar points at every level and builds on previous
understanding. This spiralling curriculum design eases the learning curve and helps students negotiate new
grammar topics from familiar premises. The material has been thoroughly class tested and piloted by some of the
best curriculum teachers.

FEATU R E S OF THE SERI ES :

• Exhaustive practice and revision through engagingly varied task types

• Each topic is presented through real-life contexts

• Colourful boxes and tables make remembering grammar forms and rules easier

• Contextualized grammar drills seamlessly move learners from presentation and noticing tasks to
speaking and writing-based tasks

• Students also practice grammar through lively, highly illustrated games along with oral and writing
activities

• Practice in reading comprehension and guided writing tasks (mapped to major curriculums) integrate
grammar with real-life language skills

• The teacher resource packs contain lesson plans, answer keys, worksheets, and revision tests for each
level, and listening texts

Available as Digital Supplement

• Interactive E-book with concept animations

• Revision Tests (printable PDFs)

• Practice of grammar through listening and speaking tasks

 Contents
1 Alphabetical Order 1
2 Sentences 6
3 Yes or No Questions 9
4 Question Words 14
5 Comma 21
6 Nouns 23
7 Nouns: Common Nouns and Proper Nouns 26
8 Nouns: Singular and Plural 29
9 Nouns: Gender 39
100 Apostrophe 42
11 Adjectives 46
12 Comparison of Adjectives 50
13 A, An, The 56
14 Pronouns 60
15 Is, Are, Am + (ing) 64
16 Was, Were 68
17 Has, Have, Had 71
18 Simple Present Tense 73
19 Present Continuous Tense 76
20 Simple Past Tense 79
21 The Future 83
22 Can, Cannot; Should, Should Not 87
230 Contractions 91
24 Adverbs 94
25 Prepositions 101
26 Conjunctions 106
27 Subject and Predicate 110
28 Vocabulary 112
29 Comprehension 117
30 Composition 122
 1 Alphabetical Order

Recall that the order in which letters appear in the alphabet is called the alphabetical order.

a-b-c-d-e-f-g-h-i-j-k-l-m-n-o-p-q-r-s-t-u-v-w-x-y-z

Words are arranged by looking at the order of their first letters.

cat dog elephant frog giraffe

1. Write the following words in the alphabetical order. One has been done for you.

a) sun, eye, car, top car

______________ eye
______________ sun
______________ top
______________

b) wife, girl, uncle, aunt ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

c) bird, beak, boat, bull ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

d) hut, house, hen, hat ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

e) dog, cat, rat, bat ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

2. Complete the words below with the missing letters. Then arrange the words in the
alphabetical order in your notebook. One has been done for you.
a) ta __b__ le b) do ____ key c) cupbo ____ rd

d) win ____ ow e) umbr ____ lla f) so ____ a

g) f ____ ce h) ____ hoe i) p ____ cture

j) m ____ rning k) pri ____ ce

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3. Write the words in the alphabetical order. One has been done for you.

banana | pear | tomato | watermelon | apple

orange | strawberry | cherry | mango | lemon

a) apple
____________________________ b) ____________________________

c) ____________________________ d) ____________________________

e) ____________________________ f) ____________________________

g) ____________________________ h) ____________________________

i) ____________________________ j) ____________________________

Remember

Alphabetical order means to arrange letters and words in the order of the alphabet:
a b c d e f…

4. Work in pairs. Take turns to say a letter from the alphabet. Your partner will say a word
with the letter. Then it is your turn to do the same. Follow the example.

Calendar
C

A dictionary is a book that contains the meanings of words. In a

dictionary, words are arranged in the alphabetical order.

2
5. Work in pairs. Make your mini dictionary with these words. First arrange them
alphabetically. Then find their meanings. One has been done for you.
trousers | island | picnic | scarf | clown
blanket | library | kitten

WORD MEANING

blanket a thick cover that keeps us warm in bed

Words in a dictionary are in alphabetical order. We look at the first letter of a word, but when
two words have the same letter, we look at the second letter.

6. Put the words in the order you will find them in a dictionary. Follow the examples.

a) monkey zebra camel camel

____________________   monkey
____________________ zebra
____________________

b) winter summer autumn ____________________  ____________________ ____________________

c) Spain Thailand Russia ____________________  ____________________ ____________________

d) cinama cafe museum ____________________  ____________________ ____________________

e) bike taxi bus  ____________________  ____________________ ____________________

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Look and read.

butterfly bear bat bowl

The first letter of these words is the same. To arrange these words in the alphabetical order, we
look at their second letters: u e a o.
The alphabetical order of these letters is a e o u. So the alphabetical order of the words
will be:
bat bear bowl butterfly

Vowels and consonants

The letters a, e, i, o, u are vowels. All the other letters are consonants.

Can you read these words?

ln mg bk

There are no vowels in these words. So we cannot read them. We need vowels to form words.
Read the same words with vowels now.

lion mug book

Special letter
The letter y is special. Some words can be made without using vowels. Such words have the
letter y.

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Examples:

fly sky try cry my fry gym

Some words begin with the vowel letter u but have a consonant y sound.
Examples:
united   unicorn   university

7. Add the missing vowels to complete the words. The pictures will help you.

a) v ____ n b) t ____ b c) w ____ t

SDRIB RETNIW

d) l ____ c k e) m ____ ____ s e f) b ____ r d

5
 2 Sentences

1. Read these groups of words. Underline the ones that are sentences.
One has been done for you.
a) purple grapes are The.

b) The strawberry is very small.

c) The watermelon has seeds.

d) sweet The is apple.

A sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense. A sentence always starts with a
capital letter.

2. Rearrange the following groups of words to make sentences.

a) sandwich me for made Mum a

____________________________________________________________________________________________

b) dress bought a the shop Susan from

____________________________________________________________________________________________

c) loves Nina books read to

____________________________________________________________________________________________

d) watching Ravi television enjoys

____________________________________________________________________________________________

e) is yellow colour favourite My

____________________________________________________________________________________________

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 Sentences that tell us something are called statements. Statements end with a full stop.
Sentences that ask us something are called questions. Questions end with a question mark.

3. Read the sentences given below. Tick S if the sentence is a statement and tick Q if it is a
question. Add a full stop (.) or question mark (?) at the end.

a) Have you taken a train ride ____ S Q

b) I take the train to go to Grandma’s house ____ S Q

c) Do you like to ride a train ____ S Q

d) We often walk to the station ____ S Q

e) Which animals are riding the train ____ S Q

f) The animals are enjoying a lot ____ S Q

Let us look at the rules for writing sentences:

• A sentence always begins with a capital letter.

• The word I is always written in capital.

• Names of people and places begin with a capital letter.

• Names of days, months, festivals, and holidays begin with a capital letter.

• Names of books and movies begin with a capital letter.

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4. Rearrange the following groups of words to form sentences. Add capital letters where
necessary. End each sentence with a full stop or a question mark.

a) new have i bike a

______________________________________________________________________________________________

b) live you where do

______________________________________________________________________________________________

c) won team Sara’s game the

______________________________________________________________________________________________

d) turn i September will eight in

______________________________________________________________________________________________

e) chocolate you ice cream do like

______________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Look at the picture. Write as many sentences as you can to describe it. Follow the example.

__The
______boy
______is lying on the mat.
________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

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 3 Yes or No
Questions

Read these sentences.

These are ducks.

This sentence tells us something. It is a statement.

Now let us rearrange the first two words of the sentence.

Are these ducks?

This sentence asks us something. It is a question.

Let us look at some more statements. The words in bold have been rearranged to form questions.

STATEMENT QUESTION

This is your pen. Is this your pen?

The kids were excited. Were the kids excited?

1. Rearrange the underlined words to make questions. Remember to add a question mark at
the end. One has been done for you.

a) She has done the homework.

_______Has
______she done the homework?________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________

b) We are going for a picnic today.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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c) Grandma will visit us on Thursday.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

d) Diwali is in October this year.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

e) Monty was scared to go on the roller coaster.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

f) The children were happy to see their parents.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The questions you formed above are called yes or no questions.

Yes or No questions start with words such as is, was, are, have, can, would, or do. Let us read
some questions.
• Are you reading?
• Have you got a sister?
• Is your friend coming?
• Can Sayani swim?
• Do you have any apples?
• Would you open the door, please?
• Has Sana got new glasses?

For statements without be, can, have, has, or had, we use do or does to make questions.
Examples:
• Do you play chess? • Does she like chocolates?

For statements with I, we, you, they, or more than one person, we use do to
make questions.
For statements with he, she, or one person, we use does to make questions.

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2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. One has been done for you.

a) _______Is
_______ she a teacher?

She is a teacher.

b) ______________ they got a new car?

They have got a new car.

c) ______________ he run fast?

He can run fast.

d) ______________ you having dinner?

You are having dinner.

e) ______________ it old?

It is old.

f) ______________ we got some juice?

We have got some juice.

3. Rearrange the words to write questions. Do not forget to put a question mark at the end.
One has been done for you.

a) run fast/you/can

________Can
______you run fast?
________________________________________________________________________________

b) you/have/a computer/got

______________________________________________________________________________________________

c) there/lizards/are/in your classroom

______________________________________________________________________________________________

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d) get up early/you/do

______________________________________________________________________________________________

e) has/got/your teacher/a computer

______________________________________________________________________________________________

f) there/in your basket/an orange/is

______________________________________________________________________________________________

We often use short answers to reply to yes or no questions. Look at this table to learn about
short answers.

QUESTION ANSWER

Are you hungry? Yes, I am.

Are they coming? Yes, they are.

Is there a big garden? Yes, there is.

Have they got a new car? No, they haven’t.

Does he like fish? No, he doesn’t.

Do you play tennis? Yes, I do.

Can she swim? Yes, she can.

Would you like an apple? Yes, I would.

4. Work in pairs. Take turns to ask the questions you have written in Exercise 3 and write
their answers in short.

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5. Use the words given in the table to make as many questions as you can. Change or add
words where necessary. One has been done for you.

Are you got...

Is your best friend like...

Can brother eat...

Have sister drive...

Has parents listen...

Do teacher play...

Does ride...

Was sun...

Would swim...

___Are
______you
______driving?
_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

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 4 Question Words

Who and what

Read these sentences.

Who is this? What is this?

We use who to ask questions about people.

Examples:
• Who is that? • Who are you calling?
That is my sister, Khushi. I am calling Rama.

We use what to ask questions about things.

Examples:
• What is that? • What are you watching?
That is a dictionary. I am watching an old film.

1. Read these sentences and write their question words. One has been done for you.

a) They are my teachers. who

______________

b) It is a window. ______________

c) This is my brother. ______________

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d) Those are mangoes. ______________

e) That is the President. ______________

f) They are Mike’s friends. ______________

g) That is the Red Fort. ______________

2. Rearrange the words to form questions. Put a question mark at the end of each question.
One has been done for you.

a) your/who/favourite teacher/is

________Who
______is your favourite teacher?
________________________________________________________________________________

b) your/is/what/Mum’s name

______________________________________________________________________________________________

c) best friend/your/is/who

______________________________________________________________________________________________

d) do/what/eat for breakfast/you

______________________________________________________________________________________________

e) got/you/in your bag/have/what

______________________________________________________________________________________________

f) who/you/travel to school with/do

______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Now work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in Exercise 2.

Which, where, and when

We use which to choose between things.

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Examples:
• Which one should I wear? • Which book is yours?
You should wear the dress. The blue one is mine.

4. Look at the pictures. Read the questions and answers. Fill in the blanks with the names of
the children.

______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________

a) Which is Jayant? The boy in the purple t-shirt.

b) Which is Sunny? The boy in the striped t-shirt.

c) Which is John? The boy hanging upside down.

d) Which is Ivy? The girl with brown hair.

e) Which is Tina? The girl in the pink blouse.

We use where to ask questions about places.

Examples:
• Where is your school? • Where do you live?
My school is on Meerabai Road. I live in Durgapur.

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5. Look at the picture. Write questions for each of the statements given below.
One has been done for you.

a) __Where are the books?

_____________________________________________________________

The books are on the shelf.

b) _______________________________________________________________

The lamp is on the table.

c) _______________________________________________________________

The teddy bear is on the bed.

We use when to ask questions about time.

Examples:
• When is your birthday? • When does Tina study?
My birthday is on 7 August. Tina studies at 7 pm.

6. Write the questions for each of the statements given below.

a) _______________________________________________________________

We went to the fair last evening.

b) _______________________________________________________________

Reema’s birthday is on 7 June.

c) _______________________________________________________________

I am leaving for the airport tonight.

d) _______________________________________________________________

Sam takes his son to the park every Sunday.

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7. Match the questions in Column A with their answers in Column B.

a) Where is the bird? i) My sister

b) What do you want for lunch? ii) Next week

c) Who are you talking to? iii) The brown one

d) When does school reopen? iv) It is in the nest.

e) Which one is your dog? v) I want a burger.

How and why

a) We use how to ask questions about the way you do something. Example:
• How do you spell that word?

b) We use how old to ask about a person’s or a thing’s age. Example:

• How old are you?
I’m eight years old.

c) We use how many to talk about numbers. Example:

• How many brothers do you have?
I have two brothers.

d) We use why to talk about reasons. Example:

• Why did you miss school today?
I was not feeling well.

The words how, how old, how many, and why are also question words.

8. Tick (✓) the correct question word.

a) Why/When are you crying?

b) How/Why was your exam?

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c) What/When is the lunch time?

d) Why/Who are you late today?

e) When/What does your vacation start?

f) How/How many dresses did you buy?

g) How many/Where do you live?

h) Why/Which did they leave so soon?

9. Write the correct question words.

a) ______________ did you lose your bottle?

b) ______________ parks are there in this area?

c) ______________ will you return to Delhi?

d) ______________ are you watching?

e) ______________ did you come from?

f) ______________ is coming tonight?

g) ______________ team are you supporting?

h) ______________ are you feeling now?

i) ______________ are you so angry?

10. Write the questions for these answers.

a) _______________________________________________________________

My name is Anika.

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b) _______________________________________________________________

I stay in India.

c) _______________________________________________________________

I am eight years old.

d) _______________________________________________________________

Miss Gomes is my favourite teacher.

e) _______________________________________________________________

My birthday is in May.

11. Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer the questions from Exercise 10.

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