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Culture Documents
Haneen S
Haneen S
geopolymer mortar
Abstract
The enhancement of cement alternatives in the industry of construction is one of the
vital components for sustainable development. Geopolymerization can be defined as
one of the new strategies that provide imaginative arrangements, and the existence
of aluminum and silicon oxides in MK had supported its use as one of the source
materials in the Geo-polymer, which might be utilized in a wide range of
.the applications
The presented study provides experimental study for producing geo-polymer mortar
and examines metakaoline geo-polymer mortar that has been reinforced by
polypropylene fibers . In this study, an experimental investigation is conducted to
study the mechanical and physical properties of metakaoline geo-polymer mortar that
are made from base material available in the local market. The tests were made in this
study workability test, compression test, tensile strength, non-destructive test (N.D. T)
(dry density and apparent porosity).Sample is prepared with four different
molarity(8M,10M,12M,14M) and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio (2,2.5) and curing in the
.furnace at 70°C for three hours and then its curing under sunlight for 28 days
Mortar, cement, and concrete blends have been considered to be fragile substances,
which have been more grounded concerning the compression, whereas they have been
weaker concerning the tension and flexure; therefore, we used polypropylene fibers
.(PF) in all mixtures
,KEYWORDS: Geo-polymer,mortar,molarity,alkaline liquid,compressive strength
SEM
:الخالصة
فMM يمكن تعري.تدامةMMة المسMMة للتنميMMات الحيويMMد المكونشMMاائية أحMMناعات االنشMMمنت في الصMMيعد تعزيز بدائل األس
وقد دعم وجود أكاسيد األلومنيوم, البلمرة الجيولوجية كواحدة من االستراتيجيات الجديدة التي توفر خيارات جيدة
ةMMوالسيليكون في الميتاكاؤلين استخدامها كأحد المواد الرئيسية في الجيوبوليمر والتي يمكن استخدامها في مجموع
.واسعة من التطبيقات
وليMMاف البMMزز بأليMMاكولين المعMMوليمر وفحص مالط الميتMMو بMMاج مالط جيMMة إلنتMMة تجريبيMMذا البحث دراسMMوفر هMMي
وليمرMM تم إجراء تحقيق تجريبي لدراسة الخواص الميكانشيكية والفيزيائية لمونة الجيوب, في هذه الدراسة. بروبلين
ةMMذه الدراسMMا في هMMتي تم اجراءاهMM ومن االختبارات ال.المصنوعة من المواد األساسية المتوفرة في السوق المحلي
, ةMة الجافMدمرة (والكثافMير المMارات الغMواالختب, دMوة الشMار قM واختب, غطMار الضM واختب, غيلMة التشMاختبار قابلي
مول ونسبة14 , مول12 , مول10 , مول8 ) يتم تحضير العينة بأربعة موالرية مختلفة.والمسامية الظاهرة
درجة مئوية لمدة ثالث ساعات ثم معالجتها تحت70 ومعالجتها في الفرن عندNa2SiO3 / NaOH (2,2.5)
يوًم ا28 أشعة االمس لمدة
, والتي كانت أكثر تماسًك ا فيما يتعلق بالضغط, تم اعتبار المالط واألسمنت والخلطات الخرسانية من المواد الهاة
.بينما كانت أضعف فيما يتعلق بالتوتر واالنثناء ؛ لذلك استخدمنا الياف البولي بروبلين في جميع المخاليط
Introduction .1
Joseph Davidovits gladly developed geopolymerization technique in early 1980
because of its economically efficient method (1) .At little higher than room temperature,
The activation of alumina and silica as starting materials in an alkaline setting results
in adhesion. aluminosilicate.(2).These alkali-activated materials are made up of
tetrahedral silicate and aluminate units that are covalently linked in a three-
dimensional structure.In the geopolymerization process, a reactive aluminosilicate
material, such as metakaoline or fly ash , and an alkali activator solution are both
used (A solution of alkali metal hydroxide, such as sodium hydroxide, and a silicate
solution, such as sodium silicate)(2). Buildings, bridge superstructures, and deck
pavements are all common uses for geopolymers. Because geopolymers are fire-
resistant materials, manufacturing lightweight geopolymers with increased thermal
resistance can be a good method to use them. Although the characteristics and nature
of geopolymers are now better understood, their lightweight constructions have yet to
be fully developed. However, several techniques of introducing lightweight
.geopolymers have been investigated
has investigated the influence of temperature and duration )3()A.M.M.A. Bakri,2012(
of curing on the compressive strength of fly ash-based geo-polymer concrete. Al-
Bakri discovered that as time and curing temperature rise, the compressive strength of
concrete increases.Two different alkali activators were used to activate metakaolin-
based geopolymer concrete (K and Na). With various Si/Al ratios, the specimens were
Cured at 80°C for one and two days. The results revealed that specimens reacted by
.Na exhibit lower compressive strength than those activated with K
Because Si-O-Si connections had higher strength than Si-O-Al linksAs the Si/Al
ratio(4) increased, the results showed a rise in compressive strength Investigated the
effect of different NaOH solutions on the metakaolin geopolymer paste. The
compressive strength of seven-day-old samples increased with increasing NaOH
.content from 8 M to 14 M, according to the findings
:Materials .2
.Metakaoline.2.1
Kaolinite can be defined as one of the clay minerals with Al2Si2O5(OH)4 chemical
composition. In addition, metakaolin is a de-hydroxylated form regarding clay
mineral kaolinite related to the following reaction
Al2 Si2 O5 (OH)4 → Al2 O32 SiO2 + 2 H2O
Kaolinites lose the majority of their adsorbed water between (100 and 200) C°.
Kaolinites are calcined when they lose water through dehydroxilization at
°temperatures between (500 and 700)C
Length (mm)/ 12
Experimental work .3
Proportions of the Mix .3.1
Liquid alkaline should be made at least befor one day than casting. The NaOH
solution is first produced to the necessary molarity, and then it is combined in a 2 and
2.5 ratio with Na2SiO3. (where M–molarity) The specimens were produced for (8M,
.10M, 12M, 14M)
For example(8M) indicates that the concentration of NaOH in a litre of water is 8 40 =
320gm (where 40 is the molecular weight of NaOH).Mix proportions for all samples
.are shows in Table no.6
Table 6. All mixing of geopolymer mortar
p.p Alkalin Water Fine HRWR Na2SiO3/ NaOH MK.kg/ Mi
e / Aggregat NaOH molarit m3 x
BY .M.K.wt,
solution e y
M.K binder %
,
.wt kg/m3
% by M.K.
%wt
3 0.6 0.3 780 5 2 8 520 G1
3 0.6 0.3 780 5 2 10 520 G2
3 0.6 0.3 780 5 2 12 520 G3
3 0.6 0.3 780 5 2 14 520 G4
3 0.6 0.3 780 5 2.5 8 520 G5
3 0.6 0.3 780 5 2.5 10 520 G6
3 0.6 0.3 780 5 2.5 12 520 G7
3 0.6 0.3 780 5 2.5 14 520 G8
80
70
60
50
Flow%
40
30
20
10
0
8M 10M 12M 14M
Molarity
The increase of the concentration NaOH leads to the increase in the geo-polymer
mortar’s compressive strength for both types (M.K and F.A) as shown in figure
(3).The highest compressive strength obtained from 14M and Na2SiO3/NaOH=2.5
higher concentration of the NaOH results in increasing the solution’s capability for
leaching the alumina and silica, promoting more sufficient binding amongst the solid
particles in final structure of the system and has an important impact on the hardened
.geo-polymer’s mechanical properties(8)
Also the increasing of alkaline solution frome 2 to 2.5 results in slightly increasing the
value of the compressive strength in the two mortat as show in figure (3)
elitT trahC
5.91
91
91 57.81
5.81
5.81
51.81
81 57.71
5.71 52.71 52.71
71
5.61
5.61
61
htgnerts evisserpmoc
5.51
51
M8 M01 M21 M41
yitraloM
2=HOaN/3OiS2aN 5.2=HOaN/3OiS2aN
Fig. (3) compressive strength of M.K and F.A geopolymer mortar at 28day age
5.3
5.2
5.1
1
htgnerts elisneT
5.0
0
M8 M01 M21 M41
yitraloM
2=HOaN/3OiS2aN 5.2=HOaN/3OiS2aN
Fig. (4) tensile strength of M.K and F.A geopolymer mortar at 28day age
It can be observed from the results that geo-polymer mortar’s tensile strength
increases in a gradual manner by increasing the NaOH solution molarity value from
M 8 to M 14 as a result of the ratio of solutions of NaOH and Na 2SiO3to certain
mixture proportion due to the fact that higher sodium hydroxide concentration will
.result in making a good bonding between the aggregate and mortar paste(9)
Geo-polymer mortar’s tensile strength is increased as a result of a higher Na 2SiO3
ratio availability in the mixture, in other words, 2:5 strength is higher than 2(Na 2SiO3/
NaOH) due to the fact that the Na 2SiO3 has the ability of accelerating the reaction of
.the polimerization and increasing geo-polymer mortar’s mechanical strength (9)
As show in figure (5), the fresh density value of geo-polymer mortar increased whith
increasing of molarity because the density is a function of weight, therefor increase in
molarity means an increase in the amount of solute in a fixed volume, and on top the
.density increases
Also the value of fresh density increased with the increasing of Na 2SiO3/NaOH ratio
because high alkaline ratio cause high dissolution of Metakaoline particles in the
.mix and that obtained denser microstructure in geopolymers(10)
0191
0091
0981
0881
0781
0681
0581
yitsned kluB
0481
0381
0281
8M M01 M21 M41
yitraloM
2=HOaN/3OiS2aN 5.2=HOaN/3OiS2aN
geopolymer mortar test result show that the amounts of the open pores in the geo-
polymer binder have been reduced with an increase in the concentration of the NaOH
and ratio of the alkaline activator. While the open pores have been decreased along
with an increase in the concentration of the NaOH and ratio of the alkaline activator
from 2 to 2.50 this phenomena caused by viscosity and obtained denser
.microstructure in geopolymers mortar(9)
71
5.61
61
5.51
51
yitsorop tnerappA
5.41
41
M8 M01 M21 M41
yitraloM
2=HOaN/3OiS2aN 5.2=HOaN/3OiS2aN
:Conclusions.5
References