Mechanical Vibration

Laboratory Manual

Department of Technology
The University of Lahore
1-Km, Defence Road, Off Bhobatian Chowk, Lahore

Name: ____________________________________
Roll Number: ____________
Semester: ____________ Subject: __________

Department of Technology
 I. Lab Safety Policies

General lab safety

• Never eat or drink while working in the lab.

• Read labels carefully.

• Do not use any equipment unless you are trained and approved as a user by your supervisor.

• Never do unauthorized experiments.

• Never work alone in laboratory.

• Keep your lab space clean and organized.

• Do not leave an on-going experiment unattended.

• Never use open flames in laboratory unless instructed by TA.

Clothing

• Shorts and sandals should not be worn in the lab at any time. Shoes are required when working in the machine
shops.

• If you have long hair or loose clothes, make sure it is tied back or confined.

• Keep the work area clear of all materials except those needed for your work.

Equipment Failure

• If a piece of equipment fails while being used, report it immediately to Lab Engineer/Assistant. Never try to fix
the problem yourself because you could harm yourself and others.

• If leaving a lab unattended, turn off all ignition sources and lock the doors.

• Clean up your work area before leaving.

Electrical safety

• Obtain permission by the safety coordinator before operating any high voltage equipment Maintain an
unobstructed access to all electrical panels.
• Avoid using extension cords whenever possible.

• Never, ever modify or otherwise change any high voltage equipment.

• Before attaching the power supply to your setup make sure there are no “live” wires which can be touched.

• When attaching a high voltage power supply ALWAYS switch off the supply

Department of Technology
 Fire

• If a person’s clothing catches on fire, he/she needs help.

• Prevent him/her from running.

• Make him/her lie down and smother the flames by rolling, wrapping with lab coats, blankets, towels,
etc.

• Never turn a carbon dioxide extinguisher on a person.

• If a fire breaks out, (if time allows) turn off all burners and remove solvents, place the chemical and
equipment safely to the nearest possible table/bench, exit the building calmly.

• If you do not use the fire extinguisher, leave the room immediately to a safer place possibly outside.
There are carbon dioxide extinguishers in the building and the positions and operation of these should
be known.

• Point the extinguisher at the base of the flames.

• Very small fires can be put out with a damp towel by smothering.

• Only after the safety of all is assured should the matter of extinguishing the fire be considered.

Because a few seconds delay can result in very serious injury, Laboratory staff will guide you on what to do
and how to exit during the case of such an emergency.

2. In Case of emergency

• Report the location of the emergency; give your name, telephone number, and building and floor number.

• Report the nature of the emergency whether an explosion has occurred and whether there has been a chemical
or electrical fire.

RESCUE: 1122
Police Emergency Control Room:
Army Control Room: 1135
Administrator:

Department of Technology
 3. Safety Undertaking

I HAVE READ ALL OF THE ABOVE, AND I AGREE TO CONFORM TO ITS CONTENTS.

Name: _______________________________________ Course: _______________

Student ID: ____________________________________ Class: _______________

Student Signature: ______________________________ Room: _______________

Date: _________________________

Lab Instructor: ___________________

Department of Technology
4. Grading Policy
Lab Performance 10
Lab Report 10
Lab Viva 10
Total Lab Marks 30

Level of Inquiry
Level Problem/ Question
0 Provided to the student
1 Provided to the student
2 Provided to the student
3 Constructed by the student
Procedure/ Method Solution
Provided to the student Provided to the student
Provided to the student Constructed by student
Constructed by the student Constructed by the student
Constructed by the student Constructed by the student

Level of
Description
inquiry
The problem, procedure, and methods to solutions are provided to the
0 student. The student performs the experiment and verifies the results with the
manual.
The problem and procedure are provided to the student. The student
1
interprets the data in order to propose viable solutions.
The problem is provided to the student. The student develops a procedure for
2 investigating the problem, decides what data to gather, and interprets the data
in order to propose viable solutions.
A “raw” phenomenon is provided to the student. The student chooses (or
constructs) the problem to explore, develops a procedure for investigating
3
the problem, decides what data to gather, and interprets the data in order to
propose viable solutions

Lab’s Course Learning Outcomes

Course Title Mechanical Vibration

Course Code MET-01310
Instructor Muhammad Adnan
Designation Lecturer
E-mail Muhammad.adnan3@tech.uol.edu.pk
Phone (Off.) 0342-4191169

Department of Technology
Students will be able to:

CLO 4: Demonstrate the measurement and calculation of displacement response resulting from different
external and internal parameters

Mapping of Course Learning Outcomes (CLO) to Program Learning Outcomes (PLO) / Graduate Attributes

Course Code PLO PLO PLO

CLOs/ PLOs PLO1 PLO2 PLO3 PLO4 PLO5 PLO6 PLO7 PLO8 PLO9 10 11 12

MET01310 CLO 4
X
PLO1: Engineering Knowledge PLO8: Ethics

PLO2: Problem Analysis PLO9: Individual and Team Work

PLO3: Design/Development of Solutions PLO10: Communication

PLO4: Investigation PLO11: Project Management

PLO5: Modern Tool Usage PLO12: Lifelong Learning

PLO6: The Engineer and Society

PLO7: Environment and Sustainability

Program: Mechanical Engineering Technology

Subject: MET-01310: Mechanical Vibrations

List of Experiments
Level of
Experiment Title of experiment CLO
Inquiry
Experiment 1 To study un-damped free vibrations of a simple pendulum by
determining the natural frequency and time period of oscillation, and 1 4
comparing theexperimental results with theoretical expectations
Experiment 2 To study un-damped free vibrations of a vertical spring mass system
bydetermining the natural frequency and time period of oscillation, and 1 4
comparing the experimental results with theoretical expectations.
Experiment 3 To study the role of different parts of universal vibration system and
develop an understanding of free and forced and damped and un- 0 4
damped vibration
Experiment 4 To determine the time period and frequency of free un-damped vibrations
of a spring-dashpot system and compare the experimental results with 1 4
theoretical outcomes.
Experiment 5 To determine the damping ratio (𝜁), actual damping co-efficient (𝐶) and
the critical damping co-efficient (𝐶c) for free damped vibrations of spring- 1 4
dashpot system.
Experiment 6 To determine the amplitude and magnification factor of forced un-
damped vibrations due to rotating unbalance and draw corresponding 2 4
resonancecurve.
Department of Technology
Experiment 7 To experimentally determine the range of frequency ratio for region of
vibration amplification and vibration isolation for forced vibrations 2 4
using the base excitation in Universal Vibration System.
Experiment 8 To determine the moment of inertia of a hollow cylinder using Trifilar
Suspension. 2 4
Experiment 9 To determine the moment of inertia of a solid cylinder using
Trifilar Suspension. 2 4
Experiment 10 To determine the moment of inertia of a square beam using Bifilar
Suspension. 2 4
Experiment 11 To determine the time period of un-damped torsional vibrations of a
single rotor shaft system. 2 4
Experiment 12 To determine the whirling speed of unloaded shaft and compare
the experimental results with theoretical outcomes. 1 4

Open Ended ----------------------------------------------------------

3 4
Lab

Marks Signature
Sr.
Title of experiment Lab Lab Viva
No. Performance Report Voce
(10) (10) (10)
1 To study un-damped free vibrations of a simple pendulum by
determining the natural frequency and time period of
oscillation, and comparing theexperimental results with
theoretical expectations
2 To study un-damped free vibrations of a vertical spring
mass system bydetermining the natural frequency and time
period of oscillation, and comparing the experimental results
with theoretical expectations.
3 To study the role of different parts of universal vibration
system and develop an understanding of free and forced
and damped and un-damped vibration
4 To determine the time period and frequency of free un-damped
vibrations of a spring-dashpot system and compare the
experimental results withtheoretical outcomes.
5 To determine the damping ratio (𝜁), actual damping co-
efficient (𝐶) and the critical damping co-efficient (𝐶c) for free
damped vibrations of spring-dashpot system.
6 To determine the amplitude and magnification factor of
forced un-damped vibrations due to rotating unbalance and
draw corresponding resonancecurve.
7 To experimentally determine the range of frequency ratio
for region of vibration amplification and vibration isolation
for forced vibrations using the base excitation in Universal
Vibration System.

Department of Technology
8 To determine the moment of inertia of a hollow cylinder
using Trifilar Suspension.
9 To determine the moment of inertia of a solid cylinder
using Trifilar Suspension.
10 To determine the moment of inertia of a square beam using
Bifilar Suspension.
11 To determine the time period of un-damped torsional
vibrations of a single rotor shaft system.
12 To determine the whirling speed of unloaded shaft and
compare the experimental results with theoretical outcomes.

Total Lab Marks

Open Ended Lab

Grand Total

Lab Marks as Per Policy (10,10,10)

Grand Total as Per Policy

Department of Technology
 EXPERIMENT No 1

OBJECTIVE:

To study un-damped free vibrations of a simple pendulum by determining the natural frequency and
time period of oscillation and comparing the experimental results with theoretical expectations.

APPARATUS:

Simple Pendulum, Steel Rule, Stopwatch

THEORY

A pendulum is an object that is attached to a pivot point so it can

swing freely. This object is subject to a restoring force that will
accelerate it toward an equilibrium position. When the pendulum is
displaced from its place of rest, the restoring force will cause the
pendulum to oscillate about the equilibrium position. In other words, a
weight attached to a string swings back and forth.

A basic example is the simple gravity pendulum or bob pendulum.

This is a weight (or bob) on theend of a massless string, which, when
given an initial push, will swing back and forth under the The regular
motion of pendulums can be used for time keeping, and pendulums
are used to regulate pendulum clocks. A simple pendulum is an
ideality involving these two assumptions:
 The rod/string/cable on which the bob is swinging is massless
and always remains taut (inelastic)
 Motion occurs in a plane.

Under the above assumptions, the equation of motion of simple pendulum can be written as (see
Figure 1):

𝐼Ӫ + 𝑚𝑔 sin 𝜃 𝑙 = 0
𝑚𝑙2Ӫ + 𝑚𝑔𝜃𝑙 = 0 (Small angle approximation)
𝑙Ӫ + 𝑔𝜃 = 0

Where;
l: the length of string up to the center of the bob in meter
θ: swing angle in radian
I: second moment of inertia about pivot in kg.m2

From the equation of motion, one can find the natural frequency as

Department of Technology
 𝑔 2𝜋
𝜔𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜 = √ 𝑜𝑟 𝜔𝑛𝑒𝑥𝑝 =
𝑙 𝜏𝑒𝑥𝑝
𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑝
𝜏𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜 = 2𝜋√ ; % error = e = × 100
𝑔 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜

PROCEDURE:

1. Set the string length at specified length by using the measuring tape, the length is measured
from the end of fixing nut to the center of the ball. Displace the ball to a certain level and
release.
2. Change the length of the string to a number of values like 40, 50, 60,70cm and measure the
time required to complete 30 oscillations. Evaluate the time period by dividing the measured
time by 30.
3. Evaluate “g” by using the equation.

OBSRVATIONS & CALCULATIONS:

String Time for 30 𝝉𝒆𝒙𝒑. 𝝉𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐. % error 𝝎𝒏𝒆𝒙𝒑. 𝝎𝒏𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐. %

Length (l) oscillations (sec) (sec) in 𝝉 (rad/s) (rad/s) error
in cm (sec) in 𝝎𝒏

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Make sure the pendulum only vibrates in vertical plane.

2. Do not displace the bob at a very large angle.
3. Switch off the fan to reduce the air resistance.
4. Include the hook and radius of the bob in length of the pendulum.
5. String should be light in weight.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Department of Technology
Sample Calculation

Department of Technology