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Go Green Project On Organic Farming
Go Green Project On Organic Farming
Partnerships: Collaborations with local agricultural retailers, government agencies, and non-
profit organizations could extend the cooperative's product reach.
Quality Assurance: Stringent quality checks will be conducted at all supply chain stages to
ensure that only high-quality seeds and inputs reach farmers.
8. Profit Distribution:
Cooperative Principles: Profits from seed sales and agricultural input distribution will be
shared among cooperative members based on their level of participation and contribution.
This comprehensive supply chain strategy is designed to ensure the cooperative startup
effectively serves its member farmers by delivering high-quality seeds and resources while
promoting sustainable and profitable farming practices.
Basics of Organic Farming-
Understand the basics of organic agriculture and the organic farming standards-
Since organic production systems are knowledge based, new entrants and
transitional producers must become familiar with sound and sustainable agricultural
practices. Transitional producers should be prepared to read appropriate information,
conduct their own trials and participate in formal and informal training events. As
mentioned, switching from conventional to organic farming is more than substituting
synthetic materials to organic allowed materials. Organic farming is a holistic system
that relies on sound practices focused on preventative strategies. Since there are
often few organic remedies available to organic producers for certain problems,
prevention is the key element in organic production.
Mixed farming: A system of farming on a particular farm which includes crop production, raising
livestock, poultry, fisheries, bee keeping etc. to sustain and safety as many needs of the farmer as
possible.
Ratooning: One of the important methods of intensive cropping, allowing the stubbles of the original
crop to strike again after harvesting and to raise another crop.
Mixed Cropping: Growing of two or more crops simultaneously and intermingled without row
arrangements, where there is significant amount of intercrop competition.
Sole Cropping/Solid Planting: One crop variety grown alone in pure stands at normal density in a
field.
Monoculture: Practice of repetitive growing only crop irrespective of its intensity as ricerice-rice in
Kerala, West Bengal and Orissa.
Crop Rotation or sequential cropping: A planted sequence of crops growing in a regular recurring
succession on the same area of land, as contrasted to continuous culture of one crop or growing a
variable sequence of crops EX. Rice-Wheat Mixed cropping: Growing two or more crops
simultaneously with no distinct row arrangement. Also referred to as mixed cropping. EX. Chickpea
+Mustard.
GEOINFORMATICS
Visual and digital interpretation of remote sensing images. Generation of spectral profiles
of different objects.
Remote Sensing is the science and art of obtaining information about an object/phenomena or area
through the analysis of data acquired by a device that is not in contact with the object under
investigation. This technology first emerged in 1840 and pictures were taken by balloon.
Subsequently, Cameras were mounted in airplane for military survey in the first world war for
reconnaissance survey. This technology includes both Satellite and aerial remote sensing. The basis
source for this technology is electromagnetic radiation and this energy from the sun reaches the
earth surface and again reflected or transmitted or absorbed by the objects which is collected by the
satellite sensors or recorded in the photographic film. The product from the aerial camera is called
photograph and the term image is used for any pictorial representation of image data. The
reflectance/remittance/absorption of energy by an object forms the base for the brightness or
darkness in an image or photographs.
Interpretation-
Interpretation is the processes of detection, identification, description and assessment of significant
of an object and pattern imaged. The method of interpretation may be either visual or digital or
combination of both. Visual interpretation involves visual analysis of aerial photographs and satellite
images. When the interpretation is carried out with the help of computer software, it is known as
digital interpretation.
Basic elements of visual interpretation-
Shape: An object’s geometric characteristics: linear, curvilinear, circular, elliptical, radial, square,
rectangular, triangular, hexagonal, pentagonal, star, amorphous, etc. The external form, outline or
configuration of the object.
Size: The size of an object is one of the most distinguishing and important characteristics of elements
of image interpretation. Size of objects in an image is a function of scale hence, the size of objects
must be considered in the context of the scale of a photograph/image.
Pattern: Spatial arrangement of objects on the ground: systematic, random, linear, curvilinear,
rectangular, circular, etc. Spatial arrangement of an object into distinctive recurring forms.
Shadow: Indicates the outline of an object and its length which is useful is measuring the height of
an object. The shadow effect in Radar images is due to look angle and slope of the terrain. Taller
features cast larger shadows than shorter features.
Tone: Refers to the colour or relative brightness of an object. The tonal variation is due to the
reflection, emittance, transmission or absorption character of an object. This may vary from one
object to another and also changes with reference to different bands. In General smooth surface
tends to have high reflectance, rougher surface less reflectance.
Infrared imagery: Healthy vegetation reflects Infrared radiation much stronger than green energy
and appears very bright in the image. A simple example is the appearance of light tone by vegetation
species and dark tone by water. Particularly in thermal infrared images the brightness tone
represents warmest temperature and darkness represent coolest temperature.
Radar Imagery: Smooth surfaces reflect highly and area blocked from radar signal and appears dark.
Bridges and cities show very bright tone, on the contrary calm water, pavement and dry lake beds
appear very dark tone.
Texture: Texture is an expression of roughness or smoothness as exhibited by the images. It is the
rate of change of tonal values (frequency of tonal changes). Texture signifies the frequency of change
and arrangement of tones in an image and is produced by an aggregate of unit features too small to
be clearly recognised individually on an image.
Location Site: x,y coordinate: longitude and latitude or meters easting and northing in a UTM map
grid. The relationship of feature to the surrounding features provides clues to words its identity.
Resolution: It depends upon the photographic/imaging device namely cameras or sensors. This
includes of spectral and spatial resolutions. The spectral resolution helps in identifying the feature in
specific spectral bands. The high spatial resolutions imagery/photographs is useful in identifying
small objects.
Plough- The major tillage tool, the plough, acts as an implement that is connected to a
tractor and aids in effectively tilling the ground. This amazing piece of farming equipment is
utilized to prepare the area for planting. The use of several types of ploughs (mould-board
plough, reversible plough, disc plough) enables farmers to transform the soil into a nutrient-
rich seedbed for improved plant growth, whether they are converting a whole new piece of
land into a farm or simply preparing an existing farm to sow seeds.
Combine Harvester- larger in scale A combine cuts ripe crops while simultaneously threshing
them, much like a comb cutter. One of the most advanced pieces of farm equipment, a
combine aids farmers by preventing them from spending many hours each day on harvesting
tasks. The architecture of the multi-crop combine harvester makes it suitable for harvesting
a variety of grain crops, including wheat, corn, barley, grain sorghum, soybeans, oats,
sunflower, and rice. Modern multi-crop harvesters speed up harvesting so that the fields can
be ready for the next crop in the shortest amount of time possible, increasing the likelihood
that the crop will be produced during that time.
Problems of Farmers-
Lack of Information
Lack of Awreness
Solution-