4 Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 4 Electromagnetism

4 Electromagnetism 9 (a)

Practice 4.1 (p.166)

1 A
2 C
(b)
Iron is a magnetic material and aluminium is
not.
3 B
4 D
5 C 10
The field lines are in the same direction and
are uniformly spaced.
 (1) is correct.
P is a north pole and R is a south pole.
11
 (2) is incorrect.
The field lines between P and Q are more
closely packed together.
 (3) is correct.
6 (a) S
(b) The reading drops. Practice 4.2 (p.183)
Iron is a magnetic material. The iron bar 1 A
and the magnet attract each other. By right-hand grip rule, a magnetic field
7 pointing downwards is produced in the
electromagnet. It repels the bar magnet and
the reading of the scale increases.
2 A
3 D
The fields due to the two currents cancel out
each other.

8 (a) It points towards north. 4 C

(b) The bar magnet will rotate and its north B = BP + BQ = =

pole will point downwards as shown.
5 B
The directions of the fields due to the four
wires are as shown below.

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9 BP =

= 4 × 10–5 T (out of page)

BQ =
The vertical components cancel each other.
The horizontal components are all equal to
=

= 2.67 × 10–5 T (into page)

Resultant field = = 10 (a)

(b) Magnitude of magnetic field at X

6 C
The two identical solenoids can be regarded as =
one when they are brought end-to-end. The
combined solenoid has the same number of =
turns per unit length and carries the same
= 3.2 × 10–5 T
current as the separate solenoids. By B = μ0nI,
11 (a) P: to the left
B remains unchanged.
Q: to the right
7 (a)
(b) The magnitude of the field increases.
12 In the region between X and Y, the magnetic

(b) field due to X and that due to Y both points

into the page, i.e. no neutral point in this
8 (a) (top view) region.
In region above X, the field due to X is always
stronger than that due to Y, i.e. no neutral
point in this region.
 P must be below Y.
Let x be the distance between P and X.
(b) (top view)

13 (a) Magnitude of magnetic field

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4 Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 4 Electromagnetism

5 C
=
The forces acting on P by the other three wires
= = 4.19 × 10–3 T are as shown below.

(b) Since the number of turns per unit length

increases, the magnitude of the field
increases.
Consider the resultant magnetic force per unit
14 (a) By B = , length.
The vertical component is zero.
Let I be the current and d be the side length of
the square. Taking the direction to the right as
positive, the horizontal component is
(b) If the current is doubled, the magnetic
FR – FS cos 45° – FQ cos45°
field is also doubled.
 Magnetic field = 5 × 2 = 10 μT =
15 (a) Soft iron
(Or other reasonable answers) =
(b) X: south
Y: north <0
(c) (i) The current in the circuit decreases 6 A
and hence the strength of the τ = BIAN sin θ
electromagnet decreases. For (2), A is doubled. For (1) and (3), there is
(ii) The current in the circuit increases no change in B, I, A or N.
and hence the strength of the 7 (a) Zero
electromagnet increases. (b) F = BIl
(iii) The total resistance of the circuit = 1.2 × 4 × 0.2
decreases, so the current increases = 0.96 N (into page)
and hence the strength of the (c) F = BIl
electromagnet increases. = 1.5 × 15 × 0.2
= 4.5 N (upwards)
Practice 4.3 (p.204) (d) F = BIl
1 B = 0.5 × 12 × 0.2
2 D = 1.2 N (towards upper left and
The direction of the magnetic field due to Y is perpendicular to the wire)
the same as that of the current in X. (e) F = BIl sin θ
3 A = 2 × 5 × 0.2 × sin 30°
4 B = 1 N (into page)

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4 Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 4 Electromagnetism

(f) F = BIl sin θ (b) The moment of a couple is proportional

= 1.1 × 6 × sin (90  40°) to the perpendicular distance between
= 5.06 N (into page) the forces, which is maximum when the
8 (a) The magnetic force applied on the wire forces are perpendicular to the plane of
must be upwards to balance the weight the coil and zero when the forces are
of the rider. By Fleming’s left-hand rule, along the plane of the coil in this case.
the blue face is the south pole. (i)
(b) Take moment about the support.
BIl × rm = mg × rr

B=

= (ii)

= 3.27 × 10–3 T
The magnitude of the magnetic field is
3.27 × 10–3 T.
9 (a)

(c) Any one of the following:

Use stronger magnets.
Increase the current.
(b) Force acted on the wire
Increase the area of the coil within the
= BIl = 0.4 × 3 × 0.05 = 0.06 N
magnetic field
By Newton’s third law, a downward
Increase the number of turns of the coil.
force of 0.06 N is applied on the magnet
Use curved magnets.
by the wire, which would cause the
Use a soft-iron armature with several
balance reading to increase by
coils.
= 6.12 × 10–3 kg = 6.12 g.
11 (a) The coil is short-circuited by the ring

Mass of magnet = 120 – 6.12 = 114 g and hence no or only a small current

(c) (i) The magnitude increases. pass through the coil.

(ii) The direction reverses. (b) Replace the ring with a split-ring.

10 (a) (c) The turning effect increases.

12 (a) The directions of the magnetic forces are
shown below.

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Practice 4.4 (p.214)

1 D
2 B
There is magnetic force as long as the moving
For each metre,
direction of the charge and the field are not
FP = parallel.
 (1) is incorrect.
= Since the force is at right angle to the moving
direction, no work is done and the particle
= 8 × 10–5 N
does not change its speed.
FR =  (3) is incorrect.
3 B
= Whether a particle carries positive or negative
charge, the direction of the electrostatic and
= 8 × 10–5 N
magnetic forces are opposite. The sign of the
Resultant force
charges cannot be determined.
=
 (1) is not necessarily correct.
= 1.13 × 10–4 N (to the left)
When a particle just enters the fields,
(b) (i) FS = net force = QE – BQv = Q(E – Bv)
From the given information, it can only be
IS = sure that and . The

magnitudes of the charges cannot be

=
determined.
= 283 A  (3) is correct and (2) is not necessarily
(ii) S may be on the left of Q with the correct.
current flowing out of the page, or 4 (a) Magnitude of force
it may be on the right of Q with the = Bqv
current flowing into the page. = 0.2 × 2 × 1.60 × 10–19 × 4 × 105
13 (a) (i) The motor may be overheated. = 2.56 × 10–14 N
(ii) The motor requires a large voltage
to drive.
(iii) The motor is very large in size.
(Or other reasonable answers)
(b) A.c. power source can be used.
(Or other reasonable answers)

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4 Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 4 Electromagnetism

(b) Magnitude of force 6 (a) No, whether the particle carries positive
= Bqv sin θ or negative charge, the electrostatic and
= 0.2 × 1.60 × 10 –19
× 4 × 10 × sin 30°
5
magnetic forces it experiences are
= 6.4 × 10 –15
N opposite. Both cases are possible.
(b) The magnetic force and the electrostatic
force balance each other.
Bqv = qE
v=
(c) The magnetic force is zero since the
=
charge is not moving.
(d) The magnetic force is zero since the
=
direction of motion is along the field.
5 (a) The magnetic force provides the = 2 × 106 m s–1
centripetal force for circular motion. The speed of the particle is 2 × 106 m s–1.
(c) Change the strength of the electric or
By Bqv = ,
magnetic field.
r=
Revision exercise 4
= Concept traps (p.218)
1 F
= 0.022775 m The magnetic field at the centre of a long
 0.0228 m solenoid depends on the number of turns per
The radius of the path is 0.0228 m.
unit length .
(b)
2 T
3 F
v and B are not required to be perpendicular.

Multiple-choice questions (p.218)

(c) Distance travelled = π × 0.022775 4 D
= 0.0715 m 5 B
Time of staying in the field As charge flows from one place to another, a
current is formed and this creates a magnetic
=
field.
=  (1) and (2) are correct.
Light travels outwards from the lightning bolt
= 8.94 × 10–9 s in straight lines.

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 (3) is incorrect. If the charge is positive, both the electrostatic

6 D and magnetic forces are in the upward
The electromagnet applies an attractive force direction. If the charge is negative, both forces
on the bar magnet. To increase the scale are downwards.
reading, the force should be reduced.  (2) is correct.
7 A The magnitudes of the forces and the velocity
Copper is a non-magnetic material and does cannot be deduced from the given
not affect the magnetic field strength. information.
 (1) is incorrect.  (1) and (3) are not necessarily correct.
By B = μ0nI, the field strength can be raised by 13 (HKDSE 2012 Paper 1A Q29)
increasing the number of turns per unit length. 14 (HKDSE 2013 Paper 1A Q26)
 (2) is correct and (3) is incorrect. 15 (HKDSE 2013 Paper 1A Q28)
8 D 16 (HKDSE 2014 Paper 1A Q26)
In (1) and (2), the current through coil Y
increases, while in (3) magnetic field strength Conventional questions (p.220)
through coil Y increases. 17 (a)
9 D
10 A
The magnetic field applies a force on the
electron perpendicular to its motion, so it
(i) (Current out of the page) 1A
accelerates but has no change in kinetic
(ii) (Correct field lines) 1A
energy.
 (1) is incorrect and (2) is correct. (b) Magnetic field = 1M

Since the magnetic force is always

=
perpendicular to the magnetic field, the
component of the electron’s velocity along the = 8 × 10–6 T 1A
magnetic field will never change and thus its 18 (a) P: No field 1A
direction of motion will not become Q: Into page 1A
perpendicular to the field. R: No field 1A
 (3) is incorrect. S: Out of page 1A
11 D
(b) By B = ,
The force between the wires is attractive.
Magnitude of B-field at Q

= 1M

12 B = 5 × 10–6 T 1A

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19 (a) (i) Electromagnet A and resistor R1 are (Wire wound on core and connected to
connected to the battery in parallel. battery correctly) 1A
1A (Correct labels) 1A
Therefore, the voltage across the (c) Iron is the most readily magnetized
electromagnet never changes and it material among the three choices. 1A
keeps attracting the door. 1A The 0.4 m wire with diameter 2 mm has
(ii) R3 should be placed in series with the lowest resistance among the three,
the battery. 1A which results in the largest current and
When the springy metal contacts hence the strongest magnetic field. 1A
are closed, R1 is connected in (thickness of the wire does not affect the
parallel with the electromagnet. number of turns per unit length as the
Their equivalent resistance wire can be wound in multiple layers)
decreases and the electromagnet A higher voltage results in a larger
has a smaller share of voltage. 1A current and hence stronger magnetic
The current passing through the field. 1A
electromagnet decreases, and so the 21 (a) From Y to X 1A
strength of the electromagnet (b) By F = BIl sinθ, 1M
decreases. 1A I=
(b) Make the coils in A more closely spaced.
1A =

By B = , the magnetic field =1A 1A

(c) The magnitude increases 1A
strength increases with . 1A
and the direction remains unchanged.
Or Replace R2 with a resistor of lower 1A
resistance. 1A 22 (a) Magnetic force FB
This increases the current through A and = BQv 1M
increases the magnetic field. 1A = 1.8 × 10–3 × 1.60 × 10–19 × 1.22 × 107
(Or other reasonable answers) = 3.51 × 10–15 N 1A
20 (a) Iron core 1A The direction is downwards. 1A
0.4 m wire with diameter 2 mm 1A (b) Downwards 1A
9–V cell 1A (c) The electrostatic force must balance the
(b) magnetic force.
QE = FB 1M

E=

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4 Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 4 Electromagnetism

24 (a) The rod rolls towards A. 1A

=
(b) (i) Magnetic force
= 2.20 × 10 N C
4 –1
1A = BIl 1M
The field strength is 2.20 × 10 N C .
4 –1
= 0.04 × 5 × 0.035
(d) (i) The electron deflects due to the = 0.007 N (towards A) 1A
magnetic force. 1A (ii) Magnetic force
(ii) It performs uniform circular motion = BIl = 1M
in the clockwise direction. 1A
The magnetic force provides the = 0.014 N
centripetal force. Therefore, The direction is at 60° to AB. 1A
(c) For a higher resistance, the current will
BQv = 1M
be smaller 1A
and hence the magnetic force will be
r=
smaller. 1A
= 25 (a) When a current flows through the coil, a
magnetic field is set up. 1A
= 0.0386 m 1A The coil becomes an electromagnet and
The radius of the path is 0.0386 m. the coil and the frame are attracted
23 (a) The poles of the electromagnet which towards the soft-iron block. 1A
have the greatest attractive force are not The scale reading thus increases.
facing the materials to be sorted. 1A (b) Compress the coil so that the turns are
The design can be improved by (anyone closer to each other. 1A
of the following): 1A Use a thicker wire to reduce the
Turning the electromagnet by 90 so that resistance of the coil. 1A
one end of the coil faces the materials to (Or other reasonable answers)
be sorted. (c) Replace the soft-iron block by a
Using a U-shape core in the permanent magnet. 1A
electromagnet with both ends facing the By doing so, the coil is attracted towards
materials to be sorted. the magnet when current flow in one
(b) Steel retains part of its magnetic direction 1A
property after the external magnetic field and is repelled by the magnet when
is removed. 1A current flow in the other direction. 1A
This can be solved by replacing the steel 26 (a) The rider should be placed on XY. 1A
core by an iron core. 1A By Fleming’s left-hand rule, the wire XY
(c) Increase the current. 1A experiences a magnetic force pointing
Increase the number of turns per unit upwards. 1A
length in the coil. 1A (b) Magnetic force = weight of rider

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4 Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 4 Electromagnetism

= mg 1M (d) I2 = 5I1 = 5  2 = 10 A 1M
= 0.002 × 9.81 Magnetic force per unit length
= 0.0196 N 1A
= 1M
(c) By F = BIl, 1M
d=l= = = 0.0327 m 1A =

(d) (i) The rider should be put on WZ 1A = 1.33 × 10–4 N 1A

because the direction of the 28 (a) It vibrates a few times 1A
magnetic force is reversed. 1A and comes to rest lying along the
(ii) The rider should be put between Y vertical. 1A
and the support. / A lighter rider (b) Use a split-ring. 1A
should be used. 1A (c) (i) Force on one side of coil
Since the magnetic field is not = BIl 1M
perpendicular to the current, by = 0.02 × 3 × 0.06
, the magnetic force = 3.6 × 10–3 N
decreases. 1A The magnetic forces acting on the
27 (a) Same as I1 1A two side of the coil form a couple.

(b) (i) By B = , 1M
Moment of coil
B1 = (r constant) 1M = Fl 1M
= 3.6 × 10 × 0.04
–3

r= = 1.44 × 10–4 N m 1A
(ii) Since the coil is always parallel to

= the magnetic field, 1A

moment of coil
= 0.005 m 1A = 1.44 × 10–4 N m 1A
(ii) Into page 1A (d) Any two of the following: 1A + 1A
(c) At P, the magnetic field produced by I1 Use stronger magnets.
has the same magnitude as that produced Increase the current.
by I2. Increase the area of the coil within the
magnetic field.
= 1M
Increase the number of turns of the coil.
Use a soft-iron armature with several
= = = =
coils.
29 (a) The magnetic forces act along the plane
of the coil and have no turning effect.
1A 1A

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The coil should not be vertical before the

=
switch is closed. 1A
(b) The commutator reverses the direction = 8.15 × 10–8 s 1A
of the current through the coil every half The period is 8.15 × 10 s.
–8

turn 1A 31 (HKCEE 2007 Paper 1 Q11)

so that the coil always turns in the same 32 (HKALE 2007 Paper 1 Q3)
direction. 1A 33 (HKDSE 2013 Paper 1B Q4)
(c) A practical motor use curved magnets so
that the coils stay longer in parallel with Experiment questions (p.225)
the magnetic field. 1A 34 Bring them close to each other pair-by-pair.
(Or other reasonable answers) The two bars which are neither attracted nor
(d) Replace the permanent magnets with repelled by any of the other are the copper
electromagnets that are connected to the bars. 1A
a.c. power supply. 1A Two of them may attract each other, but repel
When the direction of the current each other if one of them is reversed. They are
through the coil reverses, the direction of the bar magnets. 1A
the magnetic field also reverses. 1A The remaining two bars are the iron bars. 1A
As a result, the direction of the magnetic (Or other reasonable answers)
force will not reverse due to the 35 (HKCEE 2011 Paper 1 Q6)
alternating current. 1A Physics in article (p.225)
30 (a) No, 1A 36 (a) Opposite 1A
the magnetic force is always (b) No, 1A
perpendicular to the direction of motion the currents in the live and the neutral
of the particle. 1A wires always flow in opposite directions.
(b) No change 1A 1A
(c) (i) Uniform circular motion 1A (c) If there is a leakage of current, the
(ii) The magnetic force provides the ground fault interrupter can cut off the
centripetal force. power immediately while an earth wire

1M may not be able to do so. 1A

(d) No. 1A
As long as the current in the live and the
neutral wires remains the same, the
T= 1M interrupter does not response. Hence, it
cannot detect a large current due to a
=
short circuit. 1A

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