HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)

Part II Microscopic world I

Chemistry: Chapter 7 Chemical bonding: ionic bonding and metallic bonding

Combined Science (Chemistry Part): Chapter 7 Chemical bonding: ionic bonding and
metallic bonding

Multiple-choice questions

Sections 7.17.2
|!|CMEMF0020700001|!| |!|CSEMF0020700001|!|
In magnesium chloride, Mg2+ ion forms by
A. gaining two protons from the chlorine atoms.
B. losing two outermost shell electrons from magnesium atom.
C. losing two outermost shell electrons from the magnesium ion.
D. gaining two electrons from the outermost shell of another magnesium atom.

##B Magnesium atom has 12 positively charged protons and 12 negatively charged
electrons. The atom loses two electrons and forms a positively charged Mg2+ ion.##

|!|CMEMF0020700002|!| |!|CSEMF0020700002|!|
Which of the following statements about a magnesium atom and a magnesium ion is
correct?
A. Both of them have 12 protons in the nucleus.
B. Both of them have the same chemical properties.
C. Both of them have two outermost shell electrons.
D. Both of them have the same physical properties.

##A Atom and its ion have different physical and chemical properties. Mg atom has
two outermost shell electrons while Mg2+ ion has eight outermost shell electrons.##

|!|CMEMF0020700003|!| |!|CSEMF0020700003|!|
When potassium forms an ion, the electronic arrangement of the potassium ion is
A. 2, 8, 8, 2.
B. 2, 8, 8, 1.
C. 2, 8, 8.
D. 2, 8, 7.

##C A potassium atom has 19 electrons, with an electronic arrangement of 2, 8, 8, 1.
It forms K+ ion by losing one electron to attain a stable octet structure.##

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|!|CMEMF0020700004|!| |!|CSEMF0020700004|!|
Which of the following particles has 19 protons, 18 electrons and 20 neutrons?
A.
B.
C.
D.

##B The atomic number of K is19. As there is one more proton than electron, the
particle should have a positive charge.##

|!|CMEMF0020700005|!| |!|CSEMF0020700005|!|
The electronic configuration of the ion of a Group II metal X is 2, 8. The mass number
of X is 24. The ion of X has
A. 10 protons, 14 neutrons and 10 electrons.
B. 10 protons, 12 neutrons and 10 electrons.
C. 12 protons, 12 neutrons and 10 electrons.
D. 12 protons, 14 neutrons and 12 electrons.

##C Number of protons of atom X = number of electrons of atom X = 12
Number of neutrons of atom X = 24  12 = 12
Number of electrons of ion of X = 2 + 8 = 10##

|!|CMEMF0020700006|!| |!|CSEMF0020700006|!|
Which of the following statements about a calcium ion are correct?
(1) It has the same number of electrons as a neon atom.
(2) It has the same number of electrons as a potassium ion.
(3) It has the same number of protons as a calcium atom.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##C##

|!|CMEMH0020700007|!| |!|CSEMH0020700007|!|
An atom W has 12 electrons and its mass number is 24. Which of the following
combinations showing the number of protons and neutrons of an ion W2+ is correct?

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Number of protons Number of neutrons

A. 12 12
B. 10 10
C. 10 12
D. 12 10

2+
##A The numbers of protons and neutrons of atom W and ion W are the same. The
number of protons is equal to the number of electrons (i.e. 12). The number of
neutrons = mass number  number of protons = 24  12 = 12.##

|!|CMEMH0020700008|!| |!|CSEMH0020700008|!|
Which of the following statements about an isotope are correct?
(1) It has 13 electrons.
(2) It is a Period 3 element.
(3) It reacts with oxygen to form a covalent compound.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##A The electronic arrangement of Z is 2, 8, 3. It is a Group III metal, which reacts
with oxygen to form an ionic compound.##

|!|CMEMH0020700009|!| |!|CSEMH0020700009|!|
is an isotope of sulphur. Which of the following combinations about the number
of subatomic particles in the sulphide ion formed from this isotope is correct?
Number of protons Number of electrons Number of neutrons
A. 16 18 16
B. 16 18 18
C. 16 16 18
D. 18 16 20

2
##B Number of protons in S = 16
Number of electrons in S2 = 16 + 2 = 18
Number of neutrons in S2 = mass number  atomic number = 34 – 16 = 18##

|!|CMEMF0020700010|!| |!|CSEMF0020700010|!|

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Which of the following particles have an octet structure?

(1) H+
(2) K+
(3) P3
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##C Hydrogen ion does not contain any electrons.##

|!|CMEMF0020700011|!| |!|CSEMF0020700011|!|
The table below gives the atomic numbers of four atoms.

Atom Atomic number

P 17
Q 18
R 19
S 20

Which of the above atoms can form an ion with a charge of +1?
A. P
B. Q
C. R
D. S

##C Atom R with 19 protons (atomic number = number of protons) has 19 electrons.
Its electronic arrangement is 2, 8, 8, 1. It can attain a stable octet structure by losing
one electron to form an ion with +1 charge.##

|!|CMEMF0020700012|!| |!|CSEMF0020700012|!|
The diagrams below show the electronic diagrams of four atoms. Which of the
following atoms can form an ion with a charge of +1?
A.

B.

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C.

D.


##C Atom R has one outermost shell electron. Therefore it loses one electron to form
an ion with a charge of +1.##

|!|CMEMH0020700013|!| |!|CSEMH0020700013|!|
An element Y has 11 protons and 12 neutrons in its nucleus. Which of the following
symbols for an ion of Y is correct?
A.
B.
C.
D.

##B The atomic number and mass number of Y are 11 and 23 respectively. The
electronic arrangement of Y is 2, 8, 1. Thus, Y forms Y+ by losing one electron to attain
a stable octet.##

|!|CMEMF0020700014|!| |!|CSEMF0020700014|!|
The mass number of atom L is 19. L forms an anion with a charge of 1. If the
number of neutrons in the anion is 10, what is the number of electrons in the anion?
A. 9
B. 10
C. 11
D. 12

##B Number of electrons in atom L = 19  10 = 9
Number of electrons in the anion of L = 9 + 1 = 10##

|!|CMEMF0020700015|!| |!|CSEMF0020700015|!|
Which of the following descriptions about a chloride ion is correct?
Number of protons Number of neutrons Number of electrons

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A. 16 18 18
B. 16 18 17
C. 17 17 17
D. 17 18 18

##D Chlorine has an atomic number of 17. Since chloride ion has a charge of 1, it
should have 1 more electron than a chlorine atom.##

|!|CMEMH0020700016|!| |!|CSEMH0020700016|!|
The atomic symbol of osmium-192 is . What is the number of neutrons and
electrons in an osmium(III) cation formed from osmium-192?
Number of neutrons Number of electrons
A. 116 73
B. 114 73
C. 118 76
D. 116 76

##A Number of electrons in osmium(III) cation = 76  3 = 73
Number of neutrons remains unchanged (192  76 = 116 ) in the formation of ions.##

|!|CMEMF0020700017|!| |!|CSEMF0020700017|!|
Which of the following species has the same number of electrons as a sodium atom?
A. Mg+
B. Ne
C. K+
D. Cl

##A The number of electrons of Mg+ is 11 which is the same as that in a sodium
atom.##

|!|CMEMF0020700018|!| |!|CSEMF0020700018|!|
Which of the following ions have the same number of electrons as an argon atom?
(1) F
(2) Ca2+
(3) S2
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only

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C. (2) and (3) only

D. (1), (2) and (3)

##C##

|!|CMEMF0020700019|!| |!|CSEMF0020700019|!|
Which of the following pairs of atoms/ions has the same number of electrons?
A. Na+ and Cl
B. Ca2+ and O2
C. Al3+ and Ne
D. S2 and F

##C Both Al3+ and Ne have 10 electrons.##

|!|CMEMF0020700020|!| |!|CSEMF0020700020|!|
Which of the following species has the electronic arrangement of 2, 8?
(1) Ne
(2) F
(3) Al3+
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##D##

|!|CMEMF0020700021|!| |!|CSEMF0020700021|!|
Which of the following pairs of particles do NOT have the same number of electrons?
A. Ne and F
B. Li+ and Be2+
C. Cl and Ar
D. Na+ and Cl

##D##

|!|CMEMH0020700022|!| |!|CSEMH0020700022|!|
The table below shows the numbers of neutrons and electrons in five atoms/ions:

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Number of
Atom/ion
neutrons electrons
X 8 8
Y 8 6
2+
Z 12 10
Q2 9 10
R+ 12 10

Which of the following atoms is an isotope of X?

A. Y

B. Z

C. Q

D. R

##C##

Section 7.3
|!|CMEMF0020700023|!| |!|CSEMF0020700023|!|
When sodium atoms and chlorine atoms react to form an ionic compound, which of
the following statements is/are correct?
(1) One electron is transferred from chlorine atom to sodium atom.
(2) Electrostatic attraction exists between cations and anions in the ionic compound.
(3) The compound formed is electrically neutral.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##D Electron is transferred from sodium atoms to chlorine atoms.##

|!|CMEMF0020700024|!| |!|CSEMF0020700024|!|
Which of the following species has the same number of protons as ammonium ion?
A. Na
B. N3
C. Al3+
D. Ne

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
##A##

Section 7.4
|!|CMEMF0020700025|!| |!|CSEMF0020700025|!|
Which of the following is the electron diagram (showing electrons in the outermost
shell only) of sodium chloride?
A.

B.

C.

D.


##B##

|!|CMEMF0020700026|!| |!|CSEMF0020700026|!|
Which of the following statements about the ionic bond in ammonium chloride is
correct?
A. It forms by the transfer of electrons from metal atoms to non-metal atoms.
B. It is the electrostatic attraction between ammonium ions and chloride ions.
C. It forms by the sharing of electrons between nitrogen atom and chlorine
atom.
D. It is directional.

##B Ammonium chloride is an ionic compound. Ionic bond is found between NH4+
ions and Cl ions.##

|!|CMEMF0020700027|!| |!|CSEMF0020700027|!|
The table below shows the electronic arrangement of four elements.

Element Electronic arrangement

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W 2, 8, 8, 1
X 2, 8, 7
Y 2, 8
Z 2, 4

Which of the above elements can form an ionic compound with bromine?
A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z

##A Only metals can form ionic compounds with bromine. Element W is a Group I
metal.##

|!|CMEMF0020700028|!| |!|CSEMF0020700028|!|
L is an element in Group VII of the Periodic Table. Atoms of L form L ions. Which of
the following statements is/are correct?
(1) Both L atom and L ion have the same number of electron shells.
(2) L atoms and L ions have different nuclear charges.
(3) The number of electrons of L increases when L ions form from L atoms.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##C L atom and L ion have the same number of protons and thus the same nuclear
charge. L gains an electron when it forms ion.##

|!|CMEMF0020700029|!| |!|CSEMF0020700029|!|
X is a Group VII element. Which of the following statements about X must be correct?
A. X needs one more electron to attain an octet structure.
B. X reacts with metal to form an ionic compound.
C. It reacts with non-metal to form a covalent compound.
D. It must be a gas at room conditions.

##A X has seven outermost shell electrons. It needs one more electron to attain the
octet. Not all halogens are gases. For example, iodine is a solid at room conditions.##

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|!|CMEMF0020700030|!| |!|CSEMF0020700030|!|
The diagram below shows the electron diagram of a compound formed between
element X and element Y.

Which of the following combination is correct?

Element X Element Y
A. Ca O
B. C S
C. K Br
D. Mg Cl

##D A magnesium ion has +2 charge and a chloride ion has 1 charge. A Cl atom
gains one electron transferred from an Mg atom to form a stable compound.##

|!|CMEMF0020700031|!| |!|CSEMF0020700031|!|
Which of the following pairs of elements will most probably give an ionic compound?
A. Group I element and Group 0 element
B. Group II element and Group III element
C. Group I element and Group VII element
D. Group IV element and Group VI element

##C Group I elements are metals while group VII elements are non-metals. Ionic
compounds are usually formed by metals and non-metals.##

|!|CMEMF0020700032|!| |!|CSEMF0020700032|!|
Which of the following pairs of elements can react to form an ionic compound?
A. Bromine and nitrogen
B. Bromine and sodium
C. Nitrogen and argon
D. Sodium and argon

##B Metal reacts with non-metal to give an ionic compound.##

|!|CMEMF0020700033|!| |!|CSEMF0020700033|!|
Which of the following statements about ionic bonds are correct?

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(1) They form by the transfer of one or more protons from one atom (or group of
atoms) to another.
(2) They are non-directional.
(3) They are strong.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##C Ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom
to another.##

|!|CMEMF0020700034|!| |!|CSEMF0020700034|!|
The electron diagram of the compound formed between element S and element T is
shown below (only outermost shell electrons are shown).

How many electrons are there in the outermost shell of a S atom and a T atom?
S T
A. 2 3
B. 3 2
C. 3 6
D. 2 8

##C##

|!|CMEMF0020700035|!| |!|CSEMF0020700035|!|
Elements P and Q react to form a compound with the following electron diagram
(only outermost shell electrons are shown):

Which of the following combinations is correct?

P Q
A. Carbon Oxygen
B. Potassium Oxygen

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C. Calcium Sulphur
D. Oxygen Sulphur

##C P is a Group II element.##

Section 7.5
|!|CMEMF0020700036|!| |!|CSEMF0020700036|!|
Which of the following combinations is correct?
Name Formula
A. Magnesium nitrate MgNO3
B. Aluminium oxide Al2O3
C. Ammonium chloride NH3Cl
D. Sodium carbonate NaCO3

##B The formulae of magnesium nitrate, ammonium chloride and sodium carbonate
are Mg(NO3)2, NH4Cl and Na2CO3 respectively.##

|!|CMEMF0020700037|!| |!|CSEMF0020700037|!|
Element Y combines with oxygen to form an oxide, Y2O3. Element Y belongs to
A. Group I.
B. Group II.
C. Group III.
D. Group IV.

##C Based on the formula Y2O3 , element Y should belong to either Group III or
Group V.##

|!|CMEMH0020700038|!| |!|CSEMH0020700038|!|
X and Y are two elements with 13 protons and 8 protons respectively. They react to
form a compound with the formula of
A. X3Y.
B. X3Y2.
C. XY3.
D. X2Y3.

##D The electronic arrangement of X and Y are 2, 8, 3 and 2, 6 respectively. To attain
stable octet, an X atom should lose 3 electrons and a Y atom should gain two

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electrons. Hence, two X atoms transfer six electrons to three Y atoms to form a stable
compound, X2Y3.##

|!|CMEMF0020700039|!| |!|CSEMF0020700039|!|
Y forms an oxide with a formula Y2O3. The formula of the nitrate of Y is
A. Y2NO3.
B. Y(NO3)3.
C. Y3NO3.
D. YNO3.

##B The charge of oxide ion is 2 and the chemical formula of the oxide is Y2O3.
Hence, the charge of Y ion is +3.##

|!|CMEMF0020700040|!| |!|CSEMF0020700040|!|
Elements X and Y react to form an ionic compound with the formula Y3X. If the
electronic arrangement of Y is 2, 8, 8, 1, which group does X belong to in the Periodic
Table?
A. Group III
B. Group V
C. Group VI
D. Group VII

##B##

|!|CMEMF0020700041|!| |!|CSEMF0020700041|!|
L is an element in the Period 4 of the Periodic Table. L forms a chloride with the
formula LCl2. The formula of the sulphate of L is
A. L2SO4.
B. L(SO4)2.
C. LSO4.
D. L2(SO4)3.

##C L is a Group II element.##

|!|CMEMH0020700042|!| |!|CSEMH0020700042|!|
Ionic compound P has the formula L2X, where L and X represent the cation and anion
respectively. If both L and X have the same electronic arrangement, P may be
A. sulphur trioxide.

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B. sodium sulphide.
C. potassium sulphide.
D. magnesium oxide.

##C L is a Group I element while X is a Group VI element. Since the ions of L and X
have the same electronic arrangement, P can be sodium oxide or potassium
sulphide.##

|!|CMEMH0020700043|!| |!|CSEMH0020700043|!|
MN2 is the formula of ionic compound X. Both M and N have the same electronic
arrangement in the compound. Compound X would be
A. calcium chloride.
B. carbon dioxide.
C. magnesium bromide.
D. sodium fluoride.

##A The electronic arrangement of Ca2+ and Cl ions are both 2, 8, 8.##

|!|CMEMF0020700044|!| |!|CSEMF0020700044|!|
The atomic number of an element L is 7. What is the formula of the compound formed
by calcium and L?
A. CaL
B. Ca2L
C. Ca3L2
D. Ca2L3

##C The electronic arrangement of L is 2, 5. The ion of L has a charge of 3.##

|!|CMEMF0020700045|!| |!|CSEMF0020700045|!|
The formula for the oxide of caesium metal is Cs2O. Which of the following is the
formula of caesium hydrogencarbonate?
A. HCO3Cs
B. CsHCO3
C. Cs2HCO3
D. Cs(HCO3)2

##B##

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|!|CMEMF0020700046|!| |!|CSEMF0020700046|!|
An atom of element A has 8 neutrons. The mass number of A is 15. An atom of
element Z has 12 electrons. What is the chemical formula of the compound formed
between the two elements?
A. ZA
B. Z2A
C. Z2A3
D. Z3A2

##D The atomic number of the atom of A is 15  8 = 7. It is a nitrogen atom. The
atomic number of the atom of Z is 12. It is a magnesium atom. Magnesium nitride has
the formula Mg3N2.##

|!|CMEMF0020700047|!| |!|CSEMF0020700047|!|
L is an element. It forms an anion L2 that has an electronic arrangement 2, 8. Which
of the following statements concerning L is/are correct?
(1) L is a liquid at room temperature and pressure.
(2) Magnesium burns in L with a dazzling white flame.
(3) L is in Period 2 of the Periodic Table.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##D The electronic arrangement of atom L is 2, 6. L is oxygen, which is a gas at
room conditions.##

Section 7.6
|!|CMEMF0020700048|!| |!|CSEMF0020700048|!|
Which of the following combinations is correct?
Ion Colour
A. Copper(II) ion Reddish brown
B. Cobalt(II) ion Pink
C. Dichromate ion Yellow
D. Permanganate ion Orange

##B The colour of copper(II) ion, dichromate ion and permanganate ion are blue,

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orange and purple respectively.##

|!|CMEMF0020700049|!| |!|CSEMF0020700049|!|
Which of the following ions are coloured?
(1) Cu2+(aq)
(2) Cr2O72(aq)
(3) K+(aq)
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##A K+(aq) is colourless.##

|!|CMEMF0020700050|!| |!|CSEMF0020700050|!|
The table below shows the colour of the aqueous solution of three compounds.

Compound Colour of the solution

PQ blue
RS orange
RQ colourless

Which of the following combinations about the ions involved is likely to be correct?
P2+(aq) Q2(aq) R2+(aq) S2(aq)
A. Co2+ SO42 Fe2+ Cr2O72
B. Co2+ SO42 Mg2+ Cr2O72
C. Cu2+ SO42 Mg2+ Cr2O72
D. Cu2+ Cr2O72 Fe2+ SO42

2+ 2
##C Since RQ is colourless, R (aq) and Q (aq) are both colourless. As RS is orange
in colour, S2(aq) should be orange in colour, which can be Cr2O72(aq). As PQ is blue
in colour, P2+(aq) should be blue in colour, which can be Cu2+(aq).##

|!|CMEMF0020700051|!| |!|CSEMF0020700051|!|
The colours of the aqueous solutions of three ionic compounds are shown below.

Compound Colour of solution

AB blue
CD yellow

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CB colourless

Which of the following ions is/are likely colourless?

(1) C2(aq)
(2) D2+(aq)
(3) B2+(aq)
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

2 2+
##C As CB solution is colourless, both C (aq) and B (aq) are colourless. As CD
solution is yellow in colour and C2(aq) is colourless, D2+(aq) is yellow in colour.##

|!|CMEMH0020700052|!| |!|CSEMH0020700052|!|
Consider the following set-up about the migration of ions.
small crystal of copper(II) dichromate

electrode A electrode B

Which of the following observations is correct?

A. Purple spot moves towards electrode A.
B. Blue spot moves towards electrode B.
C. Orange spot moves towards electrode B.
D. There is no observable change.

##B Copper(II) ions are blue in colour and positively charged, which move towards
the negative electrode (electrode B). Dichromate ions are orange in colour and
negatively charged. They move towards the positive electrode (electrode A).##

Section 7.7
|!|CMEMF0020700053|!| |!|CSEMF0020700053|!|
Which of the following statements about metallic bond is correct?
A. It is the electrostatic attraction between the metal atoms.
B. It is the electrostatic attraction between the metal ions.

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part II Microscopic world I

C. It is the electrostatic attraction between the metal atoms and delocalized

electrons.
D. It is the electrostatic attraction between the metal ions and delocalized
electrons.

##D##

|!|CMEMF0020700054|!| |!|CSEMF0020700054|!|
Which of the following statements about the electrical conductivity of metals are
correct?
(1) Metals can conduct electricity in solid state.
(2) When metal conducts electricity, there is no chemical change in the metal.
(3) Mobile metal ions are responsible for the electrical conduction of metals.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##A Delocalized electrons are responsible for the electrical conduction of metals.##

|!|CMEMF0020700055|!| |!|CSEMF0020700055|!|
Which of the following statements about ionic bonds and metallic bonds are correct?
(1) They are electrostatic in nature.
(2) They are both non-directional.
(3) They form by the transfer of electrons.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##A Ionic bonds form by the transfer of electrons between atoms whereas metallic
bonds form between the metal ions and electrons. There is no transfer of electrons
between metal atoms in metals.##

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