أداة الإصدار + الدليل الفني لمراقبة تنفيذ أعمال الطرق واختبارات مواد الرصف

Machine Translated by Google

The technical manual for monitoring
the execution of road works
And the tests of Al-Rasf materials
AD1441 AH - 2019
contents
1 - Scope and limits of application 11................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ...
1-1 application scope 11................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ............
2-1 Zone 11 exceptions................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ......
2 - Monitoring the implementation of road works................................................... ................................................ .............................................. 13
13 1-2 Preparatory stage ............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ...
2-2 Executive stage 14................................................... ................................................ ................................................ ...
3-2 Monitoring the implementation of road works 18................................................. ................................................ ........................................
2-4 Greedy of the quantities used 26................................................. ................................................ ..............................................
5-2 Reporting 26................................................... ................................................ ................................................ ...........
3- Tests of road construction materials 31................................... ................................................ ................................................
1-3 The engineering properties of materials 31................................................. ................................................ ........................................
2-3 types of samples 31................................................... ................................................ ................................................ ............. 3-3
Sampling places 32............................... ................................................ ................................................ ..................
4-3 Level 36 Tests................................................. ................................................ ................................................ .........
3-5 Al-Rakam tests................................................... ................................................ ................................................ ........ 50
3-6 Asphalt tests and asphalt mixes................................................. ................................................ ............... 63
3-7 The inspections carried out on the Balt 99............................................... ................................................ .........................
3-8 The tests carried out on cement blocks, mortars, and mortars................................................... ..... 102
4 - Renewal period and property and reference rights 105............................................. ................................................ .................
5 - References 107................................................... ................................................ ................................................ ..........................

Index of tables
Table (3-1-3) test rates, locations and sample sizes 32................................................. ................................................ ..
Table (1-1-4-3) required weights of soil grains according to sieve volume 36 ...................................
Digit table: (1-2-4-3) limit account 39................................. ................................................ ...................................
Digit table: (2-2-4-3) Hadd al-Dunah account 40................................... ................................................ ...................................
Number table: (1-3-4-3) Al-Makhal numbers and measurements 40................................. ................................................ ....................
Table (1-5-4-3) the difference between the devices used in the Dammak method................................. ................................... 43
Table (1-7-4-3) relative density value with soil condition 45................................. ................................................ ................
Table (2-7-4-3) size and weight of molds according to the largest grain in the soil 46 ............................................
Table (3-7-4-3) preparation of samples according to the largest grain in the soil 47 ................................................ ....
Table (1-8-4-3) specific weight according to the type of soil47 ................................................ ........................
Table (1-9-4-3) value of tolerance (CBR) 49................................. ................................................ ...................................
Table (2-9-4-3) account of tolerance ratio (CBR) 49................................. ................................................ ................................
Table (3-1-5-1) the weight of the coarse aggregate sample according to the maximum volume of the kiss................................ ........................................ 51
Table (2-1-5-3) example of calculation of smoothness coefficient................................... ................................................ ................... 51
Table (1-2-5-3) weight of coarse aggregates 53....................................... ................................................ ..............................................
Table (1-3-5-3) the weight of the sample to determine the resistance of Albari Leh 54 ................................................ ..
Table (2-3-5-3) Granular Grading for Al-Akhbar samples to determine the resistance of Albari 54 ...................
Table (1-4-5-3) the weight of coarse aggregates according to the sieve and corrosion rate of the aggregates................................ ...................................... 56
Table (1-5-5-3) the minimum dry weight of the sample against the maximum volume of granules 57 ........................................
Table (1-6-5-3) required weight for test samples to determine the mass of gold and easy-to-trace grains in 58 pieces.
Table (2-6-5-3) the volume of al-Makhal al-Zamah al-Zalama al-Zalah al-Maltamin, the gold mass and the easy-to-find grains.............................. 59
Table (1-8-5-3) the volume of the required amount according to the maximum size of the coarse grains. ................. 62
Table number (2-8-5-3) required temperatures according to the maximum size of coarse grains............................ ...... 62
Table (3-1-6-1) of the standards used to determine the degree of fineness of bituminous materials 66 ......................
Table (2-1-6-3) the maximum difference between the values obtained by the Gharz test. ............. 67
Table (3-1-6-3) of the criteria for accepting the results of viscosity tests 73................................... ................................................ .............
Table (4-1-6-3) standard specifications of 74 viscosity oils............................................. ................................................ ...........
Table (1-2-6-3) of the minimum weight and area of the sample with the validity of the total size of 81 ..............................................
Table (2-2-6-3) Weight of Aladdin Asphalt sample for extraction 84.................................... ................................................ .....
Table (3-2-6-3) the weight of the uncompacted asphalt mixture sample 87 ...................................
Table (4-2-6-3) correction factor according to the height of the sample 90 ................................................ .............
Table (5-2-6-3) requirements for the content of the report................................... ................................................ ............................... 92
Table (6-2-6-3) content of the report................................... ................................................ .............................................. 93
Table (1-3-7-3) of the approved temperature levels in al-Akhtbar al-Halumi .................................... ............................................ 97
Table (2-3-7-3) axial pressure levels in 1998................................... ................................................ ........................
Table (4-3-7-3) levels of extreme stress in 1998................................... ................................................ ...................................
Index of forms
Figure (1-2-4-3) about Atterberg on the Alma'i content scale 37.................................... ................................................ ..
Figure (2-2-4-3) Atterberg 37 device...................................... ................................................ ................................................ .......
Figure (3-2-4-3-b) ................................................ ................................................ ....................... 38
Figure (3-2-4-3-C)...................................... ................................................ ................................................ ....................... 38
Fig. (3-2-4-3-A) Limit device................................... ................................................ ............................................ 38
Figure (3-2-4-3) Casajerandi device and (ASTM 4318D) device). ................................................ ........ 38
Figure (4-2-4-3) typical data from the Atterberg 40 experiment................................... ................................................ ..........
Figure (1-9-4-3) California 49 Proportion Determination Device................................... ................................................ ............................
Figure (3-1-5-1) standard climates................................... ................................................ .............................................. 50
Figure (1-2-5-3) of the tools used to determine the weight 52................................... ................................................ ...................
Figure (1-3-5-3) Los Angeles material corrosion warning device 55 ................................................ ...........
Figure (1-7-5-3) device for determining the reward of sand 60................................... ................................................ ..........................
Figure (2-7-5-3) of the containers used to determine the weight of the unit volume of materials 61 ...................................
Figure (3-1-6-1) Cleveland device 64....................................... ................................................ ................................................ ....
Figure (2-1-6-3) Gharz test needle................................... ................................................ ................................................ 65
Figure (3-1-6-3-A) Viscosity scale I type (Canon-Finsk) Al-Musta'arej 69 ................................
Figure (3-1-6-3-b) Viscosity scale of the type (Zitfus) Zul-ul-Ra'at 69 ..............................................
Figure (3-1-6-3-D) Viscosity scale with reverse inclinations 71 ................................................ .........
Figure (3-1-6-3-3) Viscosity scale of the type (Elnetz-Zitfos) 71................................. ................................................ .......
Figure (3-1-6-3) Viscosity scale 72................................... ................................................ ................................................
Figure (3-1-6-7-7) American modified poetic viscosity scale of Kuber 77 ........................................
Figure (3-7-1-6-3b) Poetic Viscosity Scale with vacuum of Asphalt Institute 77................................. ................................
Figure (3-1-6-7-7) Poetic Viscosity Scale with vacuum of Asphalt Institute 78................................. ................................
Fig. (7-1-6-3) Capillary Viscosity Scale with Vacuum 78................................... ................................................ ..................
Figure (3-1-6-7-7) vacuum viscosity scale of Lacanon Manj 78................................. ........................................
Figure (3-8-1-6-A) Asphalt cooling device - ring with 80 edges............................... ................................................
Figure (3-8-1-6-c) Asphalt hardness test device - ring carrier 80................................. ................................................
Figure (8-1-6-3-B) Asphalt moisture level device - reason for determining the center of the ball 80 ..............................
Figure (8-1-6-3) Al-Asphalt 80 cooling device................................... ................................................ ..........................
Figure (3-2-6-3) Representative samples taken from mixed mixtures at the same location ........ 82
Figure (2-2-6-3) representative samples taken during the clearing................................... ................................................ ......... 82
Figure (1-2-6-3) representative samples taken at the production sites by laboratory ................... 82
Figure (4-2-6-3) Extraction device pot................................................ ................................................ ...................................... 83
Figure (5-2-6-3) Marshall Apparatus Stability Marshall (89) ..............................................
Figure (3-6-2-6) Determining the percentage of Asphalt of Al-Mathlem 91................................... ................................................ ..............................
Fig. (7-2-6-3) Marshall's device................................... ................................................ ................................................ ... 92

Figure (1-7-3) represents the principle of operation of the modern method for determining the asphalt mixture (Superpave) 94 ....
Figure (2-7-3) represents the experiences of the modern method for determining the asphalt mixture in 1994. ..............................
Figure (3-1-7-1) Aldurani Viscosity Scale ..................................... ................................................ .............................. 95
Figure (1-2-7-3) Al-Qus al-Dynamic device 96................................... ................................................ ...................................
Figure (1-3-7-3) Superpave device for dynamic dancing ................................................ ............. 97
Fig. (2-3-7-3) Superpave device of Al-Khatbar Al-Shad indirect 99.................................... ................................................ ...
Fig. (1-4-8-3) Naphthalic and Concavity Testing Device in Balt................................. ................................................ 102
Introduction
Among the strategic goals of the Kingdom's Vision 2030, enabling a prosperous and healthy life by promoting traffic safety. One of the
main factors for safety is the quality of road pavements, especially urban roads under the supervision and responsibility of the Ministry
of Municipal and Rural Affairs. Therefore, according to the Ministry's agency for technical affairs, updating and developing the previous
manuals, the manual for road technical inspectors, and the expert manual for road construction, and since these manuals are specific to
road paving works and directed to the authorities and municipalities, the ministry agency has decided to integrate the manual into a
single manual as the technical manual for monitoring the implementation of road works and tests. Road construction materials.
The first part is specific to monitoring the implementation of road works, where it focuses on the technical supervision of the roads in the
deputy and the participation of the engineer in all phases of the project. In order to achieve this goal, there is a need for a document that
describes the methodology of the supervisor's action and defines his duties and responsibilities, starting from the beginning of the
preparatory phase and the procedures for the timely delivery of the contract, going through the implementation steps and administrative
procedures until the end of the initial procurement process for the project. To the desired location.
And in line with the prevailing trend in the developed countries, in the modernization process, the scope of action of general auditors in
the previous edition was expanded by adding the following tasks:
Reviewing the designs to ensure that there is no conflict between the design documents, and providing recommendations to the
engineer, especially the necessary modifications.
Detection of field tests and manufacturing sites on materials and equipment and follow-up calibration of special electronic devices
and equipment.
Quality guarantor: timely and accurate inspection of completed works

Assistant to the supervising engineer in reviewing the priorities of the projects, including scheduling and accompaniment,
implementation plan, executive plans, plans according to implementation, etc.
Follow up on periodic reporting and the guide adds details in this update about the frequency of reporting, contents, etc...
Social media and record keeping.
Inspection, inspection and preparation of the final application.
Comprehensive programs for safety, security and fire protection.
As for the second part of the guide, it includes the types of tests that are performed on the materials of road classes, specifications, and
devices, and the methods of performing them, as well as the rates of tests required by the laws. It includes the guide to tests conducted
on grade, aggregate, asphalt and asphalt mixtures, and also concrete and bricks. Kam includes chapters especially about the modern
asphalt mixtures (Superpave) and special tests. method of determining
And the main differences in this part from the previous guide can be summarized in the following points:
Updating the technical specifications that are carried out according to the tests and adopting the latest specifications issued by the
famous international bodies: (ASTM) and (AASHTO) and (Institute Asphalt).
Carrying out a comprehensive review of all the equations and models contained in the manual with updates for integration. The
current standards approved by me before the world authorities
correctness of the content of the guide and the relevance of the international standards and It is necessary to verify the
benchmarks referred to in the different sections.

The first chapter of
the scope and scope of the application

The reason for the parking decision
- The scope and limits of the application
-11 scope of application
This guide is valid for the approval of the ministries and municipalities involved in the implementation of road works, whether they are monitoring the
implementation or experts in the field of testing road materials. The purpose of this guide is to unify the technical standards to obtain the exact desired results
that allow me to judge the quality of the materials and actions implemented and then accept or reject them. Engineers and technicians must adhere to all the
standards contained in this manual.
This guide applies to new urban roads and streets that are being built, or that are subject to development activities such as increasing the width of the road and/
or making substantial changes in the horizontal and/or vertical design of the road.
The first part of the guide is directed to the technical supervisors for the implementation of road works and their supervisors, the supervising engineers and
specialized in human resources in the provinces and municipalities, as well as their counterparts working at the consulting offices that are in charge of the
approval process for the implementation of new urban roads projects.
As for the second part, it is justified to the engineering and technical experts in the field of road pavement construction, especially the tests of the basic road
materials.
21 - Domain exceptions
This guide is specific to the urban roads under the supervision and responsibility of the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs of various departments, and it is specific to the roads
between Amaldan and others belonging to the Ministry of Transport, as well as specific to the bodies such as the Royal Authority, the Riyadh Development Authority, and others.
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Chapter Al-Thayin
Monitoring the implementation of
road works
- Monitoring the implementation of road works
-1- The preparation stage
1-1- Knowing about the project documents and the circulars issued to act according to the rules
Information on the project documents and the rights to act accordingly.
Information on all the issued generalizations and price verification.
Information on the terms of the contract and various clauses and plans of the project to learn about the project.
Read the rank reports to know the nature of the situation.
Information on the general and specific details of the contract.
In case of any query or error in the previous documents, please refer to the supervising engineer in order to avoid any future problems.
-1-2- Revision of Al Tasaym
Under the guidance of the technical supervisor, under the supervision of the assistant engineer, in the following tasks:
flow (grade, hydrology, etc.)
The recommendations that are considered necessary for any necessary modifications.
Determining the technical errors and any defects in the information, and insufficient details, which can lead to possible problems and cause inaccuracy,
misinterpretation or violations during the project implementation stages.

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detailed evaluation report to identify technical issues, and proposing possible Reviewing the design priorities contained in the contract, preparing a
improvements that are expected to improve the effectiveness of the design, which will be reflected in the construction, operation, and maintenance of the project.
Revision of all design data, taking into account the following matters:
Evaluating the extent of compliance with approved design codes and standards, safety laws, and local rules and regulations.
Evaluating the detail and scale of the plans.
Evaluating the agreement of information in different data with each other.
Evaluating the impact of the operation, paying special attention to issues of safety and security, disruption of operations, logistics, and interaction with
other adjacent development projects.
Verification of the adequacy of the design standards and proposals to enhance the effectiveness of the design and agreement with the local construction industries.
3-1- Deputy Engineer Amlorshef in timely delivery
To the technical supervisor of the deputy engineer of the project in the timely delivery of the project to agree on the steps:
First: determining the date of the contract for the timely delivery according to the official address to the address specified in the
contract. Second: Assisting the engineer in the delivery of the project to nature, and making sure that there are no obstacles preventing the project from starting its
implementation. The contract is signed by the contractor and the inspection committee on the delivery date, and this date is the beginning of the contract period.
However, in case there are obstacles that prevent the delivery, the petitioner will be notified of the obstacles, and the contractor will be notified of the deadline for delivery after the
obstacles are removed.
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4-1-4- Deputy engineer Amal-Morshef Bafath Amalfat al-Zama
The technical inspectors under the supervision of the construction engineer will open the necessary files to preserve the collaterals, to protect them
and to easily refer to them at any time during the crisis.
The goal is to maintain all correspondence between the owner of the business (property) and the contractor in an accessible and continuous manner with a fixed system.
As well as saving the plans specific to the project in a single file or a set of diverse files, with the whole file a consistent set of plans, for example, rank
and body plans in a single file for easy reference, as well as including the necessary items. to the place of action in table number (4-1-) 1-2) The table
shows the date of delivery of the equipment to the place of work, as far as practical. It is necessary to prove that the equipment is suitable for the
operation only, and it isshown whether the equipment is broken or not.
-1-5- Preparation of daily books
The preparation of the office includes daily reports on the current state of the work, the approval of the execution to the highest authority and the extent
as information on the weather, the scope of the project and the equipment, and the scope of the authority.of compliance with the specifications, as well
Introduction to the site and any other comments. and the adoption of these calculations by the experienced engineer. It is necessary to register the
outages definitively with an explanation of whether they are due to the fault of the contractor or due to reasons beyond their control, and to prove the
dates of the rainfall and whether it was the cause of the outage of the contractor or not, as well as the wind. It is normal and the reason for my
complaint. With the delivery of all the plans and comments to the engineer.
6-1- The trust of the expert technical staff
The supervision engineer and the assistants of the technical supervisor are responsible for ensuring the skills and knowledge of the expert's technical staff.
1-7- The minimum qualifications of the technical inspectors are the certified
A
technical inspectors of the specialized government agencies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with a high experience in the field of road enforcement
supervision, at least 7 years of experience.
-2- The executive stage
-2-1- Before the implementation stage
The technical supervisor, in coordination with the supervising engineer, directs the technical staff of the expert accredited by the agency or the municipality to conduct a
field visit to the mixture and the location of the defect belonging to the implemented contractor, and to find out when to take the approved materials for the asphalt mixture
and approve the design mixture, and is limited to inspecting the samples in the client's field for the project and verifying the competences.
2-2- Cooperation with the engineer Amlorshaf
The road watcher must fully cooperate and coordinate with the supervising engineer, and adhere to his instructions during all stages of the project,
and notify the supervising engineer first of all if there is any problem. It is obligatory to record the most important events that occur on a daily basis
In case of absence of the supervising engineer at these times, the supervising engineer will be notified of the price first.
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3-2-2- Taking care of the materials and the causes of the executions on time, and my emphasis
Compliance with the specifications
However, this implementation is one of the most important duties of the Irshaf Umildain Khalsar al-Amal in all the different stages. The technical
supervisor is required to work freely for the daily supplies of paving materials, foundation layer materials, adhesive layer materials, and asphalt
mixes according to the work program.
In the project of improving orphans, the main supply of lighting, traffic and guidance signs, road markings, and ceramic ground signs, barriers
and shock absorption barriers, if any, in addition to the materials that cause envy and identification. The numbers, quantities and writings in
the special office of Hajdak. As such, it is important to make sure that the arrangements are made in the correct and appropriate way, and to
notify the engineer of these supplies, and to adhere to this special instruction.
2-4- Justification of the workers before the project during the various stages of implementation, I supervise the workers
by justifying the workers before the project and giving them advice to help them complete their work at the desired level and by the specified date,
and notifying the project manager of the desired objections, removal or First of all, there is no offense against them.
2-5- Greed for daily actions
Iqum al-Malraq Bahr al-Aal al-Tatim implementation and compliance with the terms and specifications, and submission of the statement to the
engineer of al-Malraf, and it is compiled in the Al-Har office.
6-2- The greed of daily subpoenas (supply) for the moment
The supervisor is responsible for the daily summons received on the spot, and submits the price statement to the supervising engineer so that he can make comparisons
with the approved specifications and samples.
-2-7- Verification of the safety of the storage of the products
The supervisor, with the assistance of the supervising engineer, will determine the appropriate place for the preparation of the materials required for the project and the
appropriate time to preserve the materials in a sound manner and according to the technical principles and conditions, and the forgeries are suitable for continuous interaction,
and do not cause any damage or damage to them. In case of lack of timely response to the summons, the engineer will be informed about it.
8-2-2- Deputy engineer Amal-Morashif in control of the equipment of the project
The contractor prepares a periodic statement (daily/weekly/city) of the different types of equipment, mechanisms and conditions used by the contractor in the
implementation of the project, and submits this statement to the supervising engineer and the technical supervisor so that inspections can be carried out on a
regular basis and even to request an increase in the equipment or replacements if it is deemed that they are working poorly. It is valid to work and confirm the
connection of the equipment with the equipment that works on the spot, where it is assumed that all the equipment that works on the spot are available with the
public safety means (reflectors, lanterns, warning signs...).
-2-9- Preparation of daily reports
Iqum Al-Malraqib will prepare daily and preliminary drafts for the project engineer, referring to them and mentioning all the observations and
objections found in the project.
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0-2- Taking samples and performing tests on them
The technical inspectors should take the instructions of the technical engineer to determine the required types of tests, their numbers and places, the method of taking samples and the steps
of the test, and the necessity of my presence during the taking of samples and during the execution of tests on them.
The goal of the quality control process is to fully comply with the contract requirements. And this is achieved through a series of regular references, inspection operations, and inspections on
factory items and equipment (whether they are tools, devices, or similar and forming part of permanent items), and materials. -Des Amlorf Mbawan, high-level road inspectors and observers,
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on the implementation Destructive testing of construction materials by a qualified company specialized in testing.
Al-Ikhtabarat and Akhz al-Ai

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F. As a follower of the inspection method, the work performed and the materials used in all situations are in accordance with the contract's engineer's conditions. It includes the following:
Conducting periodic monitoring of all contractors or internal contractors in order to carry out inspections in a correct manner and verify the results.
The rank of the candidates before the agency for the examination of the language of compliance with the examination proceduresof the construction materials Observation of intake
And to fulfill the obligation of the quality stipulated in the contract.
Detection of conducting field tests on construction materials.
Disclosure of information related to actions and materials.
Reviewing all the test results of the products in order to guarantee compliance with the specifications and recommendations.
Reviewing the results of independent media reviews provided by the candidates.
Verification of the certificates and the basic samples of the contractor.
Inspecting the materials and discovering the special materials that were delivered before the project and the industrial construction materials.
The road watcher must notify the supervisor engineer when the products and the completed work do not match the specifications.
1- 2- Monitoring the actions that are being implemented in a timely manner
The main purpose of regular inspection operations is to verify compliance with the terms of the contract. In addition to this, the inspection process allows for immediate corrective actions if
unacceptable materials or construction defects are discovered.
And this is one of the most important duties of the supervisor of the work in the various stages to achieve the desired quality level, and to confirm the compliance of all the requirements with
the specifications and executive plans and instructions of the qualified engineer, and this follows the implementation. as follows:
On-site inspection and confirmation of compliance with the plans and technical specifications of the contract, inspection of necessary tests, evaluation of results, and issuance of approvals
to the contractor as required.
Follow up the quality control methods/procedures approved by the contractor to perform the various tasks and confirm the commitment to fulfill them.
Monitoring the quality control procedures that follow the contract in the discovery operations, as well as the inspection of the materials and equipment before the contract.
Ensuring compliance with the necessary instructions to preserve the environment issued by the relevant government agencies.
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Check the progress of the works.
The protection of the special situation.
18
Carrying out visual inspection of all materials, tools and equipment before they are used in the field, and carrying out physical and destructive tests on them.
Carrying out inspections and tests at the time of implementation or after, for example: recording the top of the rock and its conditions, the composition of the asphalt components,
the mixture's degree of stability, the strength of the hammer and thickness, etc.
Compiling the results of observations, examinations and tests in a regular register makes it easy to refer to the terms.
The proportion of concrete components, the consistency of the concrete mixture, and the durability after 7 days and 28 days.
Rejection of all the implemented works against the specifications and plans, and making a price report to the engineer.
2-2- Revising the priorities of the items
Making recommendations to the supervising engineer about the nature of temporary facilities that must be provided by the contractors.
Assistant engineer Amal-Morshef in the revision of the statement of the method of execution of the works.
Assisting the assistant engineer in reviewing the documents submitted by the contractor, such as executive plans, material samples, catalogs, etc., to confirm compliance with
the contract text and the contractor's obligations.
The assistant engineer of Amlraf in the review of the implementation plans of the nature presented by the government contractors, including the final status of the implementation.
The Assistant Engineer is involved in reviewing the approved procedures for quality and the extent of the contractor's response to the application of the procedures and
providing recommendations for any improvements in case of non-compliance with the specified specifications.
Abagh Mohmandes Almarf in the case of non-availability of some materials required for the work or difficulty in obtaining them and supplies at the time and failure of the
contractor to create a contractual ambiguity.
2-3- Inspection and preparation of the initial order and the final order
. In the initial application stage:
Existence during testing and experimental operation of the equipment and examination of the final reports and verification and confirmation of the development of all
operational processes and procedures.
Participating in the preparation of the lists containing the deficiencies or deficiencies required for reforms in the field of maintenance and participation in the special meetings
before the ministry in the affected area.
Notify the engineer of the project about the completion of the works in the basic form before the contract.
. In the final application stage:
Participation with the employer in the final selection committee for the project.
I have completed the remaining works and corrected the defects in an acceptable manner before the contract.
Inspection and confirmation
Submitting the inspection report to the engineer, containing the evaluation of the completed works.
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4- 2- Timely meetings and record keeping
Participating in regular meetings with all relevant parties to monitor performance and progress and discuss problems and coordination
issues that arise.
Keeping a daily record of the progress of the superiors at the site, including the weather conditions, the contaminated work, the materials and inspections,
the results of the tests and the exchange of messages, the issued warnings, and the information about the presence of the technical contractor's equipment,
the operation involved, and the equipment used. in due course
5- 2- Al-Salma and al-Man
The government oversees the roads by verifying the combination of the facilities located in the places and their maintenance, and the adequacy of
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the storage facilities, while ensuring that the location of the temporary facilities does not affect the continuity of the safe and secure laws, which are
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trusted by the responsible parties. In addition, I confirm that the contractor complies with the operations and coordination with the contractor regarding
current security issues. Elsa Wiltz's policies, safety and security procedures, and arrangements with specific aspects for emergency response.
-3- Monitoring the implementation of road works
-3-1- Introduction
The technical supervisor must be familiar with the general specifications for the construction of urban roads issued by the Ministry of Municipal and .
Rural Affairs, and be aware of the continuous updates.
. All the values or limits given in the notices in the following paragraphs of this guide are only guidelines and not mandatory, and any conflict between them and the
general specifications for the construction of urban roads or the specific specifications of the project shall immediately override the values specified in the proof and
adopt the values specified in the specifications.
2-3-3- Controlling the implementation of works
-3-2-1- Controlling the execution of cutting operations
. It is necessary to confirm that the contractor has done the exploration and cleaning work and submit a detailed price report in accordance with the general
specifications for the construction of urban roads, and allow the contractor to carry out the cleaning and removal works until after the approval of the
supervising engineer on the report, the action plan, the time schedule, and the quality, safety and health plan.
. Checking the cleaning of the construction areas (roads) of debris, grasses, trees, and any other materials that are not needed for the construction process.
The assistant engineer, in the inspection of the cutting results, if the grade is suitable for filling according to the specifications, it will be used for filling, and if the
grade resulting from the cutting is not suitable for filling, but Improvement of the properties and use in the reaction after the improvement after the final approval
on the results of the tests that must be performed on the samples of the materials currently delivered at the time of operation, or permission is given for the
agreement of transports out of time due to the lack of competences for the reaction.
. Controlling the transportation of goods resulting from excessive or improper delivery to the outside.
5. Upon definitely reaching the desired level, the eligibility of the original grade as the base grade (Subgrade) is verified by
The following news:
al-Tadraj
Atterberg's limits
California tolerance ratio (CBR)
20
In the case of jurisdictions, leave all equipment as subgrade. In the case of lack of qualifications, it is possible to improve the properties or replace the
test with another rank.
Proctor's experiment is performed on the materials of the base layer to determine the dry density values and the ideal moisture content, where these
values are assigned in the field density test.
Al-Malsah's realization is appropriate for the Qaida class.
I checked the equatorial level of the Qaida class.
Verification of the humidity and moisture content of the base layer at the time by conducting the density field test.
And the classifications to the total density of the material according to Proctor's experiment on the breath of the material.
2-3-2-2- Controlling the activities of Al-Radham
The thickness of the upper pavement layers, located under the base of the road below the base layers, is 20 cm thick, and the thickness of the upper pavement
layers varies from 30 cm to 60 cm, depending on the road surface, plans and specifications. The lowest floors belong to the upper and lower floors, and the roofs
are 30 cm thick. , which allows the interaction of natural stones with sizes greater than half the thickness of the earth layer. With the implementation of the excavation
according to the plans and in some cases where there is high surface salinity, as a threat to the al-Qaida layer, it is recommended to carry out the excavation to the
appropriate depth and remove the materials saturated with salinity. and the replacements of the gradual Zaltiya elements that are permeable to water with a special
degree of Yarah bin (8/3) - 2.5) The ceiling on the floors is more than 25 cm, and the ventilation is suitable, which requires attention to the following points:
. I verified the cleaning of the construction areas (roads) of debris, grasses, trees, and other materials that are not necessary for the construction process. I verified
the grading according to the specifications.
. Checking the surface preparation requirements according to the general specifications for the construction of urban roads.
. In case of inadequacy of the materials or in case of insufficiency of the excavation results, the contractor shall pour soil suitable for the soil with the permission of the engineer.
Amal Morshaf.
5. Proctor's experiment is carried out on the correct filling materials to determine the ideal dry density and moisture content.
. Verification of response to classes according to specifications. 7.
It is not allowed to add the next layer until after confirming the previous layer by performing the necessary tests on it. . The realization of
the mashah is suitable for all classes of mashahs. Verification of moisture
content and moisture content by field density test and comparisons to total dry density according to experience
Proctor.
3-3- Monitoring the implementation of the actions of the Al-Qaeda class
. The deputy engineer is responsible for verifying the connection of the excavation to the required conditions and determining if the original grade is correct.
as the layer subgrade.
. If the normal level is correct, it should be the subgrade (Layer Subgrade).
21
Upon reaching the desired conditions, the following tests are performed: .
. Verification of the classification of the rank of the establishment according to the specification (class classification).
. Checking the percentage of organic matter.
. Hadad al-Atterburj (Had Al-Siulah - Hadd Al-Dunah - Ma'amal Al-Dunah).
. California tolerance ratio (CBR).
. It is necessary to carry out the Proctor experiment on the Al-Qida layer to determine the maximum density of the soil and the moisture content, for
example, since it is assigned to these values in the field density test, it is actually the ratio of the density and moisture content of the Al-Qida layer.
. Al-Malsah's realization of the proper realization and stability of the Qaida class.
-3-4- The top of our class under the Subbase Aggregate
and Course Base Aggregate
. The following tests are performed on the submitted samples: Grading
(analyzing the effect) to determine the classification of the rank.
Atterberg Limits (Limitedness Limit - Al-Dunah Limit - Al-Dunah Limit).
Corrosion Resistance (Al-Rabbi) at Los Angeles level.
Amalkafe Al-Ramil.
California tolerance ratio (CBR).
Testing hardness (magnesium/sodium carbonate).
Proctor's experiment on materials to determine the optimal density and moisture content.
. I verified the conformity of the materials of our class based on the previously approved samples.
. I verified the operation of the Tabqa and Varsha carpets with sandblasting, mixing,
and stirring. . The measurement is based on the realization of the spatial class (axis + axis line).
5. Checking the level of the layer level in the long and wide direction.
. Verification of moisture content and moisture content by carrying out the density test.
5-3- The top of the asphalt layer (1MC) of the main base layer
Asphalt floor
The application of bituminous precipitation layer (1MC) (adjusted (0.65-1.75) lert/m2 with the justification of paying attention to the following points:
Ensuring the cleanliness and solidity of the surface of our floor under the foundation or the final foundation. The .
complete confirmation of the readiness of our class level under the basic or exclusive basis. .
.
Confirmation of the temperature of the liquid asphalt material before pouring according to the specifications.
. Checking the regularity according to the desired rate. 5. Not
to rush during the rain. . Checking
that there is no increase in the percentage of the sprinkler than desired, and if there are places to increase the amount of treatment before the asphalt
mixture carpet, by placing the amount of sand on it and stirring it to remove the excess asphalt, then removing it away from the road.
7. It is preferable to prohibit traffic above the floor for less than 48 hours and to lay asphalt floors, except when the engineer approves it.
22
After this period, it is necessary to continuously maintain the layer while laying the asphalt layer so that this period does not exceed 72 hours.
6-3- Course Base Asphalt (Course Base Asphalt)

. Controlling the tests on the numbers in the bag to confirm the permits before the engineer, such as:
al-Tajr
Maa'el Al-Duna for soft materials.
Amalkafe Al-Ramil.
corrosion resistance
Soundness test (magnesium/sodium carbonate).
. Observation of Marshall's experiment on the asphalt mixture and its
realization: Gradation (Al-Analysis).
Asphalt percentage.
Al-Shabaab
The flow
The ratio of air voids and filled voids.
Confirming the dryness of the bituminous layer. .
.
Checking the cleaning of the surface of the plasterboard (1MC) with the interaction of air pressure.
5. Confirmation of the temperature of the asphalt mixture (139°C-163°C) and the color of the condensed vapors. For the desired heat and heat, the
confirmation of the asphalt mixing process. and the homogeneity before paving, and observing the presence of an excess or deficiency of the asphalt
ratio, for
example, taking the mixture in the car with a pyramid shape. It is easy to detect defects in the ratio of asphalt, such as the appearance of a rough and .
uneven mixture. Regulating the coverage of solid materials and the disappearance of their luster.
7. Periodically taking samples from the mixture after the separation to perform the standard extraction test (gradation - asphalt ratio - diffusion
- The proportion of air voids and filled spaces (and verification of the conformity of the test results with the specifications.
. Controlling the process of asphalt mixing carpet.
Ensuring that the structural distances are vertical to the road surface and to the full depth of the layer. .
10. Confirmation of the construction intervals according to the plaster (2C R) before the new carpet.
11. In the case of paving the asphalt mixture on the first floor, it is permissible to carpet the next floor only after the previous floor has been sealed and
cooled.
12. No asphalt mixture carpet during rains and during sandstorms. 13. Monitoring the process of stamping
with ferrous and elastic materials, and making sure that the speed of the molding is not violated and the specifications are not violated.
I am the materials and mechanisms and the scope of the materials, and the arrangement of the entrances on the floor.
14. Checking the ratio of thickness and thickness of the floor by performing the Asphalt Core test (test Core Asphalt) according to the instructions of the engineer.
Amal Morshaf.
15. Yaqum al-Masah, the proper review and salam of the surface after Damak.
23
7-3- Asphalt layer layer (2RC)

Checking the cleanliness of the base asphalt layer. .
Confirming the temperature of the liquid asphalt mixture before pouring according to the instructions of the .
engineer. Confirming the regularity of the roof according to the required rate of 0.25 LRT/m2 or according to the instructions of the .
engineer. . If there are places with a price higher than the desired average, we will treat them before laying them, by putting the amount of sand on them
and stirring them to remove the excess asphalt, then removing them away from the road.
5. Do it during the rain.
3-8- Course Wearing

The reliability of solid materials (gravel, sand, and powder) by observing the following tests: .
al-Tajr
Ma'amal Al-Dunah.
Corrosion resistance by Los Angeles device.
Amalkafe Al-Ramil.
Hardness test with magnesium/sodium carbonate solution.
. Observation of Marshall's experiment on the asphalt mixture and its
realization: Gradation (Al-Analysis).
Asphalt percentage.
Al-Shabaab
The flow
The percentage of free time.
Checking the temperature of the asphalt mixture (139-163 °C). Checking .
the asphalt mixing process and homogeneity before paving. 5. .
Periodically taking samples from the asphalt mixture behind the pavement to perform the extraction test and presenting the results to the supervising
engineer. Monitoring the asphalt mixing process. The thickness of the asphalt layer is increased to about 20-15% before sealing.
7. Making sure that the structural distances are vertical to the road surface and to the full depth of the layer.
Confirmation of the construction spacing according to the adhesive floor (2C R) before the new carpet. . .
Lack of asphalt mixture carpet during rains. 10. Controlling
the construction process with ferrous and rubber materials, and checking the equipment and mechanisms and the quality of the materials, and arranging the entries on
class
11. Realization of the ratio of the asphalt and the thickness of the layer by taking cylindrical samples (Test Core Asphalt) according to the instructions of the engineer Amlorshef.
12. Yaqum al-Malsah is suitable for viewing and leveling the surface longitudinally and horizontally after the dam.
13. My assurance of non-transgression of Samka Tabqa 5 cm after Damak.
3-9- Concrete laboratory works

. The construction of the engineer Amlorshef based on the samples of the boards in terms of shape and size according to the general specifications for the
construction of urban roads issued by the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs.
24
. My verification is attributed to the level of Al-Qaida al-Ratabiyyah in the bottom of Al-Bardurat. . Controlling
the normal pouring of concrete under the columns and the realization of the dowels.
. It is necessary to increase the temperature of the cast concrete by 30 °C and the valid measurement to the amount of 37.5 mm.
5. The air content will be between 5-7% according to the volume of concrete.
. The compressive strength of concrete should be less than 24 MPa at 28 days.
7. Confirming the treatment of ordinary concrete after pouring, either with metal or chemically according to the specifications.
Confirmation of the compliance of the products with the approved samples before assembly. .
. Verification of the validity of the adhesive material between the panels in terms of components, mixing ratio and consistency according to the instructions of the engineer.
Amal Morshaf.
10. Observing the functions of the combination of the parts and the realization of the appropriateness / leveling of the surface / straightness of the lines / regularity of the
curves / distances. 11. Confirmation of the dimensions of Al-Qaida Al-Khorsaniya for the Rabborats, and the
dimensions of the Al-Kharsaniya Al-Habsa of the successors. 12. Protecting against moisture after mixing with the product for at least seven days, or according to the specific
conditions. 13. Supervise the restoration of the areas behind the approved materials and according to the instructions of the engineer.
10-3-Balat al-Arsaf
. The construction of the engineer Amlorshef based on the samples of the concrete in terms of shape, size and color according to the plans and specifications.
. The implementation of the following reports: -
Resistance to diarrhea.
Corrosion resistance.
. My verification is attributed to the level of Al-Qaida Al-Ratabiyyah Al-Balat.
. Controlling the construction of the foundation floors or under the partial foundation (digital) under the balut and the realization of the dowels.
5. Confirming the conformity of the product to the approved samples before assembly.
Confirmation of the validity of the concrete cement between the slabs in terms of ingredients, mix ratio and consistency according to the instructions of the engineer. .
7. Controlling the work of combining the slabs, and the realization of the appropriateness - regularity and straightness of the width of the intervals (lines) - leveling of the surface
and the implementation of the normal concrete layer under the slab (according
to the plans). Controlling the work of wetting and filling
the intervals. Seven days or according to the instructions of engineer Amlorshef. .
11-3- Stone or concrete aqueducts

. Verification of the preparation of water softeners according to the plans. .
Monitoring the supply of stones and inspections after the supply in terms of size and quality according to the general specifications for the construction of urban roads.
About the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs, and be in accordance with the approved samples.
. Controlling the composition of the stones and confirming the placement of the concrete and recording the tax code.
. The specified areas are cut to match the sections, lines, and degrees specified so as not to increase the allowed difference.
30 mm.
5. Laying stones like stone blocks on the foundation layer to obtain a graded block with the least amount of voids possible.
Be consistent with the lines and grades described.
. Controlling the pouring of concrete in concrete constructions according to the instructions of the engineer.
25
7. Verification of the operation of structural intervals in concrete structures.
. I check the treatment works for the cuttings by filling every day for seven days or according to the instructions of the supervising engineer.
12-3- Adequate modification of inspection and inspection booths
-3-12-1-Inspection Hall
. Monitoring the removal of the cover and the alarm for each room.
. Verification of the reduction or removal of the appropriate according to the plans and instructions of the engineer.
. Controlling the work of reassembling the frame and installing it well, as well as making the coating and installing the cover.
. Verifying that the situation is restored to us before the proposed appropriate modification and making sure that there are no violations resulting from that modification will
remain pending.
Al-Bayarat -3-12-2-
. Controlling demolition works and removal and transportation of debris and any excavations requires action, and obliging contractors to comply with safety and security requirements.
and not causing any harm to people or property.
. Checking the completion of all works according to the plans, specifications and instructions of the engineer.
. I verified the adjustment of the walls and the connection of the roof of Al-Bayara and Al-Bain.
. I check the appropriateness of feeding, finishing and welding.
5. Checking the cleanliness of the equipment and waste after finishing the work.
. Supervise the reassembly of the frames and fixings well, as well as the coating and installation of the covers.
7. Verifying the restoration of the situation before the proposed modification and making sure that there are no violations resulting from it.
The modification is pending.
13-3-Al-Biarat and the new inspection booth
. Checking the times of selections and inspections according to the plans and associated field works.
. I check the proper digging, measurements and cleaning, as well as the necessary tests.
. Inspection of the items during normal concrete pouring.
. Monitoring the concrete pouring process, then verifying the concrete processing operations according to the instructions of the engineer. 5.
Monitoring the works of the builders for the products according to the plans and specifications.
. Verifying the proper feeding and filling, the forming of the al-cavity (if any - according to the design) and the assembly and installation of the frames and covers.
7. Monitoring the construction of the inspection booth and verifying the measurements and conditions.
. Supervision of assembly and installation of inspection booth frames.
. Controlling the works of reclamation around the bays and inspection booths, moving and removing debris and restoring the condition to the original condition before construction.
14-3-Monitoring the implementation of concrete structures
In some cases where it is necessary to work with reinforced concrete structures, such as box piers, the mixture of cement, sand, and gravel (bash) is done gradually, thoroughly,
and thoroughly to give a healthy mixture, and the supervisor must check that the sand used is clean and free of clay and impurities. used for continuous inspection, taking a
sample of the entire concrete mix or according to the instructions of the engineer, and confirming the type of cement (according to the specifications of each project) and
confirming the time
26
Mixing the mixture from the factory to the arrival of the concrete and pouring it and performing the consistency test (cone) so that the extent of the drop of the cone
is between (5-8) cm, and continuing to take concrete test samples (cubes or cylinders) to perform the chair test on them. The use of special molds to give the
surface of the smooth concrete with scratches in the cases of visible references and walls.
On the basis of the technical inspection, some tests are carried out to ensure the quality of the complete implementation:
Compression resistance of concrete
It is the average of the sample test of the grade of concrete (cubes or cylinders). In our case, the results are considered satisfactory if the results of the three
groups are equal or less than the required resistance. In all cases, the average of any group is not less than the minimum required resistance of 4 MPa. .
air content
Perform two tests to determine the air content per 190 cubic meters or during the entire cycle. The workability of random samples for each grade of cast
concrete is determined during the rotation, some additional tests are performed in case of major differences between the results of the tests, and the technical
supervisor must take appropriate measures to correct the air content in the plant.
falling down
Perform two tests to measure the subsidence per 190 cubic meters or during the entire period of operation. Additional tests will be performed in case of major
differences in the workability of concrete.
15-3-Monitoring of frequent transactions

As for the sewers, the supervisor must refer to the specifications and plans, and then confirm the diameters of the sewers and the dimensions of the excavation
ditch (depth, width, lateral and longitudinal inclinations) as well as cleanliness, and the maximum width of 30 cm on each side of the outer diameter of the sewers
(at least), after adjusting and leveling the ground. Excavation of the layer of ordinary concrete - according to the specifications - according to: 3 sands (after making
sure of the prescribed conditions, then placing the above-mentioned materials in the correct form and connecting them to each other with the correct color) detail
or up to a height of at least 10 cm above the surface of the external concrete, the above shall be filled according to the technical principles and according to the
instructions of the supervising engineer until reaching the level of the base layer and returning it to the level according to the specifications and plans of the
supervising engineer. Al-Jofia, the monitoring activities must be completed according to the project specifications and the recommendations of the relevant
authorities and the supervising engineer.
16-3- Ground signs on the roads
The mouth of the signs on the road surface -3-16-1-
The lifespan of the signs on the road surface depends on the correct installation. The main factors that can affect the correct installation of road markings are:
. Temperatures - the approximation of ambient air temperatures and road surface temperatures and used materials are important for the most important materials
Applying road signs requires the temperature of the world to achieve proper drying or treatment.
. Cleaning the road surface - I have to make sure the surface is completely clean before spraying.
. Dryness of the surface of the road - it is necessary to perform moisture tests to confirm the dryness of the surface before mouth.
The thickness of the product - it is necessary to measure the signs to confirm the desired properties. .
5. Confirming the application rate of glass beads and the correct emissions to achieve the desired reflection.
(retro-reflectivity)
. Controlling the activities of Al-Dhan according to the instructions of the engineer Amlorshef.
27
Combination of terrestrial signs -3-16-2-
Reflective signs (cat's eyes) .
Cat's eyes are used on the roads to determine the routes and road boundaries, and to give the driver a good way to help him keep the traffic
on the road at night, as the light emitted from the cars is reflected, especially on the unpaved cellular roads. :
. The length of the concave part.
. The inclination of the reflective part.
Number of desired lenses and focal points. .
. The quality of the adhesive material and compliance with the approved samples.
5. Making a hole in the asphalt vertically to make the mark.
Chinese earth signs (Ceramic Studs) .
It is used in urban roads, where it is specifically given road markings and limits for clarity on the road, where there is no need for light photos
because most urban roads are lit, and the observer supervises the composition process to confirm the dimensions of the sign, the degree of
flatness of the surfaces and solids, and the degree of existence of gloss and adhesive material, all of that. Based on the following
specifications.
-4- Greedy of the quantities used
The quantities of all the works must be measured according to what is stipulated in the contract instructions for the method of measurement, even if the country does not specify the
method of greed, it must comply with the specifications of the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Villages for the method of greed.
The clauses of all the acts in the tables of quantities are set according to the current nature, and in front of all the clauses of unit and quantity.
The quantities are periodically updated based on the actual measurements of the completed works/quantities and the realization that the quantities and values
related to the contract remain within the stipulated range and inform the supervising engineer, especially of any possible changes.
5- Reporting
-5-1- Preparing the daily report
-5-1-1- The main goal
Recording different weather conditions.
Statement of the factor and important number of all groups including them.
The statement of the engineering and technical number of my sources before the question.
Registration of functional tools and equipment.
The statement of the materials that were supplied that day and the degree of compliance with the specifications and the safety of the storage.
Statement of the current actions of that day.
Any important comments regarding the implementation of the
project. The greed of the days of the cessation of work.
Knowing the weather in advance helps to take some necessary precautions (hot weather, wind, rain, etc.).
28
Collecting previous data over time helps to know how serious the project is in the process of completing the project.
The above data are very useful in evaluating the loss of the property or the contractor when differences occur, and the desire to determine the actual daily costs of
the project, and the calculation of the daily cost of equipment and labor...etc.
-5-1-2- Filling the form
Complete the filling of the form number (2) included in the reason for supervision of the implementation of municipal projects and explained in the annex before one of the technicians of the
supervision authority, and signed by one of the technicians of the project, and approved by the supervising engineer or the consulting office.
-5-1-3- Forms of the report
Engineer Amlorshef keeps the original of the report and approves my photo.
-5-2- Preparing the periodic report
-5-2-1- The main objective
Providing concise and very useful information that gives the senior management a brief idea of the nature of the project, the difficulties it faces and how to overcome
them.
It helps the central authority to monitor the project regularly, and we usually attach to this report a detailed report supported by pictures, curves and tables to help the
responsible person in the central authority to refer to one point or another or to prepare a certain study or make a decision about it.
It serves the purposes and goals mentioned in the daily report in general.
It serves statistical purposes to evaluate projects and contracts.
-5-2-2- The contents of the periodic report
The periodic report contains the following:
Prioritization of actions - around the actions performed by the project, and highlighting the problems, obstacles, and recommendations. It includes information on
progress, performance, measurements, quality control, materials, supplies, resources, manpower, and operational conditions.
The first part: Outlines of progress: It includes, we do not say otherwise:
Summary of the status and nature of the completed works.
. Details about any delay in the work, and the reason for it
Any other problem related to the agents.
Referring to any possible delay.
The security status of the most important products.
The status of delivery and approval of the products and customs duties.
29
The third part: control of the materials
The third component: competition for quality, integrity, and environmental conditions - and briefly includes the compliance of the contractors with the quality plan, as well as an
updated statement of the test results.
The fourth part: the registration of the contract - it includes the following records:
Record of weather conditions.
Register of the authorized agent and equipment.
The record, even the history, of the delivery of goods and supplies.
The record, even the history, of the delivery of the Umalidaniya drawings.
Field tests in the laboratory of materials, facilities, and equipment of all the tests, with the results of the tests.
Part 5: Pictures about progress.
-5-2-3- Filling the form
Complete the filling of the form number (5) included in the reason for the supervision of the implementation of municipal projects and explained in the annex I before the inspection under
the supervision of the supervising engineer.
Filling the model periodically according to the need and intensity of work.
Can add other pages to the report if necessary.
This form is filled and signed against my specialized engineer before the contract, and it is approved by the person in charge of the communication unit or the central
supervision according to the given authority.
-5-2-4- Forms of the report
All of the consultants and consultants keep a copy of the report, and send the original to the central inspection, and send a copy to the official accountant to enter the
information for the statistics.
30
31
The third chapter
Tests of road construction materials

- Tests of road construction materials
13. The engineering properties of materials
Assessing the quality of the engineering properties of road construction materials is one of the most important factors that affect the quality of roads, and maintaining high-
quality roads, in addition to the good implementation according to the standard specifications for construction methods. and measuring the engineering characteristics of
the materials by taking samples and performing the necessary destructive tests, in order to achieve the actual engineering qualities and specifications, and then comparing
the results of the tests with the specifications required for implementation, in order to accept or reject those materials. One of the priorities of the engineer is to verify that
the samples and tests are in accordance with the methods given in the specifications, and that the materials used in the process and received at the time are in accordance
with the contract specifications. To check the quality of the materials used, follow one of the following steps:
. Reviewing the materials or taking samples and performing experiments on them on
time. Taking samples on the spot and sending them to specialized .
laboratories. Taking samples and tests on time, but some of the samples are sent to a specialized central laboratory, in order to confirm the .
performance of the preparations and steps of the tests on time.
. Acceptance of goods based on the guarantor or certificate of the goods. And the engineer and supervisor in the project must have sufficient knowledge of the
methods used to judge the materials and samples brought to the site, in order to guarantee agreements with the requirements and specifications. 5.
Evaluation of the results of the tests according to the general specifications for road construction and road constructions (Part I: General specifications for road construction)
Al-Hardiyah (and the specific characteristics of the Al-Marshu).
Also, it is important for the concerned and the concerned to know where and when and how the sample is taken, and what tests must be performed. As
the responsibility for ensuring that the materials used in the cleaning operations are in accordance with the standard specifications rests with the
engineer, and in case the test results are inconsistent with the specifications, a decision must be made to exclude or remove the applicable part of these
materials and to exclude the materials.
- 23 types of samples
The division of the samples taken based on the required information about the materials is as follows:
Qualifying samples
Production recording samples (Samples Control Job)
Season samples (Samples Split)
Samples Check Laboratory
Questionnaire samples (Samples Information)
Samples Acceptance
2-13 Qualifying samples
Qualifying samples are all taken and tested to determine the quality of the product, meaning or general infinitive, in order to determine the acceptance or rejection of asphalt or any
materials related to asphalt operations, such as comparison of inspection and numerical analysis.
2-23 Production recording samples (Samples Control Job)
The production recording test is done on the spot or in the production place for the purpose of recording the quality of all the materials used in the construction. Sampling
is done in the places where the research materials require certain specifications.
33
-2-33 Samples of the season (Samples Split)
These samples are taken for the chapter in the results of the tests, where the samples are taken, numbered, and tests are conducted on some of them in the main central
factories and others in the project laboratory, and then the results are compared with each other.
2-43 Samples Check Laboratory

Samples are taken for review of the materials used in the construction, which is similar to the production recording samples, except that they are taken
and tested by the engineer or in the presence of the engineer or myself, and for this purpose, these tests refer to the equipment and steps performed in
the sampling and testing of the materials and to verify the quality of the implementation.
2-53 Questionnaire samples (Samples Information)
The questionnaire samples are the samples not mentioned above, and these samples are taken during the production of the materials and before the acceptance process, such
as the grading of the materials to clarify the validity of their use, as well as the samples taken during the calibration of the hot asphalt mixture.
2-63 Samples Acceptance

These samples are taken from random places for the purpose of verifying the compliance of the implementation materials with the specifications before the final order.
33 sampling places
Sampling locations vary according to the type of materials and required information, and taking samples from all materials is necessary for proper recording of the work and to
guarantee the quality of the materials to determine acceptances and agreements with the specific specifications of the products.
And taking samples, usually during mixing operations, from the mixture, transportation vehicles or from the containers used for storage and from any other places according to
the requirements and specifications of the implementation.
The engineer is responsible for making sure that all the materials used in the project comply with the specifications, where the production recording
samples are taken, and if the desired results are not achieved, the operations with these materials are removed or the treatments and tests are
repeated until they comply with the required technical specifications.
Table (1-3-3) test rates, locations and sample sizes
Sample size and locations The average of the newspapers
review
recording the Al-Akhtabar Al-Band
quality / Action recording / quality / (I used to be the
action
infinitive review infinitive Ministry of Municipal
and Village Affairs)
- A sample of 50 kg is - total test I Total 5000 m -1 tolerance ratio

2
on the way 5000 AD my answer of California CBR
2
- Hiring Nafs - total test I Total 50000 m

2 2
edargbuS
Aina 5000 AD my answer
- 3. Al-Dishnat
- Hiring Nafs - total test The test of the
fsA
l-h
ulsu
deed
mabrm 1rti
u
a
o
2 2
Aina 5000 AD whole class is 20,000 The humidity
- The property must be - Test of the whole class The test of the 4- The density
2 2
sprinkled before putting the next layer The whole of 2000 whole class is 20,000 of the time
34
review
action
Infinitive review Infinitive Ministry of Municipal
- - - total test -
- 1 Al-Tassin
2
5000 AD
gb
tnurio
gnsin a ir-o
e 2
L
a
- 2 density
- - - - -
The humidity
- In the properties before the - Test of the whole class The test of the 3- The density of
2 2
application of the layer of rain The whole of 2000 AD whole class is 20,000 the time
75 kg sample
I am al-Aksara 35 km from the center total test
3
The total test is 1000 1-Magnetic analysis
3
or I am of the city 10000 m
Lalmasdar unit test
the pit
Hiring Nafs Hiring Nafs Aina total test - 2 Ma'al Al-

3
The total test is 1000
3
Aina 10000 m Dunah
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35
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36
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37
-43 rank tests
13-4-4 Spelling content calculation

. Technical specifications:
ASTM D2216 - 19 - Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and
Rock by Mass
The spelling content calculation is a routine experiment that calculates the amount of spelling in the grade and calculated based on the dry weight of that grade.
. Method of action:
. Measure the weight of the tin or aluminum box with the lids and confirm the condition of the mark of difference on the box and the lid. Tatofar Al-Alab
The moisture has different sizes, but the type with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 4.4 cm is the most common type.
. Place the sample of the moisture level in the box, and find the weight of the box and the moisture level together, and if the process of weighing is completed, then
It is necessary to put the lid on the box, but if there is a delay in the weight, it is between 3-5 minutes or more, then put the lid on
The box to protect the humidity of the floor and place the box under a piece of wet straw to protect the humidity around the box.
. After weighing the can and wet sample, lifting the lid (usually the lid is placed at the bottom of the can) and placing the sample in the oven.
. After the sample freezes, i.e. after the weights become constant, first weigh the sample in the bag and the container, with the emphasis of self-interaction for all
weighing operations.
5. Calculate the content of the liquid and the difference between the weight of the container with the wet sample and the weight of the container with the dry sample. and the
weight of the spell present in the sample (Ww), and the difference between the weight of the box with the dry sample and the weight of the empty box, like the weight of the
sample (Ws)
It is necessary to dry the rank sample in an oven at a temperature of 110 ± 5 degrees Celsius until the weight of the sample is determined, as the weight of the sample
decreases with the evaporation of minus. The weight of the sample is measured several times during evaporation to ensure the constant weight, but placing the sample
in an oven for 12 to 16 hours (usually overnight). The small and high samples are routine tasks. The weight of the samples used in the calculation of the mineral content
is now after taking them from the oven (using the tweezers), even if the weight is delayed due to the condition of the lid on the container during
Tarbidha prevents the absorption of the sample from the air of the room.
To guarantee the accurate calculation of spelling content, use soil samples with the following weights:
Table (1-1-1-3) - Required weights for grade granules according to sieve volume
The required weights (total) are the percentage of spelled content The size of the grains of the rank (95-100 / review with the palm of the number)
calculated to the nearest ±1.0%
50,000 75
10,000 37.5
2,500 19
500 9.5
100 Number 4 (4.75)
20 (2.00)
38
(Limit (PL), Liquid Limit (LL) and Plastic)

ASTM D4318-17 – Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
Yaatrab Hada Al-Sayulah and Al-Dunna, two of me, a total of five Hadad Afartazha Al-Amal Al-Suwaidi A. Atterberg (Atterberg) and the most important of
these limits are:
SL (Limit Shrinkage): It is the minimum percentage of the filling content before any defect in the volume of the grade occurs later as
a result of the loss of moisture. PL (Plastic
Limit): It is the spelling content of the rank, and if it is less than that, the rank becomes invalid. LL (Liquid
Limit): It is the minimum ratio of the content of the content of the grade, and if it is small, the content of the grade becomes sticky.
rigid Ghari Laden (partially London viscous liquid
cross ) limit limit of validity
Spelling content
It can be the maximum limit (SL) (minimum limit) (PL) for some types of rank.
Figure (1-2-4-3) about Atterberg on the spelling content scale
Figure (2-2-4-3) Atterberg device
It uses the limit of flow and plasticity in a large way in the ranking and definitions, and it uses the limit of shrinkage in the areas where the volume of the
rank changes as a result of the succession of humidity and drought. And it is possible to use the limit of accuracy and precision in determining the volume
changes in the rank. It uses the limit of validity in rank integration calculations.
Liquid limit (LL) .
Atterberg suggested the definition of the flow limit as the orthographic content of the level that then joins and the distance of half an inch of the side of the crack in
the sample is affected by 25 strokes in the flow determination device so that all the strokes fall by a distance of 1 cm. There are several factors in this newspaper
that affect the spelling content:
39
. Rasa al-Razbat
. The time required to prepare the sample in the control device.
. Relative humidity.
. The type of security device.
5. The distance of falling is limited here in centimeter unit.
This is in addition to the type of rank and competence of the person conducting the experiment.
In order to reduce the influence of the aforementioned factors, the operation of the comparison device and the types of sample cutting tools:
The cutting tool I developed before Casagrande (see figure (3-2-4-3-B), this type determines the thickness of the sample in addition to cutting. The cutting tool I .
developed before the
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM 4318D) (see Figure (3-2-4-3-C). .
And this type is preferred for the grade with low spelling content and difficult to cut, such as the sand and clay grade, and in this type, it is recommended to use a spatula
first to help determine the place of cutting, then use the cutting tool.
In order to control the speed of the beats, the handle of the beats should be managed at a rate of 120 revolutions per minute, that is, an average of 120 beats per minute
per unit.
This has been determined by the American Society for Testing and Materials for the use of distilled spelling when typing.
Fig. (3-2-4-3-A) High reliability device
Figure (3-2-4-3-C) Figure (3-2-4-3-b)
Figure (3-2-4-3) Casajerandi device and device (MTSA D8134)
The experiment of Attarburj limits on the altimeter rank of the altimeter number (04), but the altimeter rank from the field is covered and it is difficult to review from this
altimeter, so it is allowed to reduce the rank Dry-Air (dry-air) to help pass the fine particles Amnakhl according to the standard measurements of the American Society for
Testing and Materials (ASTM-17M6913D6913/D). Wall allows drying the grade in the oven, because this process usually reduces the value of the liquid limit and the
volume, unlike the air drying, because the purpose of the research is that the air-dried grade can restore the true value of the limits after mixing with the mixture. A
40
And the treatments are available 24 hours a day. As the reduction of the air grade reduces the remaining liquid limit by 2-6%. And aside from this problem,
you can choose the rank of the field by looking at the ability of the grains to flow (40).
To determine the value of the liquidity limit accurately, draw the relationship between the number of strikes by interacting with the web logarithmic scale.
Spelling content with natural scale interaction. We usually have a direct error relationship, so it is easy to create spelling content in this way. And because
of his desire, he created three to three points representing the relationship between the number of rabbats and the spelling content, (of course, 25 rabbats
should be included). Connects to a straight line, then reads the amount of the content of the spell, which is equivalent to 25 rabbs of mine. It should be
noted that all the drawn points were close to 25 times the best results.
Plastic Limit (PL) .
It has been possible for me to give a qualitative definition of the limit of volume as the content of the liquid that has the same level as the thread of a drop
(0-125 inches) without breaking this thread, and this test usually depends on the person who conducts it compared to the test of the flow limit, due to the
difficulty of estimation. diameter (0-125 inches). But to get the most accurate results, it is more accurate to compare the thread with a wire or a drop rod
(0-125 inches), where I performed my experiment before a different technique and obtained results of about 1-6% for the same type of rank.
Plasticity Index (PI).
There is a difference between the limit of the validity and the limit of the level of the rank, and it can be written completely: PL - LL = PI
The formation of the non-existent rank of Al-Laduna in the following cases:
When it is difficult to determine the limit of validity or the limit of al- .
Duna. When the limit of al-Duna is equal to or closer to the limit of al-Sayulah. .
. Atterberg's account:
Al-Rashua: Establishing a road

-
Number of
operation: Start time: municipality

-
The number of the
-
hole: the number of
the sample: the description of the rank: Tani Bani Fatih
Depth of
sample: Name of alfahs: R.D.S
Date: /- 1440/-H
. Account limit:
Digit table: 1-3-1-(Had al-Saliwlah account).
32 93 41 The number of Al-Alaba
33.51 34.79 39.40 The weight of the moisture level + the box (volume)
28.08 29.55 34 Weight of Al-Raba Al-Jafah + Al-Alab (Jam)
11.92 11.97 14.95 The weight of the box
16.16 17.58 19.05 (Jam) The weight of the box (Jam)
5.43 5.24 5.40 spelling weight (gram)
33.6 29.8 28.4 spelling content W%
18 28 35 The number of rabbets is N
41
. Hadd al-Duna account:
Digit table: 2-3-2-(Had Al-Dunah account).
36 53 The number of Al-Alaba
24.59 24.17 The weight of the moisture level + the box (volume)
22.59 23.77 Weight of Al-Raba Al-Jafah + Al-Alab (Jam)
22.59 21.53 Weight of the box (gram)
1.70 2.24 Al-Rabat Al-Jafah Weight (Jam)
0.3 0.4 Spelling Weight (Jam)
17.7% Spelling content Wp = %W *%17.9
*Wp (Plastic Limit)
Figure (4-2-4-3) typical data of Atterberg's experiments
33-4 Al-Tadraj al-Habibi for rank
It uses the granular gradient test to determine the grade by means of analysis sieve (using sieves with openings ranging from 0.01 mm (4 inches) to 0.075
mm (size 002 sieve) according to the American specification:
Digit table: (3-1-3) Amnakhel numbers and measurements
Fatah Bamlamlam Amankhal figure Fatah Bamlamlam Amankhal figure
9.5 "3/8 100 "4
"
4.75 4 75 3
"
2 01 50 2
0.85 02 37.5 "1 1/2
0.425 04 25 "1
0.180 08 19 "3/4
0.075 002 12.5 "1/2
Measuring the grain size of the grade of the sieve (002) using a hydrometer, and then drawing the grade curve and then determining the ratio of materials
for the grade, and the most important is the ratio of gold materials. According to the specific specifications of the project, which gives the best degree,
stability and maximum tolerance, the compliance of the materials with these specifications is confirmed through the analysis of samples.
42
ASTM D6913/D6913M-17- Standard Test Methods For Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) Of Soils Using Sieve
Analysis
ASTM D7928-17 – Standard Test Method For Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) Of Fine-Grained Soils Using The
Sedimentation (Hydrometer) Analysis
AASHTO T 88-13 – Standard Method of Test for Particle Size Analysis of Soils.
. Tools used:
. My group is arranged according to the specifications.
. Hazaz Manakhel
. Amount according to specifications.
. Drying oven.
5. Specific gravity measurement device.
. Thermometer.
. Press method:
. About 500 grams of the representative grade is obtained using the grade separation device and then weighing the grade. .
Rank the desired particles from the top to the bottom according to the volume of the largest particles of the rank, then place the rank and shake the particles after
covering by hand or using an electronic vibrator until the rank stops moving.
. Measure the weight of the remaining grade on the surface of the whole sieve to the nearest 0.1 gram compared to the weight of the grade at the
beginning of the test. . According to the percentage of the weight of the return and the percentage of the rank of the state and the data register in the model, then draw the gradient curve.
5. Analyzing the degree of stability of the filter (200) using the specific gravity device (Hydromirt)
Wash the floor carefully and clean the cabinet after cleaning and drying in the oven.
. Mix the 3-NaPO solution with the quantities specified in the specifications. It must be 3NaPO solution.
New country, most of the city is a single compound, then Turkish, for the desired period. Transfer
A
the mixture to the mixing cup carefully so as not to lose any part of the mixture and add distilled water to a third of the mixing cup, then mix the mixture finely. 7
And add water to it drop by drop until the volume reaches 1000 milliliters and at a constant temperature. . Prepare 125 milliliters of 3NaPO solution.
Transfer the mixture to the measuring cup and add the mixture prepared in step 8 to the 1000 mark.
Mellilert
10. Place the lid tightly, then turn the beaker up and down for a minute (60 times), then place it on the table for a minute. 11. Insert the hydromyrrhet very
slowly into the listed beaker, then record the first reading as well as the temperature of the solution, and repeat the reading.
After 4 and 5 minutes.
12. Repeat the process described in step number 11, then record the readings for the hydrometer and the temperature after the following times: 8, 16, 30
minutes and 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 96 hours and record the data in the appropriate form.
13. Represent the data on the gradient curve completely to the curve drawn in step 4.
43
43-4- The test to determine the density in time for the rank by the cone-shaped method
(Density of Soil in-place by Sand Cone Method)
Determining the density of the layer at the site is of great importance in the layering works and the works of the basic layers, and this density can be measured in several ways,
the most important of which is the cone-shaped method.
The purpose of the experiment:
. Determining the rank density at the time in natural or after-damage conditions.
It helps to find the dry density at the right time and it also creates the desired percentage of moisture. .
ASTM D155607 - Standard Test Method For Density And Unit Weight Of Soil In Place By The Sand-Cone Method.
. Tools used:
A glass jar filled with a comparable barrel. .
. Mine Cone
The base of the device is a hole. .
. Sensitive level.
5. Drying oven. .
Drilling and cleaning tools. 7.
Non-porous vessels.
. Experiment steps:
. At the current level, and remove all the unwanted surface materials in the areas required to calculate the land density. . The placement of the base for
the above-ground device means density calculation, it is necessary to fix the base to the ground well according to the specifications, and to dig a hole with
the diameter of the hole and the depth of the embedded layer at least or according to the specifications.
. The results of drilling are collected in a non-porous container for moisture and water, and the sample is weighed
immediately. . Use Al-Aqan Al-Ramal and Al-Inaa and it is filled with sand before conducting the experiment, then place Al-Aqanam with Al-Aqanam and sand upside down as above.
The hole then opens the faucet to release the sand into the hole.
5. After filling the hole and the funnel with the sand of the quality, close the faucet, then lift the funnel of the funnel, and then weigh it, and it will remain in the sand.
Al-Qayys
. Calculate the weight of the sand in the hole carefully.
The weight of the sand that is in the hole = the weight of the sand that is in the way - the weight of the remaining sand - the weight of the
sand that is in the way. 7. The purpose of determining the density of the standard sand used in the experiment is to weigh a container of known volume with
the standard sand on the surface.
Estimated sand density = weight of sand in containers, g/cm3
The volume of
bowls . Determining the volume of the pit and its quality:
The volume of the hole = the weight of the sand that fills the hole. 3
44
The density of Raml al-Qayas
Current rank density: .
3
The density of the layer at the spot (moisture) = the weight of the layer extracted from the hole, cum/sum
The size of the hole
Obligatory precautions to observe when conducting the experiment:
. Do not touch or shake the device during the experiment.
. The sample extracted from the hole must be kept in a non-porous container.
If the test is on the foundation layer and under the foundation, the hole is taken to the full depth of the buried layer. .
. It is necessary to determine the mineral content of the grade as soon as the moisture level is checked, by drying in an oven at a temperature of 105
to 110 degrees Celsius and for 24 hours. 5. I must
confirm the recording of the user before using it. . Any big
stones return to the pit again.
(Compaction (Proctor) Test) 53-4-4
ÿd) and spelling content (W) (and then determine the dry density of the whole in the test to determine the relationship between the dry density and the rank)
Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) (for example, Maximum Dry Unit Weight)
Using the Proctor test method, in order to determine the maximum density and the ideal humidity that will be comparable to the field density, as well as determine the
energy that is exposed to the level in the laboratory for simulations of nature using different tools and equipment. And the way you use it is:
. Test Proctor Standard. . Test Proctor Modified.
Table (3-1-5) - The difference between the organs used in the Damak method
The average Al-Qayys
Template 6 Template 4 Template 6 Template 4 Mold templates
152.4 101.6 152.4 101.60 diameter (mm)
116.43 116.43 116.43 116.43 length (mm)
3
2124 944 2124 944 ) The size (poison)
44.5 44.5 24.5 24.5 Hammer weight (Newton)
25 25 25 25 Number of beats
5 5 3 3 The number of classes
457 457 305 305 Hammer height (mm)
And the calculation of the energy spent in the whole process is as follows:
3) = (number of layers x number of strokes x height (m) x hammer weight (newtons) / volume of the mold, energy transmitted in the hammer (kilojoules / m)
3) m
3
When comparing the two For example, the energy emitted in the standard method using a drop mold is 101.60 mm = 593.7 kJ/m
methods, we find that in the modified method, the grade is empty of air (Zero Voids Air) and the grade is completely saturated.
Bamla
45
AASHTO T 99-18 – Standard Method of Test for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 2.5-kg (5.5-lb) Rammer and a 305-mm (12-in.)
Drop
AASHTO T 180-18 – Standard Method of Test for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 4.54-kg (10-lb) Rammer and a 457-mm (18-in.)
Drop.
There are four ways to do this:
. The first method, A Method, using cylindrical pots (101.6 mm) and 4 (4.75 mm) clay, 3 weights
Kilogram approx
. The second method, B Method, using cylindrical pots (152.4 mm) and 4 (4.75 mm) clay, 7 weights.
Kilogram approx
. The third method, C Method, using cylindrical pots (101.60 mm) and 0.75 (19 mm) coarse soil, weighing 5
Kilogram approx
. D Method using a cylindrical pot (152.4 mm) and 0.75 (19 mm) fine-grained soil, weighing 11
Kilogram approx
. Tools used:
. It includes tools.
Mold according to the following method.
Base Plate and Collar Rule of
Rammer, either manual or mechanical.
. Manakhel according to the following method.
Sample extraction tool (lifter) and ruler. .
. The amount of drying oven.
. Press method:
5. Prepare about 3 kilograms of molasses grade through a No. 4 sieve and determine the natural moisture percentage, then add molasses
to obtain a liquid content of 4% to 8%, less than the optimal moisture content for the grade, then mix well. Measure
the weight of the cylindrical molds with the base to the nearest 1 gram.
7. Connecting the base and the metal ring and the cylinder with the molds.
The rank is based on three equal classes in the case of using the standard method, or five classes in the case of using the modified .
method. Hammer each layer 25 times before inserting the next layer, using a hammer and height in the standard or modified method
described above. . Separate the ring from the
template and use a ruler to remove the excess level to make it equal with the surface of the template. 10.
Measure the weight of the cylindrical mold with the base and moisture level to the nearest 1 gram.
11. Afsal al-Qaida, then extracting the rank sample using the lever. 12. Take a
representative sample of the lower, middle and upper grades of the letters to determine the spelling content. 13. Mix the rank
with the remaining rank and add a sufficient amount of spelling to increase the spelling content of the rank by 1 to 2% and mix it well. 14. Repeat my steps 4 to 8
times until you notice that the weight of the template with the base and the rank starts to decrease or does not change despite the increase in spelling. Then record
You will compete later.
15. ÿ = weight of the layer ÷ volume

wetofThe
the containers.
density of the moisture for the rank
16. ÿ ( +1 ÷ spelling content W). wet ÿd = moisture density for grade and dry density for grade
46
17. Draw the dry density for the rank ÿd with the orthographic content w on the graph of the expression that forms a curve and determine the dry density
max ÿd, which is the highest point of the curve and corresponds to the moisture content of this point Optimum Moisture
Content (OMC).
63-4-Weight Unit
The density of the layer is determined after taking the mass of the layer and the weights, then the conditions in the container to determine the volume and find out the required amount of
filling according to the following equation:
The density of the rank = the weight of the sample of the rank ÷ (the volume of the presentation - the volume of the spelling)
(Relative Density (Dr)-73-4-4).

Using the normal relative density of sand by determining the ratio of natural, minimal and extreme voids (e, Void Ratio) for the rank, and the
difficulty of determining the ratio of voids in the rank, so the calculation of the relative density is complete:
The relative density Dr = the maximum density (the rank density in the field - the minimum density) ÷ (the rank density in the field (the
maximum density - the minimum density).
Dr=ÿd max (ÿd min – ÿd ) / ((ÿd max - ÿd min) ÿd )
Where:
Dr: The relative density of the rank.
max ÿd: maximum density.
ÿd: rank density in the field.
min ÿd: the smallest density.
And the relative density is used in the calculation of the percentage of the soil and the estimation of the bearing strength of the grade, and the following table shows the value of the relative density with the
condition of the grade.
Table (1-3-3) - Value of the relative density with the status of the rank
relative density rank

10 - 15 Loose Very Loose
15-35 Loose
35 - 65 Compacted Medium
65-85 Compacted Very
85 - 100 Compacted
The minimum density min ÿd ÿ density of the field d max ÿd is the maximum density
ÿd
%0 100%
Dr
80% 100%
RC
Relative Compaction (RC-Compaction Relative) = (field density / maximum density)
Figure (1-7-4-3) the relationship between relative density and relative density and density
47
ASTM D4253-16 – Standard Test Methods For Maximum Index Density And Unit Weight Of Soils Using A Vibratory Table.
ASTM D4254-16 – Standard Test Methods For Minimum Index Density And Unit Weight Of Soils And Calculation Of Relative Density.
. Tools used:
.3 3 and the last volume is 14200 cm A comparable cylindrical mold (mold) size 2830 cm .
Plate Base Surcharge (Plate Base Surcharge) .
. An indicator with a handle to measure the difference in height between the surface of the mold and
the base of the weights. . Sieves (75 mm, 37.5 mm, 19 mm, 9.5 mm, 4 sheets, 200 sheets).
5. Vibrating table.
. Press method:
( Maximum Index Density ÿd max )
. Arrange the samples according to the largest grain size according to the following table:
Table (2-3-3) - The size and weight of the molds according to the grain size of the grade
Template size (cm3) desired weight (kg) grain size (mm)

14200 34 75
14200 34 38
2830 11 91
2830 11 9.5
2830 11 4.57 or less
Mix the oven-dried sample well, then fill the mold with a level using a funnel and level the level of the level. The sides of the mold are hit several .
times with a mining rod or rubber hammer or any similar item to fix the level so that the base of the weights can be placed easily.
. Place the base of the weights on the level and add them to the middle to smooth the surface, then open the grip of the base. .
Record the templates on the vibrating table and then place the appropriate weights in the places.
5. Equip the vibration table to have a frequency of 60 Hz and a conjugate voice vibration of 0.33±0.05 mm or a frequency of 50 Hz and a voice vibration
The conjugate is 0.48 ± 0.08 mm.
. The work of the vibrating table lasts 8 ± 0.25 minutes at a frequency of 2 ± 60 Hz or 10 ± 0.25 minutes at a frequency of 2 ± 50 Hz.
7. Ifl al-Qalab, then measure the weight with the rank and the value according to the weight of the rank.
d ÿ, which is equal to the weight of the layer on the volume of the According to the maximum density of the layer max
.
mold: where:
Ms: The weight of the rank of Al-Jafah Al-Mukhtaraba.
V: The volume of the mixed rank. (for calibration, etc.).
. Repeat the process several times until the maximum value of the density of the convergent probability (about 2%) is found, then find the average of these values.
48
Minimum Index Density(ÿd min )

. Arrange the samples according to the largest grain size according to the following table:
Table (3-3)- Preparation of the samples according to the largest grain in the rank
Rank tool (3 The size of the templates (cm desired weight (kg) The size of Akarb Habib (Melam)
Creek 14200 34 75
spoon 14200 34 38
spoon 2830 11 19
A spoon with a diameter of 25 mm 2830 11 9.5
A spoon with a diameter of 25 mm 2830 11 4.75 or less
Mix the dried sample in the oven well, then fill the mold with the grade using the tools described in the table slowly, noting that the grade is not stuck to .
about 25 mm above the surface of the mold to obtain the highest percentage of voids in the grade. . Azel al-Rabbah with extreme
caution using an iron ruler.
. According to the weight of the forms with the rank and mine according to the weight of the rank.
ÿ is equal to the weight of the rank on the volume of the min d According to the minimum density of the rank 5
template. . Repeat the process several times until the value of the minimum density of the convergent movement (about 2%) is found, then find the average of these values.
7. According to the relative density with the following equation:
Dr = (ÿd min - ÿd )*ÿd max / ((ÿd min - ÿd max)*ÿd )
Where:
(Dr-Density Relative): the relative density of the rank.
max ÿd: maximum density.
ÿd: rank density in the field. min
ÿd: the smallest density.
(Specific Gravity of Soils (Gs)) for the weight class of 83-4-4

Specific gravity is used in almost all equations that represent the relationships of the total state of air, water, and solid materials in the world.
Table (1-3-3) - Weight according to the type of rank
specific weight Rank type
2.65-2.68 Numerical
2.65-2.68 sand
2.62-2.68 Tamiya
2.58-2.65 organic clay
2.68-2.75 Inorganic clay
At least 2 Membership rank
Normally, the value of 2.67 is taken for the composite grade and 2.70 for the non-organic grade.
49
ASTM D85414 - Standard Test Methods For Specific Gravity Of Soil Solids By Water Pycnometer.
AASHTO T 100 – Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity of Soils.
. Tools used:
. Distilled according to specifications.
. Heat according to specifications and distilled water.
. The amount of drying oven according to the specifications.
. Press method:
The quality of distilled water according to the following technical specifications. .
. Measure the weight of the iron and the Wa and then determine the temperature
of the iron. . Place the rank in Al-Durq and add the italicized spelling to the third of the Al-Durq. .
My last name is al-Faqaaat al-Faqaaat al-Majij, following one of the following techniques:
With the technique of Al-Gheel Arab, Tashkhani Al-Durq, knead for 15-20 minutes with slow
stirring. Vacuum suction technology according to specifications.
5. Make sure that the temperature of the liquid in the flask is equal to the temperature measured in step 2. 1. Add distilled water to
the flask according to the specifications, then according to the weight of the flask with the level of Wb. .
7. Put all of them in the oven of the first grade and fill them in the evaporation pan, then put them in the oven to dry and determine the weight of the dry grade Wo.
. According to the complete specific weight:
- Specific weight (temperature of the mixture):
Gs @Tx = Wo / (Wo + (Wa - Wb ((
where:
TX: ambient temperature.
Wo: Weight of Al-Jafah in grams.
Wa: the weight of the filled flask at the ambient temperature in grams.
Wb: the weight of the product with the rank and weight at the temperature of the mixture in grams.
Specific weight (temperature 20) = specific weight (c20° @ ÿwater / Tx @ ÿwater) × (xT)
93-4-93 Determination of tolerance percentage of California
It is the measurement of the required load for a needle of a certain diameter and a certain speed in the grade sample at a specific value for the density and density, and the
calculation of the ratio of this load (pressure) to the standard load (pressure) when the needle is 2.5 mm (0.1 inch) or 0.5 mm (0.5 mm). 2 inches) and gives the test
ÿ
information about the extent of swelling of the grade and the amount of strength lost to the grade when the grade is saturated with mortar, and also gives the California
tolerance ratio for the placement of the grade under the asphalt (basic materials), and the test can be performed in the field or in the laboratory, and the following table
explains some of the values Tolerance:
50
Table (1-3-3) (CBR values)
RBC tolerance ratio, product classification, application area, unified system, CSU, Ashto system, OTHSAA M541
A-2-4, A-2-5, A-3* GM, SW, SP, SM Al-Radmiat acceptable / weak 52-8
A-1-b, A-2-4, A-3* MS, PS, WS, MG, PG Al-Ratabiyyah al- good/acceptable 05-52
A-1-a, A-1-b GW, GM Qaida Al-Asas under good 05-56
A-1-a, A-1-b WG The basis excellent 56 I am Akarb
* The condition of being confined
and use the standard values described in the following table to calculate the tolerance ratio:
Table (2-3-3) (CBR account)
standard unit of weight (mijabascal) specific weight (mm)
2.5 6.9
5 10.3
7.5 13
10 16
12.7 18
ASTM D 1883-16 – Standard Test Method For California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
AASHTO T 193-13 – Standard Method of Test for the California Bearing Ratio
. Tools used:
. The tools of the test (CBR) consist of me: Mold
(Mold) according to the following method.
(Base Plate) and Collar (Rammer), either
manual or mechanical. Swelling measuring tool with indicator
and weights. Positive pressure measuring
machine with needle.
. Press method:
. Prepare the sample according to the specifications and variations with the appropriate amount of spelling accordingly
For the desired spelling content.
Take samples from the rank to determine the spelling content of the rank. .
Fig. (1-9-4-3) California ratio determination
device . According to the weight of the cylindrical molds (Mold) without the base and ring. .
Connect the base, the metallic ring and the cylinder with the molds, then put the sheet of the selection.
5. Admak Al-Rabta according to the normal or modified Admak method and the one mentioned above. .
Separate the metal ring from the cylindrical template, then remove the excess level so that the level of the level is equal to the level of the template, and in case
Existence of extravagances in the addition of tarba lasadas, my nafs al-ratba.
51
7. Separate the base and the cylinder, then calculate the weight of the cylindrical mold with the grade, and then determine the weight and density of the grade.
. Put the nomination paper on the al-Qa`ida, then select the sample and connect the al-Qa`lab with the al-
Qa`ida. . Put a group of sufficient weights at least 4.54 kg or according to the specifications. Record the value of these weights. 10. Immerse
the sample completely, then fill the gauge dial with a reading accuracy of 0.01 mm, then set the gauge to zero. 11. Take readings on the results of the
pregnancy specified in the specifications. 12. After the end of the exam, extract the rank
sample and take samples from the first third, the middle third, and the last third to determine the spelling content.
For the rank of Amaldmukah.
13. Draw the pressure curve (kilo pascal) with pressure (mm).
14.California tolerance ratio (CBR) = (pressure value at the test / standard pressure value x 100) (%). 15. It should be noted that when
the tolerance ratio at the penetration is 5 mm, the tolerance ratio at the end must be 2.5 mm.
News again. 16. According
to the average of the spelling content and the density of the spelling before and after the
announcement. 17. Draw the curve of the percentage of swelling (%) with time (minutes) according to the change in the height of the sample.
18. In case of employing the method of not immersing the sample in water, follow the previous steps without immersing the sample in water.
- 53 Al Rakam tests
13-5-5 Analysis of rough and soft materials

(Sieve Analysis Of Fine and Coarse Aggregates)
ÿ
Round or circular. The adoption of this experiment is the method of determining the granularity of coarse and fine aggregates using the sieves of the holes of the jam
AASHTO T2714 - Standard Method of Test for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates.
. Devices:
. The sensitivity of the scales is up to 0.1% of the weight of the sample.
. Standard filters.
. The oven gives a temperature of 110 ± 5 °C.
. Sample volume:
. The sample is divided by a standard dividing device until it reaches the desired weight in almost
natural conditions.
. The weight of my sample and the fine aggregates will be 100 grams in the case of my order
At least 95% of the digit (8)

Figure (3-1-5-1) Standard vacuum cleaner
. The weight of the fine aggregate sample is 500 grams, in the case of at least 85% of the sample (4).
. Al-fass method:
. The sample is dried at a temperature of 110 ± 5 °C.
. The sample is weighed after drying and subjected to washing on a 200 mesh sieve, unless it is necessary to determine the solid content of the 200 mesh sieve.
Ideally, complete drying to a constant weight at a temperature of 110±5°C.
52
. The separation of the sample on the set of sieves that gives the limits of the specific characteristics for the purpose of its intended use, and the grinding process on
the sieves is a horizontal and vertical movement so that the sample remains in a state of continuous movement on the surface of the sieve, and does not allow the
interaction of the materials to pass through the holes of the sieve, and the grinding process continues until it dies. I am the maximum of 1% of the remaining weight
during a full minute, and in the case of using an electronic vibrator, the sample is tested by hand according to the description.
. The weight of the coarse aggregate sample will be:
Table (3-1-5-1) the weight of the coarse aggregate sample according to the total volume of the bag
1/2 3" 3" 1/2 2" 2" 1/2 1" 1" 3/4" 1/2" The total volume of the kiss is 3/8"
1000 2000 5000 10000 15000 20000 35000 60000 100000 weight
ÿÿ
and prepare it
According to paragraphs B and C. The essence of the mixture of coarse and fine aggregates is to separate the sample on the 4th sieve5. Yif al-Ai
. For the number 200 in soft aggregates, follow the AASHTO method (AASHTO-11T05) and specify the minimum number.
No. 200 of the Suf Yail Dhakreh.
7. After the end of the grinding and removal, the weight of the remaining materials on the whole sieve must not be different from the original weight.
For most of my samples, 0.3%
. accounts
ÿÿ
The percentage of each component remaining on all sieves is calculated by dividing this weight by the total weight of the sample, then the cumulative percentage is
calculated, for example, the percentage remaining on the first sieve remains small, but the cumulative percentage on the subsequent sieve is the sum of what remains on
the first and second. Thus, the cumulative ratio remaining on the third is the sum of the first, second, and third, and the calculation of the total cumulative ratio of the
components of the column starts with the smallest particle and then adds the next one, for example, the smallest particle number is the ratio that corresponds to the Chinese
and the largest particle number is our total. On the Chinese and palm trees mentioned above, and so on.
. The report
The report must contain the total percentage of the solid content of the whole sieve or the total percentage of the remaining substance on the whole sieve, as well as the
total percentage of the remaining substance between the following sieves.
. Softness
The smoothness factor is calculated by summing the total remaining percentage of the material on all the sieves and dividing the total by 100. For example, if the total
percentage of the reserved on the sieves is perfect:
Table (2-1-5-3) is an example of calculation of smoothness factor
150 300 600

the total 1.2 2.4 4.76 9.5
micron micron micron
ÿ ÿ
ÿ
246 93 76 41 22 12 2 Zero The remainderSummary Alphabetic ratio
The total number of residues = 246
Vicon coefficient of smoothness: 2.46

ÿ
The value of the coefficient of smoothness increases with the increase of the roughness of the aggregates, and it can have the same coefficient for several grades, so it is
possible to use coefficients to describe the grade, but it is useful to know the changes in the aggregates.
53
(Aggregate Specific Gravity & Absorption) for specific weight amounts 23-5
In this report, the specific weight, total absorbance, apparent absorbance, and absorbance of soft and coarse aggregates at a temperature of 23 degrees
Celsius, which are used in the manufacture of concrete types, are determined.
ASTM C127 - Standard Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
ASTM C128 - Standard Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
AASHTO T 84 - Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
AASHTO T 85 - Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
. Tools used:
. Pycnometer with a capacity of 500 milliliters.
. Conical mold.
Tamper tool weighs 345 grams. . Tools of .
confusion.
5. The amount of weight loss for 5 kg.
. A large container to preserve the sample.
7. A tool for hanging the bowls in spelling.
Figure (1-2-5-3) of the tools used to determine the weight . Press method:
Al-Kil, Zahiri, and Al-Muttasas, with all the details
Soft lumps
Prepare about 1 kg of soft aggregates, then dry them in the oven at 110 degrees Celsius and let them rise, then sprinkle them with flour for 15 minutes. .
19 hours.
A ÿ
Blow air on the sample carefully until it floats on a flat and dry the
surface,
mixture
then
with
drythe
themixture,
surfacethen
of the
add
sample
500 grams
to remove the small particles. Mix a part of .
ÿ
of the aggregates saturated with the
mixture and the dried Surface Saturated .

A
)) then add water to the oven to about 90% and move the oven slowly in a semi-circular motion until the SSD-Dry air bubbles come out and according
to the weight of the oven and the amount and volume.
. Take out the ingredients from the oven and dry them in the oven at a temperature of 110 degrees Celsius by weight.
5. According to the weight of the bowl and it is filled with milk.
. According to specific and specific weight with the following values:
Specific gravity
Bulk Specific Gravity = A/(B + S - C)
Where:
A = weight of the aggregates in the furnace in grams
B = Al-Durq weight with the spelling Balgram
C = the weight of the tablet with spelling and the total in grams
It is full and dry S = Al-Ai's weight
(Saturated Surface Dry - SSD Specimen).
54
Al-Wazn al-Zahiri
Apparent Specific Gravity = A/(B + A – C)
Al-Muttasas
Absorption, percent = [(S – A) / A] x 100
Al-Rakam Al-Kashn
. Prepare about 5 kg of coarse aggregates, after removing the waste materials from the sieve number (4), then wash the aggregates and dry them in an oven at a
temperature of 110 degrees Celsius and leave them to dry for at least 15 hours. It should be noted that the weight of the coarse aggregates depends on the
size of the For the total and the following table shows that:
Table (3-5-3) 1-(Weight of coarse aggregates
Total size (mm) weight Total size (mm) weight
75 18 12.5 2
90 25 19 3
100 40 25 4
112 50 37.5 5
125 75 50 8
150 125 63 12
. Separate the pieces on a piece of paper until the surface is dry, and dry the large samples individually, according to the weight of the
pieces. . Put the numbers in the bowl and calculate the weight in the spelling, noting the absence of any air bubbles
between the numbers. . Dry the ingredients in an oven at 110 degrees Celsius and weigh them.
5. According to specific and specific weight with the following values:
Specific gravity
Bulk Specific Gravity = A/(B – C)
And the total specific weight of the saturated and dried surface mass
B / (B – C) =Specific Gravity Bulk SSD
Where:
A = weight of the aggregates in the furnace in grams
B = Al-Durq weight with the spelling Balgram
C = the weight of the tablet with spelling and the total in grams
Al-Wazn al-Zahiri
Apparent Specific Gravity = A/(A – C(
Al-Muttasas
Absorption, percent = [(B – A) / A] x 100
55
5-33 Aggregate resistance to abrasion (Abrasion Angeles Loss)
The purpose of this report is to determine the resistance of aggregates to 37.5 mm minimum aggregates using the Los Angeles device.
. Technical specifications
ASTM C131/C131M - Standard Test Method For Resistance To Degradation Of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate By Abrasion
And Impact In The Los Angeles Machine
AASHTO T 96 - Standard Method of Test for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine
. The tools used
. Manakhel .
Los Angeles Witcon Man Altail device:
A steel circular cylinder with a diameter of 711 mm and a length of 508 mm, with an opening for inserting and removing samples with a tight cover
to prevent the release of soft materials, and inside an iron shelf along the length of the cylinder and 89 mm inward and fixed on the outside on the
ÿ
horizontal axis, the cylinder rotates around the horizontal axis of the furniture. I 1 to .100
Medium metal balls with a diameter of 46.8 mm and a total weight of between 390 g and 445 g, where the number of these balls depends on the
weight of the sample to be determined, which depends on the gradient of the sample according to the standard:
Table (1-3-5-3) the weight of the sample intended to determine the resistance of the rib
Sample weight in grams sample gradient The number of times
5000 ± 25 A 12
4580 ± 25 B 11
3330 ± 20 c 8
2500 ± 15 d 6
. And he gives the following table of granularity for the samples:
Table (2-3-5-3) Granular Grading of the Pressed Samples for Determining the Resistance of Ribela
Al-Wazn Baljaram Al-Tadraj The size of Amnakhl
d c B A Reserved my snake
- - - 1250 ± 25 25 37.5
- - - 1250 ± 25 19 25
- - 2500 ± 10 1250 ± 10 12.5 19
- - 2500 ± 10 1250 ± 10 9.5 12.5
- 2500 ± 10 - - 6.3 9.5
- 2500 ± 10 - - 4.75 6.3
5000 ± 10 - - - 2.36 4.75
5000 ± 10 5000 ± 10 5000 ± 10 5000 ± 10 the total
56
. Press method
.)W Preparation of clean and dry samples, then weighing to the nearest 5 grams) .
O
. The figures and the number of rounds are applied as shown in the previous table in the Los Angeles machine, and the machine runs 500 cycles at a speed of 30 to 33
revolutions per minute, then the materials are taken out and sieved on a 12-digit sieve, and then the stored materials are washed. (Wf)
and drying, then weighing 5 grams)
. The method of calculating the amount of Rabi in whole numbers:
[(Wo – Wf )/ Wo The value of the ratio (%) = 100 x]
where:
Wo: The original weight of the figures before the announcement.
Wf: the weight of the piles after pressing, after palming, washing and drying.
Figure (1-3-5-3) Los Angeles Erosion Warning Device
57
(Soundness Of Aggregate) 43-5-5 Erosion

In this report, the corrosion resistance of aggregates is determined using sodium carbonate or magnesium carbonate solution to provide information on the effect
of atmospheric factors and erosion on aggregates.
Press method:
ASTM C88/C88M - Standard Test Method For Soundness Of Aggregates By Use Of Sodium Sulfate Or Magnesium Sulfate
AASHTO T 104 - Standard Method of Test for Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
. Tools used:
. The sieves of soft materials are number 4 to number 100
. The pores of coarse materials are 63 mm to 8 mm.
. Immerse the sample in the solution. .
Automatic device for palm trees.
5. The amount of drying oven.
. Sodium carbonate or magnesium carbonate solution.
. Press method:
. The fine particles must be sieved through a 9.5 mm sieve to obtain a weight of at least 100 gm for each of the above sieves, then the sample is washed
on a 0.3 mm sieve and dried in an oven, weighing approximately 0.1 gm.
. Al-Khatbar and coarse numbers must be reserved for the sieve of figure (4) to obtain at least the weight of the following:
Table (3-5-3) 1-(Weight of coarse aggregates according to the sieving rate of erosion of aggregates
Weight in grams I'm sorry

300 ± 5 9.5 – 4.75
1000 ± 10 19-9.5
1500 ± 50 19-37.5
5000 ± 300 63-37.5
The sizes of the scorpions are distributed continuously

1000 ± 7000
Sieve volume 25 mm, all components
. And washing the sample, drying it, and weighing it first.
. Immerse the sample in a container with sodium carbonate or magnesium carbonate solution for at least 6 hours and more than 18 hours.
1 hour until the solution covers the sample completely, and the sample is covered by 12.7 mm. 5. After the end of the immersion period, remove the
sample, then leave it to cool for 15 minutes and place it in the oven at
a temperature of 110 degrees.
Then leave the sample to cool, and repeat the process mentioned in step number 3 several times.
. After the end of the immersion with the solution, wash the sample with salt until the solution is completely gone, and you can confirm that the solution has
been washed by adding Barium Chloride solution and observing the reaction.
58
7. After the end of the bathing process, dry the sample in the oven, and then sift it mechanically on the air that was previously prepared with 10
Minutes and weight of samples.
. Complete examination of samples of 19 mm sieve during the process of immersion, and after the end of the examination in terms of the effects of the solution and the
number of samples that were affected, and cracks or cracks and so on.
A
Calculating the missing amount of the weight of the solid materials compared to the weight of the solids before the start of the test, and calculating the percentage to .
the nearest 0.1% and calculating the solid materials of the porous 0.3mm, but the missing amount is zero.%
5-5-5. Finding the amount of soft materials that are finer than 75 micron
laundry
The purpose of this report is to determine the soft materials of the pore size (75 (200) microns) in numbers.
ASTM C117 - Standard Test Method For Materials Finer Than 75-µm (No. 200) Sieve In Mineral Aggregates By Washing.
AASHTO T 11 - Standard Method of Test for Materials Finer Than 75-µm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing.
. The devices
consist of two filters, one above the other, the bottom is number 200, and the top is number 16, and all are in accordance with the standard specifications of filters.
. A container with a suitable size and enough to absorb the sample covered with the solution, and allows for strong movement without loss or scattering of the solution or
the sample
. The sensitivity level is 0.1% of the weight of the desired test material.
. The oven is able to give a temperature of 110±5 °C.
. Moisturizing substances such as soap, which help to separate soft substances.
. Sample weight:
The test of a well-mixed sample containing sufficient moisture to prevent the separation of grains so that it has the minimum dry weight versus the minimum volume of caltile:
Table (1-5-5-3) minimum dry weight of the sample against volume ratio of the granules
1/2 digit 1" 3/4" figure 3/8" figure Number 4 Number

Total volume
5.73 (mm) 91 (Melam) 5.9 (melm) 57.4 (mm) 8 63.2 (mm)
5 2.5 1 0.5 0.1 Addin weight for the sample (kg)
. Press method:
. The sample was dried to a constant weight at a temperature of 110 ± 5° and the weight of the sample was 0.2%.
ÿ
The sample is placed in a bowl and enough water is added to it with soap to make sure that the soft materials are separated, and the content of the sample is good, .
and the washing water is sprinkled with detergent.
. Repeat the washing process until the washing water is clear.
. All the reserved materials are collected on the basin, then they are dried to a constant weight at a temperature of 110 ± 5°.
59
. Accounts:
x 100 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ
Al-Jaf al-Asil weight - the dry weight after washing The percentage of Amalara products is 200
The original weight
. The report:
According to the report, the amount of soft materials with a fineness of 0.075 mm (number 200) is approximately 0.2%.
63-5- Determining the mass of the gold and the easy-to-find grains in the numbers
This test determines the approximate amount of Latin mass and analyzable materials in numbers.
ASTM C142/C142M - Standard Test Method For Clay Lumps And Friable Particles In Aggregates
AASHTO T 112 - Standard Method of Test for Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Aggregate
. the device
. The amount is accurate to 0.1% of the weight
of the sample. . Vessels of the size and shape allow the spread of the existing sample in the form of a thin layer.
. Standard filters.
. Drying oven at 5°±110°C (230°±9°F).
. samples
. The desired amount for this test consists of the remaining materials after the end of the Ashto test (11 T AASHTO), especially to determine the solid
materials with a sieve of 75 microns and the aggregates removed by washing, and it may be necessary to mix the materials with more than the
Ashto test (11 T AASHTO) to provide the required quantities.
. It freezes at a temperature of 110±5°C.
. The test samples consist of the fine aggregates of the reserved grains on a 1.18 mm sieve with a weight of at least 25 grams. .
Separation of test samples for coarse aggregates using the following sieves: 4.75 mm, 9.5 mm, 19 mm, 37.5 mm, according to the weight of the sample
Notice about the weights described in the following table:
Table (1-6-5-3) required weight for test samples to determine the mass of gold and easy-to-remove grains
The volume of the granules that make up the sample, the lowest weight of the final sample (kg)
4.75 – 9.5 mm
1
(number 4-3/8)
9.5 – 19 mm
2
(3/4 – 3/8)
19-37.5 mm
3
(1 1/2 – 3/4)
5 My blood pressure is 37.5 (1/2 1)
. If there is a mixture of fine and coarse aggregates, separate the mixture on the sieve number (4) and prepare the samples according to clause 4.3.
60
. Press method:
. Weigh the test sample and spread it in the form of a thin layer on the bottom of the container and immerse it in water for 24 hours ± 4 hours, and classify
the grains, break them into soft materials with your fingers and remove them with a palm moistened with a clay cocktail or easy-to-remove granules,
and separate the broken grains from the rest of the sample by using a palm moistened with a sieve. Listed in the following table:
Table (2-6-5-3) the amount of impurities required to remove the remaining gold mass and easily accessible grains
The volume of the particles required to remove

The volume of the particles that make up the sample
the remaining particles is easily accessible
The number is smooth

0.85 mm (number 20)
1.18 mm (number 16)
4.75 – 9.5 mm
2.36 mm (number 8)
(number 4 to 3/8)
9.5 – 19 mm
2.36 mm (number 8)
(3/8" – 3/4")
19-37.5 mm
4.75 mm (number 4)
(3/4" – 1/2 1")
4.75 mm (number 4) My blood pressure is 37.5 (1/2 1)
. The sample is moistened with water and passed through the sieve with manual shaking up to 1 meter of all the materials of least size.
Note:
*
It is easy to break the grains by rubbing and rolling them between the index finger and the thumb, and do not use nails for breaking or pressing.
On a solid surface.
*
The reserved grains are carefully sieved and dried at a temperature of 110±5°C and then weighed to approximately 0.02% of the weight of the original
sample.
. Accounts:
and - and m
x 100 ÿÿÿÿÿ i=
And
where
i = the percentage of the letters of the letter Altani and the grains easy to read.
and = weight of the original aljaf sample.
and M = the weight of the washed, dried, and reserved parts on the washing sieve described in the previous table.
*
The composition of the liquid ratio of Lactel Altan and easy-to-use granules in the case of coarse aggregates is the average based on the ratio of the volume
of Lactel Al-Tan and easy-to-use granules to each part of the container, and the weight according to the grade of the eye. The original before separation or the
middle stage of the curse, which represents the material and is the main explanation. The total volume represented by at least 5% of any volume based on
clause (1-4) but for the purpose of calculating the average weight, it is assumed that it is under half of the volume ratio of the metal and grains. No matter what.
61
73-5-5 Estimation of soft plastic materials in graded and graded solid materials by the
method of properties
ASTM D2419 - 14 - Standard Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate
The aim of this test is to obtain the quantity of soft materials in a gradual and rapid way in the field.
. Device:
. A transparent measuring cylinder with internal diameters of 1.25 inches and a height of about 17 inches, and a graduation of up to 15 inches and a total division
0.1 inch per component.
. My copper tube with an outer diameter of 1/4 inch, the ends are closed, the webs are 60 size holes near the sides.
ÿ
ÿ
My intention is to buy a hole punch and a colored copper tube. A glass placing
or plastic
thecontainer
bottle at with
a height
a volume
of 3 feet
of 1 gallon equipped with a siphon combination and
above the working table.
. A rubber hose with a diameter of 3.16 inches equipped with a compressor to cut off the
current, and this hose is used to connect the copper pipe to the Alsiphon.
5. The gravity base consists of an 18-inch-long mining rod equipped with a 1-inch diameter
conical base at the bottom end, and the base has three small spiral screws so that the base
is concentrated in the cylinder, and it acts as a cover for the top of the cylinder and surrounds
the rod without any seams, for the purpose of concentrating the top of the rod. Inside the
cylinder, it is mounted on the top of the gravity rod so that the weight of the combination is
1 kg.
3
.) 3 oz (85 cm) measuring box .
7. Wide funnel to transfer the rank to the cylinder.
Press solutions used in the experiment:
A. 454 grams of deuterated calcium chloride .
Fig. (1-7-5-3) The device for determining the alcohol content of Al-Ramil . 2050 g (1640 cm3) gelatin (PSU).
47 g (45 cm3) of formaldehyde (40% by volume). .
Dissolve calcium chloride in 1/2 gallon of spelled fruit and filter the filter paper number (12) or any similar filter paper.
Add glycerin and formaldehyde to the filtered solution and mix well, then reduce to 1 gallon, and it can be distilled or distilled water.
Reduce 85 cm3 of the previous solution to the volume of 1 gallon of tap water and fill the included cylinder up to the 4.4-inch mark to obtain 85 cm3 of the solution.
And it is possible to test the validity of water by comparing the results of the Amal-e-Ramil test using this spelling with the results using the distilled spelling.
. Action steps:
. Preparation of the sample: it is preferable that the sample to be tested is wet and then sifted through a 4-digit sieve, and if the coarse particles are coated
The materials can be removed in the season, because they dry, then separate with the hand and add dust to the soft part of the sample.
. Preparing the Al-Siphon to work and conquer the Daghat.
. Pour the solution using a syphone and a press cylinder up to a depth of 4 inches.
62
. Pour into the cylinder the volume of the measuring box of the grade sample, which is equivalent to 110 g of the bulk material, and beat the bottom of the
cylinder well with the palm of your hand several times to expel any air bubbles, as well as to help the sample, then leave the grade for 10 minutes.
ÿ
ÿ
Next, move strongly from side to side in a horizontal direction, and make 90 cycles in about 30 After that, cover the cylinder with a dam 5
seconds, so that it is about 8 inches (20 cm), where the cycle consists of a complete movement back and forth, and even if it is well, it is necessary for
this process to be employed. Al-Urjam is only with the body and shoulders in a relaxed state, and a device is used for this purpose.
Remove the stopper and place the copper pipe in the places and rinse the sides of the cylinder, then the pipe is lowered to the bottom of the cylinder, thus .
separating the aluminum material and rising to the top and the sand remains at the bottom. When the height of the filling reaches the 15-inch mark, the
copper tube is raised quietly without interrupting the flow of the filling so that it maintains the liquid level at about 15 inch while withdrawing the tube, then
ÿ
a minute, knowing that any vibration or stirring during this time will affect the precipitation rate of the product without stirring the 20-liter sample and thus
give an unhealthy result.
7. After 20 minutes, record the surface of the metal to the nearest 0.1 inch.
. The gravity base is gently lowered into the cylinder until it rests on the surface of the sand, then gently and without pressing down until it sees one of the
spiral pins that fix the axis, then the corresponding record is recorded at the axis of the spiral pins, and this reading is the corresponding reading of the
sand.
. Account:
Reading at the surface of the sand

sample Amalkafe Al-Ramil = 100 × reading at the surface of the
If the value of the coefficients is lower than the specified value, then the final tests are performed on the same material, and the average value of the three results
is taken as the coefficients.
Standard Test Method for Unit Weight and Volume of Unit Weight Determination - 83-5
) Voids in Aggregate
This method includes the steps of determining the weight of the volume unit for soft, rough
and mixed materials, including those used in cement concrete.
ASTM C29/C29M - Standard Test Method For Bulk Density ("Unit
Weight”) And Voids In Aggregate
AASHTO T 19M/T 19 - Standard Method of Test for Bulk Density
("Unit Weight") and Voids in Aggregate
Figure (2-7-5-3) the containers used to determine the weight of the

. Devices:
unit volume of materials
. The amount of sensitivity is up to 0.3% of the sample weight.
. My steel deck rod is approximately 5.8 inches in diameter and 24 inches long, with a rounded end in the form of a hemisphere of 5.8 inches in diameter.
. The cylindrical and cylindrical measuring cup must be rigid and withstand heavy contact. For the owners of the 1/2 3-step unit and the 3-step unit, the upper
bar must be 10 or 12-inch steel with a width of 1/2 inch.
The required volume of the material depends on the total volume of the coarse grains according to the following table:
63
Table (3-5-1) - Desired property volume according to the absolute size of coarse grains
Total nominal
Al-Sameh Al-Adin (MM) Internal height Inner diameter Al-Saat
size (mm)
(mm) (mm) Mert-X410 3
the wall The surface of al-Safil
13 2.5 5 154 ± 2.5 152 ± 2.5 28.317
25 2.5 5 292 ± 2.5 203 ± 2.5 94.39
38 3 5 279 ± 2.5 254 ± 2.5 141.585
101 3 5 284 ± 2.5 356 ± 2.5 283.17
Table of figures (3-5-2) - Desired temperature levels according to the size of coarse grains
Pounds / temperature
kg / m3
cubic feet
Fahrenheit degree Celsius
999.01 62.366 15.6 60
998.54 62.336 18.3 65
997.97 62.3001 21.1 70
997.54 62.274 23 73.4
997.32 62.261 23.9 75
996.59 62.216 26.7 80
995.83 62.166 29.4 85
. Sample newspaper
ÿ
Obtaining the test sample with the desired weight by the method of electronic division or quadripartition according to the Ashtou method.
AASHTO-248T) then dry the selected part of fixed lozenge at a temperature of 110 ± 5°M and mix well.
. Property calibration
. Pour the liquid mixture at room temperature and cover with a glass plate to remove bubbles and excess liquid.
. Determines the weight of Amla Al-Saif with accuracy ± 0.1%
. Measure the temperature of the material and determine the unit weight of the material from the previous table, and take the average value when necessary.
. It is calculated according to the property value, by dividing the unit size of the property by the desired weight of the property property.
. Damak method
Apply these steps to raw materials measuring 1/2 inch or less.

ÿ
ÿ
surface, then rub the third third with Rub the upper third with your fingers and the surface of the layer with a rod 25 times distributed over the entire .
a rod 25 times, then rub the end of the rod 25 times, and remove the excess material by interacting with the straight part of the rod to smooth it.
. The thickness of the first layer does not allow the rod to penetrate to the bottom of the scale, and when the second and final layer is laid, the thickness
is sufficient so that the rod penetrates the bottom of the previous layer for the materials contained in the scale.
. Determines the net weight of the materials in the property and obtains the weight of the unit volume of the materials against the net weight of the materials in the
The properties specified in the fourth item of property calibration.
64
. Alhaz method
. The application of this method for pure materials, size 1/2 1 inch and more than 4 inches.
. The property is placed on three equal layers, the first, second, and third of the property, and each layer is placed on a fixed base, such as a cement
concrete floor, and the opposite sides of the property are raised alternately about 2 inches from the base, then it falls suddenly as a sudden blow, and
the particles are arranged in this way and become a property. Tom, and help the whole class against the property of 50
ÿ
Once for each side, then level the material with a finger or a straight rod so that it is equal to the number of times described above, i.e. 25 or 25 for the
large cut of the coarse material and the large gaps in the surface of the material under the level of the upper edge of the property.
. Determines the net weight of the materials inside the property, and then obtains the weight of the unit volume divided by the net weight of the materials in
Real estate transaction.
. Aljarov method
. This method is applicable to raw materials measuring 4 inches or less.
. Pour the material to the end using a scoop or a scoop, to a height that separates the material from 2 inches above the material, and take as much care
ÿ
as possible to prevent volume separation of the sample. I have coarse materials and spaces in the surface of the materials under the level of the upper
edge of the property.
. Determines the net weight of the material and obtains the weight of the volume unit divided by the net weight in the property factor.
63- Asphalt tests and asphalt mixtures
6-13 Liquid asphalt tests

6-1-13 Taking samples representing Asphalt Sampling Materials
AASHTO R-66 – Standard Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials.
This method applies to how to take samples of asphaltic materials, whether they are liquid, semi-solid, or solid, at the time of manufacturing, at the storage
station, at the supply station, at the loading point, and at the time of operation, and taking the samples either from tanks, reserve stocks, vehicles, or Containers
used to store or ship asphalt materials. And taking samples representative of the materials of the same importance as conducting tests on them, all necessary
precautions must be taken to obtain samples representative of the true nature of the material as well as the necessary condition of the materials.
So that the minimum volume of quality liquid materials is:
Department of Routine Destructive Tests for Emulsions.
Lert my unit, the material of Asphalt.
Whether the volume of semi-solid or solid quality samples:
one to two kilograms, barrels, cylinders, or molds.
23-6-1-23 flash degree and ignition degree according to the open Cleveland method (Binder Asphalt of Point Flash)
) by Cleveland Open Cup
The description of this method is the steps of the test to determine the degree of flash and the degree of ignition according to the open method for petroleum
products and other liquids, except for fuel and materials that have a flash degree in the open test of at least 219°M or at most 400°M.
65
AASHTO T 48 – Standard Method of Test for Flash Point of Asphalt Binder by Cleveland Open Cup
. Press method:
According to the test, the sample is inclined to the specified ratio and the temperature of the sample is raised at an initial speed, then at a constant
slow rate, it approaches the flash point, and passes through the Arab micro-test flame according to a uniform speed for a certain distance, and records
the temperature at which evaporation occurs above the surface of the liquid, which starts after the flash when attacked. To determine the ignition point,
the steam continues until it causes the flame to ignite the oil, and the ignition continues for at least 5
seconds. Recording the temperature of the flash point when reading on the abstract temperature scale, the appearance of the flash at any point on the
oil surface without mixing the real flash with the blue flame surrounded by the flame. It is used to carry out the test according to the open Klifland, and
it is made according to the test and the Taskhni panel and the stove and the stove in the figure (1-6-1-3).
Figure (3-1-6-1) Cleveland device
6-1-33 Determination of the degree of penetration of bituminous materials (Bituminous Materials of Penetration)
The description of this method is the method of determining the amount of aggregate for semi-solid and solid bituminous materials, and this method is carried out by melting
the sample and heating under sealed containers, and measuring the amount of aggregate using a standard gauge and needle.
It is known as the amount of the needle as the distance in millimeter, which the standard needle penetrates vertically in the sample under constant
conditions of temperature, load and time.
ASTM D5/D5M – Standard Test Method For Penetration Of Bituminous Materials
AASHTO T 49 – Standard Method of Test for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
66
. Gharz device:
Any device that allows the axis to move vertically without any friction is accepted, and the readings of the object are accurate to the nearest 0.1 mm,
giving results that agree with the description of the object, and the surface that rests on the sample container must be flat, and the axis must be pressed
against this surface. At an angle of approximately 90 degrees, it should be possible to carry the axle so that it can be separated from the device without
using any special tools to check
the weight. When the needle is assembled in the sleeve, the weight of the movable axis must be 47.5 ± 0.05 grams, and regardless of the method of
fixing the needle, the total weight of the needle and axis must be 50 ±
0.1 grams. At least weights of 50 ± 0.05 grams and 100 ± 0.05 grams should be available so that there are total loads weighing 100 grams and 200
grams (approximately equivalent to 1.0 newtons and 2.0 newtons) depending on the required press containers.
. Al-Ibra:
(Mughats) and completely stainless steel, with the needle manufacturing temperature described in figure (2-1-6-3)
m or equal The length of the needle is approximately 50 mm (2 inches) and the diameters vary between 1.00 and 1.02 mm (0.039 to 0.040 440°
ÿ
inches), but one of the ends should be in the shape of a cone with an angle ranging from 8.7 to 9.7 degrees, depending on the length of the entire
diameter of the needle. The axis coincides with the axis of the needle in about 0.02 mm (0.008 inches) at most, and after cutting, the end of the cone
must be polished to be an incomplete cone, and the diameter of the small base is between 0.14 to 0.16 mm (0.0055 to 0.0063 inches) and the section
must be square at the connection of the axis of the needle. There are about 100 degrees and the letters are acute and empty.
Figure (2-1-6-3) Gharz test needle
When measuring the surface texture of a right-angled cone using standard specification number (46.1B) (affiliated to the American National Institute for
Standardization or ISO 468) - the average calculated height and roughness of the surface will be 0.2 to 0.3 micrometers (8 to 12 microns). The side
of the sewing device or the sleeve is approximately 40 to 45 mm (1.57 to 1.77 inches), and when the needle is fixed in the sleeve, which is made of a
cylindrical rod, the drop is 3.2 ± 0.05 mm (0.126 ± 0.002 inches) and 38 ± 1 mm (1.5 inches) long. ± 0.04 inches (almost made of stainless steel or
yellow copper so that the needle is fixed tightly and united with the axis, and the weight of the sleeve and the needle together is 2.50 ± 0.05 grams
(allows for a hole at the end of the sleeve to control the weight).
. Bowls:
The containers used to test the sample are made of metal or glass in the shape of a cylinder and have a flat base, and the containers used for materials
with a hardness of 200 or less must have a capacity of 3 ounces (90 milliliters), and the internal dimensions must be: diameter 55 mm (2.17 inches) and
35 mm (1.38 inches) deep.
67
. Spelling:
The equilibrium temperature of the welding machine must be 25°C ± 0.1°C or another temperature that does not change by more than 0.1°C from the
temperature of the test, and the amount of welding must not be less than 10 L, and the height of the welding machine must be such that the shelf of the hole
is The dimension is at least 50 mm above the bottom of the weld, and the level of the welding surface is at least 100 mm higher than the top of the perforated
shelf, and it must not be allowed to contaminate the soldering iron with oil or gold, and it is possible to use a salt solution in the soldering iron to monitor low
temperatures. If the tests of the Gharz level are not carried out without the sample, then the snow must be provided with sufficient strength to support the Gharz device.
. Temperature gauges:
The following parameters are in accordance with the requirements of the specifications of the American Materials Testing Association:
Table (3-1-6-1) approved standards for determining the degree of graininess of bituminous materials
Majal ASTM figure
19 to 27 °C (66 to 80 °F) 17 AD or 17 AD
8 to 32 °C (18 to 89 °F) 63 AD or 63 F
25 to 55 °C (77 to 131 °F) 64 AD or 64 F
Since the accuracy of the test results depends on the accurately controlled temperature conditions, therefore, it is necessary to calibrate the scale used in
the spelling bath by (inspection test and calibration of the engraved scale of the liquid essence inside the glass described in the specification)
77E). In the case of employing other standards, the standards must be according to the standards (ASTM M1137E1137/E).
. According to the special transportation of the containers
When it is used, it must be according to the specifications for cylindrical containers with a flat bottom made of glass or mineral, the container will be equipped
with some means to ensure the strength of the impact and prevent vibration, and the inner diameter of the container should be at least 55 mm (2.17) and the
depth above the container should be at least At least 35mm (1.38") minimum, taking into account the validity of the degree of at least 200mm.
Timing tool .
You can hire any suitable timing device for manual operation devices, such as an electric device, a stopwatch, or a device equipped with a timer, provided
that it is graduated to 0.1 second or less, and the device has an accuracy of ± 0.1 second for 60 seconds. Also, the number of audible seconds can be
recorded with a total accuracy of 0.5 seconds, and the time span of ± 0.1 seconds must be included. If there is an automatic timing device connected to
the device, the device must be accurately calibrated to give the desired delay time by ± 0.1 seconds.
. Sample preparation
. The sample is heated, taking care not to interfere with local heating, until it becomes liquid. Then, the heating is done with continuous stirring without
exceeding the temperature of the asphalt sample at 60°C when using pitch tar asphalt, according to the 36D test method, or at most 90°C when using
bitumen asphalt. . The sample must be heated enough to contain the fluids. Avoiding air bubbles in the sample. After that, pour the sample in the
containers so that it is cooled to the temperature of the test, above the expected depth of the needle punch by at least 120%, and separate samples
must be poured at every change in the test containers.
. Cover the entire pot and its contents to protect it from dust, and let it dry in the air at a temperature not exceeding 30°M (86°F) and below 15°M (59°F)
for 20 to 40 minutes in separate small bowls (8x33). MM, and the length of an hour and a half is longer than an hour and a half for medium-sized
dishes (35x55) mm, and the length of an hour and a half is longer than an hour for large dishes. Then place the sample in the heating bath that is at
the specified temperature for the above test according to the transfer (if it is used).
68
. Press method:
We mention that, on the other hand, a weight of 50 grams is placed above the needle so that the total load is 100±0.1 grams for the needle and accessories, and .
ÿ
if the test and the suture device are immersed in the solder, then the sample container is placed on the vertical surface of the suture device. However, if the tests
and the sample are carried out in the welding machine and the external sewing device, the vessels should be placed on the shelf provided with the welding
machine in the previous steps, and the vessels must be left completely submerged during the test. It is allowed to cover the entire surface of the sample, then it is
placed according to the transport of the sample contained on the vertical device of the implant and the test is performed at the moment, and in each case, the
needle applied with the relevant gravity will make contact with the surface of the sample, and this can be achieved by matching the side of the needle with the
images reflected on the surface of the sample. This is by interacting with the source of the subject light in a suitable place, and taking the pointer reading or
recording the pointer at zero, then shooting the needle at a specific temporal speed, and recording the device for measuring the distance created (arsh al-millirt)
and observing the sample container when employing the needle, and if any movement of the blade is noticed, this should be ignored. The result and re-experiment
must be recorded at least three values of the deviation at points on the surface of the sample so that the distance from
the wall of the vessel is not less than 10 mm (8/3)
inch), and the dimension is not less than 10 mm (3/8 inch), and if it is used according to the transfer, the sample and the sample are sent to the sewing machine
after each stitch, and before each test, the needle is cleaned with a piece of clean reed soaked in cotton wool or any other suitable solvent for removal. All the
adhesive bitumen is then dried with a piece of clean, dry cloth, and a third needle is used for at least 200 stitches in the sample until the stitches are finished.
. The report:
Record the nearest correct number, the average of the three readings, at least, and the prices do not differ at most from the listed values of the family:
Table (2-1-6-3) Al-Aqis difference between the values that are obtained by the Al-Gharz test
250 150 50 Zero my instinct
500 249 149 49 El
20 12 4 2 The total difference between the highest and lowest values is obtained
. Accuracy:
The acceptable range of the results (with 95% confidence) is determined by multiplying the standard deviation by 2.83 and converting the number to the nearest whole number
(without intervals).
Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts - 6-1-43
ASTM D21702170/M-18 – Standard Test Method For Kinematic Viscosity Of Asphalts
AASHTO T 201 – Standard Method of Test for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts (Bitumens)
. Purpose:
. This method covers the process of determining the kinetic viscosity at a temperature of 60°C (140°F) for liquid asphalt (bituminous) and road oils and the remaining
part of liquid asphalt (bituminous) distillation, and at a temperature of 135°C (275°F) for semi-solid asphalt. Note 1) The viscosity varies from 6 to 100,000 mm/2s
(traditional stock CST). . The results of this method can be used to calculate the viscosity when the density of the mixture
is known at the temperature
Al-Akhtar or makes calculations.
69
Note (1) This method is suitable for use at other temperatures, but the acceptable accuracy given in the case of applying this method to
liquid asphalt and road oils at 60°C (140°F) as well as to semi-solid asphalt at 135°C (275°F) only The viscosity varies between 30 and
6000 mm/2s (centistock CST).
. Summary of the method:
The measurement of the time required for the flow of the mean volume of the liquid in a precise path inside a capillary tube with a calibrated capillary
tube, under accurately repeatable pressure and at a constant temperature to a large extent. After that, the kinetic viscosity is calculated by multiplying
the rolling time in seconds by calibrating the viscosity scale.
. Definitions:
1. The kinetic viscosity
It is the ratio of the viscosity factor to the density of the liquid, which is the measure of the resistance to the flow of the liquid under the influence of gravity.
2/s and the name of stock (1 stock), but in the Iranian system, the unit of kinematic viscosity in the Iranian oil system is 1 universal
sam, the unit of kinematic viscosity is 1 m/2 s, which is equal to 104 stocks. The most commonly used unit is the traditional stock,
2/s, and you can write 1 stok cent = 10-2 stok. i.e. 1 mm
.- The density
It is the weight of the single mass of the liquid, which is equal to 1 g/cm3 in the French imperial system and equal to 1 kg/m3
In Nizam al-Dawil Laluhadat.
3. The viscosity
The degree of viscosity is the ratio between the effective shear stress and the shear rate with the viscosity factor, so this factor is a scale factor.
The flow resistance of the liquid, which is generally called the viscosity of the liquid, and the unit of viscosity in the Farnis Emirati system is 1 g/
Poise (1 dyn.s/cm2) and Poise (the unit of viscosity in the Al-Dual system of units) is 1 newton m/m2
It is equal to 10 boys, and we usually use the traditional unit of boys (1 boyz = 2-10 boys).
. Used devices:
1. Viscometers
The use of viscosimeters of the poetic style, which is made of hard borosilicate glass, is suitable for this test and includes the following:
Viscosity scale of the second type (Canon-Finsk) for liquid liquids
Viscosity scale of the type (zitfos) with two arms and a cross
Type I Viscosity Scale (Elnetz-Zitfos)
Viscosity scale conforming to British standards, modified with opposite directions and in the shape of a tube.
.- THERMOMETERS
The temperature gauges for kinematic viscosity and calibration according to the specifications of the American Society of Chemical Materials are
characterized by 58.6 °C to 61.4 °C (137.5 °F to 142.5 °F) and 133.6 °C to 136.4 °C (272.5 °F to 277.5 °F) and compliance with the requirements The
numbers of numbers 47 and 110°M (47 and 110°F) are in order.
It is allowed to use other means to measure temperatures, provided that the accuracies and sensitivities are equal to those of the standards
listed in the above specifications.
70
The theme of unification of temperature scales (scales) 47 °C and 110 °C (47 °F and 110 °F) according to the specifications of the American Society at Al-
Ghamar al-Kil, which means that Al-Ghamar is up to the top of the perpendicular with the remaining part of the leg and the chamber extending to the top of
the scale. The temperature is subject to room temperature, and it is recommended to submerge all the temperature gauges, so if the temperature gauges
are completely submerged, it is a bad sign to determine the necessary decisions for each scale, based on the calibration under the submerged containers.
If the temperature scale is completely submerged, During the heating, the gas pressure in the expansion chamber is higher or lower during the height
measurement, leading to high or low readings on the temperature scale.
The specifications of the American Society of Al-Khatbar have been developed for technical data on the technical methods of calibrating thermometers.
Fig. (3-1-6-3-b) The viscosity scale of the second type (Zitfos) of Dhul- Figure (3-1-6-3-A) Viscosity scale type I (Finsk-Center)
ul-Ra'at overview
3. Al-Hamam spelling
If the welding is suitable, the viscometer (viscometer) (such as the one belonging to the tank of the liquid or the top of the al-Qanat al-Shaariyyah) is 20 mm
from the bottom, belonging to the upper welding, with the ease of visual inspection. Viscosity scale and temperature scale, and it should be the concentration
with of the viscosity scale. constant or the viscosity scale of a part of the weld. It should be the activity of turning and balancing between the amount of lost
heat and the amount of internal heat, since the internal temperature of the weld is more than ±0.03°M (±0.05°F) The extension of the length of the viscosity
scale Viscosity of steel in different places of welding, or from the scale of steel placed in different vessels at a temperature of 60°C (140°F).
It is suitable for welding at 60°C (140°F), while white oil (USP) (with a high viscosity of 215°C (420°F)) is suitable for testing at 135°C. 275 °F (, and
determining the degree of flash according to the notification of the degree of flash and the degree of ignition according to the open method of Cleveland
(AASHTO 48T).
.- Timing devices
The timing .
device uses a stopwatch or any other timing device, and is calibrated in divisions of 0.1s or less and has an accuracy of about 0.05% in tests of
at least 15 minutes. Electric timing device
71
It is used only in electrical circuits that control traffic to an accuracy of 0.05% or better.
It was noted that the electric currents of Alti are controlling the traffic intermittently but not continuously (Ka
Currently, in most of the public power systems, it leads to major errors, especially in the case of short-circuit timing when they are used to
operate electrical timing devices.
5. Sample preparation
Please follow the following instructions to reduce the loss of volatile components and to get the results of addiction.
And he:
1-5 The method used for liquid asphalt (bituminous) and road surface.
Leave the samples in the flask until they reach room temperature.
Open the sample container and mix the sample well by inverting for 30 seconds, taking care not to create trapped air, and if the sample is
viscous to the degree of difficulty of the inversion process, it is allowed to place the sample in a completely sealed container. Ren with
constant temperature at 63 ± 3°M (145). ± 5 °F (until dawn, liquid enough for turning).
The sample is ground on the viscosity scale immediately.
inside a bowl or several clean bowls of approximately 30 milliliters, then close the bowl or bowls immediately
With a cover that prevents air from entering.
In the case of materials with a kinetic viscosity of 800 mm/2s (centi-stoke) at a temperature of 60°C (140°F), heat the sample of 20
milliliters in a sealed vessel in an oven or a holder at a temperature of 6 3°±3°M) 145 ± 5 °F (until the morning is liquid enough to transfer
easily inside the viscosity scale, you should increase the temperature of the oven for 30 minutes.
2-5 steps for semi-solid asphalt (CEMENT ASPHALT)
Warming the sample with the necessary equipment to avoid excessive local heating until it becomes liquid enough to be used, then mixing
the sample gently and finally to help in the transfer of heat and the temperature of the aljaid.
Pour at least 20 milliliters into suitable containers to start heating until the temperature reaches 135 ± 5.5 °C (275 ± 10 °F), and continue
stirring between the first and last to avoid excessive local heating, taking into account the lack of air retention.
. Press steps
There is a slight difference in the details required to carry out the test, depending on the type of viscosity scale used, as the reasons for using .
it, it is necessary to follow the method described in clauses (2-2) to (8-8) in all cases.
. Keep the welding at the recommended temperature of ± 0.01 °C (± 0.02 °F), and make the necessary corrections, if necessary, in total
Temperature scale readings.
. Use a clean and dry viscometer to give the mixture a 60-second time and then preheat it to
The temperature of the news.
72
Al-Masqat al-Ilaki Al-Masqat al-Rais

Figure (3-1-6-3c) Viscosity scale of type I (Elnetz-Zitfos)
Al-Musqat al-Islaki Al-Masqat Al-Raees
Figure (3-1-6-3-d) Al-Lujah scale of the reverse
73
Figure (3-1-6-3) viscosity scale
. The viscosity scale is measured according to the device's decision.
5. Leaving the filled viscosity scale in the bath for a sufficient time until it reaches the temperature of the
test. . Asphalt flow onset in the viscosity scale.
7. Measuring the time required for the advanced heft of the surface of the question from the first sign to the second sign with an accuracy of 0.1
seconds, so if the time is less than 60 seconds, I can use the viscosity scale at the end of the poetic channel. Few drops from the beginning.
Then the repetition of the operation.
. After the end of the test, clean the viscometer thoroughly by rinsing it several times with a solvent suitable for mixing the sample completely,
then rinse the volatile solvent completely and dry the tube using a slow jet of air. H and Jaff Khal al-Qanat al-Sha'ariyyah, the accuracy or
even the removal of the entire effect to the recipient, and the end of the cleaning of the device. Periodically, chromic acid solution is used to
remove organic deposits, then it is rinsed with distilled water and acetone to remove the deposits, and finally it is dried with dry air.
Masfa
. accounts
Calculate the kinetic viscosity to the nearest third digit using the following equation:
Al-Lujjah al-Harakiyyah, mm/2th (traditional stok) = M. Z
Where:
M = calibration constant of the viscometer (centi-stoke/s) G = mixing time (s).
. The report
I record the temperature of the test with the results, for example: -
the dynamic viscosity at 60 °C (140 °F) is equal to 75.6 centimetres.
. degree of accuracy
According to the table below, the criteria for judging the extent of accepting the results of viscosity tests in this way.
74
It is believed that the al-Qayyim given in the second column are the maamat al-tabayin al-ti wajd and they are the study of the materials and the conditions of the
examination described in the first column. And the ta'tar al-qayim given in the third column is that the limits of the latter must not exceed the difference between the results.
Al-Khatbarin, the theme of the implementation of the correct syntax.
Table (3-1-6-3) criteria for accepting the results of viscosity tests
Acceptable limits for obtaining the coefficient of variation (percentage) and

Spelling and proof of type
average percentage (A) mean (A)
The accuracy of repeating my results is close to one
1.8 0.64 Liquid asphalt at 135 °C (275 °F)
Liquid asphalt at 60 °C (140 °F)
1.5 0.53 At least 3000 cents of stock
2.0 0.71 I 0003 to 6000 cents of stock
8.9 3.2 Above me or equal to 6000 stock cents
The accuracy of repeating the results of different experiments
8.8 3.1 Liquid asphalt at 135 °C (275 °F)
Liquid asphalt at 60 °C (140 °F)
3.0 1.06 At least 3000 cents of stock
9.0 3.11 From 0003 to 6000 cents of stock (B) above or
10.0 3.6 equal to 6000 cents of stock (B)
. Standardization
The routine calibration of the viscosity scale using the standards for the liquid viscosity of the liquid viscosity test - from table (3) - for the melting time of at least 200
°C and that is at the temperature of the calibration and preferably 37.8 °C. 100 °F (and sets the time of the arc of 0.1 seconds, Then calculate the viscosity scale (b)
as: b = z / n
Where:
2/2 (Traditional stock) (Z = Viscosity of al-Qayys, mm
N = time of the transition (seconds)
Note that the constant of the viscosity scale does not depend on the temperature of the following types of viscosity scales:
. Zitfus Dhul-ul-Ra'am Al-Mustaresh
. Valentz-Zitfos (RF-IP-BS) (U-shaped tube)
And distinguish the viscosity scale of the liquid liquids (Kanon-Finsk model) with a constant value for the liquid orphan at the absolute temperature. What is Yas Al-
Luzha?
. ]) –
L e- Viscosity scale constant (b) = bm ]) 1 + m( ) h
Where:
BM = Viscosity scale constant when filled and tested at breath temperature
E = temperature
M = temperature dependent factor
H, L = the first emission (H) to the temperature of the heat exchanger, the second emission (L) to the temperature of the filling
75
and calculate the temperature-dependent constant using the following equation:
)H 4c) th l-th 2 f= The factor, m = 4 a c / ÿ q

2f ÿ
) - Hal h)
Where:
3) C = cargo volume)
Q = the average diameter of the liquid surface in the upper reservoir.
F = average effective pressure rise. A =
Coefficient of thermal expansion of the test sample between the full temperature and the test temperature.
Th = density The lower
symbols (H, L) = the same as previously. If the
viscosity scale is used at a different location from the measurement location, the constant (B) must be corrected for the difference in the acceleration of
gravity (A) for the following subjects:
1
× Th =
2 A.S
2
1A
Where:
= calibration constant in the newspaper column 2 Th
1 = calibration constant in calibration reagent Th
2 = the gravity wheel in the vicinity of Alakhtbar A
1= the gravitational force of the calibration curve
It is necessary to mention the evidences of viscosity meters, the value of "A" in the calibration position, and it should be noted that the error in the correction of
gravity is equal to 0.2%.
Table (4-1-6-3) of the standard specifications of viscous lubricants
2) (Traditional Stock) Al-Harakiyyah al-Adafimiya, mm According to the standard specifications of lubricants

Proceedings of the Al-Khatbar American Society
At 04°M (401°F) At 05°M (221°F) At 001°M (212°F) Amlwad al-Lujjah
7.5 35 54 D 60
20 110 180 D 200
50 310 520 D 600
72 800 1600 d 2000
240 3200 6700 8000 d
630 11000 23000 30,000 d
Routine viscosity scale calibration with reference viscosity scale
I have tested the broil oil for a minimum of 200 seconds. Such a measure of viscosity is comparable with the choice of the value of the constant "b". This
viscosity scale is the apparent viscosity scale, which is calibrated by "increasing or doubling" by using large-diameter intrinsic viscosity scales.
A
76
Visual viscosity, or a routine viscosity scale of the same type, which is calibrated with a comparison of visual viscosity scales. And the
presence of calibration viscosity scales available from a number of commercial manufacturers.
The position of the standard viscosity scale with the desired viscosity scale is calibrated inside the breather, and then it determines the oil flow time
using the method described in the sixth paragraph. According
to the constant (b) complete Yale:

2 × b 2T =
1b
)
1
T
Where:
= Al-Habitat (b) Malqiyas al-Lujjah Al-Routini 1 b
= the time of turning according to the routine viscosity measure of approximately 0.1 s 1 T
= Al-Habitat (b) Malqiyas al-Lujja Al-Qayys 2 b
= the time of Al-Ansiab according to the relative viscosity of Alqrab 0.1 s 2

T
53-6-1-Viscosity of Asphalt by Vacuum by Asphalts of Viscosity
) Capillary Viscometer
ASTM D 21712171/M-18 – Standard Test Method For Viscosity Of Asphalts By Vacuum Capillary Viscometer
AASHTO T 202 – Standard Method of Test for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer
. Amajal
The scope of this method is to determine the apparent viscosity of asphalt (bitumen) using vacuum capillary viscometers at a
temperature of 60°C (140°F), and it uses materials with a viscosity ranging between 0.036 and
200.000
boise. Note: This method is suitable for use at temperatures Others, however, the specified accuracy depends on the provisions
related to semi-rigid asphalt at a temperature of 60°C (140°F).
. Summary of the method
The measurement of the time required to withdraw the mean amount of liquid through the poetic tube by means of vacuum, under controlled containers, to our
extent, in terms of vacuum and temperature. Calculating the absolute viscosity in boys as the result of the mixing time of boiling in water as a constant for the
calibration of the viscosity scale.
. Definitions
. The calculation of absolute or dynamic viscosity for Newton's problems is the internal friction that arises when the force of the tangent
of values (1) is applied to the planes of unit areas separated by unit distances at the tangent velocity of values of unit velocities, and
in this case, the viscosity of the liquid is equal to (1) Boise.
. Al-Qasal al-Newtwin is the al-Qasal which is proportional to the total stress with the total stress and the ratio of the total stress to the total total
The constant is the viscosity of the liquid, so if this ratio is constant, then the liquid is non-Newtonian.
. The device and equipment used
1. The temperature scale of the
kinematic viscosity thermometer according to the specifications of the American Materials Testing Association at a temperature of 60 °C (140 °F), and according
to the requirements of the temperature scale of 47 °F and 47 °C specified in the specifications, and tools for measuring temperatures must be employed provided
that they are compatible with the requirements This is the test specified in American specifications.
77
The above-mentioned temperature scale has been calibrated at the end of the immersion, which means the immersion up to the top of the mercury axis. It is
recommended to completely submerge the temperature scale, but if these scales are completely submerged, then corrections must be made for each scale
on the basis of the calibration under the submersible containers after the determinations. If the gauge is completely immersed in the bath during the use, the
gas pressure in the expansion chamber will be higher or lower than normal during the calibration process, which may lead to high or low readings on the
temperature scale.
- The used solder is suitable
for the viscosity scale, if the liquid in the container or the top of the pot, i.e. the top, falls below the surface of the liquid with the remaining solder by at least
20 mm, as well as when you can clearly see the whole of the viscosity scale or the temperature scale. Al-Jayd Al-Qayyaz al-Lujah installation. The
effectiveness of stirring and
balancing between the heat loss and the internal heat must be such that it does not change with the temperature of the brazing liquid by more than ±0.03 °C
(±0.05 °F) along the length of the viscosity scale or between the viscosity scale and the last in different topics of the brazing.
3. The discharge
system is able to protect the discharge level within ± 0.5 mm of the desired ratio for the vessel exceeding 40 kilopascals (300 mm Hg), and must use glass
tubes with diameters of at least 6.35 mm (1/4 inch). The sealed glass joints are anti-precipitation, such as mercury enamel, with an open end, and there is no
leakage in the vacuum when the system is closed, and a vacuum pump can be used as a vacuum source.
.- The timing device
uses a stopwatch or any other timing device divided into divisions equal to one division, minus 0.1 seconds or less, and the accuracy is about 0.05% when
testing with time intervals of at least 15 minutes.
5. Electric timing devices and
those used only with electric circuits to control traffic with an accuracy of 0.05% or better. Alternating electric
currents - the nature of oscillations that are tightly controlled intermittently and not continuously as is currently the case in most common power sets can lead
to serious errors, especially in the case of short-term timings when used to operate electrical timing instruments.
. sample preparation
The sample is heated taking care to avoid excessive local heating until it becomes liquid enough for the samples and to manipulate the sample
internally and externally to help the heat transfer and guarantee homogeneity.
Transfer at least 20 milliliters of the sample to a suitable container, then heat it up to 135° ± 5.5°C (275° ± 10°F) and stir it between the ends to
prevent excessive local heating, taking care not to trap air in the sample.
. method of action
The limited details of the test process vary slightly depending on the type of viscosity measurement (see figures 3-8-1-6-7), providing information about .
the selected viscosity measurement, and in all cases, however, follow the general method described in the following paragraphs:
Keep the solder at the test temperature with a range of ±0.03°C (±0.05°F) for variation, and make the necessary corrections if necessary for all
the readings of the temperature scale. The
option of a clean and dry viscosity scale gives a melting time of more than 60 seconds, and then heats up to 135 ± 5.5 °M (275 ± 10 °F).
The inclination of the viscosity scale for the prepared sample is about ± 2 mm from the full line (e) (see figures), 6-3-7, 8-9). 5.5 °M
(275 ± 10 °F) Melda ± 10
78
2 minutes to ensure the release of large air bubbles.
Transfer the viscosity scale from the furnace or the furnace, then place it in the carrier for five minutes and record the viscosity scale in the position of
the head inside the furnace so that the upper time mark does not fall below 20 mm below the surface of the liquid in the
furnace. A discharge of 0.07 ± 40 kilopascals (300 ± 0.5 mmHg) is made in the discharge device, then this device is connected to the viscometer and
the closed or sealed valve is connected to the line connected to the viscometer.
Asphalt starts to flow inside the viscosity scale after the expiration of 5±30 minutes from the beginning of the presence of the viscosity scale inside the
weld by opening the closed or closed valve on the line connected to the discharge device.
Measure the time required to pass the edge of the upper liquid surface between consecutive pairs of timing marks with an accuracy of 0.1 seconds,
and record the first run time that exceeds 60 seconds between the pairs of timing marks, noting the determination of the pair of timing marks.
. The cleaning of the viscosity scale is of utmost importance, and any cleaning method can be used as long as a clean, dry surface is obtained in the tube, and it
is recommended to use the following method for cleaning: the viscosity scale is still wet after the test, and it is placed upside down in the oven at a constant
cleaned well by rinsing several temperature of 135 ± 5.5 °C (275 °F ± 41.9 °C) until the asphalt completely melts on the viscosity scale, which is then
tube by running a slow current The

times
dry
with
air aissuitable
filtered solvent completely miscible with the sample, then using a completely volatile solvent, and drying the
during capillary suffocation for 120 seconds, or until all traces of the solvent are removed, and the device is periodically cleaned with chromic acid solution
to remove organic deposits, then it is rinsed well with distilled water and acetone to remove the deposits and finally dried with clean dry air.
6-1-63 The standard way to determine the temperature point
Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball)
Apparatus
ASTM D36-14e1 – Standard Test Method For Softening Point Of Bitumen
)(Ring-And-Ball Apparatus
AASHTO T 53 – Standard Method of Test for Softening Point of Bitumen
(Ring-and-Ball Apparatus
. Introduction:
. The bitumen gradually changes from the state of hardness, and it becomes the most fresh and the
Figure (7-1-6-3A) modified poetic viscosity scale of least viscous. Kalam was the highest cooling point of bituminous
American Kuber
sensitivity to heat, so this experiment is useful in comparing different types of asphalt, and this .
helps to classify the types of bitumen, and thus it is an indicator of the tendency of bituminous
to flow at high temperatures when it is applied on roads.
. This method is useful in controlling the production of bitumen in refining plants and in the production
of bitumen exposed to air. Also, experience is especially important in the thick layers of
bituminous used for gaps, cracks and surfaces, as the high cooling point means that the bitumen
does not flow during and after the interaction.
Give this experiment to determine the freezing point of asphalt in the range of 30 to 157 °C (86 °F to
315 °F) using the ring and ball device in a bath made of ethylene glycol solution.
Figure (3-7-1-6-3b) The scale of the poetic viscosity with the
discharge of the Asphalt compound
79
Fig. (3-7-1-6-3d) vacuum viscosity scale of Lacanon Fig. (3-7-1-6-3c) the scale of the poetic viscosity with
Manj emptying of the Asphalt compound
Figure (3-1-6-7) Vacuum capillary viscosity scale
80
. Device:
The rings of copper agree with the apparent dimensions in the figure (10-1-6-3A). .
. A solid ball with a diameter of 3.8" (9.5 mm) and a weight of 3.5 ± 0.05
g. The reason for determining the center of the small ball is based on the figure (10-1-6-3b). The inner
diameter of the support is less than 85 mm. And the depth is not less than 120 mm, the bottom of the wall, the type of fixed glass and resistant glass
for heat
5. Ring carrier (Fig. 10-1-6-3c).
Fix the rings in a horizontal position so that the bottom of the rings is at a height of 1" (25 mm) above the upper surface of the lower plate, and a distance of
16 ± 3 mm (5.8 ± 1.8) must be left between the lower surface of the lower plate and the weld. The thermometer is so that the
the touches. bottom of the swelling is level with the bottom of the rings and it is at a distance of 50" (127 mm) from the rings, excluding
5. The thermometer used to measure the tempering degree of bituminous materials has a range of -2 °C to 80 °C and a maximum of 30 °F.
180°F.
. Hamam al-Saweel - Ethylene glycol with a boiling point of 160 °C (320 °F).
. Samples:
He asks questions, and he must speak on the asphalt. Bituminous heating is done by stirring the local heating block until the cement is at least 110°C (200°F)
above the expected softening point, and if the heating continues for at least 30 minutes on the stove or one hour in the oven, avoiding the occurrence of air
bubbles.
. Placing the rings above the rigid surface coated with gelatin or any other suitable anti-adhesion material and coating the rings with bitumen until it reaches the
highest level of the edge of the ring, then the samples are allowed to dry in the air for half an hour, then the excess asphalt is removed, and the work must be
completed within four hours.
. Al Fass method
. Placement of the rings containing the samples above the section dedicated to loads, and placing above the rings (sections) that keep the asphalt ball in the
center and immersing the assembly in the liquid ethylene glycol (Ethyleneglycol) with a depth ranging from 102-108
Measure the bottom of the lower plate at a distance of 25 mm from the bottom of the bowl and place the temperature in the middle of the bowl vertically until
it reaches the level of the rings without touching the rings or the plate.
. Fixing the temperature of the bath for 15 minutes. . Placing the
balls on top of the asphalt samples among the rings that keep the balls in the center of the sample.
. Start the heating so that the temperature rises gradually at the rate of 5°C every minute, but it is permissible to change the average temperature of the newspaper
by ±0.5°C (±1°F) every minute after a 3-minute review, and cancel any experiment in which the temperature is controlled at the desired rate. The heating of
the balls and the sample continues until the sample starts to flow and fall, and when the sample touches the bottom panel, the temperature is recorded, and
when it touches one of the balls of the previous panel, if the difference between the temperature recorded for touching the first ball and the temperature
recorded for the second, the experiment is repeated.
81
23-6-6 Asphalt mixtures tests used in paving
It includes:
. The standard method of taking samples representative of asphalt mixtures.
. The standard method of extracting asphalt from asphalt mixtures and determining the components of asphalt mixture analysis.
. The standard method for determining the specific gravity of compacted asphalt mixture samples by the interaction of saturated and dried surface samples.
the outside
. The standard method for determining the specific weight of unmixed asphalt mixtures.
5. The standard method for testing the resistance of asphalt mixtures to the flow of asphalt with the interaction of the Marshall device.
Figure (8-1-6-3-b) Asphalt moisture level device - the reason for determining the Fig. (3-8-1-6-A) Asphalt moisture level device
center of the ball - ring with edges
Figure (3-1-6-8) Asphalt cooling device Figure (3-8-1-6-c) Asphalt cooling device - ring carrier
82
6-2-13-The standard method of taking representative samples of the asphalt mixtures used in paving
This method determines the sampling method for the asphalt mixtures used in paving as well as the mixture materials, and these samples are used as a representative
sample for the asphalt mixture as well as to determine the periodic change in the properties of the mixture in order to record the quality.
AASHTO T 40 - Standard Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
. Choice of sample
The method of taking samples representative of the materials is as important as conducting tests for the materials, and all the necessary precautions must be taken to
for example, the separation of materials between the coarse aggregates and the soft materials of the asphalt obtain samples representative of the asphalt mixtures,
mixture must be avoided, as well as precautions must be taken to prevent any contamination of the samples by dust. or any other foreign substances.
Asphalt mixture samples that are used as acceptance or rejection samples for the purpose of verifying the compliance of the implementation materials and according to
the steps that follow the specifications must be selected by an engineer representative of the property or myself.
. Sample volume
The quantity of the sample depends on the nominal size of the quantity (numbers) and the table shows the minimum desired quantity:
Table (3-6-6) 1- Minimum weight and area of the sample with the validity of the total size
Al-Maqas al-Asmi al-Akarb The minimum weight of the non-melted sample The least amount of space for mixing
(Melam) (Kjam) (poison 2)
50 16 1450
37.5 11 950
25 9 950
19 7 650
12.50 5 400
9.50 4 250
4.75 2 250
2.38 2 250
. Representative samples taken at production sites
The mixture that is emptied from the mixture must be taken from the heap using a scoop (SCOOP / SHOVEL) from the bottom to the top and at a point where the angle
of the values is 180 degrees, the sample is then divided to the desired weight by re-mixing and then dividing, and if the sample is the same as the majority The sample
must be taken at regular times, and the subsequent mixtures must be taken according to the above mentioned when taking the sample and placed in a suitable
container, and when collecting different samples, they must be mixed and then divided on a smooth and clean surface, and sometimes the sample taken needs to be
heated in order to facilitate The process of re-mixing and dividing, however, precautions must be taken to avoid excessive heating of a part of the sample, and it should
be heated to a sufficient extent only to make the mixture easier to mix. If the purpose of the sample is to record the production of the mixture, then the sample will not
be confused, but all the samples will be taken individually.
*
The samples taken from the reserve piles must be taken by mixing equal amounts of the mixture taken from the holes drilled at different points at the top and middle
of the pile stock, and the sample is divided to the desired size for the samples representing the mixtures.
83
Figure (1-2-6-3) Representative samples taken at the production sites by the laboratory
. Representative samples taken during the purification process
The volume of the sample taken from the paving
site (re-sampling after the PAVER unit) must be
at least the size of the sample from the area
mentioned in the table (1-2-6-3), and it must
extend to the full depth of the paving layer, and it
must be The number of samples is less than one
sample for each daily batch. The sample must be
cut in an appropriate way that allows the least
impact on the density of the sample, and the
shape of the sample taken during transportation
Figure (2-2-6-3) representative samples taken during cleaning must be protected with supports.
. The representative samples are taken from the mixtures mixed in the same place
Samples must be taken from the mixtures that are mixed on the spot (at the time of paving), for the purpose of determining the physical properties of
the mixture and determining the bitumen ratio, after mixing the bitumen well with the materials. To level the pile at one point to one layer with a thickness
of about 0.3m, samples are taken from three different places in order to take the sufficient amount, and if the mixture is as long as the leveling on the
road, the sample is taken all 150m long, and if I want to take additional samples from the mixture to be sure For the joints, it is taken as a whole 150 m
long and 0.6 m long from the paving distance, and precautions are taken to avoid cutting the materials of the foundation layer or under the existing
foundation below the asphalt layer.
Figure (3-2-6-3) representative samples taken from the mixtures mixed at the site
84
23-6-2-The standard method of extracting asphalt from asphalt mixtures and determining the components of the mixture
This experiment determines the amount of asphalt (bituminous) contained in hot asphalt mixtures and asphalt samples used on roads, and also conducts
the granular gradation experiment for the amount after asphalt extraction, and uses this method to determine the conformity of the mixtures to
the specifications and specifications and record the quality.
AASHTO T 164 - Standard Method of Test for Quantitative Extraction of Asphalt Binder from Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA)
. Organs
The extraction device consists of a pot with a tight lid and rotates at a maximum speed of 3600 revolutions per minute, the speed is controlled manually
or by setting the speed in advance, and there is a hole in the container for the liquid to exit with a scale to collect the liquid coming out of the container.
Filter sheet in the form of fish bowl rings, 0.005±0.05 inches.
Scale, electric heating plate, 5 mm graduated newspaper, 110°M oven, 125 mm crucible, 100-200 hermetically sealed drying vessels, and standard
sieves.
. Solvents of L-
trichloroethylene solution. Trichloroethylene
Aluminum carbonate solution (3Co 2) 4NH).
Fig. (4-2-6-3) The container of the extraction device
. Preparation of the
sample, if the mixture is not soft, do not be able to divide it with a ruler or a knife, place it in a tray and heat it until it separates.
Dividing the sample by the square to obtain a suitable amount for testing within the limits of the table:
85
Table (3-6-3) 2-( Weight of Aladdin Asphalt sample for extraction
Islamic scale of numbers Minimum sample weight (kg)
37,500 4.00
25.00 3.00
19.00 2.00
12,500 1.50
9.500 1.00
4.75 0.500
If the moisture content of the sample is more than 0.1%, then the moisture content calculation is invalid, and after that, a sample of the same weight is
taken according to the nominal weight of the amount mentioned in the previous table and placed in the container of the device. pure
Immerse the existing sample with the solution of trichloroethylene and leave it for more than an hour until the mixture dissolves, and place the solution
and the sample in the device, and place the filter sheet after weighing on the nozzle, and then cover it. A. By ruling, and placing the informant under
Fatah al-Tarseef. Start the device slowly at the beginning, then increase the speed gradually until the speed reaches 3600 revolutions per minute, until
the solution stops flowing from the device, then stop the device, and place 200 mm of the solution, and repeat the experiment several times. -Rat Hath
Yasbah al-Sa'il al-Kharij from al-Jahaz like the color of al-Qash al-Fatih) Once the liquid is clean, open the device, remove the filter paper, and dry it in
the air, then place it in the drying oven at a temperature of 100° and return the products on the filter paper to the amount in the container. Place the
contents of the container in the container and dry it. Heat the heater and then place it in the oven The hot plate at a temperature of 110 ± 5 °C until
the weight is constant, and the weight of the aggregate after asphalt extraction is equal to the weight of the aggregate in the tray + the increase in the
weight of the filter sheet. The volume of the solution collected in the aggregate after stirring is recorded. That's enough, then it takes 100 mm To the
ÿ
crucible of burning after determining the empty weights, drying the contents of the crucible on a mineral plate and burning the rest at 500-600°C. Then
add 5 mm of saturated aluminum carbonate solution to the whole mass of the ramad, melt it for an hour at room temperature, then dry it at 100
degrees until the weight is constant, then measure and calculate the weight of the ramad. Ed and calculation of the mass of solid materials in Khalsa.
. accounts
Calculate the percentage of asphalt in the sample according to the standards and technical specifications mentioned in 164 T AASHTO.
6-2-33- The standard method for determining the specific gravity of compacted asphalt mixture samples by interaction of samples
Al-Shabaa Al-Jaffa Al-Sutoh Min Al-Kharj
This method is used to determine the specific weight of asphalt mixture samples placed in the laboratory or samples taken immediately after the
cleaning. The specific gravity of the test samples is determined as well as the ratio of air voids and air voids (VMA) and these samples are prepared
as mentioned in Marshall's experiment. However, the specific gravity of the samples taken on the spot is determined so that the efficiency of the
pump is determined on the spot by determining the pump ratio of the samples. (.
This method is used to determine the specific gravity of porous asphalt mixture samples or the nature of connected pores (voids) and then the
weights in air and then the weights in the air at a temperature of 25°C to determine the volumes.
ASTM D 2726 – Standard Test Method For Bulk Specific Gravity And Density Of Non-Absorptive Compacted Asphalt Mixtures.
AASHTO T 166 – Standard Method of Test for Bulk Specific Gravity (Gmb) of Compacted Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Using Saturated Surface-Dry
Specimens.
86
. the device
The amount of the material is determined by suspending the sample and submersing it in the water tank, where the weights are determined while it is in the air and the weights while it is submerged in water.
The water carrier for immersing the samples, with the presence of a liquid filter, pours the excess spell when the samples are immersed so that the height of the spell is constant.
. samples
For example, the samples must be prepared by Marshall or samples taken from me, on the condition that the diameter of the sample is four times the total size of the grains, and the
thickness is not less than 1.5 times the total size of the grains, and the samples must not be distorted and contain foreign substances such as residues. Asphalt layer or dirt layer,
and if the sample contains surface layers and base layers, different layers can be separated by sawing.
. There are
several methods for determining the specific gravity of asphalt samples, and the method will be explained here:
The first method:
If the samples contain water, they are immersed in a water bath at a temperature of 25°C for 3-5 minutes, then weighed while submerged in water but not weighed (c), and if the
ÿ
immersed in water for 10-15 minutes. Before weighing, the sample is taken temperature of the sample differs from the temperature of the bath by more than 2°C, it remains
out and the weights are removed and wiped with a piece of cloth to dry the outer surfaces, and the weights are placed in the air (b), then it is dried for approximately 15-24 minutes,
ÿ
then it is dried and weighed, but the weights (a) are dried in an oven at a temperature of 110
If the samples are dry, such as those that inspired Marshall's experiment, they are first weighed in the air, after being in the air for an hour, but the weight (A), then immersed in water
at a temperature of 25 °C for 3-5 minutes, then weighed while immersed in salt, but the weights (c) And I take out Al-Hamam and Mastah with a piece of reed and weight, but the
weights (b).
It calculates the specific weight of quality:
Weight of the sample = A / (D - B)
Where:
A = weight of dry sample in air
b = the weight of the sample from the surface of the aljaf
Th = weight of the sample in spelling
The theoretical weight of Al-Aqis - the specific weight of the sample

Percentage of air voids % =
The theoretical weight of Al-Aqis
The second method:
Specimen Coated Paraffin
The weight of the dry sample is determined (A). This is after drying at a temperature of 60°M ± 5°M and leaving it in the air for an hour. All the surfaces of the sample are coated and
I make sure that all the layers are covered with molten cloth, then the sample is left to cool in the air. at room temperature for 30 seconds, then all the weights are added (d).
The total weight of the sample wrapped in water at a temperature of 25 ± 1°M, but the weight of the sample (y).
Determination of the specific gravity of paraffin (paraffin of specific gravity) (at a temperature of 25 ± 1°M), but (F).
87
The weight of the curse

(A-D) - (Y-D)
F
Where:
A = weight of dry sample in total air
d = weight of the dry sample in addition to the amount of fiber in the air
y = weight of the dry sample in addition to the weaving in the total spelling
F = the specific weight of the fabric at a temperature of 25 ± 2°
The specific gravity must be corrected if the temperature of the casting bath is significantly different from 2°C (according to ASTM specification 2726 D).
according to the following equation:
*
*) d - b) R = ÿt KS
Where:
(Correction) = R
The difference between the temperature of 25°C and the temperature of Al Hamam = ÿt
KS+ = coefficient of average cubic thermal expansion of bituminous concrete
ml/ml/ºc 5-Average Coefficient of Cubical Thermal Expansion of Bituminous Concrete = 6*10
. The report
The report includes the specific weight at a temperature of 25°, the type of mixture, the type of sample and its sources, and the volume of the sample.
43-6-2-The standard method for determining the theoretical weight of asphalt mixtures for non-compacted samples
This method determines the absolute theoretical specific weight of the samples of the unmixed asphalt mixture, which is used in the calculation of the percentage
of air voids in the asphalt mixtures and the absorption rate of the asphalt.
ASTM D 2041 – Standard Test Method For Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity And Density Of Asphalt Mixtures
AASHTO T 209 – Standard Method of Test for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity (Gmm) and Density of Hot Mix
Asphalt (HMA)
. the device
. A glass or mineral flask with a capacity of at least 1000 milliliters, and must be strong enough to withstand air suction and the lid, and be fixed to
The hose with a mine sieve covers the hose opening to prevent the penetration of soft materials during air discharge.
. The sensitive amount for the calculation of the specific weight of the sample with four digits (i.e. three decimal digits) is provided to the sample by suspending the sample.
Air vacuum pump with pressure gauge (air pressure less than or equal to 30 mm Hg). .
. Hamam Maa in the case of employment of Inna, the spelled Hamm will be appropriate for the purpose of Inna, and the function of the device is to suspend the inna from the center of Kafa.
For example, in the case of using a flask, it is appropriate to use a liquid carrier with a constant temperature.
. Al-Durq calibration
The calibration of the flask is carried out using a precision weight scale at a temperature of 25°C ± 0.5°C, and it is confirmed that the flask is completely filled
without any air bubbles, using a glass cover placed on the opening of the flask, and this cover shows any air bubbles present.
88
. samples
The samples are prepared by separating the particles of the mixture, but without breaking the al-hiss grains, so that the size of the soft al-hiss grains is about
6.4 mm. If the mixture is soft, separate the particles manually, then it can be placed in the oven and the parts can be separated easily, and the weights are
according to the official standards and the numbers are shown in the following table.
Table (3-6-3) - Al-Aladin weight for non-melted asphalt mixture sample
Minimum sample weight (kg) Al-Maqas al-Ismi al-Akarb for numbers
(Melam) (kiss)
2.5 25 1
2.00 19 3/4
1.5 12.5 1/2
1.00 9.5 3
0.500 4.75 Number 4
. The method
. Separate the grains of the sample, taking care not to destroy the coarse grains, so that the grains of the soft part of the aggregate do not exceed 1/4 inch
(6.4 mm). I have the sample season only.
Cool the sample to room temperature and place it in a flask or container, then weigh and name the total mass of the sample (A), add enough water. .
ÿ
At a temperature of 25°M (77°F) almost to cover the sample.
. Still, the trapped air is replaced by the components to partially discharge (air pressure at least 30 mm Hg) for 2 ± 15 minutes, shake the containers and
components either continuously by mechanical vibration or manually by vigorously shaking them for about a minute. It releases the trapped air by adding
a suitable moisturizing agent. For example, aerosol with a concentration of 0.01% or 1 milliliter of 10% solution in 1000 milliliters of spelled.
. Determining with Illana: closing the Illana and the spelling components at 25 ± 1 °C (77 ± 1.8 °F) and weighing after immersion for 1 ± 10 minutes, and
Al-Muksha al-Khalsa for the example of spelling (c).
5. Determining in a flask: heating the flask and raising the temperature of the emulsifier to 25 ± 0.5 °C (77 ± 1 °F) in a liquid medium.
constant heating, and then determine the weight of the flask filled with the contents after 1 ± 10 minutes from the end of clause 3.
. accounts
The specific weight of the comma is calculated
as follows:
Weight of type = A / (A - C)
Where:
A = mass of the sample in air (Jam) C = mass of
the sample in spelling (Jam)
2. In the specific case of Balqarwa
Al-Ozn al-Ozni = A / (A + D - E)
where
A = mass of the sample in air (volume)
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D = Al-Qarura mass filled with water at 25°M (77°F)
E = Mass of Al-Qarura filled with water and sample at 25°C (77°F).
6-2-53 Determination of asphalt mixtures using Marshall apparatus
This method determines the determination of asphalt mixtures in the laboratory using the Marshall method. And the main goal of deciding the mixture is to create an
economic mixture of graded materials, and the proportion of asphalt gives the mixture the following characteristics:
. The proportion of asphalt is sufficient to guarantee the consistency and flexibility
of the mixture. Sufficient strength to withstand the demands of the traffic without any distortions.
. Sufficient air voids in the asphalt mix allow to absorb the asphalt and keep some of the voids filled with air, even if the mixture blows under the influence of the
movement of the asphalt to the remaining air voids, and if there are enough voids, the asphalt bleeds and rises to the surface, but if there are many air voids,
the mixture becomes porous and air enters. And they cause destruction.
. Adaptability for easy handling.
AASHTO T 245 – Standard Method of Test for Resistance to Plastic Flow of Asphalt Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus
. Organs
. Cylindrical molds with a diameter of 101.6 mm and a height of 76.2 mm with a movable base and an additional ring for the diameter of the mold, and
The upper mold to increase the height and to absorb the mixture before the damak.
. The sample extraction device is a mold and it is in the form of a 100 mm droplet and a 13 mm thick tablet. . The
first component of the hammer is a positively expanded circular mineral tablet in the middle of an iron column and sliding on the ring column, the weights are 4536 grams.
My height is 457.2 mm.
The wooden peg base measures 203.2 x 203.2 x 457.2 mm, covered with a metal plate with dimensions of 304.8 x 304.8 x 25.4 mm, and the base is made of .
wood, fixed on a concrete floor with iron angles, and the metal cover is fixed on the wooden base, and the wood piece must be level and vertical. Al-Shaqul
5. The tool for applying the shape, the ring, and the base and fixing them during
the drumming. . The head breaking (head breaking) component consists of two upper and lower mineral parts of the specimen, and one half-cylinder shape with
a diameter of 50.8 mm, the lower part rests on a flat base and protrudes from the cylindrical heads of the vertical iron rods. When placing the upper part, the
top of the upper and lower chair enters the vertical rods in the existing ring in the upper part.
7. The loading lever - positive on the mine frame and movable to the top of a regular movement of 50.8 mm/minute when operating.
Ring Proving (Ring Proving) compressive strength of 2276 kg positive in the middle, the ring proving index gives the numbers of transformation from dimension to .
strength according to the type of ring, where calibration must be done to determine the accuracy.
. A device for measuring vertical displacement or movement during compression, connected to a sliding number inside one of the vertical bars fixed at the top of
the chair, and this number is usually zero when the asphalt sample is inside the jaw of the chair, and the accuracy of this number must be 0.25 mm (0.01 inch)
for each division. Dividing numbers.
10. Furnaces or hot plates for heating aggregates, asphalt, molds, hammers, and any tools used in mixing, must be
Controlling the heating means until the temperature remains as desired.
11. A mechanical mixer capable of mixing the products regularly and completely with all the grains of the products coated with bitumen.
12. The water heater is 150 mm deep and equipped with a device to control the temperature to keep it at 60 ± 1°, and the snow heater rises to the holes.
Al-Hamam base is 50.8 mm.
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13. Air bath (Cutback Asphalt) for the use of dissolved
asphalt mixture and gives a temperature of 25° ± 1°.
14. Miscellaneous tools such as containers for mixing
aggregates and containers for mixing asphalt, articles,
trowels, cans, and mixing tools such as plasters and
mortars, and thermometers to determine the temperature
of aggregates and asphalt, and mixers of various

ÿ
capacities, standard and other scales, 9.9-204 minutes,
gloves, chalk, spoon and ladle.
. Sample preparation
. (3) collection of samples for each percentage of asphalt
(corresponding to one attempt).
. Dry the aggregates at a temperature (105-110°C) until the
weight is stable, then separate the aggregates after
grinding on sieves, 25, 19, 9.5, 4.75, 2.36, 1.18 mm.
The temperature required for the mixing of asphalt is .
defined as that which increases the viscosity of the
asphalt by 170 ± 20 cents of stoke (CST), but the
temperature required for mixing is 280 ± 30 cents of stoke.
Figure 5-6-3- Marshall apparatus (Apparatus Stability Marshall)

(CST)
. The weight of the whole size of the separated sizes is chosen according to the ratio of this size to the total weight, so that the total weight of the sample is about
1200 grams, so that this weight after mixing with asphalt and the sample is 63.5 ± 1.27 mm and the diameter is 101.6 mm. And take 3 samples of this weight for
each percentage of asphalt, so if there are four percentages of asphalt, then 12 samples will be prepared.
5. Heat the aggregate samples in the oven to the maximum temperature specified in paragraph C-3, at most 28 °C, and 25 °C for cement asphalt.
And the solution to the problem.
. Place the hot aggregates in the mixture and mix well, then dig a hole in the aggregates and add the specified amount of hot asphalt, and mix
Emulcanate until all the granules are coated with asphalt.
7. Place the mixture containing the dissolved asphalt in the oven at a temperature of 11.1 m above the temperature specified in paragraph C-3, sufficient to check the
sample for about 50% of the volatile substances, and it can be stirred to facilitate evaporation, and the weight of the samples is calculated on a total of 15
1 minute, then every 10 minutes until the loss of volatile substances. 50%
The tail of the samples .
. He cleans the mold and hammer, then heats it either in distilled water or a hot metal plate at a temperature of 93.3-148.9°C, and places the sample in the mold
and blows it 15 times around the perimeter of the mold and 10 times in the mold inside the ring, lifting the ring and making the surface of the sample spherical. ,
then rotate the ring and place the template on the wooden base and hammer the sample 75 or 50 times (depending on the type of pavement) with the hammer
that falls from a height of 457.2 mm, so that the axis of the hammer is as vertical as possible at the level of the base, then turn the template and the sample and
return the hammer Number of hits. If the samples of the asphalt mixture are representative of the sample taken from the place where the temperature of the
mixture is at 135°C, the mold is lifted and placed above the ring and lightly tapped, it is enough to eject the sample in the ring, then the ring is lifted from the
sample and the sample is placed on a solid, level ground. Then weighing and measuring dimensions.
91
. Al Fass method
. Immerse the samples that have been cooled and cooled and the densities are tested in a liquid bath for 30-40 minutes at a temperature of 60 ± 1 °C.
and at a temperature of 37.8 ± 1 °M for dissolved asphaltene.
. He cleans the top of the chair and the bars and loads the bars on the bars until they slide in the upper part easily and the temperature of the top is
Kurs 21.1-37.8 and it's like a water bath.
. The sample is taken out from the bath and placed in the lower part of the head of the chair, and the upper part is placed above the sample and placed on the
device of the chair, then the flow measuring device is placed on one of the rods and recorded at zero, and the measuring device is recorded well during the test.
. The motor is operated (organically or manually) at a constant speed of 50.8 mm per minute until it reaches the Ring Proving (reading of the special
number) and starts to return. Read the pressure gauge and transfer the readings to the pressure units and record the reading of the strain until the
load reaches the maximum limit and starts to return.
5. If the height of the samples is different from 63.5 mm, the reading should be included in the correction factor mentioned in the table.
(4-2-6-3)
Table (4-2-6-3) correction factor according to the height of the sample
The size of the Specimen thickness The size of the Specimen thickness
Correction factor Correction factor
eye (cm3) (mm) eye (cm3) (mm)
421 - 431 52.4 1.39 200-213 25.4 5.56
432-443 54.0 1.32 214-225 27.0 5.00
444-456 55.6 1.25 226 - 237 28.6 4.55
457-470 57.2 1.19 238-250 30.2 4.17
471-482 58.7 1.14 251-264 31.8 3.85
483-495 60.3 1.09 265-276 33.3 3.57
496-508 61.9 1.04 277-289 34.9 3.33
509-522 63.5 1.00 290 - 301 36.5 3.03
523-535 4.0 6 0.96 302 - 316 38.1 2.78
536-546 65.1 0.93 317-328 39.7 2.50
547-559 66.7 0.89 329-340 41.3 2.27
560-573 68.3 0.86 341-353 42.9 2.08
574-585 71.4 0.83 354-367 44.4 1.92
586-598 73.0 0.81 368-379 46.0 1.79
599-610 74.6 0.78 380-392 47.6 1.67
611-625 76.2 0.76 393-405 49.2 1.56
406-420 50.8 1.47
. accounts
. Calculating the density of the samples using the standard method for compacted asphalt mixture samples previously mentioned in the specification
(ASTM D 275 – AASHTO T 166)
. The average density is calculated for each third of the samples based on the percentage of asphalt, and then I get the figure that shows the relationship between the percentage of asphalt.
(on the axis of Alsinat) and the opposite density (on the axis of Alsadat).
. The calculations for voids in aggregates and air voids are carried out, and the forms of building the relationship between the asphalt ratio are performed.
92
Alcinate axis and air voids (%) and voids in aggregates filled with asphalt (%).
showing the relationship between the asphalt ratio.

. Draw the relationship between the asphalt ratio and the strength coefficient (Marshall's stability) (three samples), and draw a diagram
and the rate of turning (three samples).
5. The percentage of asphalt that achieves the highest density and stability (strength) and air voids is determined at the middle of the specifications. That is, if
the specifications for air voids are 3-5%, the point at which the asphalt ratio is determined for the shape of air voids is 4%. Then there is an average These
are the three readings of the asphalt ratio and check if this ratio (rates) fulfills the required pouring conditions and the required mineral voids. If the conditions
are not met, this ratio can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing until reaching the ratio that fulfills the required conditions. See Figure (6-2-2) 3-
Figure (6-2-6-3) determining the percentage of asphalt
93
. The report
The report includes the type of sample, the corrected strength, and the average flow rate of three samples for each percentage of asphalt, and the previous graphical relationships are drawn,
and the report includes the temperature of the test and the type of sample (temporary or in situ).
Figure (7-2-6-3) Marshall device
Testing the flow resistance of bituminous mixtures using the Marshall apparatus
Table (6-3-5) - Requirements for the content of the report
Amal Shashua Description of the sample sample number
the current Date of sampling Date of publication
Al-Maqawl sampling Al-Qaim Baal-Khatbar
94
Table (6-3-6) - Content of the report
Al-Bian M Stating the M

Al-Wazn al-Hawri al-Fawl al-Hais Jaram / Sum 3 17 percentage of asphalt in the whole mixture % 1
The percentage of concrete asphalt in % 18 The sample number

2
Percentage of active asphalt in the mix % 19 Weight of air 3
Al-Thabat (Kajm) 20 The weight of the 4
correction factor 21 sample (mass) saturated in air, the surface area (mass) 5
Stability after correction (kg) 22 size 6
23 Average stability after 30 minutes (curve) 3 7
Stability after 24 hours 24 8 Average bulk density of the mixture (mass/cm3)

(curve) 25 Average stability after 24 hours (curve) The weight of the sample 9
Uncertainty % 26 (grams) 10 the weight of Amla + al-Durq (grams)
Al-Ansiab (Melam) 27 sample weight + al-durq + spelling (mass) 11
28 average casting (mm) Maximum density of sewage sludge (mass/cm3) 12
Specific weight of asphalt (g/cm3) 29 13 Average maximum density (grams/cm3)

% 30 air spaces in the mixture % 14
3 31 the free time 15
Ijamail Al-Khalta al-Sa'iba, I am completely mixed 32 16% bitumen-filled voids

Director of Amlawad Department Amalwad engineer Al-Maqawl
6-2-63 Tests of the modern method to determine the asphalt mixture
(Superpave Asphalt Mix Design Procedures)

Most of the road boards use the Marshall method to determine the asphalt mixtures, and one of the most important factors of the strength of the
Marshall method is to justify the care of the density of the mixture and the proportion of voids inside the asphalt mixture, as the required equipment is
relatively inexpensive and easy to transport. Many road engineers believe that compaction impact (compaction impact) used in the Marshall El Yahayk
method is what happens to the asphalt mixture in nature.
And the adoption of the modern method for determining the asphalt mixture (Superpave) based on the destructive impact and the tests of the mechanical properties of
the asphalt mixture to predict the future performance of the design mixture.
The term Superpave is an abbreviation of pavement asphalt performing superior.
This method was invented during the American discussion program called Sharb (SHRP). The total number of destructive tests to predict
performance. And the results of these tests (results) lead to the act of predicting the performance of the clearing in nature, or in other words, models.
The experimental steps and the final performance expectation allow the engineer to estimate the performance of the pavement due to the balanced axle
loads (ESALs) or the time required to reach the level of meaning (Level Rutting) or the total rutting or failure. This system of integrated mixture and
structural analysis allows the designer to evaluate and compare the tasks related to the interaction of different materials and different mixtures.
95
In this way, I will create a new Altini theme for my exams:
The first one is called Superpave Shear Tester (SST) and the second one is called Indirect Tensile Tester (ITT) and it is a group of tests that
give a direct indication of the behavior of the asphalt mixture or produce interventions for the expected performance of the future asphalt mixture.
Figure (1-7-3) represents the principle of operation of the modern method for determining the asphalt mixture (evaprepuS).
Figure (2-7-3) represents the experiences of the modern method for determining the asphalt mixture
RV = Rotational Viscometer
DSR = Dynamic Shear Rheometer

DTT = Direct Tension Tester
BBR = Bending Beam Rheometer
96
First: the news about the asphalt
6-33 Aldrain Viscometer (RV (Rotational Viscometer))
This test is used to evaluate the workability of hot asphalt mixtures and to measure the workability to make
sure that the asphalt is sufficiently liquid when pumping and mixing. and measuring the rotational viscosity
by measuring the desired torque to obtain a constant rotational speed of the rotating cylinder.
AASHTO T 316 - Standard Method of Test for Viscosity Determination of
Asphalt Binder Using Rotational Viscometer
. the device
In this report, a device equipped with the following functions and capabilities is used:
. A computational processing unit is shown inside the device for storing inspection and analysis data.
. The program built inside the device in addition to the screen for displaying data. .
Asphalt sample temperature monitoring and control system. However, there are
some specifications that must be available, such as: that the range of .
viscosity measurement is between 3 and 600 mils per second.
The speed range is between (0-250 revolutions per minute) and the phase increase is equal to 1.0.
The accuracy of about 1% of the employment period.
The regular temperature range of the sample will be 300° according to the ambient temperature and
± 5% of the starting point.

Figure (3-1-7-1) El-Darain viscosity scale
The volume of my sample chamber is 8-13 milliliters.
The temperature control room must contain:
Lalsaf tools.
Sample extraction tools and sterilization tools.
Positive for the sample chamber with insulating cover for the chamber.
Screws and bolts for the perpendicular connection of Al Duran.
In this experiment, there must be a program for the automatic calculator that controls the device for measuring the viscosity of electricity and temperature, and collects
and stores the test data with the necessary analysis.
97
43-6-43 Shear Dynamic Rheumatism
) Rheometer - DSR
The dynamic cutting device is used for specification purposes and it measures the mixing coefficient and the
phase angle of the asphalt materials bound at medium and high temperature for the asphalt layers used repeatedly
up to 10 radians per second unit. In addition to measuring the combination factor and the phase angle at one
repetition, it is possible to use the dynamic shear device to measure the characteristic waves at different frequency
modes to determine the effect of time on the asphalt binder materials.
AASHTO T 315 – Standard Method of Test for Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a
Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR).
. Organs
1. Dynamic cutting device.
The dynamic cutting device must work according to AASHTO specifications
315 T) and can be recorded and played using a calculator, and contains the
following: -
The basic operation of my traffic is 10-3 to 20 Hz. (Maximum 100 rads per
second) Special delay parameters are available for each traffic. It is
Figure (1-2-7-3) dynamic cutting device equipped with a stress solver up to 50 micro rads. It must be
checked for the subsequent analysis at the range of frequencies determined using the dimensional plate, and stress measurements up to 2% of the value
(G) ) which is up to 1 kg.
The plates must be portable and moveable and the diameters range from 6mm to 40mm as needed. It is necessary to provide a set of 8 mm and 25 mm
diameters for Al-Qida and Al-Qama boards.
2. A room for the recording of biy al-fass.
. The environment recording chamber must be fully covered with the entire inspection sample. It must be equipped with a special temperature recording system, and the temperature recording must be done.
The temperature is different (10 degrees Celsius), and the temperature difference between the samples is greater than one degree Celsius.
. The room must be equipped with a temperature recording unit from 5 to 100 degrees
Celsius. . It must be equipped with a programmable temperature controller card, for temperature stabilization, gradual change, and gradual change in all operating parameters.
3. Calculator and program.
The mechanical calculator must be equipped with the program of operation of the device according to AASHTO method (315 T), and it must be able to
program the dynamic measuring device to perform the rebound sweep test (radians per second), from 1 to 100 radians per second, and to perform the
stress sweep test of zero (radian per second). (0) to 200% and perform temperature and gradual change checks over the entire range of temperatures, and be able to
On the creation of descriptive tables and graphs specific to the mathematical characteristics.
There are other experiences of asphalt used in countries where the temperatures drop significantly, and these tests are not conducted in the country because
the temperatures do not decrease significantly, and even if they do decrease, it is only for short periods that do not affect the behavior of the asphalt in the
pavement, and these tests include:
98
1. Beam Bending Rheometer
2. Direct Tension Test
Second: Tests conducted on asphalt mixtures
Superpave Shear Tester (SST) test machine -6-53
This device is a closed circuit with a

hydraulic system and consists of four
main parts: the control unit of the
press, the special part for collecting
information, the press machine, the
environmental control room for the
press, and the roller system.
Six tests are performed by this

device:
1. Volumetric Test
2. Uniaxial Test
Strain
Figure (3-1-3) Superpave device for dynamic dance

3. Repeated Shear Test at Constant
Stress Ratio (Repeated Shear Test at Constant Stress Ratio)
4. Height Constant at Simple Shear Test
5. Repeated loading test at constant height (Height Constant at Sweep Frequency test)
6. Height Constant at Test Shear Repeated
(which is not desirable for Superpave)
6-5-13 Volumetric Test
Use the results of this test to analyze the problems of addiction and addiction. It is reported in the following temperatures:
Table (3-1-3) - Temperatures adopted in Al-Akhtibar al-Ahmi
Pressure - Kilobascal The temperature is 5 degrees
830 4
690 20
550 40
6-5-23 Uniaxial Strain Test
This test is used for the analysis of tensile and swelling problems, also like the volumetric test, and in this test, axial pressures are applied to the
sample, called the attempt of the sample to increase the environment, and three levels of pressure are used, depending on the temperature, and
the measurement of the axial problems in the lateral column, as well as the vertical loads are measured. .
99
Table (3-3-2-2) Axial stress levels
The temperature is 5 degrees Axial pressure - Kilobascal
4 655
20 550
40 345
6-5-33 Repeated shear stress test at constant stress ratio (Ratio Stress Constant at Test Shear Repeated)
This report is conducted for each complete or partial analysis to determine the extent of resistance of the asphalt mixture to the occurrence of Tertiary damage.
Rutting, this kind of problem occurs when the air content is low with the lack of equilibrium of the alkyl asphalt mixture. The calculation of the
temperature used in the test is the control temperature of the permanent formation, and the calculations are based on the expected flow condition and
the atmospheric conditions of the project.
6-5-43 Height Constant at Simple Shear Test
This test is used for intermediate and complete analysis for permanent formation and swelling of cells, controlling the stress applied to
the test sample and causing an increase in the length of the sample. This test is carried out at different pressures and temperatures in
both intermediate and complete analysis.
Table (3-4-3) - Levels of stress
Type of analysis The temperature is 5 degrees Al-Qas strain - Kilobascal
Kamal 4 345
20 105
40 35
Medium Teff (PD) 35
Toff (FC) 105
5-6-53 Repeated loading test at constant height (Height Constant at Test Sweep Frequency)
This test is used for the average and complete analysis of the permanent formation and swelling of the cells, and repeated loading is applied to the sample
to obtain a residual passivity of 0.005%, and about a hundred cycles of the test are performed at different traffics.
The test is carried out at different temperatures, 4, 20, 40 degrees Celsius in the case of total loading and Teff and Toff temperatures in the case of medium
loading. And during the examination of the measurement of the axial load, the measurements, the problems and the registrations.
6-5-63 Height Constant at Repeated Shear Test
This is an unfavorable news for the modern method of determining the asphalt mixture (PAVE SUPER).
100
63-63 Al-Shad test (Indirect).
) Tensile test
The measurement of this report on the effect of creep (creep) and the resistance of the
asphalt mixture was carried out using the sample loading technique at medium and low
temperatures (> 20 degrees Celsius) and included the load test of the cylindrical sample
diameter.
73-Al-Balat-related examinations
The most important tests that are carried out on concrete, porcelain, ceramic and triazo
tiles are as follows:
. Al-Fass Al-Nazar Lalbalt - Al-Fass Al-Barsi.
Before conducting any inspections on the tile, I must make sure that the sides and angles
Figure (3-2-3) - Superpave device of Al-Khatbar Al-Shad Gari
are straight and perpendicular to the surface, and make sure that the edges are healthy and
Ambarash
free of sanding and chalking, and that the surface is level and free of naphthalene and
defects such as warping, bending, cracking, changes, and protrusions, and that the color is homogeneous so that no noticeable defect appears. Especially when
it shines on the surface of ceramic tiles and Chinese tiles on the dimension of mortar and pestle in the tile and the arrangement of grain distribution.
. Fass al-ratbi'
This inspection is carried out on all types of concrete slabs using an iron angle, and all angles are inspected, and in case of non-conformity between the
sides of the concrete slab and the metal corner, the dimension of the space between the side of the concrete slab and the side of the metal corner is
divided by the length of the side of the concrete slab. About 0.5% (Zal-Zawiya).
The straightness of the edges

.
ÿ
Measure the straightness of the edges of the slab by placing a metal ruler along the entire length of the edge of the slab, and determine the amount of concavity or convexity
so that the total depth of convexity or concavity does not exceed ± 0.3% of the edge length.
. The length of the edges of the face.
This inspection is performed on all types of tiles, and the length of the edges is measured by using a precision measuring tool (Caliper), and the amount of increase
or decrease in the length of the edge as a percentage of the nominal length depends on the allowed difference depending on the type of tile and dimensions.
measure the four sides and take the averages, and the difference with the average should not exceed ± 1.5 . Ceramic tiles: 0.1 mm for lengths less than
or equal to 100 mm and ± 3 mm for lengths greater than 100 mm and up to 200 mm.
. The difference in the average length of the face edges is ± 1%.
. Steel tiles and cement tiles do not exceed the difference in the average length of the sides of the tile by 1 mm.
The thickness of the tile: the tile is measured in several areas to the nearest 0.1 mm using a vernier caliper and the average thickness is taken excluding the .
thickness of the rough areas on the back of the tile, and the difference in the total thickness of the steel and cement tiles must not exceed 3 mm, while the thickness
of the face of the cement and teriazo tiles must not be less than 7 Melam
101
13-7- The standard method for checking the absorption ratio of ceramic and Chinese tiles
. the domain
This method determines the percentage of absorption in Chinese and ceramic tiles.
. The drying
oven device is able to give a temperature of 110 ± 5 °C.
Laghmar basin for samples and 1mm diameters with supports at the bottom of the basin.
Accurate amount.
. samples
Test (5) random tiles with the desired amount of samples, if the percentage of absorption in the cemented ceramic tile increases by 3-4
(5) on other surfaces, and if the absorption percentage increases again from the above, the quantity is considered non-compliant.
In the Chinese market, the percentage of absorption must not exceed 5% in the private sector and 17% in the general sector.
. Al Fass method
. Dry the bales in the oven at a temperature of 110 ± 5 m until the weight is recorded, and the stability of the weight means that the difference in weight between
Muttalini Al Yazid An. 0.1%
. The samples were dried in a sealed container, then weighed to the nearest 0.1 g.
. Immerse the balls in the boiling water basin, and keep them centered on the supports, the drops are not more than 1 mm, and continue to boil at the temperature.
ÿ
Melt 120 ± 5 minutes. ± 100 2 m
. Leave the sample to cool while remaining immersed in water until the temperature is 2 ± 20 °C.
5. Boil the sample in the Chinese ballast for 4 hours and boil in the same way, then remove the ballast from the basin and wipe it with a piece of reed, then weigh it.
. accounts
The weight of Al-Balat after Al-Ghamr Bamla - the weights are Jafa
x 100 Percent of Al-Muttasas =
The weights are heavy
. The average of the results is taken and compared to the desired ratio.
. Examining the percentage of total absorption:
After the end of the previous inspection, the tiles are dried until the weight is stable as previously mentioned, and then they are dried for 24 hours at room temperature, then they are
immersed in the spelling at a temperature of 20 ± 2°C, making sure that the tiles are parallel to the surface of the spelling, and the height of the spelling is above the tile. I am 25-50
mm, I am using Al-Ghamar for 24 ± 1/2 hours, and I am writing and weighing the balatat.
D. Al Hashabat
The weight of wet bales - the weight of dry bales
x 100 The absolute percentage of the total
The weight of Al-Balta Al-Jaf
According to the British specification, the absorption percentage of the face of the slab does not exceed 0.4 g/cm2, and the total absorption of the slab does not exceed 8%. If two or
more slabs fail, the slab is rejected, and if one slab fails, additional samples are taken. When inspecting cement tiles, the method of al-fass al-kamal lal-balta is done against self.
102
e. The report
The report includes the date of inspection, the number of samples, the life of the bales, the weight of the extracted material (g/cm2), the shape and the percentage of total absorption.
23-7
. samples
(3) slabs are inspected for each component group (100) slabs and additional slabs are inspected for each (200) additional slabs, and before checking the slabs for the chair, it
is necessary to make sure that the slabs are free of cracks and defects, and the slabs for the chair are inspected after the completion of the inspection.
. Al Fass method
Placing the slab on the supports in such a way that the extended part outside the remaining supports is 1/6 of the length of the slab, and the distance between the two supports is
2/3 of the length of the slab, and the face of the slab is at the top, and the loading starts continuously until the specimen collapses and the chair is transported.
3 x bearing load (newton) x distance between supports (mm)
x 100 Tensile force (newton/mm2) =
2 x the width of the slab (mm) x the square of the thickness of the slab (2 mm)
. The report
The report must include the number of the sample, the date of inspection, the age of the sample, the weight of the sample, the size of the sample, the thickness, the width, the length, and
the strength of the heat resistance.
33-7- The standard method for determining naphthalene in balt

. the domain
Al-Naftal is the non-conformity of the fourth angle to the level of the order of the last three angles and is measured in millimeter parts.
. The device
for measuring naphthalene as shown in the figure (1-4-8-3) is positive against 3 "gauge" measuring discs, and it uses a single measurement tablet to measure
naphthalene, which is located on one of the corners, while the last three corners are determined by nails, but the In the middle, it is used to determine the
central concavity, and the third disk is used to measure the concavity on the periphery.
Glass or metal level calibration plate.
. Calibrate the device
Fixing the calibration plate in the device on the top of the three nails centered on the 10 mm thick metal plate, and the third nail is fixed to support the three
corners of the slab while the fourth corner of the slab is centered on the positive vertical axis of the measuring dial, this column is the hole in the plate and the
calibration plate is placed on the nails. And the vertical so that the distance of the letters of the painting is 10 mm away from them.
. Al Fass method
. Pulling the calibration plate, and placing the checker's checker on the faces to focus on the nails, do not make it perpendicular or touch the checker without
lifting the third nailer. Then record the reading of the disk, and repeat the process with the remaining tiles and record the readings of the disk for each tile in
units of 0.01 mm and divide by the length of the tile.
. It is necessary not to increase the naphthalene by 0.5% of the length of the blade.
103
43-7- The standard method for determining concavity or
convexity in Chinese and ceramic tiles
. the domain
It is used to determine the concavity or convexity of two methods, the first by interacting with the device used to
measure naphthalene, and the second by interacting with a metal ruler.
Convexity is defined as the distance from the center of the sample or the center of one of the edges.
. the device
It uses the breath of the device to measure naphthalene with the use of the measuring tablet located in the center of the
sample and the tablet located in the middle of the edge of the sample only.
. Calibrate the device

Fig. (1-4-8-3) Naphthalene and Concavity
Testing Device in Balt The same calibration method used for naphthalene is followed by fixing the measuring tablet in the center of the sample
and the tablet in the center of the edge of the sample at zero when placing the calibration plate, but using the third tablet
used in measuring naphthalene.
. The method of checking with the interaction of the device
After pulling the calibration plate, place the shovel and the faces down and focus on the third nail, allow the hammer to touch the shovel at the appropriate points without lifting the
shovel from the nail, repeat the operation with the rest of the nails.
. accounts
ÿ
Registering readings of positive or negative readings (concave or convex).
Concave or convexity must not exceed 0.75 mm.
. Measurement with the interaction of the metal ruler
If the device is available, a metal ruler can be used, placing the ruler on the words in the longest direction, measuring the length of the slab and measuring the maximum depth for
ÿ
concavity using an accurate measuring tool, and if the surface is convex, placing the ruler on the words touching the top of the convexity and measuring the height of the ruler from
the side surface and taking the average reading. And repeat the process with the last measurements and take the average, then calculate the average of the results and calculate
the ratio between the average readings and the depth of convexity or concavity and the length of the longest dimension of the slab, and the amount of unevenness in the surface
should not exceed 0.4%.
83- The tests carried out on the cement blocks, the mortar and the mortar
-8-13 zone
. The logs are similar to the size of concrete cubes in terms of pressure testing, and one of the most important properties that are expected in the logs is the compressive strength,
in addition to the absorption of the spelling, the straightness of the edges, the leveling of the surfaces and the perpendiculars to each other, the straightness of the letters and
the accuracy in the dimensions of the logs, including cracks and defects, uniformity in color and section, and the availability of complete combustion. And Khloo min al-tazhar
and al-Aqd al-Jariyyah in Al-Tawb al-Rataib.
. The method of performing the pressure test on bricks is the same as the method of performing the pressure test on concrete cubes, as well as the percentage of spell absorption
in the bricks is the same as the method used in natural stone, and for each test (5) bricks are taken and the results are given as a standard.
104
8-23 Abad al-Toub
13-8-2-13 Cement bricks
The concrete bricks are either hollow or solid, and the length and height of the bricks are fixed, but the thickness of the bricks is variable, and the dimensions of the
bricks are measured on several sides and the average is taken, and the difference in dimensions must not exceed ± 6 mm, except when the thickness is 70 mm,
then the difference in it must not exceed ± 3 mm, and the following table shows the dimensions of cement blocks and the difference and ratio of voids:
Table number (1-2-9-3) dimensions of cement blocks and the proportion of voids
The percentage of free time The difference is allowed type The dimensions are beautiful
51% ± 6 mm Dhul-Khalya 400 x 200 x 200 mm
Zero ± 3 mm solid 400 x 200 x 70 mm
8-2-23 Al-Toub Al-Ramil al-Jarii and Al-Tayeb
The length of the tube should be 290 mm, but the height should be 90 or 190 mm, the thickness should be either 190 or 90 mm, and the dimensions should be
measured on all sides and taken as standard, and the difference should be less than ± 3 mm in length and ± 1.5 to 2 mm in width and ± 1 to 1.5 Nation in the height.
33-8-8 spelling absorption test

Immerse the tub in the spell for 24 hours at a temperature of 20 ± 3 °C, then take out the spell, wipe it with a cloth and weigh it, then dry it in a drying oven at a
temperature of 110 ± 5 °C until the weight is stable and the dry weight is determined.
Al-Wazn after Al-Ghamr 24 hours - Al-Wazn al-Jaf
×100 Percent of Al-Muttasas =
Al-Wazn al-Jaf
-8-43 Corrosion resistance test

The samples are compacted by pressing on the side that is against the load in the source, the surface area is accurately measured, then the sample is placed in the
center of the pressure machine and the load is placed, and the loading continues until the sample collapses, then the load applied to the sample is divided into
Area of surfaces.
105
Chapter 4
The renewal period and
property and reference rights
- Renewal period and property and reference rights
. This guide is periodically updated every five years.

A
The exception of item number (1) allows for other updates if necessary. .
Excluding the projects that were contracted to the decisions before the issuance of this manual. .
It is not permissible to cut a part of this edition and use it individually, but it is permissible to employ the components of the edition in the production of other editions .
without the permission of the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs.
5. Ensure that the rules of intellectual property limits are observed in the production of this edition and include a list of all the references that have been referred to.
When preparing this version.
107
Chapter 5
- References:
General specifications for the construction of roads and road facilities (Part I: General specifications for the construction of urban roads)
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
ASTM C29/C29M - Standard Test Method For Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) And Voids In Aggregate
ASTM C88/C88M - Standard Test Method For Soundness Of Aggregates By Use Of Sodium Sulfate Or Magnesium
Sulfate
ASTM C117 - Standard Test Method For Materials Finer Than 75-µm (No. 200) Sieve In Mineral Aggregates By Washing
ASTM C127 - Standard Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
ASTM C128 - Standard Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
ASTM C131/C131M - Standard Test Method For Resistance To Degradation Of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate By Abrasion
And Impact In The Los Angeles Machine
ASTM C142/C142M - Standard Test Method For Clay Lumps And Friable Particles In Aggregates
ASTM D5 - Standard Test Method For Penetration Of Bituminous Materials
ASTM D36 – Standard Test Method For Softening Point Of Bitumen (Ring-And-Ball Apparatus)
ASTM D85414 - Standard Test Methods For Specific Gravity Of Soil Solids By Water Pycnometer
ASTM D155607 - Standard Test Method For Density And Unit Weight Of Soil In Place By The Sand-Cone Method
ASTM D188316 - Standard Test Method For California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
ASTM D2041 – Standard Test Method For Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity And Density Of Asphalt Mixtures
ASTM D21702170/M-18 – Standard Test Method For Kinematic Viscosity Of Asphalts
ASTM D21712171/M-18 – Standard Test Method For Viscosity Of Asphalts By Vacuum Capillary Viscometer
ASTM D2216 - 19 - Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and
Rock by Mass
ASTM D2419 - 14 - Standard Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate
ASTM D2726 – Standard Test Method For Bulk Specific Gravity And Density Of Non-Absorptive Compacted Asphalt
Mixtures
ASTM D425316 - Standard Test Methods For Maximum Index Density And Unit Weight Of Soils Using A Vibratory
Table
ASTM D425416 - Standard Test Methods For Minimum Index Density And Unit Weight Of Soils And Calculation Of
Relative Density
ASTM D431817 - Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
ASTM D6913/D6913M-17- Standard Test Methods For Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) Of Soils Using Sieve
Analysis
109
ASTM D792817 - Standard Test Method For Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) Of Fine-Grained Soils Using The
Sedimentation (Hydrometer) Analysis
ASTM E77 - Standard Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
ASTM E1137 - Standard Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
AASHTO M-145 – Standard Specification for Classification of Soils and Soil–Aggregate Mixtures for Highway
Construction Purposes
AASHTO R-66 – Standard Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
AASHTO T 11 - Standard Method of Test for Materials Finer Than 75-µm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
AASHTO T 19M/T 19 - Standard Method of Test for Bulk Density ("Unit Weight") and Voids in Aggregate
AASHTO T 2714 - Standard Method of Test for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
AASHTO T 40 - Standard Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
AASHTO T 48 – Standard Method of Test for Flash Point of Asphalt Binder by Cleveland Open Cup
AASHTO T 49 – Standard Method of Test for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
AASHTO T 53 – Standard Method of Test for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)
AASHTO T 84 - Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
AASHTO T 85 - Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
AASHTO T 8813- – Standard Method of Test for Particle Size Analysis of Soils.
AASHTO T 96 - Standard Method of Test for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los
Angeles Machine
AASHTO T 9918- – Standard Method of Test for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 2.5-kg (5.5-lb) Rammer and a 305-mm (12-in.)
Drop
AASHTO T 100 – Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity of Soils
AASHTO T 104 - Standard Method of Test for Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
AASHTO T 112 - Standard Method of Test for Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Aggregate
AASHTO T 164 - Standard Method of Test for Quantitative Extraction of Asphalt Binder from Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA)
AASHTO T 166 – Standard Method of Test for Bulk Specific Gravity (Gmb) of Compacted Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Using
Saturated Surface-Dry Specimens
AASHTO T 18018- – Standard Method of Test for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 4.54-kg (10-lb) Rammer and a 457-mm (18-
in.) Drop.
AASHTO T 19313- – Standard Method of Test for the California Bearing Ratio
110
AASHTO T 201 – Standard Method of Test for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts (Bitumen)
AASHTO T 202 – Standard Method of Test for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer
AASHTO T 209 – Standard Method of Test for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity (Gmm) and Density of Hot Mix
Asphalt (HMA)
AASHTO T 245 – Standard Method of Test for Resistance to Plastic Flow of Asphalt Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus
AASHTO T 315 – Standard Method of Test for Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a
Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR).
AASHTO T 316 - Standard Method of Test for Viscosity Determination of Asphalt Binder Using Rotational Viscometer
Asphalt Institute MS-2 Asphalt Mix Design Methods
111
Amalhaq
113
114
115
116
117

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The technical manual for monitoring

the execution of road works

And the tests of Al-Rasf materials

1 - Scope and limits of application 11................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ...

1-1 application scope 11................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ............

2-1 Zone 11 exceptions................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ......

2 - Monitoring the implementation of road works................................................... ................................................ .............................................. 13

13 1-2 Preparatory stage ............................................. ................................................ ................................................ ...

2-2 Executive stage 14................................................... ................................................ ................................................ ...

3-2 Monitoring the implementation of road works 18................................................. ................................................ ........................................

2-4 Greedy of the quantities used 26................................................. ................................................ ..............................................

5-2 Reporting 26................................................... ................................................ ................................................ ...........

3- Tests of road construction materials 31................................... ................................................ ................................................

1-3 The engineering properties of materials 31................................................. ................................................ ........................................

2-3 types of samples 31................................................... ................................................ ................................................ ............. 3-3

Sampling places 32............................... ................................................ ................................................ ..................

4-3 Level 36 Tests................................................. ................................................ ................................................ .........

3-5 Al-Rakam tests................................................... ................................................ ................................................ ........ 50

3-6 Asphalt tests and asphalt mixes................................................. ................................................ ............... 63

5 - References 107................................................... ................................................ ................................................ ..........................

Digit table: (1-2-4-3) limit account 39................................. ................................................ ...................................

Digit table: (2-2-4-3) Hadd al-Dunah account 40................................... ................................................ ...................................

Table (1-9-4-3) value of tolerance (CBR) 49................................. ................................................ ...................................

Table (2-9-4-3) account of tolerance ratio (CBR) 49................................. ................................................ ................................

Table (2-1-5-3) example of calculation of smoothness coefficient................................... ................................................ ................... 51

Table (1-2-5-3) weight of coarse aggregates 53....................................... ................................................ ..............................................

Table (4-1-6-3) standard specifications of 74 viscosity oils............................................. ................................................ ...........

Table (6-2-6-3) content of the report................................... ................................................ .............................................. 93

Table (2-3-7-3) axial pressure levels in 1998................................... ................................................ ........................

Table (4-3-7-3) levels of extreme stress in 1998................................... ................................................ ...................................

Figure (2-2-4-3) Atterberg 37 device...................................... ................................................ ................................................ .......

Figure (3-2-4-3-b) ................................................ ................................................ ....................... 38

Figure (3-2-4-3-C)...................................... ................................................ ................................................ ....................... 38

Fig. (3-2-4-3-A) Limit device................................... ................................................ ............................................ 38

Figure (1-9-4-3) California 49 Proportion Determination Device................................... ................................................ ............................

Figure (3-1-5-1) standard climates................................... ................................................ .............................................. 50

Figure (3-1-6-1) Cleveland device 64....................................... ................................................ ................................................ ....

Figure (2-1-6-3) Gharz test needle................................... ................................................ ................................................ 65

Figure (3-1-6-3-A) Viscosity scale I type (Canon-Finsk) Al-Musta'arej 69 ................................

Figure (3-1-6-3-b) Viscosity scale of the type (Zitfus) Zul-ul-Ra'at 69 ..............................................

Figure (3-1-6-3-D) Viscosity scale with reverse inclinations 71 ................................................ .........

Figure (3-1-6-3) Viscosity scale 72................................... ................................................ ................................................

Figure (3-1-6-7-7) American modified poetic viscosity scale of Kuber 77 ........................................

Figure (3-1-6-7-7) vacuum viscosity scale of Lacanon Manj 78................................. ........................................

Figure (3-8-1-6-A) Asphalt cooling device - ring with 80 edges............................... ................................................

Figure (8-1-6-3) Al-Asphalt 80 cooling device................................... ................................................ ..........................

Figure (4-2-6-3) Extraction device pot................................................ ................................................ ...................................... 83

Figure (5-2-6-3) Marshall Apparatus Stability Marshall (89) ..............................................

Fig. (7-2-6-3) Marshall's device................................... ................................................ ................................................ ... 92

Figure (3-1-7-1) Aldurani Viscosity Scale ..................................... ................................................ .............................. 95

Figure (1-2-7-3) Al-Qus al-Dynamic device 96................................... ................................................ ...................................

Figure (1-3-7-3) Superpave device for dynamic dancing ................................................ ............. 97

the previous edition was expanded by adding the following tasks:

engineer, especially the necessary modifications.

Quality guarantor: timely and accurate inspection of completed works

implementation plan, executive plans, plans according to implementation, etc.

Social media and record keeping.

Inspection, inspection and preparation of the final application.

Comprehensive programs for safety, security and fire protection.

asphalt mixtures (Superpave) and special tests. method of determining