MSE- 821

MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR
OF MATERIALS
Lecture 5

ADEEL UMER
Asst. Prof (Dept. MSE)
 General form of failure criteria

An effective stress:

Failure occurs when:

Safety factor:
Maximum normal stress fracture (Rankie) criterion
Brittle Materials
Failure occurs when the maximum normal stress reaches a critical value:
Ultimate Strength
Maximum normal stress fracture criterion
Maximum shear stress yield (Tresca) criterion

At uniaxial loading:
Maximum shear stress yield criterion
Ductile Material
Maximum shear or Tresca criterion
 Von Mises failure criterion

Total stress Hydrostatic/ Deviator

isotropic

Only volume Only shape

change change
 Hydrostatic and deviator stress
• Since deviator is a second rank tensor, it has principal axes:

• Von Mises’ Criterion for failure

Yielding occurs when stresses on the RHS exceed yield stress in uniaxial condition
Von Mises yield criterion
Comparison of the failure criteria
Practice numerical
Appendix
Stresses in 3-D
 Stresses in 3-D
- Let the total stress acting on a plane be parallel to the plane normal
- This makes S, a principal stress that acts on a principal plane
 Stresses in 3-D
The components of total stress S, acting parallel to original x, y and z axis are:

Sx = l.S Area of COB = ΔA.l

Sy = m.S Area of COA = ΔA.m
Sz = n.S Area of AOB = ΔA.n
 Stresses in 3-D
The components of total forces, acting parallel to original x, y and z axis are:

Considering the assumption for equilibrium:

Stresses in 3-D
 Stresses in 3-D
Determinant:

The three roots of the cubic equation represent the principal stresses:
σ1, σ2, σ3
 Principle Stresses in 3-D

I1 =  x +  y +  z
I 2 =  x y +  x z +  y z −  −  − 
2
xy
2
xz
2
yz

I 3 =  x y z + 2 xy xz yz −  x yz2 −  y xz2 −  z xy2