Concepts Of Database Management 7th

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Chapter 6: Database Design 2: Design Method

TRUE/FALSE

1. The information-level design methodology involves representing the individual user view as a
collection of tables, refining them to eliminate any problems, and then merging them into a cumulative
design.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 184

2. A design that supports all user views is called a normalized design.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 184

3. The second step in creating a user view is to identify all keys in the tables.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 184

4. The second step in creating a user view is to normalize the tables.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 184

5. When provided with a user view or some sort of stated requirement, you must develop a collection of
tables that will support it.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 184

6. When creating user views, a “user” can be a report that the system must produce, or a type of
transaction the system must support.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 184

7. The basic relationships among entities are: one-to-many, many-to-many, and one-to-one.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 185

8. In a one-to-many relationship, the primary key of the “many” table becomes the foreign key of the
“one” table.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 185

9. You create a many-to-many relationship by creating a new table whose primary key is the combination
of the primary keys of the original tables.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 185

10. The simplest way to implement a one-to-one relationship is to treat it as a one-to-many relationship.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 186

11. A secondary key is a column or collection of columns in one table that is required to match the value
of the primary key for some row in another table, or be null.
 ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 186

12. Entity integrity is the property that states that a secondary key in one table is required to match the
value of the primary key for some row in another table or is required to be null.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 186

13. In DBDL, you represent a table by listing all columns and then underlining the primary key.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 187

14. In an entity-relationship diagram, there is no way to visually determine the primary key.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 188

15. When you use an E-R diagram to represent a database, it visually illustrates all the information listed
in the DBDL.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 189

16. Nulls are used when a value is either unknown or inapplicable.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 213

17. When you combine third normal form tables, the result will always be in third normal form.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 217

18. The use of an “m” and an “n” in an E-R diagram indicates a many-to-many relationship.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 218

19. An entity that exists to implement a many-to-many relationship is called a multivalued entity.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 219

20. An entity that depends on another entity for its own existence is called a weak entity.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 221

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A set of requirements that is necessary to support the operations of a particular database user is known
as a(n) ____.
a. user view c. user window
b. user snapshot d. user system
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 184

2. The properties of the entities you choose as you design the user view will become the ____ in the
appropriate tables.
a. rows c. records
 b. columns d. tuples
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 185

3. If each employee works in a single department and each department has only one employee, the
relationship between employees and departments is ____.
a. one-to-one c. many-to-one
b. one-to-many d. many-to-many
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 186

4. A(n) ____ is a primary key that consists of a column that uniquely identifies an entity, such as a
person’s Social Security number.
a. surrogate key c. artificial key
b. synthetic key d. natural key
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 186

5. A column that you create for an entity to serve solely as the primary key and that is visible to users is
called a(n) ____.
a. synthetic key c. artificial key
b. surrogate key d. natural key
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 187

6. A(n) ____ is a system-generated primary key that is usually hidden from users.
a. logical key c. natural key
b. surrogate key d. artificial key
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 187

7. A natural key is also called a(n) ____ key.

a. surrogate c. secondary
b. intelligent d. synthetic
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 186

8. When a DBMS creates a(n) ____ key, it is usually an automatic numbering data type, such as the
Access AutoNumber data type.
a. surrogate c. natural
b. artificial d. logical
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 187

9. The following is an example of DBDL documentation for an Employee table ____.

a. Employee (EmployeeNum, LastName, FirstName, Street, City, State, Zip)
b. Employee (EmployeeNum, LastName, FirstName, Street, City, State, Zip)
c. Employee (EmployeeNum, LastName, FirstName, Street, City, State, Zip, (WageRate,
SocSecNum, DepartmentNum) )
d. Employee (EmployeeNum, LastName, FirstName, Street, City, State, Zip, WageRate,
SocSecNum, DepartmentNum)
AK SocSecNum
SK LastName
FK DepartmentNum → Department
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 187
10. An alternative to the primary key of a table is listed with the ____ abbreviation in DBDL.
a. SK c. PK
b. FK d. AK
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 187

Employee (EmployeeNum, LastName, FirstName, WageRate, SocSecNum, DepartmentNum)

Employee (EmployeeNum, LastName, FirstName, Street, City, State, Zip)

11. If you combine the two tables shown above, the result would be ____.
a. Employee (EmployeeNum, LastName, FirstName, WageRate, SocSecNum,
DepartmentNum, (Street, City, Zip) )
b. Employee (EmployeeNum, LastName, FirstName, WageRate, SocSecNum,
DepartmentNum, Street, City, State, Zip)
c. Employee (EmployeeNum, LastName, FirstName, Street, City State, Zip, WageRate,
SocSecNum)
d. Employee (EmployeeNum, LastName, FirstName, WageRate, SocSecNum,
DepartmentNum, EmployeeNum, LastName, FirstName, Street, City, State, Zip )
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 189

12. Independent entities have ____ in an E-R diagram.

a. dashed borders c. square corners
b. dark backgrounds d. rounded corners
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 196

13. An entity that does not require a relationship to another entity for identification is called a(n) ____.
a. alternative entity c. independent entity
b. foreign entity d. single entity
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 196

14. A relationship that is necessary for identification is called a(n) ____.

a. objectifying relationship c. identifying relationship
b. merging relationship d. referential relationship
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 196

15. Convert the following table to first normal form:

Branch (BranchNum, BranchName, (BookCode, Title, CopyNum, Quality, Price) )
a. Branch (BranchNum, BranchName)
Book (BookCode, Title, CopyNum)
b. Branch (BranchNum, BranchName)
c. Book (BookCode, Title, Copynum)
d. Branch (BranchNum, BranchName, BookCode, Title, CopyNum, Quality, Price)
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 198

16. When implementing the physical-level design, you must ensure that it is possible to retrieve data
rapidly on the basis of a value of any ____ keys.
a. primary c. alternate
b. secondary d. foreign
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 201
17. After the information-level design is completed, the ____ is the next step.
a. physical-level design c. DBMS-level design
b. modality-level design d. table-level design
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 201

18. When designing a database, you might find it helpful to design a(n) ____ to obtain the required
information from users.
a. E-R diagram c. report
b. IDEF1X diagram d. survey form
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 203

19. The type of information collected on the survey form that describes reports that must be produced is
____.
a. attribute information c. relationship information
b. processing information d. entity information
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 204

20. The crucial issue in making the determination between a single many-to-many-to-many relationship
and two (or three) many-to-many relationships is the ____.
a. independence c. redundancy
b. data dependence d. cardinality
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 213

21. If a many-to-many-to-many relationship is created when it is not appropriate to do so, the conversion
to ____ normal form will correct the problem.
a. first c. third
b. second d. fourth
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 213

22. A subtype is also called a(n) ____ in IDEF1X terminology.

a. dependent c. specification
b. inner type d. category
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 216

23. In IDEF1X, the ____ is the symbol for category.

a. square c. diamond
b. rectangle d. circle
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 216

24. In IEDF1X, complete categories are represented by ____ horizontal line(s) below the category symbol.
a. one c. three
b. two d. four
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 216

25. In the standard E-R diagrams, relationships are drawn as ____, with lines connecting the entities
involved in relationships.
a. rectangles c. circles
 b. diamonds d. squares
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 217

26. An entity that exists to implement a many-to-many relationship is called a(n) ____.
a. composite entity c. complicated entity
b. complex entity d. circular entity
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 219

27. On an E-R diagram, the number closest to the rectangle represents ____ cardinality.
a. maximum c. midvalue
b. minimum d. smallest
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 221

28. On an E-R diagram, the number closest to the relationship represents ____ cardinality.
a. maximum c. midvalue
b. minimum d. largest
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 221

29. ____ means that an entity has a minimum cardinality of zero.

a. The entity has a mandatory role in the relationship
b. The entity is not required in the relationship
c. The entity should not be in the relationship as an attribute
d. The entity must be listed with all zeroes in the data fields
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 222

30. ____ means that an entity has a minimum cardinality of one.

a. The entity is required in the relationship
b. The entity is not required in the relationship
c. The entity should not be in the relationship as an attribute
d. The entity must be listed with all ones in the data fields
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 222

COMPLETION

1. During the ____________________-level design, designers must consider the characteristics of the
particular DBMS that the organization will use.

ANS: physical

PTS: 1 REF: 183

2. For each table in a database, you must identify the primary key and any alternate keys, secondary keys,
and ____________________ keys.

ANS: foreign

PTS: 1 REF: 186

 3. Columns in a table that are of interest strictly for the purpose of retrieval are known as
____________________.

ANS: secondary keys

PTS: 1 REF: 186

4. Foreign keys allow you to create relationships among tables and enforce certain types of
____________________ constraints in a database.

ANS: integrity

PTS: 1 REF: 186

5. The style of E-R diagram used in the text is ____________________.

ANS: IDEF1X

PTS: 1 REF: 188

6. If you have alternate keys for a table, you should create a(n) ____________________ index for each
alternate key.

ANS: unique

PTS: 1 REF: 186

7. A relationship that is not necessary for identification is called a(n) ____________________

relationship.

ANS: nonidentifying

PTS: 1 REF: 196

8. On an E-R diagram, ____________________ entities have rounded corners.

ANS: dependent

PTS: 1 REF: 196

9. In the ____________________ design method, specific user requirements are synthesized into a
design.

ANS:
bottom-up
bottom up

PTS: 1 REF: 202

10. The ____________________ design method begins with a general database design that models the
overall enterprise and repeatedly refines the model to achieve a design that supports all necessary
applications.

ANS: top-down
 PTS: 1 REF: 202

11. To obtain information about ____________________ you might ask users questions such as: “If you
know a particular employee number, can you establish other information, such as employee name?”

ANS: functional dependencies

PTS: 1 REF: 203

12. A(n) ____________________ is a special value that represents the absence of a value in a field.

ANS: null

PTS: 1 REF: 213

13. You can recognize entity subtypes by the fact the primary key is also a(n) ____________________.

ANS: foreign key

PTS: 1 REF: 214

14. An entity-relationship (E-R) model is an approach to representing data in a(n)

____________________.

ANS: database

PTS: 1 REF: 217

15. A(n) ____________________ is essentially both an entity and a relationship and is represented in an
E-R diagram by a diamond within a rectangle.

ANS: composite entity

PTS: 1 REF: 219

16. When the existence of one entity depends on the existence of another related entity, there is a(n)
____________________.

ANS: existence dependency

PTS: 1 REF: 221

17. An entity that depends on another entity for its own existence is called a(n) ____________________.

ANS:
weak entity
dependent entity

PTS: 1 REF: 221

18. A weak entity corresponds to the term ____________________.

ANS: dependent entity

 PTS: 1 REF: 221

19. ____________________ refers to the number of items that must be included in a relationship.

ANS: Cardinality

PTS: 1 REF: 221

20. One way to indicate a one-to-many relationship is to place a crow's foot at the
____________________ end of the relationship.

ANS:
“many”
many

PTS: 1 REF: 222

ESSAY

1. List the steps that must be followed for each user view, as suggested by the information-level design
methodology.

ANS:
The steps are:
1. Represent the user view as a collection of tables.
2. Normalize these tables.
3. Identify all keys in these tables.
4. Merge the results of Steps 1 through 3 into the cumulative design.

PTS: 1 REF: 184

2. The basic relationships are one-to-many, many-to-many, and one-to-one. How do you create each type
of relationship in the information-level design?

ANS:
To create a one-to-many relationship, include the primary key of the “one” table as a foreign key in the
“many” table. You create a many-to-many relationship by creating a new table whose primary key is
the combination of the primary keys of the original tables. The simplest way to implement a
one-to-one relations is to treat it as a one-to-many relationship. To decide which table is the “one”
table and which table is the “many” table consider how the relationship might change in the future.

PTS: 1 REF: 185-186

3. There are three different types of primary keys: natural keys, artificial keys, and surrogate keys.
Describe each of these types.

ANS:
 A natural key (also called a logical key or an intelligent key) is a primary key that consists of a column
that uniquely identifies an entity, such as a person’s Social Security number, a book’s ISBN
(International Standard Book Number), a product’s UPC (Universal Product Code), or a vehicle’s VIN
(Vehicle Identification Number). If a natural key does not exist for an entity, it is common to create a
primary key column that will be unique and accessible to users. A column that you create for an entity
to serve solely as the primary key and that is visible to users is called an artificial key. The final type
of primary key, which is called a surrogate key (or a synthetic key), is a system-generated primary key
that is usually hidden from users. When a DBMS creates a surrogate key, it is usually an automatic
numbering data type, such as the Access AutoNumber data type.

PTS: 1 REF: 186-187

4. What type of information should be included on a survey form in order for it to be considered valuable
to the design process?

ANS:
The survey form should contain the following information:

Entity information
Attribute (column) information
Relationships
Functional dependencies
Processing information

PTS: 1 REF: 203-204

5. Explain the difference between a minimum cardinality of zero and a minimum cardinality of one.

ANS:
An entity in a relationship with minimum cardinality of zero plays an optional role in the relationship.
An entity with a minimum cardinality of one plays a mandatory role in the relationship.

PTS: 1 REF: 222