University of Lille

Nanoscience and nanotechnologie in Civil engneering

Polytech de Lille

Ecological House

Presented by :
ACHIR Hamida
MAKHLOUF Ablla
JEMAA Hichem

2022 - 2023
 Table of Contents

Introduction……………………………………………………………………...2
House conception ……………………………………………………………….3
Isolation………………………………………………………………………….6
Heating System…………………………………………………………………11
Rainwater harvsting System (RHW) ………………………………………..…14
Profitability…………………………………………………………………..…15
Comparaison and conclusion…………………………………………………...15
Refernces ………………………………………………………………………17

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1. Introduction
Pollution is a big problem for everyone at all times. It is considered the largest environmental
cause of disease and premature death in the world. Engineering is about finding solutions.
Protecting our environment is therefore our duty by finding new ways of living that reduce this
pollution.

▪ What is green house

An eco-friendly home is one that protects the environment, uses non-toxic building materials,
and conserves energy during both construction and use. This idea not only reduces the
environmental impact, but also preserves the health of the inhabitants. Discover with us our
modest house built with ecological materials perfect for the region of the city of Lille. [1]

Figure 1. Green house symbole.

▪ How to realize it
The concept is to realize an ecological house using renewable energy without neglecting the
economical part.
▪ Make the most of natural light
▪ Use enough insulation
▪ Water saving fixtures
▪ Use green and sustainable materials
▪ Saving energy

Figure 2. Eco-house.
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2. House conception
▪ House location
Our house will have an area of 158 m², we have chosen a location close to public transportation
to reduce the use of the car to reduce the daily carbon footprint.

Figure 3. Location plan.

▪ House orientation
The house will be oriented towards the south to make the most of the sun's heat and natural
light. Specially the living and the kitchen area where we spend most of our time.

Figure 4. House orientation.

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 ▪ House plan
The architecture of the house is Flemish neo-Renaissance style, traditional style of the north
of France and Belgium. The house is on the street “Rue de l’Agrippin” in Wambrechies

Table 1. House plan.

Area
Ground 761.28m²
Ground Floor 107m²
R+1 51m²

▪ House view

Figure 5. 3D view of the house.

Figure 6. Main facade.

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▪ Plan

Figure 7. Ground floor.

Figure 8. first floor.

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3. Isolation
The materials you use must adhere to specific standards in order to be considered ecological:
❖ They must come from a renewable source.
❖ The environment must not be adversely affected during their manufacture.
❖ The ecosystem must not be harmed by them.
❖ They must have a lengthy lifespan to avoid needing to be replaced frequently.
❖ All components must be recyclable

▪ Presentation of materials
a. Reinforced concrete
A solid foundation is necessary for every structure in order to avoid collapse. It is important to
take the foundation-building process seriously.

In fact, the quality of the foundation laid has a significant impact on the stability, safety, and
durability of the building.

Figure 9. Foundation.
Concrete should be chosen as the best material. For this reason, we only need insulated
reinforced low carbon concrete with 100% recycled aggregate footings for our house.

▪ Advantages and features:

Among its various benefits, the following should be mentioned:
▪ Durability, strength, and safety.
▪ Resistant to compression and traction.
▪ Simple to assemble, fireproof, ideal vibration isolation, and cost-effective.
▪ Capability to adapt to any environment
▪ Fortitude.
▪ Energy-saving.

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b. Framework
The function of framework is to:

▪ Support roofing components (essential function).

▪ Withstand wind-related forces, potential snow loads, or maintenance forces.
▪ Support for the floor, ceiling, and insulation.

Figure 10. Framework.

Among its various benefits, the following should be mentioned :
▪ Durability, strength, and safety
▪ Resistant to compression and tractionSimple to assemble, fireproof, ideal vibration
isolation, and cost-effective.
▪ Capability to adapt to any environment
▪ Fortitude
▪ Energy-saving

c. Hemp brick
▪ Fonctions

Hemp straw and a natural hydraulic binder are used to make hemp bricks.

Figure 11. Hemp brick.

The pattern of the building and the intended performance determine the block's thickness,
which can range from 10 to 30 cm.

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Building with hemp brick or block insulates your home while also being environmentally
friendly.

▪ Advantages

Among its various benefits, the following should be mentioned :

▪ Only natural and healthy components were used to make the hemp brick (no volatile
organic compounds).
▪ It can be recycled and decomposed completely.
▪ Its production uses relatively minimal energy
▪ It is a good thermal and acoustic insulator and is a relatively simple material to use.

▪ The hemp brick, a substance that controls indoor humidity, is permeable to water
vapor.

Table 2. Technical information

c. The cellular concrete

▪ Fonctions

The floor layer known as the insulating screed minimizes heat loss from a structure.
The cellular concrete insulating screed is the ideal choice for offering the most comfort in both
the summer and the winter.
It is a combination that expands when aluminum powder is applied.

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This enables the development of numerous air-storing cells.
Cellular concrete can be found in either the form of a liquid screed or in the form of solid blocks,
depending on the application.

▪ Advantages

Concrete is a sturdy and durable material that is also incredibly light and environmentally
friendly.

Figure 12. The cellular concrete

Excellent insulating properties, non-flammability, and ease of usage

d. The Cellulose wadding

▪ Fonctions

The affordable insulation known as cellulose wadding is created from recycled paper and has
undergone special processes to ensure fire resistance. It has a high water vapor
permeabilityand effective humidity control. It is however still susceptible to settling.

Figure 13. The cellular wadding

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 ▪ Advantages

Among its various benefits, the following should be mentioned :

▪ high quality sound insulation due to its unique texture and relatively high density. -
superb thermal regulator that generates a very effective insulating barrier.

▪ The high quality-price ratio of this insulation makes it stand out economically and
ensures that the quality will last for many years.

▪ more manageable than other insulators.

Table 2. Technical information

e. Price study
Table 3. Price study

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3. Heating System
A heating system is a mechanism that keeps the temperature of the building at an
acceptable level. Most traditional heating systems are harmful to the environment, so scientists
are currently investing in other possibilities to create an efficient systems, especially for cities
that experience cold winters like Lille – France (Table 1).
Table 4. Average temperature in Lille – France for year 2020 – Form the Climate Data organization
[1]

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Average 4 4.3 6.7 9.9 13.4 16.4 18.5 18.1 15.5 12.1 7.7 4.7
temperature
(°C)

▪ Geothermal heating
Geothermal heat is a local, reliable, resilient, environmentally friendly and sustainable
energy source. This natural energy is produced from the heat of the earth and has various
applications, such as heating and cooling buildings, generating electricity, providing hot or cold
water for agricultural products in rural and urban areas. buildings, electricity generation,
provision of hot or cold water for agricultural products in greenhouses and balneology.
greenhouses, and balneological use. Geothermal energy is not dependent on weather or climate
and can provide heat and electricity almost continuously throughout the year. heat and
electricity almost continuously throughout the year [2].

Very low energy

Low energy Deep

Figure 14. Geothermal heating principal [3]

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There are three types of geothermal systems depending on the energy desired :
a. Very low energy :
▪ heating of swimming pools, greenhouses ... etc.: although it has a low temperature, the
water can be used directly for heating the pool,

▪ heating by heat pump: the temperature of the water is insufficient for the direct heating
of the hut, requiring the use of heat pumps on groundwater or geothermal probes

▪ heating of individual houses: the calories necessary for the heating are taken by a device
associating a heat pump with a collector buried in the superficial under ground.

b. Low energy :
▪ district heating: the high temperature of the water allows it to be used directly to supply
heating networks.

c. Deep :
▪ the temperature of the hot fractured rocks at great depths makes it possible to produce
steam for power stations.

▪ Geothermal principal
Geothermal heating system that uses the energy of the ground to heat up a home. It is necessary
to install a heat pump with a vertical collection network to draw calories from the earth and
transfer them to the house. More expensive than horizontal geometry heating, this one requires
less space, 1 to 2 m² of surface is enough for the installation. On the other hand, the installation
of the heat pump requires depth for a drilling which can go from 50 to 100 m according to the
cases.

Figure 15. Geothermal heating over a water table [3]

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 ▪ Application
We can see in figure 3, that we have two zones, in the green zone we can apply directly the
geothermal principle without needing an expert, and in the orange zone, we need the
confirmation of an expert to apply it.

Figure 15. Geothermal zones in Lille [3]

The best choice is to buy the site in the green zone.
In this project, we will use the vertical sensor technique, with following implantation ( distance with
two sensors is 10m) :

Figure 16. Sensor implantation [3]

Table 5. Pump power [3]
Area 110 m²
Heating power of the heat pump 10.74
Cold power of the heat pump 5.89
Rate of coverage of needs 100%

To obtain this results, we need at least 3 sensors with depth of 80 m.

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4. Rainwater harvsting System (RHW)
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is probably the oldest practice used in the world to meet
water needs. practice used in the world to meet water needs. On recent decades, due to new
technological possibilities, many countries are supporting the updated implementation of this
practice to address the increasing water demand pressure related to climate, environmental and
societal changes.

Figure 17 . Components of a typical RWH system [4]

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the collection and storage of rainwater, rather than letting it run
off. Rainwater is collected from a roof surface and redirected to a reservoir, cistern, deep pit
(well, borehole), aquifer or percolating tank so that it infiltrates and replenishes the water table.

▪ Implantation

Figure 18. Water bassin implantation

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4. Profitability
▪ Geothermal technique :
According to Totalenergy statistics, the average electricity consumption for a 110 m² house is about
12 400 KWh per year, which is worth 2083.2 euros.

Most geothermal instalation charge around 0,03 KWh which mean for a usage of 12 400 KWh, we spend
372 euro/year, A budget of between 13,500 and 15,000 euros is generally required for the purchase and
installation of the system.
So the rentability will be in about 8 years, and this technique will have a saving of 1711 euros /year.
And it will last more than 50 years of usage with low maintenance.

Rainwater harvesting :
In 2020, the average annual precipitation is about : 750 mm/year , our roof have an area of 55
m² which mean that we could collect up to 40 m3 / year.
The average water consumption per family in France according to the statistics of 2020 is equal
to 120 m3/year, with a price of 3.78€/ m3, we spend about 450 euros each year, the purpose of
the recovery system is to reduce this consumption by taking advantage of rainwater, because
Lille is one of the cities that has a significant rainfall each year.
For our home, we will use a system consist of 700 L capacity tank with a pump in a simple
connection costs 750€, By using this technique we will have a saving of about 150€ / year and
profitability in 5 years.

5. Comparaison and conclusion

We did a research on the prices of houses in the area where we located our house, we found
that a house of 110 m² in Wambrechies – Lille woth approximatly 200 000 euro, our eco house
using this techniques will coast approximatly :
▪ House with insolations : 215 331 €
▪ Geothermal technique : 15 000 €
▪ Rainwater harvsting System : 750 €
Total : 231 081 €

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As conclusion we can see that switching to eco-houses is the best solution to save our environment,
and it is realizable in economical way, people need to start thinking about investing their money on
this kind of houses.

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Refernces :
[1] Climate selectra magazine - 2022.
[1] Climate-data organisation for 2020.
[2] M soltani et Al. A comprehensive study of geothermal heating and cooling systems.
[3] La géothermie,l’énergie les pieds sur terre – Cours Master 1 GEOBAS Lille.
[4] Alberto et Al. Urban rainwater harvesting systems: Research, implementation and future
perspectives.
[5] www.totalenergies.fr/particuliers/parlons-energie/dossiers-energie/comprendre-le-marche-de-l-
nergie/la-consommation-moyenne-en-electricite-d-une-maison

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