Engineering Design An Introduction

2nd Edition Karsnitz Test Bank

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Chapter 7: Investigation and Research for Design Development

TRUE/FALSE

1. Market research is a good place to start the design process and usually involves asking questions
about consumers.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Asking Questions

2. Market research and laboratory studies are essential tools of product development and the
information collected can later be used by the advertising and sales forces.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Using Primary Sources

3. The term mark refers only to service marks.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Using Primary Sources

4. Secondary sources are good places to start research because they often represent broad summaries
of information on your topic.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Using Secondary Sources

5. Human factors information provides data about the potential user of the product to the design team.
This type of information cannot be presented as statistical measures.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Using Secondary Sources

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A(n) ____ question is a question that has only one correct answer.
a. closed c. reference
b. open-ended d. primary
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Asking Questions

2. When researching a topic, the first questions asked should be ____.

a. specific c. about primary sources
b. general d. researched on the Internet
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Asking Questions

3. Primary sources are sometimes available in ____ that can be accessed online.
a. trademarks c. databases
b. laboratories d. secondary sources
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Using Primary Sources

4. ____ patents may be granted to anyone who invents or discovers any new and useful process,
machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement
thereof.
a. Utility c. Plant
b. Design d. Primary
 ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Using Primary Sources

5. Material that has been issued a _____ is marked with the © symbol.
a. patent c. trademark
b. bookmark d. copyright
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Using Primary Sources

6. ____ is a common form of inappropriate use of another person’s work.

a. Citation c. Plagiarism
b. Keywording d. Patenting
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Using Primary Sources

7. A ____ refers to information that has been previously published usually by someone else.
a. patent c. primary source
b. secondary source d. database
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Using Secondary Sources

8. There are online libraries such as Refdesk.com, Internet Public Library, Virtual Reference Desk,
and Libraryspot.com. These Web ____ organize databases in categories.
a. portals c. trademarks
b. laboratories d. patents
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Using Secondary Sources

9. It is always a good idea to begin research with an online _____ such as Britannica.com or
Wikipedia, as these articles provide an overview and define terms.
a. portals c. encyclopedia
b. databases d. magazines
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Using Secondary Sources

10. Most people believe that things are designed for ____.
a. the extreme case c. American standards
b. celebrities d. the average person
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Using Secondary Sources

COMPLETION

1. A(n) ____________________ question can have more than one answer and often leads to more
questions.

ANS:
open-ended
open ended

PTS: 1 REF: Asking Questions

2. A(n) ____________________ source refers to original information not previously summarized or

reported by someone other than the person or group responsible for the information.

ANS: primary
 PTS: 1 REF: Using Primary Sources

3. Personal and corporate rights to the ownership of designs and other forms of
____________________ property are established in patent, trademark, and copyright law.

ANS: intellectual

PTS: 1 REF: Using Primary Sources

4. Most search engines allow for ____________________ logic searching and the inclusion or
exclusion of information through the use of operators such as AND, NOT, and OR.

ANS: Boolean

PTS: 1 REF: Using Secondary Sources

5. Human factors engineering, or ____________________, the term more commonly used in Europe,
is the design of products, as well as of working and living space, to fit the needs of humans.

ANS: ergonomics

PTS: 1 REF: Using Secondary Sources

SHORT ANSWER

1. What are some common research questions asked while performing market research?

ANS:
Common research questions are: Who will use this product? Will the appeal of this new product be
its price, appearance, uniqueness, or ease of use? What similar products already are available? Will
this new product be worth the time and money that it takes to produce it? Other questions about
government regulations, economic trends, and technological advances also should be asked.

PTS: 1 REF: Asking Questions

2. What is the difference between utility patents and design patents?

ANS:
Utility patents may be granted to anyone who invents or discovers any new and useful process,
machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement
thereof.

Design patents may be granted to anyone who invents a new, original, and ornamental design for
an article of manufacture.

PTS: 1 REF: Using Primary Sources

3. How can you search for patents online?

ANS:
 Design teams may want to know what patent(s) have been issued for similar products or
components of products. While there are organizations that specialize in patents and patent law
searches, students can search the USPTO database on the Web at
http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. Searches for patents issued between 1790 and 1976
generally provide issue date and patent number. Searches of patents after 1976 provide
considerably more information including the inventor’s name, title, abstract, date of issue, patent
number, descriptions, drawings and images, and other associated patents.

PTS: 1 REF: Using Primary Sources

4. How can you save your search results?

ANS:
Designers need to document search results throughout the design process and provide references in
the final report. One way to keep track of your work is to bookmark relevant information and
organize it in files. Carefully organized reference material can save a lot of frustration later in the
design process. Google Notebook™ and Noodletools™ are two good ways to organize collected
material. Some sites have their own capabilities to save referenced materials.

PTS: 1 REF: Using Primary Sources

5. What is anthropometrics?

ANS:
Human factors information provides data about the potential user of the product to the design team.
The data is part of the scientific study of humans known as anthropometrics. The data is presented
to designers as statistical measures including averages, percentiles, and standard deviations of a
given population of people.

PTS: 1 REF: Using Secondary Sources