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Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards

Chapter 06
Volcanoes and Related Hazards

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The nature of volcanic eruptions is closely related to plate tectonics and magma type.
Which of the following best describes basaltic magma?
A. relatively SiO2 poor and hot
B. relatively SiO2 poor and cool
C. relatively SiO2 rich and hot
D. relatively SiO2 rich and cool

Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: Describe the different tectonic settings in which volcanoes form and the
basic types of volcanoes and magma that are found in these settings.
Learning Outcome: Describe what controls magma viscosity and how viscosity affects the
explosiveness of eruptions and the nature of lava flows.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

6-1
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any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards

2. Viscosity is the measure of a fluid's resistance to a flow. Which of the following factors
affect the viscosity of magmas?
A. temperature and SiO2 content
B. density and temperature
C. elevation and density
D. density and water content
E. water and SiO2 content

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: Describe what controls magma viscosity and how viscosity affects the
explosiveness of eruptions and the nature of lava flows.
Learning Outcome: Explain why some magmas explode violently when they breach the
surface and are exposed to atmospheric conditions.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

3. Which of the following factors determine whether a volcanic eruption will be explosive or
non-explosive?
A. magma viscosity and gas content
B. depth of magma and elevation
C. magma viscosity and elevation
D. depth of magma and rock fractures
E. gas content and rock fractures

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: Describe what controls magma viscosity and how viscosity affects the
explosiveness of eruptions and the nature of lava flows.
Learning Outcome: Explain why some magmas explode violently when they breach the
surface and are exposed to atmospheric conditions.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

6-2
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards

4. Which of the following tectonic settings is the most likely to generate an explosive volcanic
eruption?
A. subduction zone
B. mid-ocean ridge
C. oceanic hot-spot
D. rift valley
E. fold mountain belt

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: Describe the different tectonic settings in which volcanoes form and the
basic types of volcanoes and magma that are found in these settings.
Learning Outcome: Describe what controls magma viscosity and how viscosity affects the
explosiveness of eruptions and the nature of lava flows.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

5. Which of the following would most likely result in a lava flow that is hazardous to
humans?
A. low viscosity basaltic magma
B. high viscosity rhyolitic magma
C. high viscosity andesitic magma
D. low viscosity andesitic magma
E. high viscosity basaltic magma

Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: Describe what controls magma viscosity and how viscosity affects the
explosiveness of eruptions and the nature of lava flows.
Learning Outcome: List the various types of volcanic hazards; then make a separate list of
those that can occur even when a volcano is not erupting.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

6-3
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards

6. There are two basic types of volcanoes, shield and composite cone. Which of the following
best describes composite cone volcanoes?
A. relatively small, erupt andesitic magma, and are highly explosive
B. relatively small, erupt basaltic magma, and are highly explosive
C. relatively large, erupt andesitic magma, and are non-explosive
D. relatively large, erupt basaltic magma, and are highly explosive
E. relatively large, erupt basaltic magma, and are non-explosive

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: Describe the different tectonic settings in which volcanoes form and the
basic types of volcanoes and magma that are found in these settings.
Learning Outcome: Describe what controls magma viscosity and how viscosity affects the
explosiveness of eruptions and the nature of lava flows.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

7. Which of the following best explains why some volcanoes erupt so violently?
A. rapid decompression of dissolved gases
B. rapid temperature drop as magma reaches the surface environment
C. cooling effect of seawater beneath island arc volcanoes
D. combustion as nitrogen gas compounds react with atmospheric oxygen
E. all of the answers listed here

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: Describe what controls magma viscosity and how viscosity affects the
explosiveness of eruptions and the nature of lava flows.
Learning Outcome: Explain why some magmas explode violently when they breach the
surface and are exposed to atmospheric conditions.
Learning Outcome: Explain why water is the key to explosive eruptions and describe where it
originates.
Section: 06.02
Topic: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

6-4
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any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards

8. Which of the following is an example of a hot-spot, or intraplate volcano?

A. Hawaiian Islands
B. Mt. St. Helens
C. the Ring of Fire
D. Mt. Fuji
E. Mt. Rainier

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: Describe the different tectonic settings in which volcanoes form and the
basic types of volcanoes and magma that are found in these settings.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

9. Water vapor is often the most abundant dissolved gas within magma. What best describes
the source of water in gas-rich magmas?
A. water-rich sediment in subduction zones
B. seepage of seawater into oceanic crustal rocks
C. heavy rainfall in tropical areas
D. shallow groundwater circulating through continental crustal rocks
E. all of the answers listed here

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: Explain why some magmas explode violently when they breach the
surface and are exposed to atmospheric conditions.
Learning Outcome: Explain why water is the key to explosive eruptions and describe where it
originates.
Section: 06.02
Topic: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

6-5
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards

10. What best describes the relatively small volcanoes that form when fragments of erupted
lava cool and accumulate around a vent?
A. cinder cone
B. shield volcano
C. composite cone
D. lava dome
E. fissure dome

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: Describe the different tectonic settings in which volcanoes form and the
basic types of volcanoes and magma that are found in these settings.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

11. Which of the following terms is used to describe a large circular depression that forms
after an eruption when a magma chamber becomes empty and collapses in on itself?
A. caldera
B. crater
C. lava pit
D. tuff-cone
E. sinkhole

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: Describe the different tectonic settings in which volcanoes form and the
basic types of volcanoes and magma that are found in these settings.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

6-6
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any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards

12. What best describes a pyroclastic flow?

A. dry avalanche of hot material
B. lava flow that has caught on fire
C. hot mudflow
D. dense ash fall
E. volcanic tsunami that makes landfall

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: Describe the different tectonic settings in which volcanoes form and the
basic types of volcanoes and magma that are found in these settings.
Learning Outcome: List the various types of volcanic hazards; then make a separate list of
those that can occur even when a volcano is not erupting.
Section: 06.02
Topic: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

13. Which of the following hazards is LEAST likely to be associated with explosive volcanic
eruptions?
A. lava flows
B. pyroclastic flows
C. tsunamis
D. ash fall
E. mudflows

Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: Describe what controls magma viscosity and how viscosity affects the
explosiveness of eruptions and the nature of lava flows.
Learning Outcome: List the various types of volcanic hazards; then make a separate list of
those that can occur even when a volcano is not erupting.
Section: 06.02
Topic: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

6-7
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any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards

14. Which of the following is NOT a common a problem associated with volcanic ash-fall?
A. forest fires
B. destruction of crops
C. building collapse
D. disruption of air travel
E. filling of stream channels

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: List the various types of volcanic hazards; then make a separate list of
those that can occur even when a volcano is not erupting.
Section: 06.02
Topic: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

15. What best explains why volcanic mudflows are so dangerous to humans?
A. they move down stream valleys where people tend to live
B. the high temperature of the mud
C. they trigger other types of landslides
D. all of the answers listed here
E. they are more fluid and move more rapidly than a normal flood

Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: List the various types of volcanic hazards; then make a separate list of
those that can occur even when a volcano is not erupting.
Section: 06.02
Topic: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

6-8
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any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards

16. Which of the following volcanoes in the U.S. is most notably for having a history of
massive mudflows, which today threatens large numbers of people?
A. Mt. Rainier, Washington
B. Mt. St. Helens, Washington
C. Mt. Shasta, California
D. Mt. Spur, Alaska
E. Mauna Loa, Hawaii

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: Describe the different tectonic settings in which volcanoes form and the
basic types of volcanoes and magma that are found in these settings.
Learning Outcome: List the various types of volcanic hazards; then make a separate list of
those that can occur even when a volcano is not erupting.
Section: 06.02
Topic: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

17. Which of the following is NOT a tool that scientists use to predict volcanic eruptions?
A. deep drilling and magma sampling
B. volcanic gas sampling
C. monitoring topographic changes
D. seismic monitoring
E. monitoring geophysical and groundwater changes

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: Describe the different monitoring tools geologists use to make eruption
forecasts and how emergency managers use the forecasts to minimize the effects of eruptions.
Learning Outcome: Describe what controls magma viscosity and how viscosity affects the
explosiveness of eruptions and the nature of lava flows.
Learning Outcome: Explain why some magmas explode violently when they breach the
surface and are exposed to atmospheric conditions.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

6-9
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any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards

True / False Questions

18. Volcanic tsunamis can form around volcanic islands during large explosive events or
massive landslides.
TRUE

Large tsunamis are known to occur around volcanic islands during explosive eruptions and
massive landslides.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: Explain why some magmas explode violently when they breach the
surface and are exposed to atmospheric conditions.
Learning Outcome: List the various types of volcanic hazards; then make a separate list of
those that can occur even when a volcano is not erupting.
Section: 06.02
Topic: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

19. Volcanic ash forms when rock particles and lava droplets are ejected skyward.
TRUE

Volcanic ash forms when pulverized rock and lava droplets are ejected into the atmosphere.
Ash particles eventually fall back to the Earth, with the smaller particles falling progressively
farther from the volcano.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: Explain why some magmas explode violently when they breach the
surface and are exposed to atmospheric conditions.
Learning Outcome: List the various types of volcanic hazards; then make a separate list of
those that can occur even when a volcano is not erupting.
Section: 06.02
Topic: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

6-10
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any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards

20. Attempts at predicting volcanic eruptions have largely been unsuccessful.

FALSE

Ever since the eruption of Mt. St. Helens in 1980, scientists have been refining their ability to
predict volcanic eruptions. Today they are fairly sucessfull at predicting eruptions.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: Describe the different monitoring tools geologists use to make eruption
forecasts and how emergency managers use the forecasts to minimize the effects of eruptions.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

6-11
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part