Essentials of American Government Roots and Reform 2011 10th Edition Oconnor Test Bank

Essentials of American Government
Roots and Reform 2011 10th Edition

OConnor Test Bank
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Chapter 9: The Judiciary
Reading Comprehension Quiz
Multiple Choice Questions
1) Supreme Court justices and federal judges serve for

A) four-year terms.
B) eight-year terms.
C) life.
D) life with good behavior.
E) twelve-year terms.
Answer: D
Reference: LO 9.1, pgs. 246-251
Skill: Understanding
2) In ________, the U.S. Supreme Court held that it had the power to review the
constitutionality of acts of the national government.
A) Marbury v. Madison
B) Martin v. Hunter's Lessee
C) McCulloch v. Maryland
D) Gibbons v. Ogden
E) Hamilton v. Jefferson
Answer: A
3) State courts of original jurisdiction where cases begin are called

A) first courts.
B) appellate courts.
C) trial courts.
D) select courts.
E) district courts.
Answer: C
215
Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
4) The main role of the jury is to
A) arbitrate judicial proceedings.
B) be the ultimate finder of fact.
C) listen to the judge to see if he or she appears to lean toward one side or the other.
D) make interpretations of law.
E) directly interrogate witnesses when so ordered by the judge or attorneys.
Answer: B
5) There are ________ federal district courts.

A) forty-seven
B) fifty-six
C) eighty-seven
D) ninety-four
E) 104
Answer: D
6) The number of judges of the various U.S. Court of Appeals

A) is thirty per circuit.
B) varies at the president’s discretion.
C) varies from circuit to circuit.
D) is set after recommendations by the U.S. attorneys in each circuit.
E) is approximately sixty per circuit.
Answer: C
7) Since 1869, the Supreme Court has consisted of ________ associate justices.
A) six
B) seven
C) eight
D) nine
E) ten
Answer: C
216
8) The justices of the Supreme Court are
A) elected in a nonpartisan election.
B) confirmed by the president.
C) nominated by the Senate.
D) nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate.
E) nominated by the president and confirmed by both the House and Senate.
Answer: D
9) As of 2010, the Supreme Court has had ________ African American members.
A) one
B) two
C) five
D) nine
E) fifteen
Answer: B
10) The proceedings of the U.S. Supreme Court are

A) not open to the public.
B) open to journalists and television cameras.
C) not televised because the justices refuse to allow cameras in the Court.
D) televised on C-SPAN only.
E) regularly televised on both network and cable channels.
Answer: C
11) The Supreme Court will hear a case if ________ justices vote to do so.
A) three
B) four
C) five
D) six
E) seven
Answer: B
217
12) The strategic model of judicial behavior
A) accurately predicts Supreme Court votes.
B) accounts for a range of factors that affect judicial behavior.
C) has been replaced by the legal model of judicial behavior.
D) only explains justices’ votes in constitutional cases.
E) ignores interbranch relations.
Answer: B
13) Among the ________ examined by political scientists trying to explain Supreme Court
decision making are childhood experiences, religious values, and political party.
A) cultural experiences
B) attitudes
C) policy-making characteristics
D) strategic strategies
E) behavioral characteristics
Answer: E
14) When Andrew Jackson opined, "John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce
it," he was referring to
A) the inability of the Supreme Court to enforce or implement its decisions.
B) the constitutional requirement that only Congress can implement Court decisions.
C) the president's constitutional right to refuse to implement decisions of the Supreme Court.
D) the long-standing feud between himself and Marshall.
E) Marshall's powerful allies in both the executive and legislative branches.
Answer: A
True/False Questions
1) Congress may not reduce the salaries of federal judges to penalize them for decisions that
Congress does not like.
Answer: TRUE
2) The Judiciary Act of 1789 gives form and substance to the federal courts.
Answer: TRUE
218
3) The bulk of the judicial work in the federal system takes place in the Supreme Court.
Answer: FALSE
4) Both legislative and constitutional courts are staffed by judges with life tenure.
Answer: FALSE
5) The U.S. courts of appeals have no original jurisdiction.

Answer: TRUE
6) Justice Elena Kagan served as solicitor general before she became an associate justice.
Answer: TRUE
7) The U.S. solicitor general's petitions to the Supreme Court are accepted more frequently than
those of any other party.
Answer: TRUE
8) Interest groups often submit amicus curiae briefs to the U.S. Supreme Court.
Answer: TRUE
9) Judicial restraint was evident in Roe v. Wade.

Answer: FALSE
10) The justices’ behavioral characteristics are unlikely to influence how they evaluate the facts
and legal issues in a debate.
Answer: FALSE
219
11) The Supreme Court has had little difficulty getting the executive branch to implement the
decisions it hands down.
Answer: FALSE
Chapter Exam
Multiple Choice Questions
1) When President George W. Bush appointed __________ and ___________ to the Court, most
people expected major changes.
A) John G. Roberts Jr./John Paul Stevens
B) John G. Roberts Jr./Robert Bork
C) John G. Roberts Jr./Samuel A. Alito Jr.
D) Samuel A. Alito Jr./Ruth Bader Ginsburg
E) Samuel A. Alito Jr./Sonia Sotomayor
Answer: C
Reference: Chapter Opener, pgs. 244-246
2) The judiciary was called the "least dangerous branch" by

A) Alexander Hamilton.
B) James Madison.
C) George Washington.
D) Thomas Jefferson.
E) John Adams.
Answer: A
3) Among the powers of the judiciary specified in Article III are all of the following EXCEPT
A) all cases involving maritime law.
B) controversies between two states.
C) controversies between citizens of two states.
D) controversies between Congress and the president.
E) all cases affecting ambassadors or other public ministers.
Answer: D
4) Why did the Framers include life tenure for federal judges?
220
A) To attract candidates for the positions
B) To make it more difficult for the president and Congress to agree on good candidates
C) To make judges less likely to be moved by political pressures
D) To ensure that judges would remain ethical while in office
E) To make the judiciary more powerful than Congress or the president
Answer: C
5) Judicial review of state actions was claimed by the U.S. Supreme Court in
A) Marbury v. Madison.
B) Martin v. Hunter's Lessee.
C) McCulloch v. Maryland.
D) Gibbons v. Ogden.
E) Brown v. Board of Education.
Answer: B
6) According to Article III, the salaries of federal judges

A) must be greater than the salaries of their former clerks working in private law firms.
B) must be the same as members of the Senate.
C) cannot be reduced while they are serving on the bench.
D) must remain competitive with lawyers in private practice.
E) can only be raised once during their tenure on the bench.
Answer: C
7) The value of a clerkship on the U.S. Supreme Court is BEST demonstrated by

A) the close relationship clerks have with their justices.
B) the high salaries and bonuses paid to clerks by big law firms.
C) the indisputable influence clerks have on their justices.
D) the Court's insistence that clerks be representative of the pool of law school graduates.
E) the fact that the majority of clerks stay with the Court for decades.
Answer: B
Skill: Analysis
221
8) The federal judiciary was given form and substance by
A) Article IV.
B) the Judiciary Act of 1789.
C) the Alien and Sedition Acts.
D) the Supreme Court.
E) the president.
Answer: B
9) The Judiciary Act of 1789

A) created the Supreme Court and its jurisdiction.
B) established the state court systems.
C) established the basic structure of the federal court system.
D) granted the Supreme Court the power of judicial review.
E) established local court systems within the thirteen states.
Answer: C
10) Federal circuit courts originally were created by Congress to

A) function as trial courts.
B) hear appeals from federal district courts.
C) lessen the load of the Supreme Court.
D) create more opportunities to appoint their Federalist cronies to lifetime jobs.
E) function exclusively as appellate courts.
Answer: A
11) In 1789, there were ________ justices sitting on the Supreme Court.
A) five
B) six
C) seven
D) nine
E) eleven
Answer: B
222
12) In ________, Congress set the size of the Supreme Court at nine.
A) the Constitution
B) 1789
C) 1869
D) 1937
E) 1981
Answer: C
13) The first session of the U.S. Supreme Court took place in
A) Philadelphia Hall.
B) the current Supreme Court building.
C) the Senate.
D) Boston.
E) New York City.
Answer: E
14) The first chief justice of the Supreme Court was

A) Thomas Jefferson.
B) James Wilson.
C) John Jay.
D) John Marshall.
E) James Madison.
Answer: C
15) If the U.S. Supreme Court decided to share its view on the constitutionality of the recently
passed health care reform law, it would be
A) following the practice of seriatim decision making.
B) fulfilling a constitutional mandate.
C) following a pattern used by the Canadian Supreme Court.
D) applying stare decisis.
E) acting consistently with its appreciation of international norms.
Answer: C
Skill: Application
223
16) Chief Justice John Marshall tried to transform the Court into a coequal branch of
government through key decisions such as McCulloch v. Maryland that
A) outlawed seriatim opinions.
B) made the Court the final arbiter of constitutionality.
C) declared federal laws invalid.
D) broadly interpreted the necessary and proper clause.
E) applied the Bill of Rights to both the federal and state governments.
Answer: B
17) If the Supreme Court decided to rule that an Arizona immigration law is unconstitutional, it
would be practicing what is called
A) stare decisis.
B) a seriatim opinion.
C) judicial review.
D) a partial en banc opinion.
E) a summary decision.
Answer: C
Skill: Application
18) ________ is generally considered to have been the most influential chief justice of the
Supreme Court of the United States.
A) William H. Rehnquist
B) Earl Warren
C) Roger Taney
D) John Marshall
E) John G. Roberts Jr.
Answer: D
19) As chief justice, John Marshall initiated several reforms to strengthen the Court and the
power of the chief justice. These included all of the following EXCEPT
A) meeting with his cousin Thomas Jefferson to avert conflict between the two branches of
government.
B) ending the use of seriatim opinions.
C) instituting the writing of a single opinion of the Court.
D) claiming the authority of judicial review.
E) authoring more than 500 opinions.
Answer: A
Skill: Analysis
224
20) Although judicial review was not mentioned in the Constitution, ________ publicly
endorsed the idea in Federalist No. ________.
A) John Jay/10
B) John Jay/50
C) James Madison/50
D) Alexander Hamilton/78
E) John Marshall/51
Answer: D
21) In Marbury v. Madison, the opinion of the Court stressed that

A) the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional.
B) John Marshall was not to be outdone by his cousin, Thomas Jefferson.
C) it is the authority of the Court to say what the law is.
D) Marbury could not become a justice of peace in the state of New York.
E) Marbury could receive his commission.
Answer: C
22) Before any state or federal court can hear a case, it must have ________, the authority to
hear the case as defined by law or constitution.
A) jurisdiction
B) legal approval
C) controversy
D) legitimacy
E) standing
Answer: A
23) The jurisdiction of the federal courts is controlled by

A) the vice president.
B) the president in consultation with the Department of Justice.
C) the Constitution and statutes passed by Congress under its Article III authority.
D) the Constitution alone.
E) the House of Representatives exclusively.
Answer: C
225
24) Civil suits by citizens from two different states must show that their dispute is worth at least
________ or more before they can file their claim in federal court.
A) $25,000
B) $50,000
C) $75,000
D) $100,000
E) $125,000
Answer: C
Reference: LO 9.2, pgs. 252-253; LO 9.3, pgs. 254-255
25) Appellate courts usually

A) hear only criminal cases.
B) hear only civil cases.
C) determine the facts of a case.
D) review the legal procedures of a case.
E) hear bankruptcy cases.
Answer: D
26) Under U.S. criminal law, the victim is considered to be

A) the perpetrator.
B) society in general.
C) those who were hurt directly by the conduct of someone else.
D) the state or federal attorney prosecuting the case.
E) the individual who is entitled to final compensation for his or her injuries.
Answer: B
27) Suppose you are injured on the job and decide to sue your employer for negligence. In that
case, you will be referred to as the ____ in court.
A) defendant
B) plaintiff
C) appellant
D) attorney general
E) accused
Answer: B
Skill: Application
226
28) Legislative courts are
A) Article III courts.
B) courts created by Congress for special purposes.
C) courts of appellate jurisdiction.
D) Article II courts.
E) Article IV courts.
Answer: B
29) ________ each have four district courts.

A) California and Texas
B) New York, California, and Texas
C) Texas, New York, and Florida
D) California, Texas, New York, and Florida
E) California, Texas, New York, and Pennsylvania
Answer: B
30) Cases heard in federal district courts generally fall into one of three categories, including
I. those involving the federal government as a party.
II. those involving decisions remanded by the Supreme Court.
III. those that have a federal question.
IV. those that involve disputes between citizens from two different states.
A) III only
B) I and II
C) I, II, and IV
D) I, III, and IV
E) I, II, III, and IV
Answer: D
Skill: Analysis
31) Each judicial district has a U.S. attorney whose main job it is to
A) be the chief enforcer of civil law.
B) be the chief federal law enforcement officer.
C) be the chief investigator.
D) be the major representative of the president.
E) represent the federal government before the U.S. Supreme Court.
Answer: B
227
32) The major purpose of the federal circuit courts of appeals is to
A) allow for the use of senatorial courtesy.
B) review the decisions of district court judges concerning the facts of a case.
C) correct errors of law and procedure.
D) hear new testimony if necessary.
E) specifically recommend cases to the U.S. Supreme Court.
Answer: C
33) A document containing the collected legal arguments in a case that is filed with a court prior
to trial is called
A) a petition for a writ of certiorari.
B) a petition of habeas corpus.
C) a writ of mandamus.
D) an amicus curiae brief.
E) a brief.
Answer: E
34) The U.S. Supreme Court decided that a certain film was not obscene because it failed to
meet the criteria for obscenity established by Miller v. California. This is an example of
A) precedent.
B) being overruled.
C) a constitutional mandate.
D) appellate jurisdiction.
E) a seriatim decision.
Answer: A
Skill: Application
35) Senatorial courtesy

A) refers to the norm in the Senate to be cordial to other senators.
B) describes the historical deference of the president to senators of the same political party to
approve the nomination of federal district court judges within their states.
C) refers to the right of senators to bar the nominations of any federal judge from their home
state.
D) refers to the Senate’s refusal to confirm Supreme Court nominees who do not meet the
approval of their home state Senators.
E) describes a process used during the filibuster.
Answer: B
228
36) The number of women and minorities on the federal bench went up most dramatically
during the ________ administration.
A) Ronald Reagan
B) George H.W. Bush
C) Jimmy Carter
D) George W. Bush
E) Bill Clinton
Answer: E
Skill: Analysis
37) ________ make up a majority of the members of the U.S. Supreme Court in 2010.
A) Protestants
B) Fundamentalist Christians
C) Roman Catholics
D) Jews
E) Episcopalians
Answer: C
38) In general, the justices serving on the Roberts Court in 2010 share all of the following
characteristics EXCEPT
A) they all graduated from Ivy League or other prestigious law schools.
B) they are all Protestant or Catholic.
C) they all served on the U.S. Court of Appeals.
D) they have been appointed to the Court between 1975 and 2010.
E) they share all of the above characteristics.
Answer: B
39) As of 2010, the Supreme Court has had ________ female members in its history.
A) two
B) three
C) four
D) seven
E) eight
Answer: C
229
40) The two closest votes in the Senate for successful U.S. Supreme Court nominees were those
of
A) Samuel A. Alito Jr. and Clarence Thomas
B) Clarence Thomas and Ruth Bader Ginsburg
C) John G. Roberts Jr. and Stephen Breyer
D) Sandra Day O’Connor and Samuel A. Alito Jr.
E) Sonia Sotomayor and Antonin Scalia
Answer: A
41) About ________ percent of the U.S. Supreme Court's docket comes from the state supreme
courts.
A) 10
B) 25
C) 33
D) 50
E) 73
Answer: C
42) Since the 1960s, questions involving ________ have made up about one-half of the U.S.
Supreme Court's docket.
A) criminal law
B) the Bill of Rights
C) presidential powers
D) congressional authority
E) civil law
Answer: B
43) During the 2009-2010 term, over ________ cases were filed with the Supreme Court.
A) 8,000
B) 6,600
C) 5,700
D) 4,200
E) 2,000
Answer: A
230
44) During its 2009-2010 term, the Supreme Court decided about ________ cases.
A) 50
B) 70
C) 80
D) 100
E) 150
Answer: C
45) Since 1988, nearly all appellate cases that have arrived at the Court have been through
A) writs of certiorari.
B) stare decisis.
C) in forma pauperis petitions.
D) original jurisdiction.
E) the state supreme courts.
Answer: A
46) The U.S. Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in all cases EXCEPT
A) cases affecting ambassadors.
B) cases involving public ministers.
C) citizens seeking writs of mandamus.
D) cases where two states are the parties.
E) cases involving public consuls.
Answer: C
47) All of the following are the result of the increased number of clerks that each justice now
has EXCEPT
A) longer opinions.
B) more footnotes.
C) shorter terms.
D) more cases decided annually.
E) fewer opinions.
Answer: C
231
48) ________ has been referred to as the Court's "ninth and a half" member.
A) The U.S. solicitor general
B) The U.S. attorney general
C) The U.S. surgeon general
D) The U.S. Department of Justice
E) The chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee
Answer: A
49) The member of the Justice Department who handles all Supreme Court appeals for the U.S.
government is the
A) attorney general.
B) solicitor general.
C) special master.
D) secretary of justice.
E) deputy attorney general.
Answer: B
50) Interest groups most often participate in Supreme Court cases through the use of
A) amicus curiae briefs.
B) monetary donations.
C) direct mail campaigns.
D) marches, protests, and petitions.
E) case sponsorship.
Answer: A
51) Research by political scientists finds that

A) interest groups play no significant role in the judicial process.
B) federal courts never listen to arguments made by interest groups.
C) the more interest groups that file petitions in support of certiorari, the more likely the Court is
to accept the case for review.
D) only conservative interest groups can influence the Court.
E) only liberal interest groups can influence the Court.
Answer: C
232
52) During conference, Supreme Court justices speak in order by
A) age.
B) interest.
C) ideology.
D) choice.
E) seniority.
Answer: E
53) A Supreme Court justice who agrees with the outcome reached by the majority but not with
the legal reasoning behind the decision may issue a
A) minority opinion.
B) per curiam opinion.
C) seriatim opinion.
D) concurring opinion.
E) dissenting opinion.
Answer: D
54) The idea that judges should use their power broadly to further justice is called
A) stare decisis.
B) original intent.
C) judicial restraint.
D) judicial activism.
E) judicial moderation.
Answer: D
55) The attitudinal model of Supreme Court decision making posits that
A) attitudes give us little insight into how justices make decisions.
B) as justices grow older, they become more conservative.
C) a conservative justice appointed by a conservative president would be more likely to vote in a
conservative way.
D) the facts of the case influence judicial outcomes.
E) the positions of Congress and the president on political issues affect judicial outcomes.
Answer: C
233
True/False Questions
1) Most Supreme Court observers thought that the addition of John G. Roberts Jr. and Samuel A.
Alito Jr. to the Court would pull it in a conservative direction.
Answer: TRUE
2) The judicial branch was so inconsequential that the architects of Washington D.C.
consciously decided not to provide office space for the Supreme Court.
Answer: FALSE
3) The U.S. Supreme Court is referred to by the name of the oldest judge serving on the Court.
Answer: FALSE
4) The Framers paid very little attention to the writing of Article III compared to other Articles.
Answer: TRUE
5) Judicial review is mentioned in Article IV of the Constitution.

Answer: FALSE
6) Article III sets out the structure of the federal court system.
Answer: FALSE
7) A state passes a controversial law, and a group sues, saying the law is in violation of its
rights. The case goes all the way to the Supreme Court for review. Judging the constitutionality
of this law is a power the Court claimed in Marbury v. Madison.
Answer: TRUE
Skill: Application
234
8) In Canada, the government may ask its Supreme Court to dispense an opinion about the
legality of potential laws.
Answer: TRUE
9) U.S. Supreme Court decisions can be appealed to state supreme courts.

Answer: FALSE
10) Courts of original jurisdiction primarily determine matters of law.

Answer: FALSE
Skill: Analysis
11) The Constitution sets the number of justices on the Supreme Court at nine.
Answer: FALSE
12) The U.S. courts of appeals used to be known as circuit courts of appeals.
Answer: TRUE
13) Suppose President Barack Obama needs to appoint a judge to the U.S. District Court for the
Eastern District of North Carolina. To fill this position, he seeks advice from Senator Kay
Hagan (D-NC). This practice is called senatorial courtesy.
Answer: TRUE
Skill: Application
14) President Jimmy Carter appointed three Supreme Court justices.

Answer: FALSE
15) President George W. Bush appointed a higher proportion of Hispanic judges to the federal
courts than any other president.
Answer: TRUE
Skill: Analysis
235
16) In 2010, three of the nine U.S. Supreme Court justices were Protestant.
Answer: FALSE
17) Less than one-third of the American public can name a single justice of the Supreme Court.
Answer: TRUE
18) About one-half of the cases decided by the Supreme Court involve economic issues.
Answer: FALSE
19) The Supreme Court has generally decided an increasing number of cases in every term since
1950.
Answer: FALSE
20) The Supreme Court grants a writ of certiorari only if a majority of judges vote in favor.
Answer: FALSE
21) A former clerk for Justice Harry Blackmun has complained that the clerks of the Court are
too ideological and have too much power.
Answer: TRUE
22) Supreme Court clerks often write first drafts of opinions.

Answer: TRUE
23) The U.S. solicitor general is the second-ranking member of the Department of Justice.
Answer: FALSE
236
24) Researchers find that the more amicus curiae briefs filed in support of a cause, the more
likely that party will win.
Answer: TRUE
25) The U.S. solicitor general appears to orally argue every case decided by the Supreme Court.
Answer: FALSE
26) Most Court watchers agree that oral argument is a useful way to predict the outcome of a
decision.
Answer: FALSE
27) The Roberts Court is much more informal than the Rehnquist Court was.
Answer: TRUE
28) The Supreme Court consistently monitors public opinion.

Answer: TRUE
29) The Warren Court was a key policy maker in the area of civil rights.
Answer: TRUE
30) The Warren Court had little difficulty implementing the decision it handed down in Brown
v. Board of Education.
Answer: FALSE
31) The consumer population of a court decision refers to the interest groups who buy
advertising time to increase visibility of cases.
Answer: FALSE
237
Short Answer Questions
1) Why did Alexander Hamilton claim that the Supreme Court was "the least dangerous branch?
Explain why or why not this characterization is correct today.
Skill: Analysis
2) What kinds of cases can the Supreme Court hear under its original and appellate jurisdiction?
3) What is an advisory opinion, and how is it used by the Canadian Supreme Court?
4) Compare and contrast original and appellate jurisdiction.

Skill: Analysis
5) What is the role of the jury in criminal law? How would the composition of a jury from the
1950s differ from the composition of a jury today?
Skill: Application
6) What requirements must a case meet to be heard by a federal district court?

Skill: Analysis
7) What is meant by judges sitting en banc? In what court do judges most frequently sit en
banc?
Skill: Understanding, Application
8) What is senatorial courtesy? Should presidents continue to adopt this practice? Why or why
not?
Skill: Understanding, Evaluation
9) Compare and contrast the demographic characteristics of the federal judicial appointees of
Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama.
Skill: Analysis
238
10) What is the rule of four?
11) How has the number of cases both filed in and decided by the Supreme Court changed over
time?
Skill: Analysis
12) What are two conditions a case must meet before it is granted a writ of certiorari?
13) What are some of the duties of U.S. Supreme Court clerks?
14) Compare and contrast judicial activism and restraint.

15) What is the attitudinal model of judicial decision making? Give a modern-day example.
Skill: Understanding, Application
16) How did the Warren Court expand the Supreme Court’s role in policy making?
17) What are some of the obstacles that the Supreme Court faces in implementing its decisions?
Give an example.
Skill: Analysis, Application
Essay Questions
1) How did John Marshall and Marbury v. Madison (1803) alter the role and authority of the
Supreme Court?
Skill: Analysis
2) How do cases move through the federal judicial system?

Skill: Analysis
239
3) Should stare decisis affect Supreme Court decision making? What are the advantages and
disadvantages of this process?
Skill: Analysis
4) What are the demographic characteristics of federal court judges? Do race, gender, or
ethnicity have any role in judicial decision-making? Provide examples to support your position.
5) Should judges be elected? Be sure to explain the advantages and disadvantages of your
opinion.
Skill: Evaluation
6) What are the criteria used by presidents to appoint justices to the Supreme Court?
Skill: Analysis
7) How does a case get to the U.S. Supreme Court? What kinds of cases are most likely to be
accepted by the Supreme Court for review?
Skill: Analysis
8) How does the chief justice affect judicial decision making? Use examples to illustrate your
argument.
9) What models do scholars use to explain how the Court makes its decisions? Give an example
of each.
10) What are implementing and consumer populations? How do they affect judicial policy
making?
Skill: Analysis
11) As the world becomes more globalized, is it rational, reasonable, or wrong for Supreme
Court justices to look to international law for guidance about international norms of justice?
Skill: Evaluation
240

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Essentials of American Government

Roots and Reform 2011 10th Edition

Reading Comprehension Quiz

Multiple Choice Questions

1) Supreme Court justices and federal judges serve for

3) State courts of original jurisdiction where cases begin are called

5) There are ________ federal district courts.

6) The number of judges of the various U.S. Court of Appeals

10) The proceedings of the U.S. Supreme Court are

5) The U.S. courts of appeals have no original jurisdiction.

9) Judicial restraint was evident in Roe v. Wade.

Multiple Choice Questions

2) The judiciary was called the "least dangerous branch" by

6) According to Article III, the salaries of federal judges

7) The value of a clerkship on the U.S. Supreme Court is BEST demonstrated by

9) The Judiciary Act of 1789

10) Federal circuit courts originally were created by Congress to

14) The first chief justice of the Supreme Court was

21) In Marbury v. Madison, the opinion of the Court stressed that

23) The jurisdiction of the federal courts is controlled by

25) Appellate courts usually

26) Under U.S. criminal law, the victim is considered to be

29) ________ each have four district courts.

35) Senatorial courtesy

51) Research by political scientists finds that

5) Judicial review is mentioned in Article IV of the Constitution.

9) U.S. Supreme Court decisions can be appealed to state supreme courts.

10) Courts of original jurisdiction primarily determine matters of law.

14) President Jimmy Carter appointed three Supreme Court justices.

22) Supreme Court clerks often write first drafts of opinions.

28) The Supreme Court consistently monitors public opinion.

4) Compare and contrast original and appellate jurisdiction.

6) What requirements must a case meet to be heard by a federal district court?

14) Compare and contrast judicial activism and restraint.

2) How do cases move through the federal judicial system?

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