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ENGLISH MECHANICS HANDOUT 2

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HANDOUT 2

Nombre del Alumno:

Rut: Sección:
Nombre del Profesor: Humberto Pinto Ramos Fecha 2023

UNIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE

 4.-Textos de comprensió n lectora, la cohesió n por aná foras y vocabulario especializado

APRENDIZAJES ESPERADOS

 4.1.- Demuestra comprensió n de los elementos cohesionados por las aná foras, a fin de
interpretar los significados de textos especializados.
CRITERIOS DE EVALUACIÓN

 4.1.2.- Comprende referencias anafó ricas, a fin de establecer las relaciones de

significado en la lectura de textos especializados.

I.-According to the next text, do the next:

 Identifica todas las anáforas presentes en el texto.

 Subrayar y categorizar todas las anáforas identificadas, indicando a que se

refieren cada una de ellas.

What Parts are Replaced and Why?

After a new vehicle is conceived there are a host of automotive engineers that work on the
aesthetics, chassis, and engine components prior to putting the vehicle on the production line, and
then rolling them into car showrooms. They put individual components through rigorous tests. They
also test that all the parts and fluids work well together, ensuring they create a reliable, efficient,
and safe machine.

But as well as all these things are tested, they operate under stress, and have a finite life. Hence your
car needs to be regularly serviced.

When it comes to car servicing, items are serviced because they:

1. Conform to the list of recommended scheduled service tasks at recommended intervals by

the manufacturer to prevent possible component failure. Serviceable items are fluids, parts
and tasks to ensure that your vehicle runs at its best and meets any warranty requirements,
based on test results for efficiency of the product.

2. Are replaced due to wear and tear — cars, parts, driving conditions, and servicing history
vary. Your car is operating in the real world, rather than the conditions the manufacturers
test in. In such cases components might fail quicker than manufacturer recommendations.
3. Need replacement due to wear and tear — cars, parts, driving conditions, and servicing
history vary. Your car is operating in the real world, rather than the conditions the

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manufacturers test in. In such cases components might fail quicker than manufacturer
recommendations.
So what are you being charged for as part of a car service, and why does it need to be done?

1. Air filter

The air filter does just that — it filters the air that combines with fuel to create a combustible
mixture, and the filter removes any foreign bodies from entering your engine.

All these foreign bodies end up in your air filter, so it will eventually get dirty, and clog up.

If you continue to drive with a dirty/clogged up air filter you run the risk of reducing the air flow
into your engine, which could change the air fuel mixture within the engine combustion chamber.
This could create engine wear and contamination and effect overall vehicle performance as the air
fuel mixture will not be optimal for your engine.

A majority of vehicles generally use a flat panel filter construction consisting of folded paper or
foam, situated within the air intake box at the front of your engine bay. However there are many
different types of filters on the market to suit specific vehicles and requirements.

2. Coolant

As you can imagine an internal combustion engine will get hot, due to the power created by the
engine. But there is a limit on how hot an engine can run, and cooling is necessary to have the
engine run optimally and safely.

The engine temperature is regulated by a system using air to cool water/coolant. Without this
system, your engine will overheat, lose performance, create excessive wear, or, at worst, the engine
will seize, and you’re up for a new engine.

Modern cars have moved away from using water alone to cool the engine, and instead use a mix of
water and coolant additive, as it provides higher engine temperature tolerance, and anti-corrosion
properties. The coolant is fed into your radiator, which is commonly situated at the front of your
engine bay, in a position where air can flow through it. From there, once your engine has reached a
certain temperature the coolant will flow through a thermostat, and then through chambers within
the radiator, making its way back to the engine. The type and mixture of coolant used will vary
depending on your vehicle and engine cooling needs. The life of the coolant will also vary
depending on the application. All of this is covered in your vehicle’s handbook.

3. Cabin filter

The cabin/pollen filter performs the function of filtering the air that enters the cabin of your vehicle.
It is usually situated under the dash, behind glove box or possibly in the engine bay. Its job is to
remove contaminants from entering the cabin, such as mould, environmental pollutants, dust
particles, airborne material, and pollen, which can make the journey more pleasant especially if you
suffer from respiratory problems or allergies. Over time the cabin filter will get dirty and clogged,
and requires replacement at certain intervals.

4. Brake fluid flush

Your brakes work by a hydraulic system of pipes and cylinders filled with brake fluid. When you
push the brake pedal down hydraulic pressure goes to the calipers in turn applying pressure to the
rotor stopping the car. If the brake fluid contains sediment, appears cloudy or discoloured, then it is
time to flush your brake fluid. If your brake fluid levels drop it could indicate an issue with your
brakes, such as leakage, brake pad wear.

Brake fluid needs to be changed at certain intervals due to moisture contamination, that will result
in spongy brakes, corrosion, This is preventative maintenance – it is crucial in making sure your
brakes work at all times.

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5. Engine oil and filter

Different makes and models of vehicles will have various service schedule intervals. When it comes
to changing the oil and oil filter this will occur usually every service, however in some cases maybe
every second service. It will generally be done between every 10,000 to 20,000 km, however if you
have an older engine you may want to check your oil level and condition more frequently.

The engine oil and the type of oil used is vital. Your engine has many moving parts and these parts
create friction and heat when they move. The oil used will absorb heat and lubricate the engine,
without it your engine would wear prematurely, and possibly seize. If your oil gets dirty the oil
filter will eventually clog up, and not perform properly, allowing dirty oil to circulate through the
engine, and not lubricating and cool the engine efficiently.