Exploring Physical Geography 2nd Edition Reynolds Test Bank

Exploring Physical Geography 2nd
Edition Reynolds Test Bank

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Exploring Physical Geography, 2e (Reynolds)
Chapter 8 Water Resources
1) Which of the following is occurring in the Snake River Plain of southern Idaho?
A) Water from rivers soaks into the ground, causing the rivers to disappear (be lost).
B) A large amount of water flows underground.
C) Huge springs result where groundwater flows onto the surface.
D) All of these are occurring.
Answer: D
Section: 08.00 Water Resources
Topic: Formation and Distribution of Water on Earth
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
1
Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
2) Which of these numbered features contains most of Earth's water?
A) 1 Oceans
B) 2 Atmosphere
C) 3 Glaciers and ice sheets
D) 4 Groundwater
E) 5 Lakes
Answer: A
Section: 08.01 Where Does Water Occur on the Planet?
Gradable: automatic
2
3) Which of these numbered features contains most of Earth's freshwater?
A) 1 Ocean
B) 2 Atmosphere
C) 3 Glaciers and ice sheets
D) 4 Groundwater
E) 5 Lakes
Answer: C
Topic: Formation and Distribution of Water on Earth; Water Resources - General
Gradable: automatic
3
4) Which of these numbered features contains the least amount of Earth's water?
A) 1 Ocean
B) 2 Atmosphere
C) 3 Glaciers and ice sheet
D) 4 Groundwater
E) 5 Lakes
Answer: B
Gradable: automatic
4
5) Most of Earth's fresh water is in
A) ice caps, glaciers, and groundwater.
B) groundwater and rivers.
C) lakes and swamps.
D) rivers and streams.
E) oceans.
Answer: A
Gradable: automatic
6) Which one of the following statements is true regarding the Earth's supply of fresh water?
A) The largest volume exists in lakes and reservoirs.
B) There is more in the form of water vapor in the atmosphere than there is as liquid
groundwater.
C) There is more freshwater in glaciers and ice sheets than exists as groundwater.
D) There is more water in rivers than exists as soil moisture and groundwater.
Answer: C
Gradable: automatic
7) Which of the following events is most like the formation of a cloud?

A) Water running off a roof
B) Water forming on a cold object on a hot, humid summer day
C) Water entering the air from the leaves of growing plants
D) Water moving downward into the soil after a summer rain storm
Answer: B
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
5
8) In which areas on the accompanying figure is condensation occurring?
A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 3 and 4
D) 1 and 3
E) 2 and 4
Answer: B
Gradable: automatic
6
9) The hydrologic cycle refers to
A) seawater that is drawn into mid-ocean ridges, heated, and rises to the surface.
B) water that is heated by magma and rises in hot springs.
C) the rising and falling of tides in a cyclical manner.
D) the way water is used to generate electrical energy.
E) None of these are correct.
Answer: E
Gradable: automatic
10) Which of the following is a correctly described statement about part of the hydrologic cycle?
A) Raindrops form through the process of evaporation.
B) Precipitation refers to minerals coating sand grains with natural cement.
C) Most groundwater forms when water on the surface infiltrates into the ground.
D) Movement of water is restricted to rainfall and rivers.
Answer: C
Gradable: automatic
11) Which of the following energy sources drives the hydrologic cycle?
A) Internal heat energy
B) River flow
C) Wind energy
D) Solar energy
E) Gravity
Answer: D
Gradable: automatic
7
12) Which of the following factors least directly influences infiltration capacity?
A) Slope of the land
B) Nature of the vegetative cover
C) Rainfall intensity
D) Prior wetted condition of the soil
E) Ambient temperature
Answer: E
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
13) Of the following, which has the greatest total volume of water?
A) The atmosphere
B) Groundwater
C) Ice caps and glaciers
D) Rivers and lakes
Answer: C
Gradable: automatic
14) The magnitude of water in a store can have units of

A) meters per second.
B) cubic meters per second.
C) cubic meters.
D) light-years.
Answer: C
Section: 08.02 What Is the Global Water Budget?
Topic: Global Water Stores
Gradable: automatic
8
15) The residence time refers to the average length of time that a drop of water remains
A) intact before the hydrogen and oxygen atoms split.
B) in its store.
C) in motion without being stuck in a store.
D) unpolluted by human activities.
Answer: B
Gradable: automatic
16) Approximately what percentage of precipitation that falls on the continents runs off the
surface via rivers/streams?
A) One-tenth
B) One-third
C) Two-thirds
D) Nine-tenths
Answer: B
Gradable: automatic
17) In general, the average residence time will increase if

A) the size of the store and the flux both decrease.
B) the size of the store decreases and the flux increases.
C) the size of the store increases and the flux decreases.
D) the size of the store and the flux both increase.
Answer: C
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
9
18) The short residence time of water in the atmosphere allows a water molecule to have a
stronger ability to do which of the following, compared to a situation if the residence time in the
atmosphere were larger?
A) acquire potential energy and convert it to kinetic energy
B) participate in the hydrologic cycle
C) erode the surface
D) store and release latent heat
E) All of these are correct.
Answer: E
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
19) Precipitation is measured by all of the following except

A) snow pillows.
B) rain gauges.
C) radar.
D) ASOS.
E) barometers.
Answer: E
Section: 08.03 How Do We Evaluate Water Balance?
Topic: Climatic Water Balance
Gradable: automatic
20) Which of the following variables would be used to estimate potential evapotranspiration?
A) Temperature and precipitation
B) Precipitation and evaporation
C) Temperature and latitude
D) Wind speed and latitude
E) Precipitation and humidity
Answer: C
Gradable: automatic
10
21) Of the following choices, the best indicator of drought is
A) soil-water use.
B) soil-water recharge.
C) height of the saturated zone.
D) deficit.
Answer: D
Gradable: automatic
22) During times when precipitation exceeds potential evapotranspiration,
A) there cannot be a deficit.

B) extra water goes into soil-water recharge if the soil is below field capacity.
C) water may go into deep percolation as groundwater.
D) All of these are correct.
Answer: D
Section: 08.04 How Do Water Balances Vary Spatially?
Topic: Water-Balance Diagram
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
11
23) The water balance diagram below suggests that
A) summers are very dry.

B) winters are snowy.
C) long periods of drought are common.
Answer: B
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
12
24) This water balance diagram below suggests that
A) the location is in the Southern Hemisphere.

B) winters are snowy.
C) long periods of drought are common.
Answer: C
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
13
25) This water balance diagram for the tropical location below suggests that
A) drought is not a real concern.

B) the soil reaches field capacity in December or January.
C) the soil seldom reaches the wilting point.
Answer: D
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
26) Which of the following units cannot be used to measure the volume of water?
A) Gallon
B) Cubic meter
C) Acre
D) Liter
Answer: C
Section: 08.05 How Do We Use Freshwater Resources?
Topic: Freshwater Resources
Gradable: automatic
14
27) Which source of drinking water is most likely to be pure and safe to drink?
A) spring water
B) bottled spring water
C) river water
D) municipal water
Answer: D
Gradable: automatic
28) Which of the following is most similar in volume to an acre-foot of water?

A) 1,000 Gallons
B) An acre covered to a depth of 3 feet (1 meter)
C) Most of a football field covered to a depth of 1 foot
D) A square mile of land covered to a depth of 3 feet (1 meter)
E) 20 Million gallons
Answer: C
Gradable: automatic
29) Which two uses consume most freshwater in the United States?
A) Drinking water and showering
B) Mining and raising livestock
C) Irrigation and drinking water
D) Mining and industrial use
E) Irrigation and thermoelectric power
Answer: E
Gradable: automatic
15
30) Each number on this figure refers to a location depicting groundwater in a subsurface
material that is consistent in character across the entire figure. Of these locations, which would
likely have the fastest groundwater flow?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
Answer: A
Section: 08.06 How and Where Does Groundwater Flow?
Topic: Groundwater Resources
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
16
material that is consistent in character across the entire figure. Of these locations, which one has
the water table most clearly above the surface?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
Answer: B
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
17
material that is consistent in character across the entire figure. Of these locations, which would
likely have the slowest groundwater flow?
A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 3 and 4
D) 4 and 5
E) 1 and 5
Answer: B
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
18
material that is consistent in character across the entire figure. Of these locations, which one
would have groundwater flowing to the left?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
Answer: D
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
19
material that is consistent in character across the entire figure. Of these locations, which two sites
are on the opposite side of a groundwater divide?
A) Between 1 and 2
B) Between 2 and 3
C) Between 3 and 4
D) Between 4 and 5
Answer: D
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
35) Which of the following is true about the water table?

A) The shape of the water table does not mimic topography.
B) Deeper water below the water table must flow in the same direction as near-surface water.
C) The water table can slope in opposite directions beneath a hill.
Answer: C
Gradable: automatic
20
36) Which of the following is true about the water table?
A) The shape of the water table does not mimic topography.
B) Deeper water below the water table must flow in the same direction as near-surface water.
C) The water table can slope in opposite directions beneath a hill.
Answer: C
Topic: Groundwater Flow
Gradable: automatic
37) Which of the following would not be a preferred characteristic of a good aquifer?
A) High permeability
B) High porosity
C) Unsaturated pores
Answer: C
Gradable: automatic
38) Which of the following is most likely to be associated with a confined aquifer?
A) Perched water table
B) Lake
C) Artesian well
D) Unsaturated zone
Answer: C
Gradable: automatic
21
39) Which of the following aquifers require a low permeability zone above it or below it?
A) Artesian aquifer
B) Perched aquifer
C) Confined aquifer
Answer: D
Gradable: automatic
40) Which of the following controls the rate of groundwater flow?

A) The slope of the water table
B) The permeability of the rocks
C) How fractured the rocks are
Answer: D
Gradable: automatic
41) The permeability of a material refers to

A) the volume of air space in a material.
B) a meandering stream's movement across the underlying bedrock.
C) the ease with which a stream erodes material.
D) the ability of water to flow through a material.
Answer: D
Gradable: automatic
22
42) Which of the following combinations make for the best groundwater reservoir?
A) Low permeability and low porosity
B) Low permeability and high porosity
C) High permeability and low porosity
D) High permeability and high porosity
Answer: D
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
43) This cross section shows the location of a septic tank with harmful bacteria and 5 wells.
Which well is least likely to become contaminated?
A) Well A
B) Well B
C) Well C
D) Well D
E) Well E
Answer: E
Section: 08.07 What Is the Relationship Between Surface Water and Groundwater?
Topic: Groundwater Contamination
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
23
44) This cross section shows the location of 5 wells and the water table. Which well is most
likely to be an artesian well?
A) Well A
B) Well B
C) Well C
D) Well D
E) Well E
Answer: E
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
24
45) Of these four lakes, which ones are above the water table?
A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 3 and 4
D) 1 and 4
Answer: D
Topic: Surface Water and Groundwork Interaction
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
25
46) Which of these four lakes could be replenished by groundwater?
A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 3 and 4
D) 1 and 4
Answer: B
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
26
47) Which of these four lakes could only exist if they if they received water from precipitation or
runoff from the land?
A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 3 and 4
D) 1 and 4
E) 2 and 4
Answer: D
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
27
48) How would this stream interact with groundwater?
A) Groundwater would flow into the stream, adding water.

B) The stream would lose water as water in the stream flows sideways and up.
C) The groundwater and stream water would not interact.
D) The stream will only contain water if it is raining at that time.
Answer: A
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
28
49) How would this stream interact with groundwater?
A) Groundwater would flow sideways into the stream, adding water.

B) Groundwater would flow upward, adding water to the stream.
C) The stream would lose water to the groundwater.
D) The groundwater and stream water would not interact.
Answer: C
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
50) Which of the following is a common setting for a spring?

A) A limestone aquifer that intersects the surface
B) A permeable upper layer with a water table deep below the surface
C) A nonpermeable upper layer with a water table deep below the surface
D) An unconfined aquifer with a water table deep below the surface
Answer: A
Gradable: automatic
29
51) Which of the following is a common setting for a spring?
A) The water table intersects the surface
B) A permeable rock overlies a less permeable one
C) Sedimentary rocks overlie crystalline rocks along an unconformity
Answer: D
Gradable: automatic
52) Where on this cross section would water at the surface become groundwater?
A) 1, 2, and 3
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 4
D) 2 only
E) 4 only
Answer: A
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
30
53) Where on this cross section would groundwater most likely flow out to the surface?
A) 1, 2, and 3
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 4
D) 2 only
E) 4 only
Answer: E
Gradable: automatic
54) Which of the following is true about how a lake can relate to the water table?
A) A lake that is above the water table may lose water to groundwater.
B) The water table intersects, or is higher than, the surface in many lakes.
C) A lake can gain water if it is lower than the water table in areas adjacent to the lake.
Answer: D
Gradable: automatic
31
55) Which of the following is/are a setting(s) where surface water becomes groundwater?
A) A spring
B) A river that is higher than the water table
C) Where an impermeable unit lies at the surface
Answer: B
Gradable: automatic
56) In which of these settings would a river or lake lose water to groundwater?
A) Where the water table adjacent to the river is higher than the river
B) Where a lake is directly underlain by an impermeable layer
C) Where a river flows across an area where the water table is far beneath the surface
D) None of these are correct.
Answer: C
Gradable: automatic
32
57) Which of the sites on this cross section would be the most likely place for a spring?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: C
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
33
58) How did this cone of depression in the groundwater form?
A) An artesian spring flowed upward on all sides.

B) The earth's rotation causes groundwater to twirl in a counterclockwise direction.
C) Groundwater is pumped from the well faster than it can flow to replenish what is lost.
D) Clay horizons cause perched water to flow away from a central point.
Answer: C
Section: 08.08 What Problems Are Associated with Groundwater Pumping?
Topic: Problems of the Finite Groundwater
Gradable: automatic
34
59) Which way is groundwater flowing in this cone of depression?
A) From left to right across the entire area

B) From right to left across the entire area
C) Upward and away from the well in all directions
D) Downward and toward the well from all directions
Answer: D
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
60) Which of the following cannot be caused by overpumping of ground water?

A) A cone of depression
B) Subsidence and compaction of the aquifer
C) A change in the direction of groundwater flow
D) Bringing contamination into previously uncontained wells
E) All of these are possible consequences of overpumping.
Answer: E
Gradable: automatic
35
61) Which of the following can be caused by overpumping of groundwater?
A) Land subsidence
B) A change in the flow direction
C) The destruction of an aquifer
D) All of these can be caused by overpumping.
Answer: D
Gradable: automatic
62) This figure shows a new well that will pump out groundwater faster than it can be replaced.
What will the water table look like after pumping?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: D
Gradable: automatic
36
63) The area shown on this cross section will experience subsidence from groundwater
withdrawal. Which of the following statements is likely to be true about the subsidence?
A) The amount of subsidence will be constant across the area.

B) The aquifer will regain its porosity once the water is replaced.
C) The subsidence can be reversed (undone) by pumping in saltwater.
Answer: D
Gradable: automatic
64) What happens to the water table if groundwater is pumped out faster than it can be replaced?
A) A mound of groundwater forms over the well.
B) The pipe in the well subsides down into the ground and can disappear.
C) A cone of depression forms on the water table.
Answer: C
Gradable: automatic
37
65) What is a possible consequence of overpumping of groundwater?
A) Inflation of the aquifer due to an increase in porosity
B) Flooding due to rising groundwater levels
C) Along the coast, pulling saltwater into wells that were previously fresh
Answer: C
Gradable: automatic
66) What could happen if this well is overpumped?
A) It will run out of water and become a dry well.

B) It will yield more water over time.
C) The water table will drop, causing sand to flow into the well.
D) The bottom of the lens of fresh water will rise, causing the well to draw in salt water.
Answer: D
Gradable: automatic
38
67) This map shows contours of the water table, the location of four factories (labeled A, B, C,
and D), and contaminated and uncontaminated wells. Which way will the contamination flow?
A) Northeast, up the contours

B) Southwest, down the contours
C) Northwest and southeast, parallel to the contours
D) Impossible to tell because the movement of contamination is independent of groundwater
Answer: B
Section: 08.09 How Can Water Become Contaminated?
Topic: Sources of Water Contamination
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
39
68) This map shows contours of the water table, the location of four factories (labeled A, B, C,
and D), and contaminated (x) and uncontaminated wells (-). Which factory contaminated the
groundwater?
A) Factory A
B) Factory B
C) Factory C
D) Factory D
Answer: C
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
40
69) Which of the following is not a possible source of water contamination?
A) Dry cleaners
B) Farms
C) Rocks that have been mineralized by natural processes but not mined
D) Houses
E) All of these are possible sources of contamination.
Answer: E
Gradable: automatic
70) Which one of the following aquifers would be best for purifying groundwater that is
contaminated with harmful sewage bacteria?
A) Highly fractured granite
B) Coarse gravel with few small grains
C) Sand
D) Cavernous limestone
Answer: C
Section: 08.10 How Does Groundwater Contamination Move and How Do We Clean It Up?
Gradable: automatic
71) Which of the following would be most useful in investigating groundwater contamination?
A) Records of how much material the company may have spilled
B) Records of health problems, like leukemia, of people living in the area
C) A map showing contours of the water table and of contamination levels
D) A geologic map
Answer: C
Gradable: automatic
41
72) The septic tank in this figure will probably
A) contaminate all the water in the well.

B) contaminate the part of the well that is lower than the septic tank.
C) contaminate the soil at the well but not the groundwater.
D) not contaminate the well.
Answer: D
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
42
73) Why does a plume of contamination spread out (become wider) away from the source of
contamination?
A) Because the water flows faster and faster

B) Because of diffusion of the contamination and mixing of contaminated and uncontaminated
water
C) Does not spread out away from the source
D) Will only spread out if it is close to a cone of depression
Answer: B
Gradable: automatic
43
74) Which of the following is true about how contamination moves in groundwater?
A) Contamination moves up the slope of groundwater.
B) Contamination moves opposite to the direction of groundwater flow.
C) Contamination introduced into the ground does not move.
D) Contamination spreads out as it moves, forming a widening plume.
Answer: D
Gradable: automatic
75) This map shows contours of the water table and the location of a factory that contaminated
the groundwater. Which way will the contamination flow?
A) Northwest, up the contours

B) Southwest, parallel to the contours
C) Southeast, down the contours
D) No direction because the movement of contamination is independent of groundwater
Answer: C
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
44
76) This map shows contours of the water table and the location of a factory that contaminated
the groundwater. Where would you drill wells to intercept the contamination?
A) Right next to the factory

B) North of the factory
C) Southeast of the factory
D) Southwest of the factory
Answer: C
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
45
77) According to this graph, which shows water balance for the Ogallala aquifer, which of the
following statements are true?
A) More water is taken out of the aquifer than is gained from recharge.
B) Less water is taken out of the aquifer than is gained from recharge.
C) Springs and rivers take out more water than does pumping.
D) As the aquifer dewaters, it expands, increasing the amount of pore space in which to store
water.
Answer: A
Section: 08.11 Connections: What Is Happening with the Ogallala Aquifer?
Topic: The Ogallala Aquifer
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
78) What is the main problem that has developed in the Ogallala aquifer?
A) It has become contaminated with radioactive waste from the Chernobyl accident.
B) Precipitation is heavier to the east, causing tilting of the entire formation.
C) Overpumping may cause the southern parts of the aquifer to go dry in the next 100 years.
Answer: C
Gradable: automatic
46
79) What is the main importance of the Ogallala aquifer?
A) It feeds springs for the largest trout farms in the world.
B) It is an important source of irrigation water.
C) It is an important source of coal and hydroelectric power.
D) Radioactive waste has been buried along the eastern side and is leaking.
Answer: B
Gradable: automatic
80) Which of the following is true about the Ogallala aquifer?

A) It was featured in the movie A Civil Action.
B) Water levels are dropping primarily because of overpumping.
C) It is a confined aquifer so is replenished as fast as water is used.
Answer: B
Gradable: automatic
81) The water table in the Investigation was lowest in elevation along the
A) north edge.
B) east edge.
C) south edge.
D) west edge.
Answer: D
Section: 08.12 Investigation: Who Polluted Surface Water and Groundwater in This Place?
Topic: Evaluate: Contamination of Surface Water and Groundwater in Sample Place
Gradable: automatic
47
82) The main direction in which groundwater flowed in the Investigation area was to the
A) north.
B) east.
C) south.
D) west.
Answer: D
Gradable: automatic
83) In which part of the area in the Investigation would you most likely find uncontaminated
groundwater?
A) North
B) East
C) South
D) West
Answer: B
Gradable: automatic
48

Exploring Physical Geography 2nd Edition Reynolds Test Bank

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Exploring Physical Geography 2nd Edition Reynolds Test Bank

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Exploring Physical Geography 2nd

Edition Reynolds Test Bank

7) Which of the following events is most like the formation of a cloud?

14) The magnitude of water in a store can have units of

17) In general, the average residence time will increase if

19) Precipitation is measured by all of the following except

22) During times when precipitation exceeds potential evapotranspiration,

A) there cannot be a deficit.

A) summers are very dry.

A) the location is in the Southern Hemisphere.

A) drought is not a real concern.

28) Which of the following is most similar in volume to an acre-foot of water?

35) Which of the following is true about the water table?

40) Which of the following controls the rate of groundwater flow?

41) The permeability of a material refers to

A) Groundwater would flow into the stream, adding water.

A) Groundwater would flow sideways into the stream, adding water.

50) Which of the following is a common setting for a spring?

A) An artesian spring flowed upward on all sides.

A) From left to right across the entire area

60) Which of the following cannot be caused by overpumping of ground water?

A) The amount of subsidence will be constant across the area.

66) What could happen if this well is overpumped?

A) It will run out of water and become a dry well.

A) Northeast, up the contours

A) contaminate all the water in the well.

A) Because the water flows faster and faster

A) Northwest, up the contours

A) Right next to the factory

80) Which of the following is true about the Ogallala aquifer?

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