Introduction To World Relidgios and Belief System

INTRODUCTION TO WORLD RELIDGIOS AND BELIEF SYSTEM
TARAYA, KYLA MARIE BARDILLON

GRADE – 11 ILOILO – HUMSS
LESSON 9.
MOTIVATIONAL ACTIVITY!
1. Nobody that I know has compared the eight-fold path of Buddhism with the Ten
Commandments. However, in doing so, myself, I realized that there is a valid
comparison between the the tenets of the Four Noble truths and the injunctions God
gave to the Hebrews, when forming the nation of Israel.
The eight-fold path actually forms part of the four noble truths of Buddhism.
According to the Buddha, the four noble truths are:
The truth of suffering;
The truth of desire;
The truth of desire’s cessation;
The truth of the eight-fold path.
As we can see, the fourth noble truth is the eight-fold path, so this leaves three noble
truths. However these three noble truths are in fact a statement that suffering exists
and is the very cause of dissatisfaction, which originates from unfilled desire, that
when fulfilled, causes suffering to cease. If we take the statements regarding the first
three noble truths, we find that they embody the following two realities of life:
Suffering exists because of desire;
The cessation of desire is the end of suffering.
The four noble truths, of which the eight-fold plan forms a part, are similar to the Ten
Commandments, even if they are not exactly the same and one is the writing of God
Himself and the other the observation of a mere mortal about the human condition and
fate. Indeed, the Ten Commandments and the eight-fold path, have more similarities
than people realize
The fourth truth is the eight-fold path. When we divest of the unnecessary and convert
the three noble truths into two truths and add them to the eight-fold path, we have ten
concepts to compare with the Ten Commandments, which were written by the Finger
of God. We will frame Buddha’s concepts thus:
Suffering exists because of desire;
The cessation of desire is the end of suffering;
Develop the right view;
Develop the right intention;
Cultivate right speech;
Cultivate right actions;
Practice right livelihood;
Put in right effort;
Develop right mindfulness;
Observe right concentration.
The Ten Commandments summarized are as follows:
Hear the voice of the Lord Your God Who is your Savior;
You shall not put anything before the Lord Your God;
God holds all to account who take His name in vain;
Learn to trust God and allow Him to reign in your life;
God promises to abundantly bless eternally all who honor Him;
Why should you murder another;
Why should you be adulterous;
Why should you steal;
Why should you bear false witness;
Why should you desire that which is not yours.
Purists may not like the way in which the Ten Commandments and the teachings of
Buddha are recomposed here, in order to show their similarity.
Nevertheless, a comparison of this nature is what we would do if we had a genuine
quest and we were seeking God’s voice; for we would do some analysis and some
examination of ideas, as we investigate the truth of life.
When we compare the two lists, we notice that the Buddha begins with desire,
whereas the Ten Commandments finish with desire.
God is giving us a ladder to Heaven that we have to climb, if we are to secure eternal
life. This is a ladder that is extended from Heaven on high to Earth below. The tenth
commandment is the first rung on the ladder up to Heaven from Earth and the first
commandment is the last rung we step off into eternity.
Buddha’s list is the conceptualizing of his observations of life: what might seem to be
the best way for a human to overcome—what appears to be—the hopelessness and
futility of being born only to suffer, then die.
In order to compare the Ten Commandments with what Buddha concluded to be the
way to salvation, we need to rearrange them so that they correspond, rung by rung,
that would be expected to be found on a ladder to eternity from the temporal.
Because Buddha’s precepts originate from an Earthly perspective, we need to work
from the last precept (no. 10) first. By reversing the order of the revised Noble Truths
including the eight-fold path and starting with suffering as the reason people on Earth
need to escape their condition, we have can construct the following sequence of rungs:
Observe right concentration
Develop right mindfulness
Put in right effort
Practice right livelihood
Cultivate right actions
Cultivate right speech
Develop the right intention
Develop the right view
The cessation of desire is the end of suffering
Suffering exists because of desire
The above sequence has not changed the order of the eight-fold path, except that we
are going to work upwards, as if this were a ladder, therefore the tenth rung would
become the first rung. This we will do by stating the Buddhist claim first (preceded by
B) and then stating what the Lord God is saying (preceded by TC:) with the
corresponding commandment.
2. A. The Eightfold Path is not a set of laws like the ten commandments. No Buddhist is
forced to comply with the suggested behaviors. It is however, beneficial of a person
to comply.
B. IMILARITIES: They are both patterns for ethics, The TEN
COMMANDMENTS are a series of characteristics for the Jewish community. The 8-
FOLD PATH helps one determine what life one shall live as a warrior or a priest or a
lawyer, or a ruler, or a peasant, etc.
DIFFERENCES: The TEN COMMANDMENTS shows the existence of
a Supreme Being, God the Creator of heaven and Earth. EIGHTFOLD
PATH OF BUDDHISM doesn't mention God or any deity. The Ten
Commandments considers family as an institution established by God and
children should honor heir parents.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
1. Gautama was born into a wealthy family as a prince in present-day Nepal. After six
years of searching, Buddhists believe Gautama found enlightenment while meditating
under a Bodhi tree. He spent the rest of his life teaching others about how to achieve
this spiritual state.
2. In Buddhism, anyone who understood the teachings of the Buddha could achieve
salvation. For Buddhists, salvation is gained through the understanding of the ways
things really are according to the Buddha's Dharma. Once an individual has become
enlightened they can then reach a state of nirvana.
GUIDE QUESTION
1. The Buddha said: "One who is willing to attain Nirvana, has to understand Four Noble
Truths. These Noble Truths are the key to attain Nirvana, without proper
understanding of Suffering, Cause of Suffering, Relief of Suffering and the way to end
Suffering, These are the four Noble Truths."
The basic doctrines of early Buddhism, which remain common to all Buddhism,
include the four noble truths: existence is suffering (dukhka); suffering has a cause,
namely craving and attachment (trishna); there is a cessation of suffering, which is
nirvana; and there is a path to the cessation of suffering, the eightfold path of right
views, right resolve, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right
mindfulness, and right concentration. Buddhism characteristically describes reality in
terms of process and relation rather than entity or substance.
E. A SHORT SKIT ON THE LIFE STORY OF SIDDHARTA AND GAUTAMA

Siddhartha Gautama, who would one day become known as Buddha ("enlightened one" or
"the awakened"), lived in Nepal during the 6th to 4th century B.C. While scholars agree that
he did in fact live, the events of his life are still debated. According to the most widely
known story of his life, after experimenting with different teachings for years, and finding
none of them acceptable, Gautama spent a fateful night in deep meditation. During his
meditation, all of the answers he had been seeking became clear, and he achieved full
awareness, thereby becoming Buddha.
F. Four end of the human person

Karma – physical or emotional pleasure
Artha – power success and material prosperity
Dharma – lawful order and moral virtue
Moksha – release from delusion

EIGHT – FOLD PATH

1. Right understanding
2. Right thought
3. Right Speech
4. Right conduct
5. Right means of making a living
6. Right mental attitude or effect
7. Right mindfulness
8. Right concentration
A. Theravada, like all other Buddhist schools, claims to adhere most closely to the
original doctrines and practices taught by the Buddha. ... The Theravada form of
Buddhism gradually spread eastward, becoming dominant in Myanmar in the late 11th
century and in Cambodia and Laos by the 13th and 14th centuries.
B. ASSESSMENT!
A.
1. Khandas
2. Great renunciation
3. Tripitakan
4. Dukkha
5. Mahavihara
6. Sangha
7. Law of dependent
8. Arhat
9. Mara
10.Stupas

B. EIGHTFOLD PATH WHAT ONE MUST DO!
1. Untruthfulness
2. tale bearing
3. killing
4. living thing
5. overcome
6. maintain
7. feeling,
8. single,
9. mediation.
C. A TIMELINE OF THE LIFE OF SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA, OR THE BUDDHA.
The following is a decent account of the basic story of Siddhartha Gautama, the man
who would awaken to realize his true nature as Buddha, or "The Awakened One."
The details of Buddha's life are not considered factual, as his story wasn't recorded
for hundreds of years after he passed on. Thus many of the details are more legend
than strict fact.
A TIMELINE OF THE LIFE OF BUDDHA
Siddhartha Gautama lived in the present-day border area between India and Nepal in the
6th century before Christ; his exact birth date is unknown. Because the life of the historical
Buddha is inseparable from legend, the following text is not meant to be a historically exact
biography, but a short life story based on what has been passed down by generations.
563 BC - Birth
Siddhartha Gautama is born in Lumbini, near the Nepalese-Indian border to his father,
King Suddhodana, ruler of the Sakya tribe, and his mother, Queen Mayadevi. The father
gives his son the name of Siddhartha (=the one who obtains success and prosperity), his
second name is Gautama (=name of the clan).

Seers predict that Siddhartha will either become a Universal Monarch or a Buddha.
Asita, the wisest of the seers, is sure that he will become a Buddha (=one who has
supreme knowledge). His mother dies seven days after the birth.
563-547 BC
Siddhartha spends his childhood in the palace of his father at Kapilavastu, Southern
Nepal, where he is raised by his aunt Mahaprajapati until the age of seven. In his
early childhood, during a ploughing ceremony, Siddhartha makes his first
unprecedented spiritual experience, where in the course of meditation he develops
the first jhana (=meditative absorption) through concentration.
As a young boy he learns the skills of a warrior, including the technical and athletic
skills of man-to-man fight. Siddhartha is trained in spiritual disciplines and becomes
proficient in the art of archery.
547 BC
At the early age of sixteen, he marries his beautiful cousin Princess Yasodhara, who
is of equal age.
547-533 BC
The young prince spends thirteen more years together with his wife in the royal court
of his father. Three palaces are built for him, one for the cold season, one for the hot
season, and one for the rainy season. Siddhartha enjoys the lavish court life while his
father is trying to screen him from all troubles and worries. A son is born while
Siddhartha is in his late twenties.

533 BC - The Four Sights
Despite of the amenities of life, Siddhartha is not satisfied with the mere enjoyment
of fleeting pleasures due to his inquiring and contemplative nature. One day, he
leaves the palace for an excursion and there he encounters what so far has been
purposely veiled from him:
He sees a decrepit old man, a diseased person, a corpse being cremated, and a sadhu
(=holy man, hermit). Siddhartha realises that there is old age, sickness, and death,
and that people ultimately have little control over their lives. The fourth sight
provides the inspiration that leads to a dramatic change in his life.
533 BC - The Renunciation
In the night of his 29th birthday, Siddhartha gives up his life as a prince and secretly
leaves the court while everyone is asleep. He travels far and crosses the river Anoma,
where he shaves his hair and hands over his princely garments to his groom Channa,
with instructions to return them to the palace.
533-528 BC
The Bodhisattva (=future Buddha), who once lived in luxury, becomes a penniless
and homeless wanderer. He leads a life of self-mortification and spiritual study,
becomes first a disciple of several then famous Brahman teachers, and later attracts
his own disciples.
After a long and exhausting period of searching and self-mortification, he finally

becomes disillusioned with the Indian caste system, Hindu asceticism, and the
religious doctrines of his time. He gives up the ascetic life and loses all of his
disciples as a result. Nevertheless, he continues his search for truth through the
practice of meditation.

April/May 528 BC - Enlightenment
While meditating under a Bodhi tree in Bodh-Gaya, south of Gaya in the state of
Bihar, India, the Bodhisattva experiences the Great Enlightenment, which reveals to
him the way of salvation from suffering. He spends seven weeks meditating in the
vicinity of the site of the Bodhi tree and attains the status of a fully realised Buddha
at the age of 35.
June/July 528 BC - First Sermon
Buddha finds his former five disciples in Benares. In his first sermon he teaches
them what will become the gist of Buddhism. Upon hearing it, one of the disciples
instantly attains the status of an arhat (=one with enlightened wisdom). This event
marks the beginning of the Buddhist teaching and his disciples become the first five
members of the sangha (=Buddhist order).
528-527 BC
During a short period of time, Buddha establishes a great reputation in western

Hindustan by converting thousands of people to the dhamma (=the Buddhist
teaching). People hear the dhamma delivered either by himself, or by the monks of
his order. During this time he delivers the fire sermon.
March 527 BC
The Buddha briefly returns to the palace of his father to convert the royal family and
ordains many of the Sakya tribe.
523 BC
Four years later Siddhartha's father, King Suddhodana, dies. Buddha returns to the
palace and Mahaprajapati, where Buddha's aunt -upon meeting Buddha- becomes the
first woman to ordain, despite of the protest of some contemporaries. From this
moment on women were
admitted to the sangha. According to Indian tradition, however, they were separated
and under the authority of male monks.
523-483 BC
In the 45 years following his enlightenment, Buddha travels around Northern India to
teach the tenets of Buddhism. He is extremely successful and attracts first thousands,
then ten thousands, and later hundred thousands of people from all walks of life, who
voluntarily decide to follow his teachings, the dhamma. During the monsoon, when
travelling becomes difficult due to the weather, Buddha and his close followers
interrupt their journey. During these month, monks, as well as laypeople, receive the
teachings at a site selected for retreat. One such site is Sravasti in Nepal, which has
become very famous since then.
Buddha's success does not only attract admirers, but also provokes envy and ill will.
Several attempts are made on his life, but all of them fail. Although he is being
criticised and defamed, this does not affect the popularity of his teaching.
483 BC - Buddha passes into Nirvana
Having achieved the goal of spreading the teaching to the greatest number of people,
Buddha dies at the age of eighty years, as a result of food poisoning. He dies in a
forest near Kusinagara, Nepal, in the company of his followers reclining on a bed
where he speaks his last words: "All compounded things are ephemeral; work
diligently on your salvation." With these words on his lips, he passes into the state of
Nirvana.
REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND

1. because Buddhism is a tradition focused on spiritual liberation, it is not a theistic
religion. The Buddha himself rejected the idea of a creator god, and Buddhist
philosophers have even argued that belief in an eternal god is nothing but a distraction
for humans seeking enlightenment.
2. Siddhartha Gautama, born a Kshatriya prince, searched for the meaning of life by
traveling India, fasting, and meditating. He eventually found the answers to human
suffering, finding enlightenment at age 35 and becoming the Buddha.
3. Of course it would be as easy as you would be dedicated to it. The Noble eightfold
path knows no frontiers. You have to increase your will power and you will be easily
be able to follow these eight fold paths.
4. Theravada Buddhism
Theravada Buddhism is strongest in Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos and Burma
(Myanmar). It is sometimes called 'Southern Buddhism'.
The name means 'the doctrine of the elders' - the elders being the senior Buddhist
monks.
This school of Buddhism believes that it has remained closest to the original teachings
of the Buddha. However, it does not over-emphasise the status of these teachings in a
fundamentalist way - they are seen as tools to help people understand the truth, and
not as having merit of their own.
Theravada beliefs
The Supernatural: Many faiths offer supernatural solutions to the spiritual problems of
human beings. Buddhism does not. The basis of all forms of Buddhism is to use
meditation for awakening (or enlightenment), not outside powers.
Supernatural powers are not disregarded but they are incidental and the Buddha
warned against them as fetters on the path.
The Buddha: Siddhartha Gautama was a man who became Buddha, the Awakened
One - much in the same way as Jesus became Christ. Since his death the only contact
with him is through his teachings which point to the awakened state.
God: There is no omnipotent creator God of the sort found in Judaism, Islam and
Christianity. Gods exist as various types of spiritual being but with limited powers.
The Path to Enlightenment: Each being has to make their own way to enlightenment
without the help of God or gods. Buddha's teachings show the way, but making the
journey is up to us.
Theravada life
Theravada Buddhism emphasises attaining self-liberation through one's own efforts.
Meditation and concentration are vital elements of the way to enlightenment. The ideal
road is to dedicate oneself to full-time monastic life.
The follower is expected to "abstain from all kinds of evil, to accumulate all that is
good and to purify their mind".
Meditation is one of the main tools by which a Theravada Buddhist transforms
themselves, and so a monk spends a great deal of time in meditation.
When a person achieves liberation they are called a 'worthy person' - an Arhat or
Arahat.
Despite the monastic emphasis, Theravada Buddhism has a substantial role and place
for lay followers.
Monastic life
Most Theravada monks live as part of monastic communities. Some join as young as
seven, but one can join at any age. A novice is called a samanera and a full monk is
called a bikkhu.
The monastic community as a whole is called the sangha.


Monks (and nuns) undertake the training of the monastic order (the Vinaya) which
consist of 227 rules (more for nuns). Within these rules or precepts are five which are
undertaken by all those trying to adhere to a Buddhist way of life. The Five Precepts
are to undertake the rule of training to:
Refrain from harming living beings
Refrain from taking that which is not freely given
Refrain from sexual misconduct
Refrain from wrong speech; such as lying, idle chatter, malicious gossip or harsh
speech
Refrain from intoxicating drink and drugs which lead to carelessness
Of particular interest is the fact that Theravadan monks and nuns are not permitted to
eat after midday or handle money.
LESSON 10.
A. KNOW
1. Motivational acticity
2.
a. Feel it, use your emotions.
b. I feel home as I reminisce memories that seemed to relate with a specific music. Well,
this is based on a person's mood and also based on the music genre being played.
3. Mahayana Buddhism's Concept of Bodhisattva contributed to it being one of the most
successful missionary religions in the world because of its selfless characteristic of
helping others to achieve enlightenment. Bodhisattva is a person who is already bound
to reach Nirvana but chooses to stay in the cycle of life or samsara in order to save
those who are still suffering. In doing so, Mahayana Buddhism's Concept of
Bodhisattva puts greater emphasis on seeking enlightenment not only for one's self but
also for all sentient beings.

Additional Characteristics Highlighting Mahayana Buddhism's Concept of

Bodhisattva
Below are some characteristics revolving around Mahayana Buddhism's Concept of
Bodhisattva which make this type of Buddhism one of the most successful missionary
religions in the world:
Becoming a Bodhisattva is achieved through six perfections and they are generosity,
morality, wisdom, patience, energy, and meditation.
With these six perfections, a Bodhisattva aspirant is not only seeking enlightenment
through meditation and personal order but also in doing altruistic service for the
benefit of many. This is truly manifested in their missionary works.
Aside from being generous and selfless, Bodhisattva people also encourage others and
teach or share their knowledge and wisdom.
B. DEVELOP
1.
2. Mahayana Buddhism (or the Mahayana) can be defined as a major movement in the
history of Buddhism which has its origins in northern India. It is made up of many
schools and reinterpretations of fundamental human beliefs, values and ideals not only
those of the Buddhist teachings
3. A. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS!
1. Mahayana Buddhists believe they can achieve enlightenment through following the
teachings of the Buddha . ... Whereas Theravada Buddhists strive to become Arhats
and gain freedom from the cycle of samsara, Mahayana Buddhists may choose to stay
in the cycle of samsara out of compassion for others.
2. Mahayana Buddhism appealing to vast majority of followers most especially to people
of lower castes because it emphasized individulals' path to enlightenment and salvatio
n which could be attained in this

B. GUIDE QUESTION
P – 152. The new Mahayana epoch was accompanied by a canon of scriptures, known
as 'Perfection of Insight,' characterised by the doctrine of emptiness, which entails
viewing Buddha as a supernatural being. Mahāyāna Buddhism generally sees the goal
of becoming a Buddha through the bodhisattva path as being available to all and sees
the state of the arhat as incomplete. Mahāyāna also includes numerous Buddhas and
bodhisattvas that are not found in Theravada (such as Amitabha).
P – 153. Lotus Sutra, Sanskrit Saddharmapuṇ ḍ arīka-sūtra, (“Lotus of the Good Law
[or True Doctrine] Sutra”), one of the earlier Mahāyāna Buddhist texts venerated as
the quintessence of truth by the Japanese Tendai (Chinese T'ien-t'ai) and Nichiren
sects.
P – 160. Buddhist monasteries were established across the country, and they became
powerful political players in their own right. Buddhism was also a key driver in
fostering literacy, education in general, and the arts in ancient Japan.
Buddhist monasteries were established across the country, and they became powerful
political players in their own right. Buddhism was also a key driver in fostering
literacy, education in general, and the arts in ancient Japan.It was brought to China by
Buddhist monks from India during the latter part of the Han dynasty In fact, by the
sixth century, Buddhism rivaled Daoism in popularity and political influence. It was
during this time, and over the course of the next three centuries, that major schools of
Chinese Buddhism formed.
They studied the religion in China and returned home to found influential monasteries,
two of which became the centers of the main Japanese Buddhist sects, Tendai and
Shingon. ... The salvationist Pure Land Buddhism taught faith in Amida (Amitabha in
Sanskrit), the buddha of the Western Paradise.

CRITICAL THINKING!
1. Mahayana buddhism promotes the englightenment of all beings, not just the
individual.
mahanaya places more emphasis on chanting rather than silence and mindful
meditation which Theravada buddhism is known for.
Dharma teachings in Theravada is strictly in Pali while some teachings of Mahayana
Buddhism can be translated into the local language / dialect - this makes it easier for
the people to understand and also makes it more appealing to them
2. In the history of Buddhism, which has its roots in northern India, Mahayana
Buddhism or the Mahayanas can be identified as a major movement. It is made up not
only of Buddhist teachings, but also of several schools and reinterpretations of basic
human principles, values and ideals. The documented starting point for Mahayana is
the 2nd century CE, also known as the 'Great Vehicle' because it embraces so much,
but it is believed that before that date this tidal wave of shifts began to develop,
building on established schools and structures, and it continues today. Its exact sources
are still not well known, but in comparison to previous Buddhist aspirations, the
doctrines of compassion were similarly strongly emphasized.
3. Mahayana Buddhism's Concept of Bodhisattva contributed to it being one of the most
successful missionary religions in the world because of its selfless characteristic of
helping others to achieve enlightenment. Bodhisattva is a person who is already bound
to reach Nirvana but chooses to stay in the cycle of life or samsara in order to save
those who are still suffering. In doing so, Mahayana Buddhism's Concept of
Bodhisattva puts greater emphasis on seeking enlightenment not only for one's self but
also for all sentient beings.
Additional Characteristics Highlighting Mahayana Buddhism's Concept of
Bodhisattva
Below are some characteristics revolving around Mahayana Buddhism's Concept of
Bodhisattva which make this type of Buddhism one of the most successful missionary
religions in the world:
Becoming a Bodhisattva is achieved through six perfections and they are generosity,
morality, wisdom, patience, energy, and meditation.
With these six perfections, a Bodhisattva aspirant is not only seeking enlightenment
through meditation and personal order but also in doing
altruistic service for the benefit of many. This is truly manifested in their missionary
works. Aside from being generous and selfless, Bodhisattva people also encourage
others and teach or share their knowledge and wisdom.
The three aspect or nature of Buddhahood
According to this doctrine, Buddhahood has three aspects: The Nirmana-kaya, or

Transformation-body, the earthly manifestation of the Buddha; ... The Dharmakāya, or
Dharma-body, the ultimate nature of the Buddha, and the ultimate nature of reality.
A. A SHORT SKIT ON THE BEGINNINGS OF MAHAYANA BUDDHISM

Mahayana is the buddhism of the people. It has more flexibility than the theravada
form, which emphasizes an approach to practices more suited to a monastic life.
Mahayana emphasizes the importance of each follower living as a bodhisattva, or
enlightened being. The ideas of selflessness and compassion, and the desire to free all
living beings from suffering are central to this life. This includes taking a vow to be
reborn and helping others reach nirvana, or enlightenment. Mahayana buddhism
teaches that enlightenment is achievable during the course of an ordinary life and that
you don't need to be a spiritual recluse to reach this state.
Awakening
Mahayana refers to "awakening" as the key to being a bodhisattva. Meditation is the
method used to achieve this knowledge. Essentially, this is the realization that
dualities, such as good and evil or existence and non-existence are false. It also
teaches that reality is made up of everything seen and unseen, and that our notion of
reality is purely a convention of daily life. In mahayana, the universe has no beginning
in time, and there are infinite worlds that are all part of true reality. It also teaches that
there is an infinite number of buddhas. This particular teaching is significant because
it means that believers are not dependent only on devotion to shakyamuni buddha --the
original buddha --for liberation from suffering. As a result, followers venerated other
buddhas and bodhisattvas, such as amitabha, in the regions where mahayana is
dominant.
Upaya
Upaya is the mahayana "doctrine of skillful means." this approach to salvation --which
for buddhists is liberation from suffering and the cycle of reincarnation called samsara
-- allows individuals to use means that are appropriate for them but which may not
appear to be right to other buddhists. The teachings explain that since the actions of a
buddha, or bodhisattva, come from wisdom and compassion, whatever actions he
takes to help another person, are justified by his superior insight. The parables of the
lotus sutra, central text of nichiren buddhism, provides examples of the way "upaya" is
used. In one of its parables -- sometimes referred to as the "white lie" parable -- a rich
man needs to save his children from a house fire. To prevent panic and chaos he tells
them their toys are outside. The children run out quickly, and are saved from the fire.
The buddha cited this as an example of lying as a skillful means of saving another
person from suffering or death.
Karma
The concept of karma is important to mahayana buddhists. In the more classical idea
of karma, only an individual's actions during his life could influence his future.
However, mahayana teachings suggest that the good karma accrued from good deeds
might be transferable to others in need of liberation, such as a person's deceased
parents. This could prevent them from having to experience the pain of rebirth.
Mahayana also teaches that karma affects believers' acquisition of wisdom and
enlightenment. Essentially this means that the more good karma, or merit, you create
from your actions and thoughts, the more likely you are to achieve enlightenment.
B. THEE ASPECTS OR NATURE OF BUDDHA – HOOD
The Nirmana-kaya, or Transformation-body
The earthly manifestation of the Buddha.
The Dharmakāya, or Dharma-body,
The ultimate nature of the Buddha,the ultimate nature of reality.
SIX PERFECTIONS TO BECOME A BODHISATTVA

1. generosity (dāna)
2. morality (śīla)
3. patience (kṣānti)
4. vigor (vīrya)
5. concentration (dhyāna)
6. wisdom (prajñā)

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expressing their sincerest care and aid to every and each man or woman in need. The
shared aim of Tzu Chi volunteers is to domesticate sincerity, integrity, faith, and
honesty inside whilst workout kindness, compassion, joy, and selflessness to humanity
thru concrete actions. Transcending the limits of race, nationality, language, and
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we sense their pain; while others suffer, we sense their sorrow”. Not simplest do the
volunteers undertaking to sell the everyday cost of “Great Love,” additionally they
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Foundation’s “Four Major Missions” encompass Charity, Medicine, Education, and
Humanity. Adding the efforts in Bone Marrow Donation, Environmental Protection,
Community Volunteerism, and International Relief, the undertakings at the moment
are together acknowledged as “Tzu Chi’s Eight Footprints”.
D. REFLECTION & UNDERSTAND!

a. Mahayana Buddhism followers think that The Buddha is a God because they think that
the Buddha came down to earth to help people cross the sea of life. ... On the other
hand Hinayana Buddhists think that The Buddha was a Human instead of a God
because they think The Buddha was simply a man who found a way to Nirvana.
b. n Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva refers to anyone who has generated bodhicitta, a
spontaneous wish and compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all
sentient beings.
c. The term 'bodhisattva' literally means 'one who has enlightenment as his/her essence',
from bodhi (awakening or enlightenment) and sattva (essence). It is not simply another
term for a Buddha, though: a bodhisattva is a being who is destined for enlightenment
rather than one who has gained it already. A bodhisattva is also normally thought of as
consciously working towards enlightenment: you can’t call someone a bodhisattva just
because they might be enlightened in the future if they

haven’t started making an effort yet. For this reason, the earliest use of the term
'bodhisattva' refers to Siddhartha Gautama before he gained enlightenment, and also in
his previous lives.
In the Theravada, as in Early Buddhism, though, this is the only use of the term. There
is only one Buddha per age, who is the trailblazer who discovers the Dharma. So for
each age, at any rate, there is only one bodhisattva.
LESSON 12
A. KNOW
1. The harmony is achieved by coordinating these parties in a properly cooperative way,
with ren (benevolence, authoritative conduct), yi (righteousness, morality) and li
(ritual propriety) as criterions. Third, Confucian harmony is not mere agreement
without difference
2.
a. Harmonious Relationship meant to be a "give and take" relationship. it is how we
communicate and how good we are to our partners. How we make feel others good,
while maintaining self-respect.
b. yes because the earth is moving circle when the earth move we move like the earth
3. Confucianism is always associated with its founder Confucius. The name Confucius is
a latinized word of the Chinese name Kung Fu Zi. To the Chinese, Kung Fu Zi means “
The First Teacher” or “ The Greatest Teacher in China”. Being the “First Teacher,”
Confucius is called by the Chinese as Master Kong. His name is Qui Kong; Qui his
family name, and Kong called his first name.
5. Confucius was born in the state called Lu. His mother prayed at the hill Nich’iu and
begat Confucius in answer to her prayer. There was a noticeable convolution on his
head at his birth, and that was why he was called Ch’iu (meaning a “hill”).
6. ACCORDING TO ANALECTS

7. He devoted himself to scholarly study when he reached age 15. At age 17, he was
given a minor government post in his native state of Lu. His financial status apparently
improved, so that he married at the age of 19 and had a son the next year. In the
middle 20’s, his mother died. Being a meticulous observer of ancient traditions,
Confucius retired from public
8. life and mourned for his mother at her grave for 27 months, thus furnishing the
Chinese with a classic example of filial piety.
9. CONFUCIUS, THE TEACHER
10. By the time he was twenty he had opened a school and become a teacher. His
method was not to discover new ideas, but only to transmit the wisdom of the ancients.
His only aim in teaching was to give a faithful interpretation of the past to others. The
reputation of his personality and wisdom spread rapidly, and attracted many followers.
11. CONFUCIUS, CHIEF- MAGISTRATE
12. His administration was so successful that the happiness of its citizens got around.
This excited the curiosity of the Duke of the province of Lu, who asked Confucius
how he was able to get the loyalty and cooperation of the citizens.
13. CONFUCIUS’ METHOD
14. Confucius is reported to have explained: “ I rewarded those who were good, and
punished those who were bad.” The people soon learned that it was good to be good
and bad to be bad, and they became good and good people are loyal to each other and
to the government.
15. CONFUCIUS’ DEATH
16. He died at the age of 72 in 479 B.C. He became more famous after his death. He
never intended to found a new religion, but the prince of Lu erected a temple in his
honor, and sacrifices were offered to him.
17. THE SCRIPTURES OF CONFUCIANISM
18. The Five Classics 1. The Book of Changes is a manual of divination, to assist in
seeing future consist of a series of ancient together with later commentaries 2. The
Book of History is a collection of documents ascribed to Emperors down to the early
Chou dynasty.
19. It is moral and religious narrative which teaches the lesson that Heaven blesses
only virtuous rulers with peace and prosperity. 3. The Book of Songs is a collection of
three three hundred short poems, most of which belong to the Chou period in which
Confucius lived.

20. 4. The Book of Rites is a code of rules about worship, and about social and
relationship. It remains to this day authoritative guide for Chinese ethics. 5. The
Annals of Spring and Autumn records events in the State of Lu hundred years.
21. Is Confucianism a Religion?
22. Most religions can be defined as having a God or group of gods, an organized
priesthood, a belief in a life after death, and established traditions. While it prescribes
a great deal or ritual, little of it could be constructed as worship or meditation in a
strict sense. However, Tian is sacred to many Confucians. Confucius occasionally
made statements about the existence of other
23. worldly beings that sound distinctly agnostic and humanistic to European and
American ears, so Confucianism is often considered a secular ethical tradition and not
a religion. Although Confucianism may include ancestor worship, sacrifice to
ancestral spirits and abstract celestial deity, and the deification of ancient kings and
even Confucius himself, all these features can
24. be traced back to non-Confucian Chinese beliefs established long before
Confucius. Generally, Confucianism is not considered a religion by Chinese or other
East Asian people. Many Buddhists state that Buddhism is not a religion, but
philosophy, and this is partially a reaction to negative popular views of religion.
Confucians maintain that Confucianism is not a religion, but rather a moral code or
philosophic worldview.
25. If religion is by definition worship of supernatural entities, the answer must be that
Confucianism is not a religion. If a religion is defined as a belief system that includes
moral stances, guides for daily life, systematic views of humanity and its place in the
universe. Then Confucianism most definitely qualifies.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS!
1. The role of virtue in achieving a harmonious society is very important. ... Therefore,
when every person or member in the society has virtue, chaos will never be visible,
instead there is only happiness and most importantly, harmony.
2. First, hierarchy establishes social order and facilitates social coordination. Hierarchical
order is appealing psychologically because it helps resolve individual needs for
stability, and organizationally because it is effective for the coordination of Page
10 Social Hierarchy 10 activity.
3. First, hierarchy establishes social order and facilitates social coordination. Hierarchical
order is appealing psychologically because it helps resolve individual needs for
stability, and organizationally because it is effective for the coordination of Page
10 Social Hierarchy 10 activity.
8. FIVE CONSTANTS
enumerated constants
character constant
floating or real constant
string constant
integers constant
LESSON 11.
A. know!
2.
a. Bodhisattva is a person who is already bound to reach Nirvana but chooses to stay in the
cycle of life or samsara in order to save those who are still suffering.
3. Mahayana Buddhists believe they can achieve enlightenment through following the
teachings of the Buddha. Whereas Theravada Buddhists strive to become Arhats and gain
freedom from the cycle of samsara, Mahayana Buddhists may choose to stay in the cycle of
samsara out of compassion for others.
B. develop!
1. Buddhism and Hinduism are similar because their architecture is vibrant and colorful.
They both have dharma and believe in reincarnation. Both of them also believe in
karma. Due to Buddhism's connection and origination within the Silk Road, merchants
carried philosophies and faiths along the journey.
2. Basic Doctrines of Hinduism and Buddhism
Hinduism and Buddhism are both religions that believe in reincarnation, dharma,
moksha, and karma. The religion of Buddhism urges people to meditate to enlighten
themselves. Buddhism also rejects the Hinduism priests. The following were the basic
doctrines of the respective religions:

Hinduism
The doctrine of Samsara or the continuous cycle of life which pertains to the cycle of
birth, death, and reincarnation.
Buddhism
The doctrine of the noble truths:
Dukha (existence of suffering)
Trishna (cause of suffering)
Nirvana (cessation of suffering)
GUIDE QUESTIONS!
P – 171. In Hinduism, the reunification of the soul with Brahman is called

moksha. Buddhists have the same goal, but it is given the name nirvana. In
both Hinduism and Buddhism, the ultimate goal is to end the cycle of reincarnation.
P – 172. Anatta, (Pali: “non-self” or “substanceless”) Sanskrit anatman, in Buddhism,

the doctrine that there is in humans no permanent, underlying substance that can be
called the soul. ... The concept of anatta, or anatman, is a departure from the Hindu
belief in atman (“the self”).
8. UNIQUENESS AND SIMILARITIES!
Mahayana Buddhism
Similarities
Mahayana Buddhists believe they can achieve enlightenment through following the
teachings of the Buddha. Whereas, Mahayana Buddhists may choose to stay in the
cycle of samsara out of compassion for others.
Theravada Buddhism
Similarities
Theravada Buddhism strive to become Arhats and gain freedom from the cycle of
samsara, Mahayana Buddhists may choose to stay in the cycle of samsara out of
compassion for others.


9.Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism share the same core beliefs and
devotion to the life and teaching of Buddha, but they do have some differences.
Theravada Buddhism is associated with South East Asia and is perhaps closer to the original
Indian form of Buddhism. As Mahayana Buddhism spread north through Tibet and China, it
took on more local customs.
Location of Buddhist Paths
Theravada Buddhism – Southern (Sri Lanka, Thailand, Burma, Laos, Cambodia, parts of
Southeast Asia)
Mahayana Buddhism – Northern (Tibet, China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, parts of
Southeast Asia )
Scriptures
Theravada in Pali (Pali Canon).
Mahayana in Sanskrit (Sutras)
Both share the common basic Buddhist teachings of Four Noble Truths, Eight-fold path.
Language Difference
Theravada Buddhism is more conservative. It places importance on the original Pali
language as the birth language of the Buddha. Pali is used in worship.
Bodhisattvas
In Theravada Buddhism the main Bodhisattvas is Maitreya.
In Mahayana Buddhism Maitreya plus non-historical figures.
Mahayana Buddhism suggests Boddhisatva’s delay their realisation to stay in Samsara and
help other struggling humans.
Theravada suggests Bodhisattvas seek enlightenment first before they can help others stuck
in Samsara. In Mahayana Buddhism, Bodhisattvas have greater prominence.
In Mahayana Buddhism, Bodhisattvas have greater prominence.
Goal of Buddhism
Theravada Buddhists place greater emphasis on arhat – liberation or Nirvana.
In Mahayana Buddhism, the role of the Bodhisattva path is given more prominence.
Teachings
Theravāda promotes the concept of vibhajjavāda “teaching of analysis”. This suggests the
seeker should gain insights from his own experience, application of knowledge, and critical
reasoning. Though this should be weighed against scripture and wise monks.
Mahayana promotes the idea that an aspirant should not just seek personal enlightenment but
the enlightenment of all beings. It also accepts a wide range of approaches to enlightenment;
it includes not just meditation and personal disciplines but selfless service and working in the
world for the benefit of others.
Type of Meditation
Type of MeditationTheravada
Mainly silent-mind, mindfulness meditation. There are two main types of Theravada
meditation:
Samatha: Calming meditation
Vipassana: Insight meditation
Mahayana
Mahayana Buddhism greater emphasis on mantras, chanting, especially in Tibetan
Buddhism.
Though Tibetan Buddhism is based on Mahayana, it could be seen as its own strand –
Vajrayana. Tibetan Buddhism is based on Tantric disciplines.
Modern expressions
Mahayana Buddhism
Pure Land,
Zen,
Vajrayana (or Tantric) Buddhism
Theravada
Thai Forest Tradition
Vipassana
Monastic traditions
There is a monastic tradition in both branches of Buddhism. The monastic tradition in
Theravada is perhaps considered more important and there is a strong relationship between
monks/nuns and lay people.
Mahayana Buddhism also has a strong monastic tradition.

10.ASSESSMENT!
1.F
2.G
3.J
4.I
5.E
6.H
7.B
8.C
9.D
10.A
11.The Abrahamic teachings encourage humans to alter their world in the grand push
towards the end of time, while the Dharmic religions encourage humans to accept a
world that is more or less constant and eternally repeating.
12.The earliest ancestor of Dharmic religions was the Vedic religion of the Indo-Aryans
who founded the Vedic civilization of ancient India. It, in turn, had its roots in the
original Indo-Iranian religion of the Aryans, from which also sprang the Zoroastrian
faith. Vedic religion laid the foundations to modern Hinduism
13.Yes, the problems that we're really trying to be settled by religious catholic is to practice
cooperating with different religion because some people judge some religion even tho
they still haven't known how good they are

LESSON 14
A. KNOW
1. MOTIVATIONAL AVTIVITY!
2. a. The Philippines is a country with a long history of colonization, strongly
influencing its culture and traditions. This impact extends well beyond language and
food and into the many superstitions that locals take to heart. With an Animist, pre-
colonial past (with likely Hindu-Buddhist influences), followed by a major
conversion into Christianity, The Philippines claims ownership of a very interesting,
diverse mix of beliefs.
3. Shinto is an optimistic faith, as humans are thought to be fundamentally good, and
evil is believed to be caused by evil spirits. Consequently, the purpose of most Shinto
rituals is to keep away evil spirits by purification, prayers and offerings to the kami.
B. DEVELOP

a. A Shinto shrine is a structure whose main purpose is to house one or more kami. Its most
important building is used for the safekeeping of sacred objects and not for worship
b. Nooooo………
c. Shinto Shrines. Shinto shrines (神社, jinja) are places of worship and the dwellings of the kami,
the Shinto "gods". People visit shrines in order to pay respect to the kami or to pray for good
fortune. Shinto is an optimistic faith, as humans are thought to be fundamentally good, and evil is
believed to be caused by evil spirits. Consequently, the purpose of most Shinto rituals is to keep
away evil spirits by purification, prayers and offerings to the kami.17 May 2020
1. Because ritual rather than belief is at the heart of Shinto, Japanese people don't usually think
of Shinto specifically as a religion - it's simply an aspect of Japanese life. This has enabled Shinto to
coexist happily with Buddhism for centuries.
2. Shinto gods" are called kami. They are sacred spirits which take the form of things and concepts
important to life, such as wind, rain, mountains, trees, rivers and fertility. ... The kami of
extraordinary people are even enshrined at some shrines.
3. The purpose of most Shinto rituals is to keep away evil spirits by purification, prayers and offerings
to the kami. Shinto shrines are the places of worship and the homes of kami. Most shrines celebrate
festivals (matsuri) regularly in order to show the kami the outside world.
GUIDE QUESTIONS!
1. Shinto ethics start from the basic idea that human beings are good, and that the world is good. Evil
enters the world from outside, brought by evil spirits. These affect human beings in a similar way to
disease, and reduce their ability to resist temptation
2. Purity is essential in Shinto, and it is the foundation for the understanding of good and evil. Shinto
has no concept of original since, and it is believed that humans are born pure. It only happens that as
humans grow, they encounter so many people, events, and places that they gather impurities in forms
of diseases and tragedies. In Shinto, even external factors, such as natural hazards, are considered
sin, but not since made by people. These are sins that builds a barrier between the people and the
Shinto Kami (deity or god). Anything that could corrupt our mind and body is considered a sin or an
impurity. Such impurities are called tsumi. It is therefore necessary to purify oneself regularly to
become closer to the kami. The purification rituals are called Harae and the process commonly uses
salt and water: Temizu is the washing of the hands and mouth; Onusa is when a Shinto priest shakes
or waves a hand of something or someone being purified; Misogi Shohu is the purification of the
body through bathing with water from a natural source; Shubatsu is the use of salt in front of
restaurants to ward of evil spirits. There are also the Nagoshi-no-Oharahi Taisai (Great Mid-Year
Purification) and Oharahishiki (Great Day of Purifying the Root of Misfortune) which are
purification of the many inside Shinto shrines. Other Shintoism facts would include Kojiki or
'Records of Ancient Matters' and the Nihon-gi or 'Chronicles of Japan', which are the two Shintoism
holy books both of which compiles ancient myths and traditional teachings passed down orally. Also,
the Shinto afterlife is believed to be dark.
7. The essence of Shinto is the Japanese devotion to invisible spiritual beings and powers called kami, to
shrines, and to various rituals. Shinto is a very local religion, in which devotees are likely to be concerned
with their local shrine rather than the religion as a whole.
SHINTO SECTS!
Shrine Shintō
sect Shintō
Folk Shintō.
11.Shinto/Shintoism is Japan's ancient religion. It is a polytheistic belief that expresses love

and respect for nature. Shinto religion is the idea that everything possesses a spiritual/energy
called "kami", like people, rivers, places, animals are said to have kami inside. Shintoist
worship "kami". Kami is a general term for Shinto deities and spirits. Kami can be forces of
nature, important people, or even natural objects.
The Four Affirmations of Shinto
1. Tradition and Family
2. Love of Nature
3. Physical cleanliness
4. Matsuri ( worship given to the kami)
ASSESSMENT!
A.
1:T
2:T
3:F
4:T
5:F
6:T
7:T
8:T
9:T
10:F
REFLECTION AND UNDERSTANDING
1. Taoism or Daoism is a type of belief, or a way of thinking about life. ... The very
first line of the Dào Dé Jīng (道德经), the most important text in Taoism, says "the
Way that can be explained in words is not the true Way." There are many other
sacred writings by the teachers of Taoism.
2. In Daoism, everything is composed of two opposite forces known as Yin and

Yang. The two forces are in constant struggle within everything. When they reach
harmony, the energy of life is created. Someone who understands this point will
not exploit nature, but will treat it well and learn from it.
LESSON 15
1. MOTIVATIONAL ACTIVITY!
2. A. Christianity has the most followers worldwide. It has 2.4 billion adherents and a
followers percentage worldwide of 33%
Symbol of Confucianism
Symbol of Daoism
Symbol of Shinto
1. Daoic religions, also called East Asian religions, is a category of religions which
includes all those which accept the concept of the Dao. This category
includes Confucianism, Daoism, and Shintoism, because all three embrace the notion
of the Dao, although they each understand it differently.
2. Here are the differences between the three Daoic Religions:
CONFUCIANISM
•It is a complex school of thought from a principle of a Chinese Philosopher
Confucius
•Its main idea is based on righteousness, propriety/etiquette, loyalty, and filial piety
and strict adherence to the social roles being set.
•Its concept is based from the five-main relationships which according to Confucius is
the core of society. They are the following relationship: ruler-subject, father-son,
husband-wife, elder brother-younger brother, and friend-friend. In this relationship,
the latter has to serve the former while the former needs to take care of the latter.
•Moreover, its idea circles on loyalty and righteousness
TAOISM
•It is centered on the thought that living with happiness is normal but it should be
lived with balance and virtue
•Its teaching are based on the thinking of Laozi and Zuangzhi
•Its key concept is immortality along with a stress on balance of nature.
•It further believes on the interdependence between things.
•There must be a balance in everything
BUDDHISM
•Its belief system centers on karma, reincarnation, and impermanence.
•This is based from the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama
•It believes that Nirvana or the state of perfect happiness can be achieved if we break
away from any material attachments.
•According to this teaching, Meditation is the best way to help them become positive
and peaceful while working on solutions to problems

GUIDE QUESTIONS!
1.In this sense, Confucianism and Daoism both clearly have religious elements,
though the role these aspects take and how they are valued differ between them.
Shinto is an eclectic religion. ... The religion is a highly ritualized one. The rituals
are similar to Daoism, in that they aim to invite spirits or dispel them.
2.Confucianism, Taoism, and Shintoism are considered as East Asian religions. That
is, all of them have their palpable impact in the region called East Asia (China,
Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau).
Basically, these three religions underscore living in harmony with nature and
fellow humans. They basically teach fillial piety and righteousness as key values
that we should possess.
The predominant similarity or relation among Confucianism, Taoism, and
Shintoism is how they have interweaved with the East Asian cultures, which also
explains their continued existence in the region. This is a testament to their
germaneness and their role in the cultures of the nations where they survive.
3.Judaism or Christianity.
CONFUCIANISM
Religion- also known as ruism,is a system of thought and behavior originating in
ancient China.
Symbol/s- confucianism's main goal is to produce harmony.This symbol is the water
symbol that represents calmness and serenity.
Population- today,there are over 6million people who follow Confucianism.
Believer- confucianism believes in ancestor worship and human-centered virtues for
living a peaceful life.
Sacred Text- analects,the book is based on his sayings and captures what confucianism
is supposed to be about.
Relevant Figures- confucius,also known as Master Kong.Mencius is one of confucius
disciple.Xunzi is also a disciple of confucius.
DAOISM/TAOISM
Religion- is an ancient chinese philosophy and religion that instructs believers in how
to exist in harmony with the universe.
Symbol/s- yin-yang symbol, represents how nothing is completely yin or yang and are
interdependent on each other,such as,night and day or life and death.
Population- there are over 12million people are Taoists.
Believer- Taoists believe in spiritual immortality,where the spirit of the body joins the
universe after death.
Sacred Text- tao-te ching and chuang-tzu,these texts give the modern world a glimpse
into the ancient taoist beliefs concerning the nature of the universe and the life of man.
Relevant Figures- lao tzu(laozi) is traditionally described as the founder of taoism.The
other main figure of taoism is chuang tzu(zhuangzi).
SHINTOISM
Religion- also known as kami-no-michi,is a religion which originated in Japan.
Symbol/s- torii gate, religious symbol, mark the entrance to sacred space.Representing
the transition between the finite world and the infinite world of the gods.
Population- there are over 104million people who follow shintoism.
Believer- shinto rituals is to keep away evil spirits by purification, prayers and
offerings to the kami.
Sacred Text- norito or kojiki, which is a book of prayers or holy book that writes about
various religion traditions considered sacred.
Relevant Figures- the sun goddess amaterasu is considered shinto's most important
kami.In contrast to many monotheistic religions,there are no absolutes in Shinto.
ASSESSMENT!
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE
6. TRUE
7. FALSE
8. FALSE
9. FALSE
10.FALSE
B.
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. J
5. B
6. G
7. F
8. E
9. H
10. I

C.
CONFUCIANISM
Religion- also known as ruism,is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient
China.
Symbol/s- confucianism's main goal is to produce harmony.This symbol is the water symbol
that represents calmness and serenity.
Population- today,there are over 6million people who follow Confucianism.
Believer- confucianism believes in ancestor worship and human-centered virtues for living a
peaceful life.
Sacred Text- analects,the book is based on his sayings and captures what confucianism is
supposed to be about.
Relevant Figures- confucius,also known as Master Kong.Mencius is one of confucius
disciple.Xunzi is also a disciple of confucius.
DAOISM/TAOISM
Religion- is an ancient chinese philosophy and religion that instructs believers in how to
exist in harmony with the universe.
Symbol/s- yin-yang symbol, represents how nothing is completely yin or yang and are
interdependent on each other,such as,night and day or life and death.
Population- there are over 12million people are Taoists.
Believer- Taoists believe in spiritual immortality,where the spirit of the body joins the
universe after death.
Sacred Text- tao-te ching and chuang-tzu,these texts give the modern world a glimpse into
the ancient taoist beliefs concerning the nature of the universe and the life of man.
Relevant Figures- lao tzu(laozi) is traditionally described as the founder of taoism.The other
main figure of taoism is chuang tzu(zhuangzi).
SHINTOISM
Religion- also known as kami-no-michi,is a religion which originated in Japan.

Symbol/s- torii gate, religious symbol, mark the entrance to sacred space.Representing the
transition between the finite world and the infinite world of the gods.
Population- there are over 104million people who follow shintoism.
Believer- shinto rituals is to keep away evil spirits by purification, prayers and offerings to
the kami.
Sacred Text- norito or kojiki, which is a book of prayers or holy book that writes about
various religion traditions considered sacred.
Relevant Figures- the sun goddess amaterasu is considered shinto's most important kami.In
contrast to many monotheistic religions,there are no absolutes in Shinto.

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INTRODUCTION TO WORLD RELIDGIOS AND BELIEF SYSTEM

TARAYA, KYLA MARIE BARDILLON

GRADE – 11 ILOILO – HUMSS

E. A SHORT SKIT ON THE LIFE STORY OF SIDDHARTA AND GAUTAMA

F. Four end of the human person