Brain Tumour Detection and Classification using Machine Learning
Approach
ABSTRACT
Brain tumour is defined as a
development or swelling of
abnormal cells inside human
brain. These extra cells
frequently produce a growth
or tumor, which is a mass of
tissue. Computer-aided
diagnosis- based methods
have lately claimed to use
MRI to diagnose brain
tumours as an assistive tool.
Recent applications of pre-
trained models, which are
different from natural and
medical images, typically
extract information from
bottom layers. Deep neural
network (DNN) utilisation is
one of the most beneficial
and important methods. For
treatment, Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI)
pictures must be identified,
segmented, and extracted.
Brain tumor happens when
there is rapid and
uncontrolled growth of cells.
It can result in death if it is
not addressed in the
beginning stages. This field
has various difficulties, such
as precise segmentation
and classification. We have
studied publications that
discuss the anatomy of brain
tumours, publically
accessible datasets,
augmentation methods,
segmentation, feature
extraction, classification,
deep learning, transfer
learning, and quantum
machine learning for the
study of brain tumours.
Because of the differences
in tumour location, shape,
and size, detecting brain
SUPERVISOR
Ms Vibha Pratap
Assistant Professor
Computer Science
Isha Gupta(00801012019), Divya Chahal(04501012019), Haripriya Bhargav(04601012019), Shweta Kumari(04901012019)
Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women
INTRODUCTION
The enlargement of cells in a tissue
caused by indefinite increase in the new
cells and non dying of old cells is called a
tumour. Since there is a lot of disparity in
the shape, location, size, type of brain
tumour, it is very difficult to analyze them
for further classification. In its initial phase
of development, the tumour diagnosis is
very challenging as the medical images
have low resolution which adds to the
difficulties of investigating the tumour size
from the affected areas. To give the
patients of brain tumour a good treatment,
early detection of tumour cells is essential
as the treatment process is immensely
associated with its timely diagnosis along
with accurate classification.
Machine learning is a sub domain of
artificial intelligence where it deals with
the development and analysis of systems
which can grasp data, and uses a variety
of feature sets for their learning to predict
the amount of malignancy. Basically
machine learning tries to impersonate
intelligent human behaviour. It is based on
a five-step procedure through which it
builds a model by learning about it through
its training. It includes the following stages
PROPOSED SOLUTION
We would design our model according to
the above steps and methodology.
First we will get the input images of brain
tumor from the dataset and then
preprocessing steps would be applied on
them, which would help to markdown the
usable areas in the image dataset. Then
the image resolution enhancement
techniques would be applied, as a part of
preprocessing step. Next step would be to
do the pixel based segmentation on the
updated image results and feature
selection would be done. After that
classification would be done using the
Convolution Neural Network (CNN)
technique. Then the model would be
trained, validated and tested for reaching
to prediction step. Last step would be to
evaluate the model on different
parameters to find out results of model
accuracy.
IMPLEMENTATION
A particular kind of DNN known as the
CNN has a structure that is based on the
biology of the vision cortex of a cat. The
CNN has multiple layers and a
hierarchical structure. Convolutional
layers , pooling layers , normalization
layers , and Fully Connected layers are
also part of the CNN .
Using the train_test_split function from the
scikit-learn package, our code first loads
the BRATS dataset before preprocessing
it by normalising the pixel values and
dividing it into training and testing sets.
The pre-trained ESRGAN model is then
loaded and used to create high-resolution
pictures from the training and testing sets'
low-resolution images. Before running the
ESRGAN model, we enlarge the low-
resolution photos to 128x128 pixels, and
we subsequently resize the high-
resolution images to 256x256 pixels.
The high-resolution pictures are then
reshaped in order to create the CNN
model for brain tumour segmentation and
add the channel dimension. The
binary_crossentropy loss function and
Adam optimizer are used in the model's
compilation.
Finally, we use the high-resolution photos
to train the model.
RESULTS
CONCLUSION
The tenth leading cause of mortality in India is
a brain tumor. In India, there have been more
than 28000 cases of this illness reported. The
second most frequent type of cancer in
children is a brain tumor. Research in the
formation of a system for the prediction and
detection of brain tumors is the major goal of
this study. The study examines a list of
variables that are dangerous and are being
identified by brain tumor imaging technologies.
The suggested approach promises to be
extremely effective and targeted for locating,
classifying, and segmenting brain tumors. This
study shows that preprocessing produces
output that is significantly more precise and
lucid than results that were calculated by
hand.
Although tumor segmentation techniques have
demonstrated significant promise in the
analysis and detection of tumors in MR
images, much work needs to be done before
the tumor region can be reliably identified and
segmented. In classifying unhealthy and
healthy photos and detecting frameworks of
tumor locations, the current study has
difficulties and has limitations.
REFERENCES
[1] N. Noreen, S. Palaniappan, A. Qayyum, I.
Ahmad, M. Imran, and M. Shoaib, A Deep
Learning Model Based on Concatenation
Approach for the Diagnosis of Brain Tumor |
IEEE Journals & Magazine | IEEE Xplore, vol.
8, 2020.
[2] A. Rehman, S. Naz, M. I. Razzak, F. Akram,
and M. Imran, A Deep Learning-Based
Framework for Automatic Brain Tumors
Classification Using Transfer Learning |
SpringerLink, Circuits, Syst., Signal Process.,
vol. 39, Sep. 2019.
[3] S. Deepak and P. M. Ameer, ‘‘Brain tumor
classification using deep CNN features via
transfer learning | Computers in Biology and
Medicine (acm.org)” vol. 111, Aug. 2019, Art.
no. 103345.