Sheet (8)

Chapter (7&8)

1. A steam turbine operates adiabatically at a power level of 3500 kW. Steam enters the
turbine at 2400 kPa and (500°C) and exhausts from the turbine as saturated vapour at 20
kPa. What is the steam rate through the turbine, and what is the turbine efficiency?

2. Air expands adiabatically through a nozzle from a negligible initial velocity to a f inal
velocity of 325 m s-1 . What is the temperature drop of the air, if air is assumed to be an
ideal gas for which Cp = (7/2)R?

3. Steam enters a nozzle at 800 kPa and (280°C) at negligible velocity and discharges
at a pressure of 525 kPa. Assuming isentropic expansion of the steam in the nozzle, what
is the exit velocity and what is the cross-sectional area at the nozzle exit for a flow rate of
0.75 kg s-1?

4. Steam expands adiabatically in a nozzle from inlet conditions of 130 (psia), 420 °F and
a velocity of 230(ft)(s)-1 to a discharge pressure of 35 (psia) where its velocity is 2
(ft)(s)-1 . What is the state of the steam at the nozzle exit, and what is 𝑆̇ 𝐺for the process?

5. Saturated steam at 125 kPa is compressed adiabatically in a centrifugal compressor to

700 kPa at the rate of 2.5 kg s-'. The compressor efficiency is 78%. What is the power
requirement of the compressor and what are the enthalpy and entropy of the steam in its
final state?

6. Tests on an adiabatic gas compressor yield values for inlet conditions (T1, P1) and
outlet conditions (T2, P2). Assuming ideal gases with constant heat capacities, determine
the compressor efficiency for one of the following:

7. A pump operates adiabatically with liquid water entering at T l and P1 with a mass flow
rate m. The discharge pressure is P2, and the pump efficiency is 𝜂. For one of the
following sets of operating conditions, determine the power requirement of the pump and
the temperature of the water discharged from the pump.
8. A Carnot engine with H 2O as the working fluid operates on the cycle shown in Fig.
The H2O circulation rate is 1 kg s -1. For TH = 475 K and TC = 300 K, determine:

(a) The pressures at states 1, 2, 3, and 4.

(b) The quality xu at states 3 and 4.
(c) The rate of heat addition.
(d) The rate of heat rejection.
(e) The mechanical power for each of the four steps.
(f) The thermal efficiency 𝜂. of the cycle.

9. A steam power plant operates on the cycle of Fig. 8.4. For one of the following sets of
operating conditions, determine the steam rate, the heat-transfer rates in the boiler and
condenser, and the thermal efficiency of the plant.

10. Steam enters the turbine of a power plant operating on the Rankine cycle (Fig. 8.3) at
(600°C) and exhausts at 30 Kpa. To show the effect of boiler pressure on the performance
of the cycle, calculate the thermal efficiency of the cycle and the quality of t he exhaust
steam from the turbine for boiler pressures of 5000,7500, and 10 000 kPa.

11. A steam power plant operating on a regenerative cycle, as illustrated in Fig. 8.5,
includes two feedwater heaters. Steam enters the turbine at 6500 kPa and 873.15 K
(600°C) and exhausts at 20 kPa. Steam for the feedwater heaters is extracted from the
turbine at pressures such that the feedwater is heated to 463.15 K (190°C) in two equal
increments of temperature rise, with 5 K (5°C) approaches to the steam -condensation
temperature in each feedwater heater. If the turbine and pump efficiencies are both 0.80,
what is the thermal efficiency of the cycle and what fraction of the steam entering the
turbine is extracted for each feedwater heater?