MAHARASHTRA STATE

BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Certificate
This is to certify that Roll no. ( 5 & 22 )of 5TH Semester of Diploma in Civil
engineering Department of Institute, P.C.POLYTECHNIC (Code: 0056) has
completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in Subject -EAC for the academic
year 2023- 2024as prescribed in the curriculum.
Place: Akurdi.

Date :

Subject Teacher Head of the Department

Mr. P. P. Jadhav Mrs. A. A. Avasthi
 PART A – Micro –project proposal
FOR 5th. Semester
Study of various items of work for residential and public
building

1. Rational

it is required to know the probable cost of a construction known as estimation and costing

for all engineering works. If it is seen that the estimated cost is greater than the money

available then attempts are made to reduce the cost by reducing the work or by changing

the specification. In this paper, estimation and costing was done for a 7 storied residential

building in Dhaka city using BNBC 1993. The rates in the estimation provided for the

complete work consist of the cost of materials, cost of transport, cost of labor, cost of

scaffolding, cost of tools and paints, cost of establishment and supervision and reasonable

profit of contractor etc. In Bangladesh, the general practice of estimating and costing is

done by manually and due to improper way of the process, several mistakes remain in

costing, therefore the proper forecasting cannot be done.

2. Literature Review

Various scholars “have tried to define the factors affecting construction cost factors (CCFs)

of project for a long time. Lists of variables have been prospered in the literature; anyhow

no common promise can be made. The objective of this paper is on the way to develop a

theoretical framework on factors governing CCFs of residential construction project works

in major cite of the Gujarat. Various journals in the construction field are selected to review

the previous works on construction project. Nine key groups of autonomous variables,

namely cost-related factors, Management, “Financial, Time, Governmental and Political,

Material and Equipment, Labour, Technological and Productivity, Quality Factors,

 Environmental Factors are identified as key factors for project cost. Also In selection of

factors, other local factors have been added as recommended by native professionals.

3.0. Proposed Methodology

In the last ten years, the development and implementation of measures to

mitigate climate change have become of major importance. In Europe, the residential

sector accounts for 27% of the final energy consumption, and therefore contributes

significantly to CO2 emissions. Roadmaps towards energy-efficient buildings have

been proposed In such a context, the detailed characterization of residential building

stocks in terms of age, type of construction, insulation level, energy vector, and of

evolution prospects appears to be a useful contribution to the assessment of the

impact of implementation of energy policies. In this work, a methodology to develop

a tree-structure characterizing a residential building stock is presented in the frame

of a bottom-up approach that aims to model and simulate domestic energy use. The

methodology is applied to the Belgian case for the current situation and up to 2030

horizon. The potential applications of the developed tool are outlined.

4.0. Intended course outcome

Coa. Select the modes of measurements for different items of works.

Coc. Prepare detailed estimate of a civil engineering works.

3. Resources Required

Sr.no. Names of Specification Qty Remarks

resources/material
 A. https://6 BASIC STEPS
COMPRISING WBM
ROAD CONSTRUCTION
PROCEDURE -
CivilBlog.Org

B. Estimating and Costing For by Kiran H 1

MSBTE Diploma Sem 5 Ghorpade (A
Civil uthor), Permi
ndur
Singh (Autho
r), Dakhore
Narayan (Aut
hor)

C. Estimating and Costing in by BN 1

Civil Engineering (Theory Dutta (Autho
and Practice) r)

4. Action Plane

Sr.No. Details of Plan start Planned Name Of

Activity date finish Date responsibale team
members
1 Discussion of 17. 8. 21 24.8.21 All members
topic
2 Distribution 24.8.21 31.8.21 All members
of topic
3 Information 1.9.21 8.9.21 All members
collection
4. Information 8.9.21 15.9.21 All members
collection
5. Finalizing 15.9.21 22.9.21 All members
data
6. Finalizing 15.9.21 22.9.21 All members
data
7. Making of 29.9.21 5.11.21 All members
clinometer.
8. Making of 5.11.21 12.11.21 All members
micro project
9. Making part 12.11.21 19.11.21 All members
A
10. Making of 19.11.21 26.11.21 All members
part A
11. Making part 26.11.21 3.11.21 All members
B
12. Making of 3.12.21 10.12.21 All members
part B
13. Finalizing 10.12.21 17.12.21 All members
project
14. Finalizing 17.12.21 24.12.21 All members
project
15. Orals 24.12.21 29.12.21 All members
16. Submission 29.12.21 29.12.21 All members
of project
 B – PART Micro –project proposal

FOR 5th Semester

Study of various items of work for residential and public

building

1. Rationale

it is required to know the probable cost of a construction known as estimation and costing

for all engineering works. If it is seen that the estimated cost is greater than the money

available then attempts are made to reduce the cost by reducing the work or by changing

the specification. In this paper, estimation and costing was done for a 7 storied residential

building in Dhaka city using BNBC 1993. The rates in the estimation provided for the

complete work consist of the cost of materials, cost of transport, cost of labor, cost of

scaffolding, cost of tools and paints, cost of establishment and supervision and reasonable

profit of contractor etc. In Bangladesh, the general practice of estimating and costing is

done by manually and due to improper way of the process, several mistakes remain in

costing, therefore the proper forecasting cannot be done.

 2. Course Outcomes Achieved

Coa. Select the modes of measurements for different items of works.

Coc. Prepare detailed estimate of a civil engineering works.

3. Literature Review
Various scholars “have tried to define the factors affecting construction cost factors (CCFs)

of project for a long time. Lists of variables have been prospered in the literature; anyhow

no common promise can be made. The objective of this paper is on the way to develop a

theoretical framework on factors governing CCFs of residential construction project works

in major cite of the Gujarat. Various journals in the construction field are selected to review

the previous works on construction project. Nine key groups of autonomous variables,

namely cost-related factors, Management, “Financial, Time, Governmental and Political,

Material and Equipment, Labour, Technological and Productivity, Quality Factors,

Environmental Factors are identified as key factors for project cost. Also In selection of

factors, other local factors have been added as recommended by native professionals.

4. Actual Methodology

In the last ten years, the development and implementation of measures to

mitigate climate change have become of major importance. In Europe, the residential

sector accounts for 27% of the final energy consumption, and therefore contributes

significantly to CO2 emissions. Roadmaps towards energy-efficient buildings have

been proposed. In such a context, the detailed characterization of residential building

stocks in terms of age, type of construction, insulation level, energy vector, and of
 evolution prospects appears to be a useful contribution to the assessment of the

impact of implementation of energy policies. In this work, a methodology to develop

a tree-structure characterizing a residential building stock is presented in the frame

of a bottom-up approach that aims to model and simulate domestic energy use. The

methodology is applied to the Belgian case for the current situation and up to 2030

horizon. The potential applications of the developed tool are outlined.

5. Actual Resources Used

Sr.no. Names of Specification Qty Remarks

resources/material
A. https://6 BASIC STEPS
COMPRISING WBM
ROAD CONSTRUCTION
PROCEDURE -
CivilBlog.Org

B. Estimating and Costing For by Kiran H 1

MSBTE Diploma Sem 5 Ghorpade (A
Civil uthor), Permi
ndur
Singh (Autho
r), Dakhore
Narayan (Aut
hor)

C. Estimating and Costing in by BN 1

Civil Engineering (Theory Dutta (Autho
and Practice) r)

6. Outputs of the Micro – Project

The development of any country depends on the infrastructural facilities

available therein. Good road network facilities plays major role here. The developed
 countries have good road infrastructure not because of the fact that they are wealthy;

instead they become developed because of good road infrastructure. Realizing this fact

an ambitious and biggest ever infrastructure development project in India (expected

cost of $26 billion) named as Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna (PMGSY) under

ministry of Rural Development was conceptualized and launched on 25th December,

2000. The objective was to provide basic access by way of all weather roads to the all

habitations having population “250 or above in desert and tribal areas” and “500 or

above for the rest of habitations” by year 2007 in phased manner.

5. Skilled developed / learning outcomes of this Micro –Project

• Understand the role of private sector in infrastructure growth.

• Known stages of an infrastructure project Lifecycle

6. Applications of this micro project

• Nearly every facility is custom designed and constructed, and often requires
a long time to complete.
• Both the design and construction of a facility must satisfy the conditions
peculiar to a specific site.
• Because each project is site specific, its execution is influenced by natural,
social and other locational conditions such as weather, labor supply, local
building codes, etc.
• Since the service life of a facility is long, the anticipation of future
requirements is inherently difficult.
• Because of technological complexity and market demands, changes of
design plans during construction are not uncommon

9. Requirements of residential building

The ceiling height should be a minimum of 0.9 metres and maximum of 1.2 metres

above the road surface. Ventilation is must for the basement and could be in the form of
blowers, exhaust fans, air-conditioning, etc. Surface drainage should not enter the basement.

The basement's walls and floors must be water-proof.

Some more requirements are:

1. Strength and stability

2. Dimensional stability

3. Resistance to dampness

4. Resistance to fire

5. Heat insulation

6. Sound insulation

7. Protection against termite attack

8. Durability

9. Security against burglary

10. Lighting and ventilation

11. Comforts and convenience

12. Economy.

Types of Buildings
• Agricultural buildings
• Educational buildings
• Industrial building
• Commercial building
• Military building
• Parking structure and storage
• Religious building
• Transport building
Among this types of buildings industries commercial complexes schools college’s hospitals
auditoriums are public buildings.”The term ‘public building’ means any structure, including
exterior parts of such building, such as a porch, exterior platform or steps providing means of
ingress or egress, used in whole or in part as a place of resort, assemblage, lodging, trade,
traffic, occupancy, or use by the public or by 3 or more tenants.”
 .

Site selection criteria of Public Buildings

• Grouping: Buildings whose functions are related with each other that should located on

same site.

• Foreground: Building should have sufficient foreground for achieving better result.

• Parking space: The various PB such as town hall, hospitals have lot of crowding of peoples

due to which it is necessary study parking space around site for construction.

Classification of public buildings

• Dependent buildings: These buildings are those whose function are related to each other
such as civic centers art gallery.
• Independent buildings: These are the buildings which have to stand alone such as
monumental buildings.
• Institutional buildings: Specially consist of school colleges etc.
Principles of Design of Public Buildings
• Adequate sites
• Approaches
• Comprehensive study
• Business buildings
• Markets
• Shops
• Fire stations
Basic parts of public buildings
• Sanitary blocks
• Circulation
• Entrance or Reception
• Parking space, garages & cycle stands
• Watchmen’s room
• Public telephone
Sanitary block:
The sanitary block includes W.C, wash hand basins, urinals.The number required for each
building varies according to requirements. Such as,
Bathroom 1.2m*2.1m
1.5m*2.4m
WC 0.9m*1.2m
1m*1.2m
Urinals 0.9m*0.75m
Passage 0.9-1.5m wide
Circulation: Various units are joined together horizontally by passages, corridors, verandahs.
Passage/corridor: 1-2.5m Verandahs: 1.8-3.5m wide stair: 1.2m width
Lifts: Lifts are provided for quick and efficient vertical circulation. Types of lifts and no. of
lift depends upon the character of one building.Entrance & Reception: For every PB some
space is required for entrance it depends on no. of persons entering at one time general sizes
are 3m*6m, 3.5m*7m, 4m*5m and 8m*10m.
Parking space, Garages & Cycle stands: Open parking space is essential around any type of
building. The area required will depend upon the nature of building & no. of persons visiting
the building. For cars 20sqm/vehicle, motorcycles 3sqm/vehicle, cycles 1.2sqm/cycle area is
required.

PLANNING OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS

Never in the history of man, planning has been so much in forefront as it is today. Without
planning nothing succeeds. So we have defense planning at national level, regional planning,
urban and rural planning at the state level so on and so forth to family planning at domestic
level. Our india has so far already implemented its eleventh five year plan for the
development of country in all fields. Planning means pre-thing and pre-arranging things
before an event takes place so as to achieve good results in health, convenience, comfort and
happiness of all livings beings.
We know that schools, colleges ,banks, markets, library, hostels are the public buildings so
let us discuss the planning of these buildings respectively.
School
School is a place of learning. The national objective of education is to create conductive
environment in school where children are stimulated to go in search of knowledge and
develop their creative abilities. To achieve this, all concerned with education, have to play
their respective roles effectively. The classroom environment has a direct bearing on the
development of personality of children. Its shape, size, flexibility, intensity, ventilation and
adaptability to new teaching aids do influence pupils comprehension irrespective of the
teacher’s ability. Therefore proper planning of school building plays a vital role in imparting
meaningful education and in creating ideal teaching environment.
Site Selection
The school site is the first and foremost educational tool in providing quiet, healthy and
pleasant environment. Its size depends upon the requirement for different activities. The
school site be adequate enough to meet the future needs of the school, i.e., healthy facilities,
physical education requirements, community, cultural and recreational programs, teachers
houses with scope for future expansion. Recommended size of the sites for different
education programs are presented in table 1. Minimum open spaces around the school
buildings except for nursery level shall not be less than 6m wide according to NBC 2005.

School Building
Recommended Sizes of the Sites

No. Type of school Area in hectares

12 Rural primary school
3 Single teacher school up to 60 pupils 0.1to 0.12
 4 Two teachers school up to 100 pupils 0.2 to 0.30
Five teachers school up to 200 pupils 0.5 to 0.60
Community school complex 6

0.2/200 pupils
Urban primary school
1 Residential density 0.4/400 pupils
500 persons/hectare 0.5/600 pupils
0.4/200 pupils
0.7/400 pupils
2 Residential density 0.9/600 pupils
250 to 375 person/hectare 2/840 pupils

3 Higher secondary school

The following essential conditions are to be satisfied for the site selection of any school:
1. The surroundings must be quiet, calm, peaceful, gleeful and cheerful with adequate natural
breeze and sunlight.
2. It should be away from dust and busy traffic and from ghastly as those of cemeteries and
slaughter houses.
3. The site should be gently sloping and well drained.
4. The site should be at a minimum distance of 300 m from continuous source of sound as a
workshop if no obstruction exists in between.
Principles of planning
1. Built in area of a school should not exceed 25% of the site area. The remaining 75% of
land is to be used for sports fields and gardens.
2. It should be single storeyed, double storeyed and rarely storeyed.
3. Minimum plinth height of any building should be 750 mm.
Components of school
The school building mainly comprises of
(i) Class rooms
(ii) Laboratories, drawing halls, library, auditorium, gymnasium
(iii) Administrative area, staff rooms
(iv) Play fields, assembly
Design of a class room
With the rapid advancement in teaching technics, education in primary schools and secondary
schools is being reoriented to meet the ever growing needs of the day. In recent years
education policy emphasizes to educate children through activities related to life. A class
room should not be a mere enclosure of space but should meet the diverse needs of
multifarious activities of the students.
To arrive at a suitable size and shape of class room, the following factors should be taken into
consideration:
1. Basic dimensions of children and their space requirement.
2. Arrangement of furniture and equipment.
3. Number of students to be accommodated.
4. Type of activities to be carried out.
5. Diverse seating arrangements essential for these activities.
6. Comfortable angle of vision of the black board from any position in the class room.
The class room is to be designed at the rate of 0.9sq m per pupil of primary schools, 1.11sq m
per pupil of middle schools and the rate of 1.2sq m to 1.5sq m per pupil of secondary schools.
The width of a class room may be restricted to 6m for effective teaching. The length of a
class room should not be more than 9m. A minimum class room size of 6.1m*7.3m is
recommended for primary school, with furniture and 6.8m*7.3m for middle and higher
secondary schools with furniture.
Assembly or multipurpose room:
The purpose of this hall is for multifarious activities as:
1. For morning prayer
2. Indoor games
3. Drawing hall
4. Auditorium
5. Drawing hall

Educational buildings at baramati

It should have a minimum length of 20 m and minimum width of 9 m excluding the stage and
green room with toilet. A minimum head room of 6 m is required. Longitudinal slope may be
provided. Balconies are not desirable. Stage floor is to be kept 1.1 m above the floor level of
the first row of seats. Depth of the stage is 2.1 m to 2.4 m if only to be used for lectures. It
should be a minimum of 6 m when used for dances and dramas.
Hospital:
Hospital is place where people are treated for various diseases and also given advices for
healthy living. Human health and environmental hygiene are the two vital prerequisites for
the growth of strong and prosperous nation. While planning health buildings, factors as
psychology of patients, lighting, ventilation and acoustics, orientation and thermal comfort,
aesthetics and color scheme; circulation, entry and exit traffic flow control play a vital role.
The buildings for health may be classified as clinics, health centers, maternity homes, nursing
homes, general hospitals, super specialty hospitals etc. A dispensary is a small health center
where medicines are prescribed and given to the patients. A clinic is place for medical
examination and treatment. Private doctors have their own clinics. Primary health centers also
run by government. These are suitable for population of 800 to 1000.
Site selection for hospital:
1. General should be located centrally in a quiet place which is well connected by convenient
means of transport.
2. The infectious diseases like T.B. hospitals are located away from the city with convenient
means for transport. Generally these are established at a place, of healthy atmosphere, like a
hill station.
The size of a site for a hospital should be large enough to permit open planning which is
essential in tropical countries.
Planning: Hospitals essentially are divided into two main units:
1. Out-patient care
2. In-patient care
Further essential units are diagonals and treatment, administration, education and research. It
is desirable to design the hospital with horizontal spread type of two or three stories. The
vertical spread type of layout in the form of multi-storeyed buildings is really adopted except
in big cities in big cities where land cost is very high.
(i) Out-patient department
Out-patient department (OPD) provides consultation, investigation, diagnosis and treatment
for patients who require little or no recovery services and not admitted into the wards. It
consists of a spacious waiting hall, consulting rooms, dispensary, emergency section, office,
stores and sanitary units. Consulting rooms for medicine, surgical, E.N.T., Dentistry,
Gynecology, Pediatrics, Orthopedic, Psychiatrics, Family planning, Skin, Venereal diseases,
Urology and Radiology are required. Ophthalmic room requires a minimum length of 6.3 m
for eye testing and hence, a length of 7 m is required for it. The floor area of each consultant
is 10 sq. m. to 12 sq. m. Its entrance is designed to suit the disabled in wheel chair. The
waiting hall space is provided at the rate of 1.4 sq. m. per patient and is a minimum of 36 sq.
m. The area for emergency section and dispensary are 10 sq. m. to 15 sq. m. and 20 sq. m. to
30 sq. m respectively.
(ii) In-patient department (IPD)
It consists of all facilities required for treatment of patients admitted into wards. These are
wards, operating theaters, radiology department, pathology department, psychiatric
department, accident and emergency department, intensive care unit, pathology laboratory,
post modem rooms and mortuary.
Wards:
These are the specious halls in which patients are admitted by the advise of the doctors. The
following measures should be kept in mind while planning and design of wards.
1. Area of ward per bed is 8 to 10sq m. Number of beds to be provided per ward is 24to 30.
2. Maximum distance from bed to wc is 12 m and from working room of nurse to the farthest
bed is 20m.
3. Noise level should not be more than 40dB to 45dB during the day an35 to 40dB at night
times.
4. Circulation area is 25% to 40% of floor area and depends on ward layout.
5. Operation theatres:The size and equipment of operating theatres varies according to the
requirements of each hospital. It should have easy access from surgical and ophthalmic
wards. Area is generally 20sq m to 30sq m. Operating theatres have single corridor or double
corridor which are used for patients, and equipment. The width of corridor for patient trolleys
is 3m to 4m and other corridor is 1.5m.
6. Sanitary units:Sanitary unit should be provided on the scale recommended by the building
bye laws. According to NBC 2005, the following sanitary units to be provided for indoor and
outdoor patient wards.
Table:Sanitary and Water fittings for Hospitals

Unit For males and females

Water-closet 1 for every 8 beds or pats thereof
Ablution taps 1 in each water-closet
2 up to 30beds, add 1 for every additional 30 beds or
Wash basins
parts thereof
Bedpan washing sinks 1 for each wards
Cleaners sinks 1 for each ward
Kitchen sinks and dish washers 1 for each wards
Hospital building at baramati
Cinema Building:
A cinema building is used for cinematographic exhibition. In India the number of cinema
buildings is quite inadequate to meet the needs of public also many existing cinema buildings
do not have minimum basic requirements such as ventilation, clear audibility, fire safety,
sanitary units, lighting, well designed exists etc.
Site selection: The construction of cinema buildings is not allowed in residential areas and
streets of heavy traffic because these create problems to the public and also to the local
authorities. The following points should be kept in mind while selecting site for a cinema
building.
1. Site is easily accessible from all locations and approachable by local transport.
2. The area of the site should be sufficient to locate cinema building, drive ways, water
fountain, garden, car-parks and cycle stand. It should be a minimum of 0.2 to 0.4 hectares.
3. It should be at a minimum distance of 185 m from schools, hospitals and places of
worship.
According to building bye-laws, the minimum size of plot for cinema buildings used for
public entertainment with fixed seats shall be on the basis of the number of seats at the rate of
3sq m per seat. Open space at front shall not be less than 6m wide.
The cinema building may be divided into three parts:
1. Reception: Entrance, booking hall, office etc.
2. Auditorium
3. Stage
Auditorium:
Auditorium is an enclosure where people can assemble for watching a picture projected on a
screen through exhibition of cinematographic films. The size of the auditorium is decided by
the number of seats to be accommodated. The rates of tickets are different for different
positions of chair increases from the screen. The volume of auditorium is decided on the basis
of the sound that is generated in it. It is observed that auditoriums designed with the capacity
of 3.50 m cube to 4.20 m cube per person gives better acoustical performance. Floor area
should be a minimum of 0.6sq m to 0.9sq m per person. This includes the area of aisle,
gangways, stage etc. For cinema auditorium, ratio of height to width to length is taken as
1:2:3.
Screen system:
Cinema screen in past was fitted into adapted theatre. Now a days increased picture size
determines interior design. Traditional cinemas had small picture. The width of screen for it
is 7.5m whereas 3 projector original cinema system has 30.5m screen. This surpassed by new
single projector IMAX system with 70mm film used horizontally to enlarge frame size and
provide 36m picture, seating being placed close, screen preventing whole picture being seen
without both vertical and horizontal movement of head. The bottom of the screen above the
floor at the first row of seat is 2m.The screen and rows of seat are to be arranged such that the
horizontal vision is not greater than 12degree. The rear most row of seats should be at a
minimum horizontal distance of two times the width of the screen from the screen.
Projection room:
The projection room should be large enough to enable the operator to work freely at the film
projection and any other equipment. The projection room consist of two 35mm projectors, a
lantern for commercial and cinema advertisements and a record player. The line of projection
should not make an angle of less than 80 degrees with screen. In projection room,
considerable heat is generated by the arc-lamps of the projectors and hence, it should possess
excessive ventilation. Separate room should be provided for rewinding the films. Usually a
minimum of 16 to 20 sq m area is considered sufficient for a projection room.
Auditorium at baramati
Sanitary units:
According to NBC 2005 the following sanitary units should be provided for male and female
in cinema theatre see table no 4.
Table: Sanitary and Water fittings

No. Fitment Male Female

1 Water closet
1 per 100 persons up to 400 persons 3 per 100 persons up to 200 persons

2 Ablution taps 1 in each water closet 1 in each water closet

–
3 Urinals 1 for 250 persons 1 for every 200 persons

4 Wash basins 1 for 200 persons

1 per 100 person

Drinking water
5 1 per 100 person
taps

A Hostel:
A hostel is a building providing residential accommodation with or without food facility for a
selected group of people such as:
1. Students
2. Unmarried employees
3. Tourists
Students hostels are attached to the concerned school or college and are run by the respective
managements.
Students of kindergarten level of an elementary school to research scholars of an university
are to be provided with both residential accommodation and food facility in the hostel.
 Site selection:
1. Site should be neat pleasant less noisy
2. The site should be pollution free
3. Post telephone fax facilities should be available at the sit
4. Walking distance between the hostel and school or college should never exceed five to
seven minutes.
Main components
1. Main Entrance Hall: It is a spacious area incorporatingGeneral notice board, Notice board
containing the particulars of inmates
2. Warden office:Warden may be provided with separate residential accommodation close to
the hostel. Separate hostel office building may be provided in case of bigger hostel complex.
But in some cases as an isolated hostel building separate rooms for residential warden of
floor area not less than 20sq m , committee room of floor area not less than 30sq m. house
keeper of floor area not less than 10sq m are provided .
3.Residential Area:In a students hostel accommodation is to be provided for 210 days to 230
days in a year. The accommodation can be
1. Single seater rooms 10sq m to 15sq m
2. Double seater rooms 15sq m to 20sq m
3. Three seater rooms 20sq m to 25sq m
4. Four seater 25sq m to 36sq m
4. Dining Hall:It is either incorporated along with the residential rooms or separately
provided such that it involves not more than five minutes walk from the residential block.
Dining hall should be so designed such that it can accommodate 33% to 50% of strength of
the hostel at a time.The design value is 1.2sq m per resident of the hostel. Single table of 6
seater tables are provided with chairs. More than six per table may not be convenient for easy
serving and cleaning.
5. Kitchen:It should have a minimum area of 8sq m to 12sq m. It should be well ventilated
and provided with exhaust Fans to expel hot air and smoke. The windows and door shutters
are to be provided with flyproof meshes. It should be well illuminated both day and night.
The floor should be smooth, non-slippery, easily cleaned and non-absorbent. The walls
should be easily get cleaned as they easily get tarnished because of the smokes and fumes of
the kitchen.
6.Sanitary units :According to NBC 2005 the following sanitary units should be provided for
males and females.
Table: Sanitary and Water Fittings

Units Males Females

Water Closet 1 for every 8 persons 1 for every 6 persons
Ablution taps 1 in each water closet 1 in each water closet
Urinals 1 for every 25 persons –
Hostel Building at baramati
An Office Building:
The office work primarily involves handling information and making decisions based upon
information. This definition hides enormous variations in size of office organizations, office
technology and styles of management. Its range includes multi nationals which employ
thousands of people in only one of many buildings to a one man enterprises. Much of office
work is secondary but office also includes space for machinery, canteen, meetings, filling,
libraries and other ancilliary activities which may take up around 1/3 of space required by the
organization. The interfacing of various units of office and accommodation requirements are
given bellow.
Entrance: The size type and location of the entrance is dependent on whether the whole
building is to be occupied by one office, number of firms or whether the lower floors are
accommodating shops and stores and the upper floors are allotted for the office. For security
point of view in office building there is one entrance of 2m to 4m is provided.
Corridors:The main circulation corridors should be sufficient width and not less than 1.8m
and not more than 3m wide. A central corridor with rooms on either side is very economical.
Though, the central corridor system is economical, office rooms from sun, wind and rain. The
corridors should be well ventilated and lighted by natural or artificial means.
Storage: Filling cabinets are still predominant method of storing office papers, but many
other possibilities exist including suspended and lateral filling, which can be considerably
more efficient in space use. Microfilm can be used to reduce bulk of paper held in offices, but
it may not always be acceptable substitute because of complexity, cost, legal requirements to
preserve original copy.
Sanitary units:Sanitary blocks should be provided on every floor separately for either male
or female. For offices either w.c. toilets are attached to their rooms or placed in a separate
room. Sanitary units should be provided on the scale recommended by the building bye laws.
According to NBC2005 the following units should be provided for male and female.

Fig. 4.6 Office building

Table: Sanitary and Water Fittings

Units For male For Female

w.c. 1 for every 25 1 for every 15
Urinals 1 for 7to 20, 2for 21to 45 –
Wash basins 1 for every 25 persons Same
A Bank
Banks are of three categories: Savings banks, Commercial banks and Agricultural banks. The
savings banks in addition to savings account transaction, may provide its clients with lockers
in the safe deposits vault. Commercial banks in addition to saving accounts, cash credits,
collecting bills and cheque against receipts , shall be having transactions as advancing loan
against mortgages of the goods kept in the custody of the banks. Agricultural banks
additional to saving account transaction, shall be having loan sanction for agricultural
development. The operations of each are differentiated by law, but all are primarily
depositaries of the peoples money reinvested by the bank in the form of loans or by the
purchase of government or private companies bonds.
The banking space includes all areas common to the public and bank officials and employees.
Selection of Sites
The selection of a site for a bank depends of business. Saving banks are generally located in
residential suburban and rural areas. Commercial banks are located in a business locality,
where commercial forms conduct their business and carry on trade
Functional units
• Banking: The activity of banking needs areas for public space, working spaces for tellers
counter and officers platform. The size of public space will be decided by the volume of bank
business and the span of working hours. The public lounges may be provided with
accompanying toilet facilities for convenience of the customer. Writing desk of at least
600mm width and 450mm depth per person are to be provided.The basis for provision for
working space and public space may be adopted as 5sq m to 6.5sq m per counter window.
The length of counter is about 1.2m to 1.5m per clerk and height from the floor is usually
kept at 1.6m to 1.8m. Width of the cabinet or depth of the counter may be varying from 450
mm to 900 mm depending upon the requirement. The space below the counters can be used
for drawers or cabinets for keeping ledgers, pass-books, signature cards etc. The width of the
working space leaving 450 mm for chair varies from 1.2 m to 3 m according to the
requirement.
The officer’s platform is set apart from the public space by a minimum barrier of some sort,
such as change in level, of different floor material or covering, low rails, low partitions etc. It
should be near main entrance where officers can see the incoming customers. Senior officers
are placed in more remote parts of the platform for greater privacy. And area of 9.25 sq. m. to
11 sq. m. per officer is generally provided.
Various spacing standards for planning a new bank building are given below:
1. Entrance and moving space- 2m wide
2. Counter height- 1.6 m to 1.8 m
Counter width- 0.4 m to 0.8 m
3. Working space behind the counter- 3 m wide
4. Managers room- 10 m2 to 15 m2
5. Meeting hall- 20 m2 to 40 m2
6. Working space per clerk- 8 m2 to 10 m2

FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY

Fire Prevention Classification of Building Based on Occupancy
All buildings, whether existing or hereafter erected shall be classified according to the use or
the character of occupancy in one of the following groups:
Group A Residential
Group B Educational
Group C Institutional
Group D Assembly
Group E Business
Group F Mercantile
Group G Industrial
Group H Storage
Group J Hazardous
Group E Business Buildings
These shall include any building or part of a building which is used for transaction of
business (other than that covered by Group F and part of buildings covered for keeping of
accounts and records and similar purposes, professional establishments, service facilities, etc.
City halls, town halls, court houses and libraries shall be classified in this group so far as the
principal function of these is transaction of public business and keeping of books and records.
Business buildings shall be further sub-divided as follows:
E-1 Offices, banks, professional establishments, like offices of architects, engineers,
doctors, lawyers and police stations.
Fire Zones
The fire zones shall be made use of in land use development plan and shall be designated
as follows:
a) Fire Zone No. 1 — This shall comprise areas having residential (Group A), educational
(Group B), institutional (Group C), and assembly (Group D), small business (Subdivisions E-
1 ) and retail mercantile (Group F) buildings, or mess which are under development such
occupancies.
Restrictions on the Type of Construction for New Buildings
Buildings erected in Fire Zone No. 1 shall conform to construction of Type 1, 2, 3 or 4.
Openings in Separating Walls and Floors
At the time of designing openings in separating walls and floors, particular attention shall be
paid to all such factors as will limit fire spread through these openings and maintain fire
rating of the structural member. For Types 1 to 3 construction, a doorway or opening in a
separating wall on any floor shall be limited to 5.6 m2 in area with a maximum height /width
of 2.75 m. Every wall opening shall be protected with fire-resisting doors having the fire
rating of not less than 2 hr. All openings in the floors shall be protected by vertical enclosures
extending above and below such openings, the walls of such enclosures having a fire
resistance of not less than 2 h. Openings in walls or floors which are necessary to be provided
to allow passages of all building services like cables, electrical wirings, telephone cables,
plumbing pipes, etc, shall be protected by enclosure in the form of ducts/shafts having a fire
resistance not less than 2 h.
Vertical Opening
Every vertical opening between the floors of a building shall be suitably enclosed or
protected, as necessary, to provide the following:
a) Reasonable safety to the occupants while using the means of egress by preventing spread
of fire, smoke, or fumes through vertical openings from floor to floor to allow occupants to
complete their use of the means provide a clear height of 2 100 mm in the passage/escape
path of the occupants.
Fire Stop or Enclosure of Openings
Where openings are permitted, they shall not exceed three-fourths the area of the wall in the
case of an external wall and they shall be protected with fire resisting assemblies or
enclosures having a fire resistance equal to that of the wall or floor in which these are
situated.
Air-conditioning and Ventilation
Air-conditioning and ventilating systems shall be so installed and maintained as to minimize
the danger of spread of fire, smoke or fumes from one floor to other or from outside to any
occupied building Air-conditioning and ventilating systems circulating air to more than one
floor or fire areashall be provided with dampers designed to close automatically in case of
fire.
 Arrangement of Exits
Exits shall be so located that the travel, distance on the floor shall not exceed the distancen
given in Table. The travel distance to an exit from the dead end of a corridor shall not exceed
half the distance specified
Type of Construction
(Clauses 4.4.1,4.5.1 and 4.5.2)
S1 Group of Occupancy
Maximum Travel Distance
i) Mercantile 30m
All buildings, which are 15 m in height or above,and all buildings with any of the
occupancies,having area more than 500 sq.m. on each floor shall have a minimum of two
staircases.They shall be of enclosed type; at least one of them shall be on external walls of
buildings and shall open directly to the exterior, interior open space or to an open place of
safety.
Internal Staircases
Office Building Shall Have Staircase Width 1.5 M
The exit sign with arrow indicating the way to the escape route shall be provided at asuitable
height from the floor level on the wall and shall be illuminated by electric lightconnected to
corridor circuits.
Horizontal Exits
The width of horizontal exit shall be same as for the exit doorways.A horizontal exit shall be
equipped with at least one fire/smoke door of minimum 1 h fireresistance, of self-closing
type. Further, it is required to have direct connectivity to the fireescape staircase for
evacuation.
Refuge Area
For buildings more than 24 m in height, refuge area of 15 SQ.M. or an area equivalent to0.3
SQ.M.per person to accommodate the occupants of two consecutive floors, whicheveris
higher, shall be provided as under:
The refuge area shall be provided on the periphery of the floor or preferably on a
cantileverprojection and open to air at least on one side protected with suitable railings.

floors above 24 m and Up to 39 m —

One refuge area on the floor immediately above 24m.
For floors above 39 m —
One refuge area on the floor immediately above 39 m and so on after every 15 m. Refugearea
provided in excess of the requirements shall be counted towards FAR.
Fire Lifts
Where applicable, fire lifts shall be provided with a minimum capacity for 8 passengersand
fully automated with emergency switch on ground level. In general, buildings 15 m inheight
or above shall be provided with fire lifts.
Fire Detection and Warning
In buildings of such size, arrangement or occupancy where a fire may not itself
provideadequate warning to occupants, automatic fire detection and alarm facilities shall be
provided, where necessity, to warn occupants early of the existence of fire, so that theymay
escape, and to facilitate the orderly conduct of fire exit drills.
Fire Protection
Fire Extinguishers/Fixed Fire Fighting Installations
All buildings depending upon the occupancy use and height shall be protected by fire
extinguishers, wet riser, down-comer, automatic sprinkler installation, high/medium velocity
water spray, foam, gaseous or dry powder system in accordance with the provisions.
A micro project report is submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the
DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
AFFILIATED TO MSBTE

Under the guidance of: Mr. P. P. Jadhav

DEPARTMENTOF CIVIL ENGINEERING
PIMPRI CHINCHWAD POLYTECHNIC NIGADI, PUNE.
2023-24

Certificate of Completion of Micro project report

Teacher Evaluation Sheet :

Semester – V

Name of Student: _________________________Enrollment No: ________________________

Name of Program: _____________________ Semester: ________________________________
Course Title: ________________________Code:______________________________________ Title
of the Micro-Project: ________________________________________________________ Course
Outcomes Achieved:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Evaluation as per Suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro Project:

Sr.No. Characteristic to Poor Average Good Excellent Sub

be assessed (Marks 1-3) (Marks 4-5) (Marks 6-8) (Marks 9-10) total

1. Relevance to the
course
 2. Literature review/
inform action
collection

3. Completion of
data and
representation

4. Quality of
Prototype/Model

5. Quantity of
Prototype/Model

6. Report
Preparation

7. Presentation

8. Viva

Process Assessment and Individual presentation/viva Total Marks (10)

product (6marks) (04)

Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any):

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
________________

Any Other Comment:

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
____________

Name and designation of the Faculty: Prof.______________________________________________

Faculty Member Signature: __________________________________________________________