L.

D COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

A REPORT ON
CONSTRUCTION SITE VISIT

SUBJECT : CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

SUBMITTED TO: PROFESSOR PI MODI

Submitted by: ALONGU NYUTHE

ENROLLMENT NO. 210280106012
Semester 5
Division C
CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION
2. TYPES OF MATERIAL USED
3. MATERIAL STACKING
4. REINFORCEMENT DETAILING
5. FORMWORK
6. LAYING OF REINFORCEMENT CAGES
7. PROPORTION OF CONCRETE MIX
8. STRIPPING OF FORMWORK
9. TYPES OF EQUIPMENTS USED ON
CONSTRUCTION SITE
10. CONCRETE TESTING EQUIPMENT
11. CONCLUSION
Introduction
We visited an ongoing construction site on 27th
October,2023 and it was for the construction of a
New Building for Rubber Plastic and Chemical
Engineering Department at L.D. College of
Engineering, Ahmedabad.
The purpose of the visit was to investigate the
construction site and prepare a report covering the
various aspects such as type of construction,
materials and equipments used, etc.
BUILDING SITE:
Name of the Department: Navrangpura Roads and
Buildings Department
Name of Proprietor: Dipesh Construction Co., Anjar
Tender Amount: ₹23,03,89,164.36/-
Date of commencement of work: 13/06/2022
Date of Completion of work: 12/12/2023

SPECIFICATION OF WORK:
Basic P.C.C : M-150
Column to Plinth beam : M-300
Column, Beam, Slab above plinth : M-250
C.C. Road : M-250
Brick masonry : CM 1:6
TYPES OF MATERIALS USED:

1. Bricks: The bricks being used in

construction were a combination of 1st class,
2nd class and 3rd class bricks.

Fig. BRICKS

2. Mortar: Mortar may be defined as a

paste formed by mixing binding material, fine
aggregate and water in mixed proportions.
3. Cement: A cement is a binder, a chemical
substance used for construction that sets,
hardens, and adheres to other materials to
bind them together.
4. Aggregate: Aggregates are the inert
materials mixed with binding materials. At the
site we observed different types of aggregates
eg. coarse aggregate, sand and fine aggregate.

Fig. Fine aggregate Fig. Sand

Fig. Coarse aggregate

Material Stacking:

Practicing of safe stacking and racking avoids serious

injuries caused by stockpile collapses or by retrieving
materials from improperly collected stacks. Safe stacking
reduces injuries and fire ricks, enhancing the efficiency of
site paths of traffic.
The construction site has materials stacked for the
construction of an institutional building. The materials
include MONO and ET TMT 500D steel in various diameters
– 8mm, 10mm, 12mm,16mm, 20mm and 25mm.
Aggregates are stored at the site on a hard dry level patch
of ground. Bricks are staked in regular tiers as and when
they are unloaded to minimize breakage and defacement.
Bricks are placed close to the site of work so that least
effort is required to unload and transport the bricks
Reinforcement Detailing:

The Reinforced material used included 500D steel with

diameter of 25mm, 20mm and 8mm. Additionally
7950cc MONO TMT is part of the construction.
Formwork:

Formwork is a structure, usually temporary, used

to contain poured concrete and to mold it to the
required dimension and support itself.
On the construction site, the traditional way of
formwork was used. They are using timber as the
material for the formwork. It can be reused and
easy to work with hammer and nails. It has
cheaper production cost so that it is cheaper
compared to the other formwork.

Fig. Formwork
Laying of Reinforcement
Cage:
When the formwork is done, they start to put the
spacer block on the lean concrete. Spacer block is to
separate the reinforcement bars and lean concrete so
that the reinforcement bars will not lay directly on the
lean concrete. After that, they start to lay the
reinforcement bars. The arrangement of main and
transverse reinforcement bars which are technical
drawing are normally depicted by lines and dots
respectively are laid on the spacer block. Also, the bar-
bending will tie main and transverse reinforcement
bars before lower the whole thing into pit and
formwork. When the footing reinforcement bars are
done , they continue with column reinforcement bar.

Fig. Reinforcement Cage

Proportion Of Concrete Mix:
The ratio for concrete is ratio 1:2:4 (cement : sand :
aggregate).
Based on the information from the site visit, the
concrete they are using is Grade 30. They used
concrete on lean concrete and also for the foundation
after the formwork had build.

Stripping Of Formwork:
After the Formwork is set, it’s the time to remove the
formwork. The laborers remove the formwork by
removing the nails.

Fig. Stripping Of Formwork

TYPES OF EQUIPMENTS USED ON
CONSTRUCTION SITE:

1. RMC plant: Ready-mix concrete (RMC) is

concrete that is manufactured in a batch plant,
according to each specific job requirement, then
delivered to the job site “ready to use’’.

Fig. RMC Plant

2. Vibrator: A Vibrator is used to ensure proper

compaction of concrete and reduce voids.
3. Concrete pump: A concrete pump is a machine
used for transferring liquid concrete by pumping. There
are different types of concrete pumps. Based on the
information of the site “line pump” is used.

Fig. Concrete pump

4. Plate compactor: A plate compactor uses a large

steel plate to get rid of air pockets in various ground
materials and provide tighter compaction
5. Zoom pipe: A zoom pipe is a tool which is used for
precise concrete placement.

Fig. Zoom pipe

6. Cutting and Bending Machine: Cutting and

Bending machine are used for cutting and bending of
reinforcement bars to the required shape and size.

Fig. Cutting and Bending machine

Concrete Testing Equipment:
• Cube Mold: Cube molds are commonly used in
cement, mortar, grout and concrete compound
testing to examine the compressive strength of
various mixes. They work to prep sets of samples
before further analysis. Cube testing is both a
simple and accurate way to ensure cement
quality in the field and therefore important in
many areas of construction.
• Slump cone: Slump cone measures the
workability of a fresh concrete mix in accordance
with applicable ASTM and AASHTO standards.
The slump cone test is performed for acceptance
purpose, to record mixture characteristics, or as
an indirect method of determining the
water/cement ratio.
• Sieve analysis: A sieve analysis is a practice used
to assess the particle size distribution of a
granular material by allowing the material to
pass through a series of sieve of progressively
smaller mesh size and weighing the amount of
material that is stopped by each sieve as a
fraction of the whole mass.
Conclusion:

Overall it was a good experience to visit an ongoing

construction site in our college. Whatever we
learned from the site visit was approximately similar
to the theoretical knowledge. The experience we
received learning practically was exhilarating, a real
eye opener. We realised that working at a
construction site is much more difficult than we
thought it would be. There are a lot of risks involved
and the weather is usually hot, thus a series of
precautions must be taken to work in these type of
conditions.
The construction site visit revealed that the project
is progressing well, with appropriate material
stacking , reinforced detailing , concrete testing
equipment, and equipment for concrete placement.
Close monitoring and adherence to quality and
safety standards will ensure the successful
completion of the educational building.
We also observed that the workers were not taking
safety precautions such as using helmets and
protective covers. Also the construction of the
building may take more time than the proposed
completion date.