TITLE PAGE

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF HIV/AIDS MONITORING ALERT SYSTEM

BY

HAFSAT NUHU BULAMA

U/CS/18/941

A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE,

YOBE STATE UNIVERSITY, DAMATURU IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
SCIENCE (B. Sc. Hons.) IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

OCTOBER 2023

1
 DECLARATION

I, Hafsat Nuhu Bulama, hereby declare that this project titled “Design and Implementation Of
HIV/AIDS Monitoring Alert System” has been carried out by me under the supervision of Dr.
Adam Abdullahi Garba. It has not been presented for award of any degree in any institution. All
sources of information are specifically acknowledged by means of references.

……………………………………….. ……………………….

Signature Date

2
 CERTIFICATION

This project entitled “DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF HIV/AIDS MONITORING

ALERT SYSTEM” by (state the name of the author) meets the requirements governing the
award of the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and is approved for its
contribution to knowledge and literary presentation.

--------------------------------- -------------------------

Name of Supervisor Signature/Date

--------------------------------- -------------------------

Name of HOD Signature/Date

------------------------------------ -------------------------

Name of External Examiner Signature/Date

3
 DEDICATION

This project is dedicated to my parent, family, friends, colleagues and our love ones including

our course lecturers and all well wishers

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
4
My express my profound gratitude to the Almighty Allah who gave me the inspiration and
courage to successfully complete this section of my academic pursuit and as well this research
work.

Foremost, i’m especially indebted to my project supervisor Dr. Adamu Abdullahi Garba whose
Untiring effort and intellectual support has been a great impact to the success of this research
project, he has been a recognizable source of inspiration.

Worthy of thanks also to the staff and students of computer science department for the
immeasurable love they showered to me during this short period.

Also wish to thanks my late parents with their immense contribution of towards my school life
and this project my almighty Allah grant them Aljannaltul Firdausi (Amin)

Finally, i remain most grateful to Allah for his infinite mercies and protection.

ABSTRACT

5
The "Design and Implementation of HIV/AIDS Monitoring Alert System" represents a pivotal
endeavor in the realm of healthcare informatics. This comprehensive system has been
meticulously crafted to address the multifaceted challenges associated with HIV/AIDS care,
ensuring improved patient outcomes and efficient management. In an era marked by the
increasing complexity of healthcare data, the system takes a holistic approach, integrating
innovative technologies and robust methodologies. This research and development project delves
into the heart of healthcare informatics, meticulously crafting a system that combines data
collection, real-time monitoring, patient engagement, and alert generation. It leverages the
power of electronic health records and sophisticated data analytics to provide healthcare
providers with timely, accurate, and actionable information. Crucially, the system places a
strong emphasis on patient-centered care. Patients are empowered through user-friendly
interfaces, educational resources, and real-time communication with healthcare professionals.
The project recognizes the importance of addressing social and cultural factors, mitigating the
stigma often associated with HIV/AIDS, and fostering an environment of trust and cooperation.

TABLE OF CONTENT

6
Tittle page ………………………………………………………………………………………. I

Certification………………………………………………………………………………………II

Dedication……………………………………………………………………………………….III

Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………………V

Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………….IV

Table of Content………………………………………………………………………………...IIV

Contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................9
1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY..................................................................................................9
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS.......................................................................................10
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY.................................................................................................11
1.5 AIM..........................................................................................................................................11
1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY...................................................................................................12
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY..........................................................................................................12
1.6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY.............................................................................................12
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS.......................................................................................................12
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES
2.1 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................14
2.2 HEALTH SYSTEMS ASSESSMENT TERMINOLOGIES...........................................................14
2.3 HOW HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT WORK...................................................................15
2.4 GENERAL ISSUES..................................................................................................................16
2.5 HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT FLOWS............................................................................17
2.6 DIRECT DELIVERY MODEL FOR DISTRIBUTION...........................................................17
2.7 HEALTH CARE POLICY, LAWS, AND REGULATIONS..........................................................18
2.8 HEALTH CARE PROCUREMENT.........................................................................................19
2.9 JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE SYSTEM CONTROL....................20
2.11 DATABASE......................................................................................................................................21

7
CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................24
3.2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS.....................................................................................................................24
3.3 DETAILED DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM............................................................................24
3.4 INPUT DATA (SPECIFICATION)..............................................................................................25
3.6 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES.................................................................................28
3.6 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION............................................................................................28
3.8 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT..................................................................................................28
3.9 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT.........................................................................................................28
CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
4.0 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................30
4.1 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS..............................................................................................30
4.2 TRAINING AND RE-TRAINING OF STAFF...............................................................................32
4.3 MAINTENANCE DETAILS...........................................................................................................33
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................42
5.2 LESSON LEARNED.......................................................................................................................42
5.3 PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED........................................................................................................43
5.4 CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................43
5.5 RECOMMENDATION............................................................................................................44
REFERENCES......................................................................................................................................45

8
 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Health care is an aspect that plays a vital role in the successful achievement of health curriculums.
Health care work takes a succeeding step in managing its activities. Each step has a specified duration of
time and a mapped out work coed associated with it. The time stipulated to be utilized maximally to
enable you to cover the workload elaborately. It’s also, the maintenance or improvement of health via
the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, illness and other physical and mental impairments in
human being.

Monitoring is a regular observation and recording of activities taking place in a project or programme. It
is a process of routinely gathering information on all aspects of the project. Monitoring also involves
giving feedback about the progress of the project to the donors, implementers and beneficiaries of the
project

This monitoring system is a system designed to ease the regular observation and recording of activities
of HIV Aids patients. In a hospital, monitoring system it is necessary to constantly monitor the patient’s
physiological parameters. For example pregnant woman parameters such as blood pressure (BP) and
heart rate and movements of fetal to control their health condition, this project presents a monitoring
system that has the capability to monitor physiological parameters from multiple patient bodies of HIV
AIDS patients.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nigeria has one of the largest populations in Africa, and it is estimated to have a significant number of
people living with HIV/AIDS. The prevalence of HIV varies across different regions of the country,
with some areas experiencing higher rates than others.

HIV/AIDS is a serious global health issue, including in Nigeria. As of my last knowledge update in
September 2021. It's important for individuals in Nigeria who are concerned about HIV/AIDS to seek

9
information, get tested regularly, and, if diagnosed with HIV, to adhere to their treatment plan.
Additionally, practicing safe sex and taking precautions to prevent transmission is essential for both
individuals and communities.

For the most current and accurate information on HIV/AIDS in Nigeria, including treatment options and
support services, it is advisable to consult healthcare professionals, local health authorities, or reputable
organizations specializing in HIV/AIDS in Nigeria.

Management of health care is directly related to a country’s ability to address public health concerns.
Even so, many health systems and HIV AIDs monitoring Systems run into difficulty achieving their
goals because they have not addressed how the medicines essential to saving lives and improving health
will be managed, supplied, and used. Medicines can be expensive to purchase and distribute, but
shortages of essential medicines, improper use of medicines, and spending on unnecessary or low-
quality medicines also have a high cost of wasted resources and preventable illness and death.

Because medicines are so important and resources so limited; ways have been developed to improve the
supply and use of medicines while minimizing costs. So this software represents the whole set of
activities aimed at ensuring the timely availability and appropriate use of safe, effective quality
medicines and related products and services in any HIV AIDs setting.

The study adopted Potiskum General Hospital as a case study because of the growing number of the
patient and the management are finding it difficult to handle to the patient but with help of this program
both the patient and the management will find it easy to use.

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

HIV AIDs personnel right from the inception of their duties Operate their activities manually. All
forms of health management issues are done by human beings who facilitate their respective
functions by making use of locking the door or storing files in a locked filing cabinet or shelf. With
the increasing rate of Information System, which leads to the voluminous cabinet, safe workstations
containing the vital information, the above-described system as practiced has failed to meet the

10
requirement of patients

This HIV Aids monitoring issues provided by the computer operating system comes with a preset
super-user account and password. The super-user may have a password to control health care
network functionality, another to conduct or access nightly backups, create accounts and so on. For a
cracker, logging on to a system as the super-user is possibly the best way to collect data or do
damage. If the superuser has not changed an operating system’s monitoring system. System
passwords, the network is vulnerable to attack. Most crackers know these passwords and their first
attempt to break into the network is simply to try them. If an attacker cannot log on as the superuser,
the next best thing might be to figure out the username and password of a regular user. Sometimes
hackers and crackers log on before legitimate users.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

HIV AIDs monitoring System in these contemporary times is a dire must. For the proper guarantee
of human health record, it might be necessary to formulate a management scheme to monitor the in-
out stock of treatments not provided free health care services. Furthermore, it will serve as an aid to
problems which health institutions have faced in recent times. It will help in centralizations of
patient monitoring system as well as easing the risk of wrong treatment aids to patients.

Finally, it would be helpful in information availability. This means that the computing systems used
to store and process the HIV AIDs patient information, the security controls used to protect it, and
the communication channels used to access it must be functioning correctly. High availability
systems aim to remain available at all times, preventing service disruption due to power outages,
hardware failures, and system upgrades. Ensuring availability also involves preventing denial-of-
service attacks at all cost.

1.5 AIM

1. The aim of this project is to design and implementation of HIVS & AIDs monitoring alert
system

11
 1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To identify the current method of handling HIV/AID patient information

2. To design and implement HIVS & aids monitoring alert system
3. To validate the proposed system based on expert review

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The overall goal of this work is purely investigative and prescriptive. Our work is limited to the
study of HIV AIDs monitoring System and designing a HIV AIDs monitoring alert System

1.6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Health care being a vital aspect of human well-being, the organization of people, institutions, and
resources that deliver health care services to meet the health needs of target population, needs a well-
developed system for easy organization of activities

But due to limited resources for the completion of this project work, the research will be limited to the
available resources we could afford, during the cause of designation

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

HIV AIDs: - HIV is a virus primarily transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing of
needles or syringes among people who inject drugs, and from mother to child during childbirth or
breastfeeding. Education and awareness campaigns are important in preventing transmission.

Health-care system: - is the organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver health care
services to meet the health needs of target populations

Schedule: - A plan that lists all the work that you have to do and when you must do each thing.

12
Duties time interval: - Duties time interval is the interval form the start of duties to the close of duties
each day.

13
 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES

2.1 INTRODUCTION
In the course of writing this project work, Health care monitoring system , several materials were
consulted in order analyze the level of acceptability this research work might attain. In a research of this
nature, the work extensive of other authors and researchers alike were extracted, especially those whose
work are cited because of their elaborate work carried out in their study, hence, this project intends to
generate information from the existing knowledge that has so far been gathered.
Hence, the information gathered from the reviews of such articles, works and artifacts will be discussed
herein. (Bapna, R.; Goes, P.; Gupta, A. (2001))

2.2 HEALTH SYSTEMS ASSESSMENT TERMINOLOGIES

Utilization rates for predefined services kits are generally part of a push distribution system that does not
use requisitions. Hence the terminologies are enlisted below:

 Lead time: The time needed to prepare bids, the time required to make an award and place an
order, the time required to receive the delivery, and the time between receipt and payment are all
defined as lead time.

 Health care: The term health care’s encompasses medicinal products, vaccines, contraceptives,
diagnostics, and Health care supplies.

 Push/pull systems: Push and pull are two types of distribution systems. In push systems,
quantities of supplies and the schedule for their delivery to facilities are determined at a higher
(usually central) level with little to no input from lower levels. In pull systems, facilities provide
information on actual consumption and needs estimates to higher levels.

 Rational medicine use: Rational medicine use occurs when clients/patients are prescribed and
dispensed the full amount of the appropriate, quality medicines at the lowest cost to them, to
their communities, and to the system, and when clients/patients take the medicines correctly and
without interruption.

14
  Standard treatment guidelines (STGs): STGs are disease-oriented guidelines that reflect a
consensus on the treatments of choice for common Health care conditions. They help
practitioners make decisions about appropriate treatments and help to minimize variation in
treatments offered by practitioners in the health care system.

 Tracer products: Approximately 20 health care’s or commodities that are selected to evaluate
availability of essential products. The items to be selected for a tracer list should be relevant for
public health priorities and should be expected to be available able at all times in the level of
facilities of interest (e.g., clinics or Health care). (Cayirli, T, E. Veral, and H. Rosen. (2004))

2.3 HOW HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT WORK

Health care management is the set of practices aimed at ensuring the timely availability and appropriate
use of safe, effective, quality medicines, health products, and services in any health care setting. These
activities are organized according to functional components of a cycle or system and may take place at
various levels of the health system according to the design of the health system. The components are the
same for all sectors although procedures and activities within each component may differ. Activities in
the Health care monitoring system are related to the selection of products that are to circulate in the
supply system and to their procurement, distribution, and. The Health care management cycle operates
within and is affected by a political, legal, and regulatory framework. This framework defines health
priorities that have an impact on the following:

 The types of products and services that can or should be offered at different types of facilities.

 The types of personnel needed and required qualifications for carrying out various
responsibilities related to the functioning of the cycle

 Quality assurance standards and financial requirements to be met

This cycle applies to the public and private sectors. The capacity to carry out these activities is mediated
by the level of management support that is available. Management support includes information
systems, human resource capacity, and financial resources. (Bailey, N. (1952)

15
 2.4 GENERAL ISSUES

The system of Health care management generally reflects the health care system in which it operates.
The first step to developing a profile of the Health care monitoring system in a country is to sketch out
how the overall health system is organized and how it functions. The following questions should be
answered before collecting indicator data.

 What is the participation of various levels of care in the public HIV AIDs system? Of the non-
governmental Health care (NGOs), health care delivery system of the private health care system,
the Primary level of care (e.g., health post or clinic), Secondary level of care (e.g., district Health
care), and Tertiary level of care (e.g., specialized Health care)
 What has been the country’s experience with health sector reform (e.g. Privatization,
decentralization?)
 Are NGOs present in the country? What is their role?
 Are vertical Health care monitoring system present? What is their role?
 What are the prevalence and incidence of major health problems?
 What role do donors play in managing and providing health cares?
 What trade issues apply, including the influence of global and regional trade agreements or
initiatives (e.g., North American Free Trade Agreement, Central American Free Trade
Agreement, Mercosur, Economic Community of West African States, Association of Southeast
Asian Nations, World Trade Health care’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights, Southern African Development Community)

Vertical Health care monitoring system, such as tuberculosis, Integrated Management of Childhood
Illness, or malaria Health care monitoring system, may operate with Health care monitoring system-
specific essential medicine lists, STGs, procurement processes, and distribution systems. In cases where
vertical Health care monitoring system conduct separate functions from the general public system, the
basic components of the Health care management cycle apply. For a general evaluation of the
performance of the Health care system, however, determining the effectiveness of their contribution to
the access of health care’ is generally sufficient. For example, tracer lists that are used to assess the

16
availability of key products may include products that are sourced through vertical Health care
monitoring system. Problems with availability may then lead to further inquiry to determine why
availability is poor.

2.5 HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT FLOWS

The Health care monitoring system can be Health care monitoring system in terms of the flow of
information, funds, and products. The activities involved with carrying out each component of the
Health care monitoring system can be Health care monitoring system. Perhaps the easiest place to start
in developing a profile is by Health care monitoring system the distribution system to show how health
care enter and move through the country. Additional flows may be added to demonstrate the flow of
funds, including the budget allocation, procurement, payments to suppliers, and payments from
clients/patients. (John Williams (2009))

Similarly, Health care monitoring system can be made to illustrate the process of selecting and
quantifying health care. These models allow for numerous potential variations. Determining the best
model for any particular context is beyond the scope of this assessment.
(Pinker, E. J.; Seidmann, A.; Vakrat, Y. (2003))

2.6 DIRECT DELIVERY MODEL FOR DISTRIBUTION

The following Health care monitoring system highlight critical steps in the system’s selection,
procurement, and distribution components, the specific agency or entity responsible for carrying out
these activities, and therefore the source of key indicator data, can differ from country to country. Some
functions, such as procurement, may be contracted out by the public sector to private agencies. One
source for this information is the national medicines policy. Alternatively, this information can be
determined in the course of the in-country assessment (López, N.; Núñez, M.; Rodríguez, I.; Rubio, F.
(2004).)

2.7 HEALTH CARE POLICY, LAWS, AND REGULATIONS

A country’s national medicines policy specifies the government’s goals for the Health care sector, their

17
relative importance, and the main strategies used to attain them. An NMP provides a framework for
developing Health care laws and regulations, which are important because of the complexity and risk
inherent in the Health care sector which makes room for the following questions.

Is there a National Essential Medicines Policy (NMP) or other government document that sets objectives
and strategies for the Health care sector based on priority health?

An NMP is a guide to action for the Health care sector. Existence of an NMP indicates commitment to
improving Health care management in public and private sectors.

Issues to explore has it been updated in the past 10 years? A response of “yes” indicates that the policy
is kept up to date (Vakrat, Y.; Seidmann, A. (2000))

If the country has a National Essential Medicines Health care monitoring system, most likely that Health
care monitoring system has received some support or guidance from WHO and that the WHO guidelines
on how to develop an NMP (WHO 2001) were followed or used as a template to develop the policy.
Assesses existence or absence of a comprehensive national Health care law The existence of a
comprehensive law demonstrates commitment to improving Health care management in public and
private sectors. A comprehensive law will include all of the following components:

 A regulatory framework
 Principles for selecting medicines, including donations
 Strategies for supply and procurement
 Promotion of rational use of health cares
 Economic and financing mechanisms
 Role of health professionals
 Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms

Issues to explore Is periodic renewal required, and are pharmacological standards applied? Is registration
based on an assessment of product efficacy, safety, quality, and truth of packaging information? If so,
then Health care registration is part of a comprehensive quality assurance Health care monitoring
system.

18
Is the system kept up to date? Do you have any concerns about the ability of the registration system to
keep up with applications? What is the average turnaround time for Health care registration
applications? Although there is no gold standard or optimal turnaround time, an indicator of problems
would be having a backlog of several months, which may be confirmed by an examination of dossiers.
A very short turnaround time may indicate that the process is not seriously examining the information
provided.

In the absence of the system characteristics listed above, the registration system may simply be a
revenue generating system.

Do you have concerns about a black market, products that are circulating in the market and are not
registered? The process of registration may be considered too cumbersome (e.g., fees too high, delays
too long), or the country may have no way to enforce registration requirements.
(Cayirli, T and E. Veral (2003))

2.8 HEALTH CARE PROCUREMENT

The primary purpose of procurement is to provide regular delivery of adequate quantities of high-quality
supplies at the lowest cost. National procurement decisions take place within a country’s policy and
legal framework and may take place at the central level or be decentralized down to the facility level.
Some steps of the procurement process may be centralized whereas others take place at the local level.
Understanding the where the various steps of procurement take place is critical. It will contribute to
identifying the appropriate stakeholders to interview. (Chen, R. and L. Robinson. (2005))

2.9 JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE SYSTEM

CONTROL

For the Health care monitoring system we have chosen PHP as tool in the development of the system
because more hardware support is available for this language, many API (application interface) are

19
available and much research is being done on this Programming language, it also supports trusted
platform. As survey was also conducted in June 2002 regarding which Programming language will be
useful in future. The survey was completed by 633 development managers; the survey showed that this
Health care monitoring system framework had already gained a strong place in the IT industry.
2.10 METHODOLOGY

The waterfall model is a sequential software development process that follows a linear and cascading
approach. It consists of several distinct phases, which are completed one after another in a specific
order. Here's a brief explanation of the waterfall model:

 Requirements Gathering: The project requirements are collected and documented in detail during
this initial phase.
 System Design: The system architecture and design are created based on the gathered
requirements. This phase focuses on the overall structure and functionality of the software.
 Implementation: The actual coding and programming of the software are carried out in this
phase. Developers use the design specifications to create the software product.
 Testing: The software is tested to ensure that it meets the specified requirements. This phase
involves various types of testing, such as unit testing, integration testing, and system testing.
 Deployment: Once the software has successfully passed all the testing phases, it is deployed to
the production environment or made available to the end-users.
 Maintenance: After deployment, any issues or bugs reported by users are addressed in the
maintenance phase. Updates and enhancements may also be implemented during this phase.

The waterfall model follows a strict linear progression, where each phase must be completed before
moving on to the next. This model is often used for projects with well-defined and stable requirements,
as it assumes that changes to requirements are minimal throughout the development process. It lacks
flexibility for accommodating changes during development and can be time-consuming if errors are
detected late in the process.

20
 2.11 DATABASE
A database is a structured and organized collection of data that is designed to be easily accessed,
managed, and updated. Databases are used to store, retrieve, and manipulate data, making them an
essential component of modern computer systems. Databases come in various types, with the two main
categories being relational databases and non-relational databases. But for this project I will be using
relational database

Relational Databases these databases use a tabular structure to store data, where data is organized into
tables with rows and columns. Each table represents a specific entity or type of data, and relationships
between tables can be established through keys (e.g., primary keys and foreign keys). The Structured
Query Language (SQL) is commonly used to interact with relational databases. Popular relational
database management systems (RDBMS) include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL
Server.

Databases are essential in a wide range of applications, from small-scale personal projects to large
enterprise systems. They are used for various purposes, including data storage, data retrieval, data

21
analysis, and data reporting. Databases provide data consistency, security, and efficient querying,
making them a fundamental part of information management in the digital age.

22
Similar System

Medicine Store Management System.

The "Medicine Store Management System" is a comprehensive software solution designed to

modernize and streamline the operations of Potiskum Specialist Hospital's medicine store. The
system provides an automated approach to record keeping, enabling precise tracking of medicine
distribution report across various hospital departments.

Design and Implementation of Alcohol Sensing and Accident Alert System.

These days accidents happen on the street on account of increment in rush hour gridlock and rash or
snoozingdriving of the drivers. A few accidents happen inferable from the utilization of alcohol. So
licker alcoholicdriving is the furthermore fundamental purpose behind mishap occurs

23
 CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

Systems are created to solve problems. One can think of the system approach as an organized way of
dealing with a problem. In this dynamic world, the subject system analysis and design mainly deals with
the software and development activities. In system analysis more emphasis is given to understand the
details of an existing system or a proposed one and then deciding whether the proposed system is
desirable or not and whether the existing system needs improvements. Thus, system analysis is the
process of investigating a system, identifying problems and using the information to recommend
improvements to the system.

3.2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS

This is an important stage in the system development lifecycle. According to Mc Nab (2004), System
development with the identification and specification of both functional and non-functional
requirements of the system. He said to achieve this objective, that there is need for analyst or researcher
to use systematic approach to ensure that specification derived are accurate and the analysis process is
carried out in a controlled manner. Analysis is the breaking down of a complex structure into smaller
units so that an intensive detailed cross-examination can be effectively carried out on it. Effiong E. E
(2001) defined System analysis as the process of breaking down system (problems) into subsystem and
their component parts so as to analyze on details the information needs of a user and thereafter develop
the system requirements.” System analysis therefore is the study of a business problem domain to
recommend improvements and specify the business requirements for a solution. It is also the dissection
of a system into pieces to study how they interact and work.

3.3 DETAILED DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM

 Haven examine the existing system, our findings presents three fundamental problems that arise
in the existing Health care monitoring system.
 The first problem is to obtain a clear definition of value acceptable for the purpose of flexible
Health care Management methods.

24
  The second problem is to obtain a clear definition of the Health care monitoring system elements
or interests that are to be valued.
 The third problem is to determine the proper method, or methods, by which the defined value
will be estimated.

Thus, the definition of value used in the process of Health care monitoring system is a set of
assumptions about the methods in which the subject property may transact. It becomes the basis for
selecting comparable data for use in the Health care monitoring system.

Based on these factors, the manual Health care Management methods must identify the scope of work
needed, including the methodologies to be used, the extent of investigation, and the applicable
approaches to value. The rule provided the explicit requirement that the minimum standards for scope of
work were:

3.4 INPUT DATA (SPECIFICATION)

Input specifications describe the types of records within the file, the sequence of the types of records, the
fields within a record, the data within the field, indicators based on the contents of the fields, control
fields, fields used for matching records, and fields used for sequence checking. For an externally
described file, input specifications are optional and can be used to add functions to the external
description.

Table 3.1 User Registration

DATA ITEM DATA TYPE FIELD WIDTH

Username String 20

Password Password 21

First Name String 20

Middle Name String 20

25
 Last Name String 20

Section String 20

Table 3.2 Patient Registrations

DATA ITEM DATA TYPE FIELD WIDTH

Itr No Integer 20

First Name String 15

Middle Name String 10

Last Name String 15

Birth date Date/time

Health NO Integer

Address String 250

Age Integer 11

Civil Status String 11

Gender String 6

Blood Pressure(BP) Integer 3

DATA ITEM DATA TYPE FIELD WIDTH

Itr No Integer 20

First Name String 15

Middle Name String 10

26
 Last Name String 15

Complaint String 250

Remark String 25

Section String 25

Table 3.4 Patient Update

DATA ITEM DATA TYPE FIELD WIDTH

First Name String 15

Middle Name String 10

Last Name String 15

Birth date Date/time

Health NO Integer

Address String 250

Age Integer 11

Civil Status String 11

Gender String 6

Blood Pressure(BP) Integer 3

27
 3.6 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Explaining on the importance of sampling is a research; Haruna (2010) stated that for a sample to be
useful, it must be a representative of the entire population. As such, in order to get an appropriate
primary sample for the study, the simple random sampling technique was used.

The entire population of HIV Aids patients was sample and use. Similarly, Kamba (2009) stated that in a
simple random sampling every individual has an equal chance to be selected.

3.6 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

Data for this research was generated from two main sources; the primary and the secondary sources.
Several primary and secondary of the data are generated in this research from divergent sources directly
or indirectly and within the sources provided the framework of the presentations in this research work.

3.8 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

These are numerous ways by which data could be collected, the research instrument for this study are
questionnaire and interview method. The questionnaire was structure base on two option, while the
interviews was used to collect responses from the respondent.

3.9 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT

The need to run a perfect Health care monitoring system depends on specified system requirement,
whether hardware or software. Care is taken to identify input, process, storage, control and output
functions. Documentation as well is needed so as to provide detailed system description. The degree of
dependency and accuracy is the key to an effective and smarter Health care monitoring system which
personnel managers, staff, patients, e t c can trust to its operation and reliability on the hardware and
software configuration. 2.10 Software Requirement These are written sets of instructions, procedures
and associated documentation which help the users to achieve their processing objectives using the
hardware components. In acquiring software, the organization considers the basic activity cost which
helps in determining the cost of software to be used. The following software components are required in
the proposed system Windows Operating System Chrome browser

 XAMPP server control panel

 Text editor (Visual Studio)

The above listed materials will create room for computerized efficiency in the system operation of the
security techniques. 2.11 Hardware Requirement This is a physical component system that houses the

28
software components under which the instructions work. The under listed devices are required in the
configuration of the hardware components of the Health care monitoring system (proposed system)
Complete computer system comprising;

Operating system must be Windows 8 or higher

 1GHz and above

 Printer
 256 GB drive space

29
 CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

4.0 INTRODUCTION

System implementation covers a broad spectrum of activities from a detailed workflow analysis to the
formal go-live of the new system. During system implementation Health care may refine the initial
workflow analysis that had been completed as part of the requirements analysis phase. With the aid of
the vendor, Health care centers may also start mapping out the new proposed workflow.

The system implementation phase requires the vendor to play a very prominent role. In addition to the
workflow analysis, full system testing is completed during this phase. Other key activities that would
occur include piloting of the new system, the formal go-live and the resolution of application issues
during the post implementation period

4.1 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS

Implementation of the Health care monitoring system is one of the main means for a change in the
organization administration for effective growth. To build high performance standards, the management
is unimaginable without the functioning of a system for accessing Health care Management methods. It
is the backbone of their carrier development, training, reward and retaining.

In the recent decades the concept for the importance and the essence of the Health care monitoring
system achieved a significant progress and they are now regarded as a key component for organization
development. For administration of management activities, the effective implementation of a Health care
monitoring system and the commitment in achieving of its targets is a guarantee for increasing the
effectiveness of the management itself.

The present system regards the practice of implementing the Health care monitoring system. The
practical difficulties, most often met in the process of Health care Process Management, and the reasons
for their occurrence have been tracked and analyzed. Some of the changes in the regulations, which are

30
aimed at improving the implementation of the Health care monitoring system, are also being presented.
A special attention has been paid to the problems of giving of formal performance of Health care
Management methods and the necessity for establishing of an effective Health care transaction between
the customer and the Health care organization.

The separate Health care monitoring system indicators and the difficulties in their usage, as well as the
mistakes most often made in Health care Management implementations, have been analyzed. (Lancaster,
f. W (1998))

SOFTWARE APPLICATION

The application has been developed to meet the following main objectives:

 To support the objectives of the Organization.

 Compliance with the functional Health care standards to enable standardized deliveries and
transfer of Health care experience.
 To contribute to a quick project initiation and minimum project execution time.
 To ensure common coding for multifunctional teams and multi-skilled personnel.
 To support functional breakdown of a facility and related documentation of systems, subsystems
and equipment to ensure standardization and reuse.

SYSTEM TESTING

This defines the test requirement, which the software should meet and it is progressively integrated into
complete package. The process of test plan is concerned with providing that a package produces correct
and expected result for all possible input data.
For this software testing, we have three basic testing that should be adopted:

 System Testing
 Integrated testing and
 module testing

31
System testing

Before bringing and data processing system into use, it is of vital importance that the system is both
comprehensive within its intended limits and fully correct. So, each routine must have been written
according to specification and tested to complete satisfaction. Also bags must have been removed
completely and the program run produced exactly what is required of it.

The Integration Test

So far, the various modules have been tested and each proved efficiency as an entity. (I.e. module).
Though sometimes, the modules can perform their respective functions but when put together, they can
function together. So this test therefore checks that when the modules are integrated they can combine to
perform their respective functions. Hence, integration testing was done to entire program structure to
uncover errors associated with interfacing. These errors were debugged to produce desired results. The
essence of integration testing is to ascertain that these modules do not lose their efficiency and
reliability. The Integration involved the main form which serves as coordinator and driver for other
module.

Module Testing

In this design we have many modules which when triggered up at certain events perform a specific
function. So, module testing involves testing of each of the modules in software to verify that they meet
their respective objective module

Testing was carried out to ensure that information properly flows into and out of the program module
under test.

4.2 TRAINING AND RE-TRAINING OF STAFF

This stage in system implementation involves the production of handbooks organization of courses and
lectures regarding the new system. The handbook contains the description on how the Health care

32
management process is to be done with the software manual, system specification, clerical procedures
manuals and security aid are designed to assist the user’s to carry out the required instruction.

During the training phase in the implementation stage of the new system, the researcher did not find it
difficult to bring the staff and customers to view the Health care monitoring system because they are
already computer literate. (Wayne Ratliff 2007)

They easily understood the Health care monitoring system as one of the Health care monitoring system
they use. However, they were put through on how to properly start the application

 Properly login into the system

 Enter new details and update previous entries
 Capture and update records

4.3 MAINTENANCE DETAILS

System Maintenance follows successful implementation and incorporates also evaluation of the system
in order to give the desired or necessary improvement. It includes monitoring the process of the other
stages of system development to ensure that the development plan and objective are being
accomplished.
There are three types of system maintenance which include;

 Corrective maintenance
 Adaptive maintenance
 Preventive maintenance

Corrective Maintenance: This covers maintenance, which is needed to put right coding errors and
other faults, which may be introduced into the software. It include, the routine “debugging” of newly
produced or recently amended code and emergency error correction in response to report faults.

Adaptive Maintenance: This covers the changes which are made to the software to meet new or
changed circumstances, such as restructuring of a database, alternatives in operating procedures and

33
changes to hardware or software versions.

Preventive Maintenance: This covers attempts to make the software perform more effectively. It
includes user requests for enhancement, improvement due to experience, changes to make the software
more easy to use and rewrite the code to make the maintenance that is specifically used for the new
system to reduce its chances of breakages.

Hence, the researcher advised the use of preventive and corrective maintenance to reduce the chances of
breaking down to all and subsequently advise these;

 Proper staff orientation on the use and operation of the Health care monitoring
 Frequent checking of the system and list base to facilitate easy access and integration of the staff
 Consultation of IT professionals periodically to render services that may be of need to meet the
modern technology demands.

Figure 1: Homepage, this is the first page to see when you visit the website. It contains about page,
blog, contact information of the hospital, doctors, department and login page

34
Figure 2: Login Page this where both users (Doctor and the patient) can login to gain access to the
site.

Figure 3: Forgot Password page, if you can remember your passcode this page will help you to
recover it

35
Figure 4: Patient Record, this registration page a patient

36
Figure 5: this page will allow a patient to book an appointment with a Doctor

37
Book an appointment (Existing User)

Figure 6: This page will allow existing patient to know his next visit and weather if a patient is up
for an appointment

38
Figure 7 Doctor Dashboard also the Admin Dashboard contain full access to how many register for
the site this include Patient, Nurses, Pharmacist and many more

Figure 8 Patient Dashboard this allow patient to view status report, profile, appointment, admit
history, donate blood, view prescription and more

39
Figure 9 Doctor Profile During Registration

40
Figure 10 Patient Profile During Registration

41
 CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 SUMMARY

In summary, the "Design and Implementation of HIV/AIDS Monitoring Alert System" is a

comprehensive software solution aimed at improving the monitoring and management of HIV/AIDS
cases.

 In chapter one I talk about what and how hospital management works and how my application
with ease so many thing in HIV/Aids section
 Chapter two cover some terminologies use in healthcare management, how it works, policy and
law. Database and methodology was explained, I also detail the language I use in my application.
 Chapter three is all about system analysis, system requirement, and research instrument and data
collection.
 The chapter four talks about system testing and how the application works.
 Chapter is all on recommendation, the problem I encountered, lesson we learn and conclusion of
this research work.

5.2 LESSON LEARNED

Healthcare providers may receive numerous alerts, leading to alert fatigue. Developing intelligent
alerting mechanisms that prioritize critical notifications can improve their responsiveness. The
development and implementation of an HIV/AIDS Monitoring Alert System can provide valuable
lessons and insights, not only in terms of technical aspects but also in healthcare management and
patient care.

These lessons emphasize the need for a holistic approach to developing and implementing healthcare
information systems. It involves not only technical expertise but also a deep understanding of healthcare
management and patient care, as well as a commitment to data security, privacy, and regulatory

42
compliance. Success in such projects requires continuous learning and adaptation to the evolving needs
of the healthcare sector.

5.3 PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED

Encouraging patients to actively participate in the system by reporting their status, symptoms, or side
effects can be challenging. User-friendly interfaces and patient education are essential to foster patient
engagement. The success of the system may also depend on cultural and social factors, such as the
stigmatization of HIV/AIDS, which can affect patient participation and disclosure of their status.

Addressing these challenges involves careful planning, ongoing monitoring, and a commitment to
addressing technical, operational, and social issues to ensure the effectiveness of the HIV/AIDS
Monitoring Alert System. It often requires a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, IT
experts, and policymakers to develop and maintain such a system successfully.

5.4 CONCLUSION

Health care Management schemes can benefit both the organization her patients. They can improve
patients and staff performance and suitability for promotion while at the same time helping to use
technology more effectively. In addition, they can improve human health services and the quality of
working life and make patients free unplanned health issues. The following will help to ensure that
Health care monitoring system is both effective and successful:

Health care process needs the commitment and support of all levels of management. Administrative
Staff and representatives should be consulted before new Health care Management methods are
introduced.

Health care Management software should not be seen in isolation but should be closely linked with
policies and practices in other areas, such as human resource planning, equal opportunities and training.
Paperwork should be kept to a minimum and Health care monitoring system forms should be simply and
clearly designed. Health care Management methods should be reviewed periodically to ensure they meet

43
changing needs. The introduction of a formal Health care system does not remove managers'
responsibilities for reviewing performance on a day-to-day basis.

5.5 RECOMMENDATION

There is need for a better understanding of Health care Management methods so as to evaluate the
significance of the impacts generated by Health care Management challenges. The proposed Health care
monitoring system could be used to identify Health care Management respondents and provide
information about the resources of Health care Management response for patients and Health care
personnel’s.

Health care should take adequate care during the implementation and maintenance of the system. This
should be given proper consideration due to its importance for effective and efficient deployment and
operation of the system by adopting parallel change-over procedure and applying the technique of
preventive after the implementation, corrective maintenance should be done to fix it up.

44
REFERENCES

Albert, M. R. (2002). "E-Buyer Beware: Why Hospital management Fraud Should Be regulated".
American Business Law Journal 39 (4): 575

Bailey, N. (1952). A study of queues and appointment systems in hospital out-patient departments,
withSpecial reference to waiting times.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, A14, 185-199.

Bapna, R.; Goes, P.; Gupta, A. (2001)."Insights and analyses of hospitalmanagements".

Communications of the ACM 44 (11): 42.

Brahimi, M and D. Worthington. (1991). Queueing Models for Out-patient Appointment Systems: A
Case Study. Journal of the Operational Research Society 42, 9, 733-746.

Visual Basic” : Computer Sciences; Hughes, Stephen; Vol. 4, Macmillan: USA, 2002.

Cayirli, T and E. Veral (2003). Outpatient scheduling in health care: a review of literature.
Production and Operations Management Society 12, 4, 519-549.

Cayirli, T, E. Veral, and H. Rosen. (2004). Assessment of patient classification in

appointmentsystems.1st Conference of the POMS College of Service Operations, New Yor,
NY, USA.

Cayirli, T, E. Veral, and H. Rosen. (2006). Designing appointment scheduling systems for
ambulatorycare services.Health Care Management Science 9, 47–58.

Chen, R. and L. Robinson. (2005). Scheduling doctor's appointments with unpunctual patient
arrivals.Working paper, Davis Graduate School of Management, University of California,
USA.

http://en.wikipedia.org/hospital information system (2010), “hospital information system.” Retrieved

27, May 2011

López, N.; Núñez, M.; Rodríguez, I.; Rubio, F. (2004)."Improving privacy in Vickrey health
management". ACM SIGecom Exchanges 5: 1.

45
Milgrom, P.; Weber, R. (1982)."A theory of health and safety analysis".Econometrica 50 (5): 1089–
1122.

Pinker, E. J.; Seidmann, A.; Vakrat, Y. (2003)."Managing Hospital managements: Current Business
and Research Issues". Management Science 49 (11): 1457.

Rodriguez, I.; López, N. (2005)."Implementing private Vickrey prescriptions".Proceedings of the

2005 ACM symposium on Applied computing - SAC '05. pp. 796.

Vakrat, Y.; Seidmann, A. (2000). "Implications of the patient’s arrival process on the design of
hospital managements". Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on
medical Sciences.Pp 445.

Ramalho, J.C.; Faria, L.; Helder, S.; Coutada, M. (31 December 2013).
"Databxase Preservation Toolkit: A flexible tool to normalize and give access to databases".
Bibliotexca Nacional de Portugal (BNP). University of Minho.
Paiho, Satu; Tuminen, Pekka; Rökman, Jyri; Ylikerälä, Markus; Pajula, Juha; Siikavirta, Hanne
(2022).
"Opportunities of collected city data for smart cities". IET Smart Cities. 4 (4): 275–291.
doi:10.1049/smc2.12044. S2CID 253467923.
David Y. Chan; Victoria Chiu; Miklos A. Vasarhelyi (2018).
Continuous auditing : theory and application (1st ed.). Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing.
ISBN 978-1-78743-413-4. OCLC 1029759767.
Halder & Cortesi 2011.
Ben Linders (January 28, 2016). "How Database Administration Fits into DevOps".
Retrieved April 15, 2017. itl.nist.gov (1993) Integration Definition for Information Modeling
(IDEFIX) Archived 2013-12-03 at the Wayback Machine. 21 December 1993.
Ben J (2010) "Oracle 30th Anniversary Timeline" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on
2011-03-20. Retrieved 23 August 2017.

Interview with Wayne Ratliff (2007) The FoxPro History. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.

John Williams (2009) Development of an object-oriented DBMS; Portland, Oregon, United

States; Pages: 472–482; 1986; ISBN 0-89791-204-7

46
Future Information Technology and Management Engineering ( FITME ) 2 : 329-332. Retrieved
29 November 2013.

Kendal, S. L.; creen, M. (2007), An introduction to knowledge engineering, London: Springer.

LANCASTER, F. W, Iformation Retrieval Systems : Characteristics, Testing and Evaluation,

Wiley, New York (1998).

Taylor, M, Russel, F. and ball, R. (1992) : Management Information System. McGraw-Hill,

London.

The Library of Congress country Studies; CIA World Factbook. (1991)

47