Activity – Concept Check

Based on the concepts of the different Philosophers, how do I understand myself?

What led up to this self?

Summary on the Concept of “Self

PHILOSOPHER

Socrates (Greek)

Socrates believe in self exists in two part which is body and soul he believes that the each of
one can’t live without each other so body can’t live without a soul and soul can’t live without
a body. Since the two components of our "self" are connected, both are manifest in the
physical world. However, when we pass away, our body remains in the world of the living
while our soul goes to the world of the dead, making the soul eternal.

Plato (Greek)

Plato believe in his ideal self, the soul is composed of three part of tripartite soul which is
rational spirited, appetitive According to Plato, the soul is divided into three parts: noble,
desire, and wisdom, each of which corresponds to a different want or love.

St. Augustine (Numidia)

According to Augustine, the self is receptive to a relationship with God. In his

conceptualization of the ego as radically oriented to God, he offers the concepts of self-
presentation and self-realization. The awareness that humans were created for God and that
only God can satisfy the human soul came to Augustine as a result of his own life
experiences. Furthering this idea, Aquinas considers self-knowledge a never-ending pursuit.

Rene Descartes (French)

Rene Descartes is most commonly known for his philosophical statement, “I think, therefore
I am” The mind, or the soul, is superior to the body because mental states—such as thinking,
envisioning, and analyzing—occur in the mind rather than bodily ones like pain and hunger
and are essential to our existence as people
John Locke (English)

For instance, according to Locke, my ability to recall what I did or experienced yesterday
essentially makes me the same person I was yesterday, making me the same person today.
For Locke, my identity is therefore mostly determined by my recollection. and based on my
own understanding what happens in your past is what will shape who you are today.

David Hume (Scott)

According to Hume, the self is "something to which our various perceptions and ideas are
intended to have a reference. If any impression gives rise to the notion of the self, that
impression must always remain the same for the entirety of our lives since the self is
supposed to exist in this way.

Immanuel Kant (German)

Each of us has an inner and an outside self, and these two selves together make up awareness.
Our psychological state and our logical intelligence make up our inner selves. The physical
world and our senses are part of the outer self. There is perspective while discussing one's
inner self.

Sigmund Freud (Prussian)

Sigmund Freud thought that if you have a strong sense of self (ego), you're capable of
knowing your own wants and also being aware of the limitations that society imposes on you.
Freud explored the subconscious, claiming that self-knowledge entails examining suppressed
desires and experiences. You can navigate life with ease if you have a solid idea of who you
are. You won't struggle to identify your internal suppression, and your daily life will be
satisfying and fulfilling.

Gilbert Ryle (British)

The workings of the mind as it controls the body are neither an independent nor a distinct
mechanism, and there is no entity called "Mind" inside a mechanical apparatus called "the
body," according to Ryle, who calls this theory of the separability of mind and body "the
dogma of the ghost in the machine."

Paul Churchland (Canadian)

Churchland adheres to materialism, the idea that everything is made of matter. This implies
that while talking about the mind, the physical brain and not the mind are what exist.
Additionally, our feeling of self is derived from our physical brains.x