New and emerging literary genre electronical literature

 use of computers or digital devices as another method of producing literary works

 quality of being interactive, in which when a reader is reading prose
 The same way for poetry, where words can be clicked to direct to another page or attachments.
 This kind of function is called hyperlink making the text into hypertext.

Different Types of Electronic Literature

DIGITAL FICTION
utilizes different links that provide a new context for nonlinearity and interaction
INTERACTIVE FICTION
 videogame popularly known as a role-playing game or RPG.
 the player is transported to a virtual world where he must play a game to understand the
journey of the characters.
DIGITAL POETRY
HYPERTEXT POETRY
utilizes different links in order for the readers to understand the words in the poem
INTERACTIVE POETRY
creates a platform for poets to collaborate in creating a poem.
CODE POETRY
Poems created from the programming language.
GRAPHIC LITERATURE
use of images and words in order to create a literary work.
Different Types of graphic Literature
Japanese Manga- is a graphic novel or comics
Graphic Novel - This is a book that combines images, illustrations, and words in order to create a story.
Comic Strip
Shorter than a comic and usually being published in periodicals.

BLOG
(a truncation of "weblog") is a genre of electronic literature that contains discussion on any topic
Blogger.com is one of the famous blog sites
CHICK IT
about women and how they live their lives and deal with their romantic problems.
Speculative fiction
 wide range of genres which speculate about worlds different from what we regard as real
 Deals with topics that could have the possibility of becoming reality.
Dean francis alfar
Exploring the vast and mysterious world of Speculative Fiction.
Flash fiction
 is a hybrid or mixed genre that consists of one part poetry and one part narrative.
 It is also called prose-poetry
 known as sudden fiction, short-short stories, microfiction, or micro stories,
LGBT THEMED LITERATURE
LITERARY LANGUAGE
 uses words exactly according to their conventionally accepted meaning or denotations
the reader must know the meaning of the words in the text.
VARIOUS WAYS
Denotation
refers to the definition of a word found in a dictionary.
This is the easiest way of getting the meaning of an unfamiliar word.
Structural Analysis
the reader should be able to understand the structure of a word
Linguists also use the term morphemes to refer to a word
Free morphemes(also known as root words)
can stand alone
bound morpheme
cannot stand alone because it must be attached to a root word or free morphemes
Affixes
the term typically used for bound morphemes
Two types of affixes
Prefix - attached before the word
Suffix - attached at the end of the word
CONTEXT CLUES
 technique of finding the meaning of unfamiliar words by looking at the premise of the sentence or the
words surrounding the unfamiliar word
 uses signal words
EXAMPLES OF CLUES
Definition Clue
 the definition of the unfamiliar word is found in the sentence.
 uses commas, dashes, and parenthesis.
 Ex. The pandemic – a worldwide spread of infection – is affecting many lives, especially the poor.
Example Clue
 When an unfamiliar word appears in a sentence, it is sometimes followed with an
Example
 The signal words for this kind of clue are: such as for example.
 Ex. He has recalcitrant behavior, unruly and rude all the time.
Synonym Clue
 a synonymous term of the unfamiliar word found in the sentence
 Signal words are “also known as, sometimes called, that is, or and in other words.”
 Ex. I need a cajole or persuade him to not leave the party early
Antonym Clue
 the opposite word of the unfamiliar word is found in the sentence.
 Signal words are “however, although, and but.
 Ex. When the light brightens, the pupils contract; however, when it is dark, they dilate.
Mood/Tone Clue
 the mood set by the author harmonized with the unfamiliar word.
 Ex. The lugubrious wails of the gypsies matched the dreary whistling of the wind in the allbut-deserted
cemetery.
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
 traditional method of understanding written words in order to express complicated meaning, and
colorful interpretation through writing or speaking, and gives clarity to adhere to the truth and artistry.
 accepted even when the things that are being said deviate from the literal meaning of the words is
called Idioms
 Symbolism
 is the use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities, by giving them symbolic meanings that are different
from their literal sense.
 it is an object representing another
 an action, an event, or a word spoken by someone may have a symbolic value.
 the author has the leeway (freedom) to create symbols that have significance in his or her life
 For example, in the short story “The Mats” by Francisco Arcellana, the mats may symbolize the strong
family ties Filipino families have.
Literary Device
 a text without literary devices is like a canvas without color or a garden without flowers.
 captivating the readers’ interests
 most common literary devices is the Figures of Speech.
FIGURES OF SPEECH
 intentional deviation from a literal statement or common usage
 integral part of language,
 figures of speech are found in oral literature as well as in polished poetry and prose and in everyday
speech.
1. ALLITERATION
• the repetition of the initial consonant sound.
 FOR EXAMPLE: She sells seashells by the seashore.
when using this figure of speech, you are familiar with the various symbols in the International Phonetic
Alphabet (IPA), which serves as an accurate guide in the pronunciation of sounds.
2. ASSONANCE
• the repetition of the internal vowel sounds.
 FOR EXAMPLE: How now brown cow?
 Note that diphthongs are blended vowel sounds.
3. ANAPHORA
 repetition of the same word or phrase in successive clauses or sentences.
 FOR EXAMPLE: I live to overcome the mistakes of the past, the mistakes untold, a the mistakes
unnoticed.
4. APOSTROPHE
 addressing an inanimate object as if it is alive or someone who is not present.
 FOR EXAMPLE: Evry said, "What would I do without your genius brain, my computer!"
5. PERSONIFICATION
• giving the attribute of a human to an inanimate object.
 FOR EXAMPLE: The mountain will bow to the touch of the strongest wind
6. CHIASMUS
• a verbal pattern in which the second half is balanced with the first but written in reverse.
 FOR EXAMPLE: Reading to learn is different from learning to read. Do you get it?
 Changing the inflection of the word is also necessary to make the sentence grammatically correct.
7. EUPHEMISM
• the use of an inoffensive word or phrase in substitution for an offensive word.
 FOR EXAMPLE: Her mother went to the other side after battling for a 10-year leukemia.
8. HYPERBOLE
 an exaggeration of the thought unit that should not be read in the literal sense. FOR EXAMPLE: I
spent a billion pesos on shopping today
 9. METAPHOR
 a figure of speech that makes an implicit comparison of a word or phrase to another to show
similarity.
 FOR EXAMPLE: Her smile is a sunshine during summertime.
10. SIMILE
just like metaphor, this figure of speech compares two different objects or persons with similar characteristics
and uses "like" and "as".
11. ONOMATOPOEIA
 The use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to.
 FOR EXAMPLE: The boxes fell from the shelves with a very loud thump.
12. SYNECDOCHE
 the use of a part to represent the whole.
 FOR EXAMPLE: Two heads are better than one in accomplishing a task
Text and Context

 are essential parts of literature.

Text

 Text is a words written in order to create a literature.

 This is the form and structure.
 It usually differs when it comes to its form and structure depending on the genre of the literature.

Text Structure according to genre

Text Structure of Prose

text is written by word, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs.
Sentence-paragraph

Text Structure of Poetry

the text is written by lines and stanzas.
3 stanzas

Text Structure of Drama

In drama, it is written through a dialogue.
Context

is the idea that the text, writer, reader, and even the society are connected with each other in understanding
literature.

Text’s Context

 gives vivid interpretations of text through the surrounding details of the text that affects to the
perception and understanding of the readers
 To identify the text’s context better, try to identify the descriptive words , the time and the date

Writer’s and Reader’s Context

  the creation, interpretation, and understanding of literature will be different.
 Also, reader’s context is influenced a lot by his/her previous reading

Society’s Context

The viewpoint of society is affecting also because of the existence of norms and taboo.

Norms are the ways which are socially acceptable

taboo are those which are unaccepted.