BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY

BAHIRDAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF RESEARCH AND GRADUATE STUDIES

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

“Improving Quality and Reliability of Distribution System

Network Using Network Reconfiguration” (Case Study of Sebeta

Substation)

By
Abera Alemayehu

Advisor

Dr. DD

Thesis Submitted to the School of Research and Graduate Studies of Bahir Dar Institute of
Technology, Bahir Dar University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree
of Master of Science in Power System Engineering in the School of Electrical and Computer
Engineering

Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

[1]
 DECLARATION
I, undersigned, declare that this thesis is my own original work, has not
been presented for a degree in this or any other university and all sources of material used for the
thesis have been fully acknowledged.
Abera Alemayehu ______________________

Student Signature

Place Bahirdar

Date of submission____/_____/_____

This thesis has been submitted for examination with my approval as a University advisor.

Dr. DD ____________________

Advisor Signature

[I]
Abstract

[II]
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Firstly, and most importantly I would like to thank the almighty God, who gave me time, health
and wisdom. Without the help of him nothing is done. I would like to express my sincere gratitude
to my supervisor, Dr. Yoseph Mekonnen for giving me great inspiration, ideas, comments and
continuous support throughout the process of thesis Completion. My special thanks also go to
Tefera Terefe for providing his valuable comments and suggestions have greatly helped me to
improve my writing. Last but not least, I am also very much grateful to my wife AA for my sources
of inspiration and strength, who has dedicated her years supporting my study that make me feel
loved, proud and fortunate.
Finally, I want to thank my best friends and colleagues who helped me in numerous ways to make
this thesis successful.

[III]
Table of Contents
DECLARATION.......................................................................................................................................... I
Abstract........................................................................................................................................................ II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................... III
CHAPTER ONE .......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Background ................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2. Statement of the Problem ....................................................................................................... 2
1.3. Overview of the Study Area ........................................................................................................... 2
1.4. Objectives of the Thesis .................................................................................................................. 4
1.5. Methodology .................................................................................................................................... 5
1.6. Significance of the Thesis ........................................................................................................... 5
1.7. Scope this Thesis Work................................................................................................................... 6
1.8. Scope of the Thesis .......................................................................................................................... 6
1.9. Thesis Organizations ...................................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................................ 7
2. LITRURE REVIEW AND THEORICAL BACKGROUND ......................................................... 7
2.1. Distribution System Reliability .................................................................................................. 7
2.2. Power System Reliability and Related Concepts...................................................................... 8
CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................................. 20
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ASSESSMENT AND MODELING ......................................................... 20
3.4.1. Cause of Outages/Interruptions ........................................................................................ 20
3.5. Causes of Electric Power Interruption.................................................................................... 21
3.5.1. Equipment Failures........................................................................................................... 21
3.5.2. Human Factors/Errors ..................................................................................................... 22
3.5.3. GG ...................................................................................................................................... 22
3.6. Load Point Indices .................................................................................................................... 22
3.7. System Reliability Indices ........................................................................................................ 22
3.8. Harmonics.................................................................................................................................. 25
3.10. Reliability and Hazard functions ......................................................................................... 27
3.11. System Modeling ................................................................................................................... 28

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 3.11.1. Radial System Structure of the Feeders .......................................................................... 28
3.12. Capacitor Switching.............................................................................................................. 30
4.3. Optimaziaon Result of the System .................................................................................................. 32
References ................................................................................................................................................... 48

[V]
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
The basic function of an electric power system is to supply customers with electricity. Modern
society demands that electrical energy should be as economical as possible with a reasonable
degree of continuity and quality. The continuity of energy supply can be increased by improved
system structure, increased investment during the planning phase, operating phase or both. Over-
investment can lead to excessive operating costs, which must be reflected in the tariff structure. A
Power system has a number of generating stations of different types interconnected by a system of
transmission lines, sub transmission lines and distribution networks to supply different types of
loads to various consumers. The substation is an important part that provides the final links
between the utility and the customers [1, 2].Substations are fenced yards with switches,
transformers and other electrical equipments. Once the voltage has been stepped down at the
distribution substation, the electricity flows to industrial, commercial, and residential centers
through the distribution system. Conductors called feeders reach out from the distribution
substation to carry electricity to customers. At key locations along the distribution system, voltage
is stepped down by distribution transformers to the voltage needed by customers or end-users.
Electric distribution system power quality is a growing concern. Customers require higher quality
service due to more sensitive electrical and electronic equipments. The effectiveness of a power in
distribution system is measured in terms of efficiency, service continuity or reliability, service
quality in terms of voltage profile and stability and power distribution system performance. In the
context of Ethiopia, electric power interruption is becoming a day to day phenomenon. Even there
are times that electric power interruption occurs several times a day, not only at the low voltage
but also at the medium voltage distribution systems. The drop of the voltage, especially at the
residential loads, is causing early failure of equipments, blackening of light bulbs, and decreased
efficiency and performance of high-power appliances. Damage of electronic devices and burning
of light bulbs have also occurred due to over voltages [3].
It is very important to assess and evaluate the reliability of power system networks in order to
obtain the most accurate and effective way in decision making especially in planning, operation
and maintainace. Historical assessment and predictive reliability methods are normally used to

[1]
evaluate the reliability of distribution system. Predictive methods are categorized in to analytical
and simulation methods.

1.2. Statement of the Problem

Ethiopian Government is currently making all rounded effort to change the country’s economic
status from the current least developed level to a medium income level. Of the many aspects of
this effort, expanding and strengthening of the electric power supply sector is one among the most
emphasized economic dimensions [4]. Electricity networks are a critical part of our energy
infrastructure and power utility company has the responsibility to ensure that they are developed
consistently and in a manner that meets future demands of society and customers for their
development. The process of network development should be directed towards a long term vision
aligned with the expectations of the present and future customers.
The main problem facing by electric power utilities in developing countries today is that the power
demand is increasingly rapidly where supply growth is constrained by scarce resources,
environmental problems and other societal concerns. This has resulted in a need for more extensive
justifications of the new system facilities, and improvements in production and use of electricity.
In the analysis throughout the world shows that around 90% of all customer reliability problems
are due to the problem in distribution system, hence, improving distribution reliability is the key
to improve customer reliability [6]. So this thesis tries to evaluate the performance of the existing
system and finding reliability improvement solution to that of the distribution substation outage
effect on both the power utility and customers.
1.3. Overview of the Study Area
Sebeta town is located in Oromia National Regional State, Oromia Special Zone Surrounding
Addis Abeba at a distance of 24 km from Addis Ababa and 122 km from Adama. Its astronomical
location is 8º53’38.5’’- 8º59’58.17’’ North Latitude and 38º35’11.91’ -38º39’33.75’’ East
Longitude. The city was founded in 1942, Population According to the National Population and
Housing Census carried out in 2007, the population of the town was 121,427. Out of this, 62,134
(51.17%) were males and 59,293 (48.83%) were females. The population growth rate at high
variant is 4.5%.

[2]
Sebeta city distribution substation has 13 radially configured feeders are to engaged to distribute
primary voltage level distribution transformers and industrial loads.

[3]
 Fig. single line diagram of sebeta distribution Substation-I

1.4. Objectives of the Thesis

1.4.1. General Objective

The main objective of this thesis is to analysis and evaluate the of reliability of distribution
networks for sebeta distribution system to improve system reliability by making the optimal
configuration of the existing distribution system network.

1.4.2. Specific Objective

This thesis mainly aims:
 To study the reliability problems in Sebeta electrical distribution substation system.
 To assess and evaluate the existing reliability indices of Sebeta electrical distribution
substation
 To model a feeder in the distribution system and analyze it using ETAP software for
reliability assessment.
 To determine a new configuration for the network and evaluate its performance and
reliability improvement of Sebeta distribution system by simulating with ETAP software.
 Comparison of the results obtained from the existing and reconfigured network in order to
determine the extent of reduction of reliability indices.

[4]
1.5. Methodology
In order to achieve the objective of this thesis there are various procedural task should be carried
out. The first method that should be followed is reviewing different literatures related with power
system reliability assessment, method of improving of reliability and quality of power system.
General methodology for this thesis work are as follows:
 Reviewing different related works for this thesis
 Gathering data from EEU (sebeta distribution system district) especially interruption data
 Modeling of distribution system with ETAP software
 Applying optimization technique for obtaining the optimal placement of switches
 Simulating the existing and optimal configuration of the given distribution substation and
comparing the result to show the effectiveness of the optimization technique

1.6. Significance of the Thesis

The main importance of this thesis is to reduce reliability indices for improving system
performance in a given distribution system. When a network reconfiguration algorithm is
implemented, reliability indices will be reduced and power quality will be improved.
Generally, the expected importance of this study is:
 To indicate the influence of power interruption on economy of both customers and utility.

 To assess average duration and frequency of power interruption per year in the system.

 To apply fuzzy logic optimization systems for improvement of system reliability and power
quality.

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 To show the feasibility of this distribution feeder network reconfiguration i.e. optimal
placement of switches on system reliability and power quality improvement.
Thus the main aim of this study is to present a methodology for network reconfiguration with the
objective of finding, in normal operating conditions, the optimal configuration for the distribution
system that minimizes interruption costs and simultaneously improves reliability.

1.7. Scope this Thesis Work

It is focused on:
 Put on fuzzy logic optimization for optimal placement and number of switches of the feeder
for improving system performance.
 By means of MATLAB software to analyze the optimal placement of sectionalizes switches
for reliability improvement.
 Using the ETAP software simulation on the distribution network, in order to minimize the
customer reliability indices based on fuzzy outputs.
 Comparing the initial and optimal simulation results obtained from appropriate softwares
 Make recommendations for utility how the unwanted power interruptions be alleviated

1.8. Scope of the Thesis

This thesis starts to evaluate the current performance of the existing system and ends the use of
respectable technique to improve the system performance greatly. Modeling the exiting feeder
for further study and improvement and compare the old feeder to show the degree of
improvement.

1.9. Thesis Organizations

The content of this thesis is briefly explained as follow:
chapter 1 delivers a brief description about background of the study, statement of problem,
objectives, research methodologies, and historical background of study areas of the research.
Chapter 2 discussed about distribution system reliability, distribution system configurations, and
system reconfigurations methods. Reliability analysis methods, reliability evaluation, methods of
reliability improvement in distribution system for optimization techniques, reliability performance
and reliability improvement strategy are explained briefly in this chapter.

[6]
Chapter3 deals about Data analysis, application of network reconfiguration. The collected data
analysis and the reliability indices of the study area are provided.

In Chapter 4 Scientific derivation of distribution system reconfiguration equivalences and

formulation of the problem are presented and simulation results are also discussed in this chapter.
Chapter5 Investigation and discussions of the results are presented. Conclusion and
recommendation are presented in Chapter 6.

CHAPTER TWO

2. LITRURE REVIEW AND THEORICAL BACKGROUND

2.1. Distribution System Reliability
Distribution system is a component of electric power system that delivers electrical energy from
transmission to the customer. The availability of a reliable power supply at a reasonable cost is
crucial for the economic growth and development of a country. Electric power utilities throughout
the world therefore endeavor to meet customer demands as economically as possible at a
reasonable service of reliability and quality.

Power quality and reliability are the two most important terms in power system and they are inter
related to each other in many ways. Reliability is primary concerned with customer interruptions
and it is therefore the concern of power quality. Reliability may be defined in many ways in power
system, this include the continuity of services, meeting customer demand and the vulnerability of
power system.
Reliability can be classified into two components: security and adequacy. Adequacy is the static
evaluation of a systems ability to supply the load [4, 5]. Thus, adequacy majorly deals with static
conditions and not the dynamic and transients of power system. Security is associated with system
dynamics and disturbances in the system. Security is therefore related to the response of the system
to perturbations it is subjected to. The concept of power-reliability is extremely broad and covers

[7]
all aspects of the ability of the system to satisfy the customer requirements. There is a reasonable
subdivision of the concern designated as system reliability which is shown in Figure2.1.

Figure2. 1. System Reliability Subdivision

Perfect power quality is characterized by a perfect sinusoidal voltage source without wave form
distortion, variation in amplitude and variation in frequency. To attain near perfect quality, the
utility should spend vast amount of resources and accommodate equipments with higher quality
of needs. Power quality concerns are becoming more frequent with the proliferation of sensitive
electronic equipment and automated process. Power quality problems are basically divided into
many categories such as interruptions, sags, swells, transients, noise, flicker, harmonic distortion
and frequency variations.

Electrical distribution system is usually radial so exposed to the rates of interruption because of
system component of transformers, breakers and switching devices the growing demand for the
customers to provide high quality services make great requirements for improvements in electrical
distribution system.

2.2. Power System Reliability and Related Concepts

Power system reliability evaluation can be used to provide a measure of the overall ability of a
power system to perform its intended function [1]. Electric power system is to be considered
composed of three block functional of subsystems of generation, transmission and distribution can
be designated as power system functional zones. For reliability power system must produce
adequate power to the customer, transmission system must transmit bulk power from generation
station to distribution station and distribution system must deliver the reliable power to the
customers. Reliability evaluation can be conducted in each of these functional zones or in the
combinations that gives the hierarchical levels as shown in Fig. 1.1.

[8]
 Hierarchical level 1, HLI
Generation facilities

.
Transmission facilities Hierarchical level II, HLII

Distribution facilities
Hierarchical level III, HLIII

Fige1.l Hierarchical levels

Reliability assessment at hierarchical level1 (HLI) is concerned only with the generation facilities.
In an HL1 study, the total system generation is examined to determine its adequacy to meet the
total system load requirement considering random failures, and corrective and protective
maintenance of the generating units. Hierarchical Level II (HLII) assessment includes both
generation and transmission facilities. HLII studies can be used to assess the adequacy of a system
including the impact of various reinforcement alternatives at both the generation and transmission
levels on bulk load point and overall system indices. Adequacy analysis at this level is usually
termed as "composite system or bulk transmission system evaluation".
2.3. Reliability Cost/Worth Concepts
The other main relevant issue for the analysis of quality of power supply is the fact that the level
of system reliability is interrelated with the economic aspects. Reliability costs are used for rave
reviews and request for rate increase. The economic analysis of system reliability can be a very
useful planning tool in determining the capital expenditures required to improve the real value of
additional (and incremental) investment in to the system [1, 3]. It is necessary to combine the
reliability criteria with certain cost considerations. Reliability worth is the benefit derived by the
utility, consumer and society because of higher reliability due to more investment in system.

[9]
 Figure 1.2 Costs according to reliability of the system

As shown in Figure 1.2, the utility cost, i.e. investment cost, maintenance cost and operating cost,
increases while the socio-economic customer interruption cost decreases with increase in the level
of service reliability. The total cost is the sum of the two curves. The optimum level of reliability
occurs at the point of lowest total cost. In a reliability cost/worth analysis, the annual expected
customer interruption costs are added to the predicted annual capital and operating costs to obtain
a total cost evaluation. Possible alternative configurations are examined to minimize the total cost
and to identify the most appropriate configuration.

2.4. Power System Protection

Power system protection is the back bone and effective way to improve reliability of distribution
system. This section provides various protection devices used for radial configuration of
distribution substation. Proper coordination among protection devices must be considered in order
to reduce the number of interrupted customers during the fault and hence improve the distribution
system reliability.

2.4.1. Protection System

Protection coordination is performed among protective devices to prevent unwanted operation of

equipments for a fault occurred in the system. Coordination of protective devices are important in
order to ensure that when the fault occurs the smallest section of the circuit is disconnected to
minimize disruption of the supplies to the customer. The main objective distribution system
protective devices are:

 To sense and isolated faulted area from the system

[10]
  To reduce the duration of outages or disruptions
 Reduce the actual problem of the system so that the damage is minimal
 Deliver the supply in alternative paths for unfaulty section of the system

There are different types of protective devices such as reclosers, circuit breakers, relays, switch
gears and automatic sectionalizer are used to protect the overhead line in distribution system.

2.4.1.1. Reclosers

Reclosers are the protective device which has the capability to sense and interrupt fault currents as
well because it recloses automatically. reclosers are used at the following points in the distribution
network.

 In the substation to provide primary protection for the circuit

 In main feeder circuits in order to permit the sectioning of long lines and therefore, prevent
the loss of complete circuit due to fault toward the end of the circuit
 In the subdivisions to prevent tripping of the main circuit due to the faults on the branch.
2.4.1.2. Relays

Protective relays generally receive information from devices like from current transformers and
potential transformers and send signal to circuit breaker to open when the fault happens. It is
capable of detecting changes in the receiving signal and if the magnitude of the received signal is
outside the present range it operates to initiate an appropriate control action so as to protect the
power system.

2.4.1.3. High voltage circuit breakers

High voltage circuit breaker interrupt high fault currents, the insulation medium usually used for
circuit is SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride)

2.4.1.4. Automatic Sectionalizer

Automatic sectionalizer are automatically de –energized the faulted section so that to separate un
faulted section to be operated safely.

2.4.1.5. Fuses

[11]
A fuse an over current protective devices used in electrical distribution system. Under normal
operating conditions the heat buildup in fuse elements are dissipated in surrounding air and
therefore the fuse remain at the temperature below its melting points. During fault conditions such
as short circuit, the heat becomes very great cannot bed dissipated too enough. This causes the fuse
element to heat up and becomes belting and thus breaking the circuit.

2.3.Power Quality Issue and System Description

There are different definitions for power quality.

 According to Utility, power quality is reliability.
 According to load aspect, it is defined as the power supplied for satisfactory performance
of all equipment i.e., all sensitive equipment.
 This depends upon the end user. According to end user point of view, it is defined as,
“any power problem manifested in voltage, current, or frequency deviations thatresult in
failure or disoperation of customer equipment”
 In IEEE dictionary, power quality is defined as “the concept of powering and grounding
sensitive equipment in a matter that is suitable to the operation of that equipment”.
 IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission), it is defined as, “set of parameters
defining the properties of the power supply as delivered to the user in normal operating
conditions in terms of continuity of supply and characteristics of voltage (magnitude,
frequency, waveform) [8].

Power quality mainly deals with the interaction among the customers and the utility or it can be
also said that it provides an interaction between the power system and the respective load. Power
quality is the provision of voltage and system design so the user of electric power can utilize
electric energy from the distribution system succefully without interference or interruption. The
broad definition of power quality borders on the system reliability dielectric selection on the
equipment and conductors, long term outage, voltage unbalance in three phase system.

To obtain near perfect power quality the utility could spent vast amount of money and
accommodate equipments with higher power quality needs. Power quality concerns are becoming
more frequent with the proliferation of sensitive electronic equipment and automated process.
Power quality problems are divided into many categories such as interruptions, sags, swells,
transients, noise, flicker, harmonic distortion and frequency variations.

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Reliability is primarily concerned with customer interruptions and is therefore, a subset of power
quality. Though there is general agreement that power quality includes reliability, the boundary
that separates the two is not well defined.

Sustained interruptions (more than a 5 minutes) have always been categorized as a reliability issue,
but many utilities have classified momentary interruptions (less than a 5 minutes) as a power
quality issue.

The reasons are:

 Momentary interruptions are the result of intentional operating practices

 They did not generate a large number of customer complaints.
 They are difficult to measure. Today, both interruptions are an important customer issue and
most distribution engineers consider them a reliability issue.
 Availability deal strictly with interruptions, they are classified as a subset of reliability. There
is the hierarchy of power quality, reliability, and availability is shown below.

Figure. Hierarchy of Power Quality, Reliability and Availability [5]

2.3.1. Short Duration Voltage Variation

Short duration voltage variation is very less which means less than 1min. the main
the main reason for this variation are large load energization, fault conditions and
short duration voltage variation include voltage sag, voltage swell and interruption
etc.

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2.4. Electric Power Distribution Network Configuration
Distribution system is portion of an electric system that delivers electric energy from
transformation points on the transmission system to the customer. It generally considered being
anything from the distribution substation fence to the customer meter and often the initial
overcurrent protection and voltage regulators are within the substation fence and are considered
part of the distribution system. The distribution network typical located at every nook and corner
to provide the electric power supply for all the individual customers Electric distribution network
is usually radial system that exposed to frequent electric power interruption.

 Radial main distribution systems: There are several configurations of distribution systems.
Most distribution circuits are radial (both primary and secondary). Radial circuits have many
advantages over networked circuits including [9].
 Lower fault currents over most of the circuit
 Easier voltage control
 Easier prediction and control of power flows
 Lower cost

A radial system is connected to only one source of supply and is exposed to many interruption
possibilities. The most important of which are those due to overhead line or underground cable
failures or transformer failures. Each event may be accompanied by a long interruption. A radial
system is characterized with by having only one path for the power to flow from the source
(substation) to the customer.

Figure 2.2 a radial distribution system

This is the simplest distribution circuit and has the lowest initial cost. However, it suffers from
the following drawbacks.

 The end of the distributors nearest to the feeder point will be heavily loaded.

[14]
  The customers at the distant end of the distribution would be subjected to serious voltage
fluctuations when the load on the distributor is changed.
 The customers are dependent on a single feeder and single distributor. Therefore, any fault
on the feeder distributor cuts off supply to the customers who are on the side of the fault
away from the substation. The reliability of this system is low.
 Ring main distribution system:

In this system the primaries of the transformers form a loop as shown in figure. In this
configuration alternative path for services feeder must be installed. The loop circuit starts from the
substation bus bars, make a loop through the area to be served, and returned to the substation. The
figure below shows the single line diagram of ring main system for a.c distribution where a
substation supplies to the closed feeder LMNOPQRS. The distributors are tapped from M, O, &
Q of the feeders through distribution transformer.

Fig 2.3. Ring feeder with two energy sources

The ring main system has the following advantages.

 There is very less voltage fluctuation at customer terminals.

 Increase the service reliability.
 The system is very reliable as each distributor is fed from two feeders. In case of fault in
any section of feeder the continuity of supply is maintained. For instance, if the fault
occurs at point F of section SLM of the feeder. The section SLM of the feeder can be
isolated for repair and at the time continuity supply to the customer is maintained through
the feeder SRQPONM.
 Interconnected distribution system:

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When the feeder ring is energized by two or more than two generating stations or substations, it
is called inter connected system [10]. The inter-connected system has the following advantages:

 It increases the service reliability.

 Any area fed from one substation during peak load hours can be fed from the other
substation. This reduces reserve power capacity and increase efficiency of the
system.

Figure 2.4 Interconnected system single line diagrams

2.5.Optimization Methods of Distribution System Reconfigurations

2.5.1. Fuzzy Logic System

Fuzzy logic controller is a decision mechanism represented by a set of fuzzy rules. The alternative
for probability modeling of the reliability is advanced to the fuzzy logic system [11]. And the
possibility theory is characterized by [12].

T. Juhana Hashim and A. Mohamed [13] this paper discussed the implementation of a fuzzy logic
based coordinated voltage control for a distribution system connected with distributed generations
(DGs). The connection of DGs has created a challenge for the distribution network operators to
keep the voltage in the system within its acceptable limits. Intelligent centralized or coordinated
voltage control schemes have proven to be more reliable due to its ability to provide more control
and coordination with the communication with other network devices.

H. Hashemi-Dezaki, H. Askarian-Abyaneh*, H. Haeri-Khiavi [14]the configuration of

distribution system is somehow is considered to be similar with the topology od leaves as natural
optimal system. This very important for reliability of the system.

[16]
2.5.2. Simulated Annealing Method

Young-Jae Jeon, Jae-Chul Kim [15] presented an efficient algorithm for loss minimization by
using an automatic switching operation in large scale distribution systems. Simulated annealing is
particularly well suited for a large combinatorial optimization problem since it can avoid local
minima by accepting improvements in cost. However, it often requires a meaningful cooling
schedule and a special strategy, which makes use of the property of distribution systems in finding
the optimal solution

2.5.3. Particles Swarm Optimization

Khalil and Alexander v. Gorpinich [15] presented a new simple algorithm for solving the
distribution network reconfiguration (DNR) problem. This algorithm is a simple modification to
the binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) called selective particle swarm optimization
(SPSO). The search space for proposed algorithm is a set of branches (switches) which are
normally closed or normally opened, this search space may be dissimilar for different
dimensions.
V.Selve, Dr.G.Baskar,B. Rampradheeba [16], this paper presented about network reconfiguration
is aimed at maximizing the reliability of power supplied to the customers. Binary particle swarm
optimization (BPSO) is used to determine optimal configuration of switches in network in order
to maximize reliability at load points. In the presented work, probabilistic reliability models of the
components are used to estimate the future behavior of the distribution system in terms of the
reliability of supplying power to its customers.
2.5.4. Metaheuristic Algorithms

Sourabh Katoch1 & Sumit Singh Chauhan1 & Vijay Kumar, in this reaaerch paper diffenet gentic
algorism domains were properly covered [15].

Heuristic and Meta-heuristic techniques are the randomized searching procedures. It is described
that swarm optimization techniques and evolutionary techniques are the parts of it. In next section,
and Genetic Algorithms, fuzzy logic, and artificial neural network are described in details. Several
methods have been proposed to solve the reconfiguration problem.

[17]
Figure. Classification of metaheuristic algorithms [15]

[18]
[19]
 CHAPTER THREE

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ASSESSMENT AND MODELING

3.2. Data Collection and Modeling of the Distribution System
The primary data has been collected from EEU of sebeta district office. These data include total
number and rating of transformers, configuration of distribution system, peak loads, different
causes of interruptions etc.
Feeder Transformer Rating (KVA) Total Total
Name 25 50 100 200 315 400 500 630 1250 1600 2000 4000 8000 trafos (MVA)
Feeder 1 2 6 12 32 69 1 2 16 3 143 44.915
Feeder 2 5 11 22 23 66 2 2 18 11 160 55.155
Feeder 3 6 7 12 16 37 2 6 1 87 22.385
Feeder 4 1 8 12 19 47 6 1 6 100 26.910
Feeder 5 1 1 1 2 2 7 7.145
Feeder 6 4 4 8 16.400
Feeder 7 2 15 19 31 58 2 1 14 1 1 144 40.540
Feeder 8 3 8 18 2 2 1 1 35 17.850
Feeder 9 2 10 12 48 3 10 3 88 30.170
Feeder 10 1 2 3 14 11 2 4 1 38 11.260
Feeder 11 2 6 20 27 47 2 2 12 1 1 120 35.165
Feeder 12 13 9 19 39 1 1 7 2 91 25.445
Feeder 13 5 3 5 17 3 33 8.795
Total
19 78 126 206 458 20 15 98 25 2 2 4 1
trafos 1054
Total (KVA) 47
3900 12600 41200 144270 8000 7500 61740 31250 3200 4000 16000 8000 342.135
5

3.4.1. Cause of Outages/Interruptions

A first step to eradicate faults is detecting the source cause for interruptions. In order to increase
reliability of electrical distribution system, so that it is necessary to know the major contributing
factors to the power outage in the system [5]. Historical data summarize the actual performance of
an electric distribution system. The basic data item is a system failure, which is a component outage
or a customer interruption. The customer interruption has been defined and recorded in terms of
the primary causes of the interruption. In the outage cause analysis each failure event recorded was
taken into consideration and sorted according to causes of failure and duration of outage.
In the analysis the contributions of the dominant causes to the equipment failures are calculated
and compared between different years. From historical data of two-year record in the report there
are many cause of power interruption as shown in table 3.2. From monthly report of the year there
are a number of causes for power interruption in the table only the major causes are listed.

Table 3.2. Causes of Power Interruption/Outage of Sebeta Substation

[20]
 s.no Feeders Major cause of power outage
Earth Short circuit Open Over load of Fallen Unknown
fault fault circuit transformer tree
1 Feeder-1
2 Feeder-2
3 Feeder-3
4 Feeder-4
5 Feeder-5
6 Feeder-6
7 Feeder-7
8 Feeder-8
9 Feeder-9
10 Feeder-10
11 Feeder-11
12 Feeder-12
13 Feeder-13
Table 3.2 the major causes of power interruption for each three feeders

3.5. Causes of Electric Power Interruption

There are various factors that electric power to be interrupted. These are equipment failure, animals
contact, windy rains, human errors, natural disasters are some of frequent factors contributing
power outages. Distribution systems are vulnerable to these failure factors and their reliability is
under question. Because of these reasons the brief discussion needed to be presented.
3.5.1. Equipment Failures
Equipment failure is one of the top cause of power outage in electric distribution system. These
equipment failures may be circuit breakers, transformers, load breakers, relays, switches and
insulators. most equipment may fail as the result of the breakdown of one of its component. The
failure data of the equipment if available for product designer or maintenance engineers is very
essential. It can help in identifying the different causes of failure of product and their frequency of
failure. All of these equipments have their own failure rate or probability of failure. In order to

[21]
decrease the failure rate of the equipments proper installation and timely maintenance of the
equipments are highly equipments.
3.5.2. Human Factors/Errors
There are many ways in which the people can cause interruption in an electric distribution system.
These are vehicle contact fallen the poles by humans.
3.5.3. GG
3.6. Load Point Indices
Load point indices are conventional which typically represent the data each connected individual
customer. The load point indices [8] are:
a. Average failure rate, λ(f/yr)

λ𝑖 = λ1 + λ2 + λ3 + λ4 + ⋯ + λ𝑚 = ∑n𝑖=1 λ𝑗 ( 3.1)
where
n= total number of customers connected at load point, i
λ𝑗= average failure rate of the loads at point, i
λ𝑖= average failure rate of the loads at point, i
b. Average outage time, r (hr.)
𝑛
𝑟𝑖1λ𝑖+𝑟𝑖2λ𝑖+𝑟13λ𝑖+𝑟𝑖4λ𝑖+⋯+𝑟𝑖𝑚λ𝑚 𝑟𝑖,𝑗1λ𝑖
r𝑖 = =∑ (3.2)
λ𝑖 𝑖,𝑗=1 λ𝑖

where
n= total number of feeder at load point, i
ri𝑗= average outage time of feeder due to failure rate segment, i
λ𝑖= average failure rate of each segment, i
c. the average outage time(hr./yr.)
Ui= 𝑟𝑖λ𝑖 (3.3)
3.7. System Reliability Indices
System planners and operators use the reliability indices as a tool to improve the level of service
to electric power consumers. According to the requirements for generation, transmission and
distribution capacity additions can be determined by the planners. Operators use these indices to
emphasize the system robustness and withstanding possible failures without catastrophic

[22]
consequences. Sustained interruption indices are distribution indices [6, 9]. The most common
distribution indices include the System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI), Customer
Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI), System Average Interruption Frequency Index
(SAIFI), Momentary Average Interruption Frequency Index (MAIFI), Customer Average
Interruption Frequency Index (CAIFI) Customers Interrupted per Interruption Index (CIII), and
the Average Service Availability Index (ASAI).

1) The System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) (interruption/yr)

The index represents the average number of sustained interruptions experienced by a customer in
a unit time (generally 1 year). The definition of service area is flexible in the sense that the number
of customers and the interruptions experienced by them changes with the definition of the enclosed
area. For instance, a feeder SAIFI indicates the average number of interruptions a customer
serviced by the particular feeder would experience in a year. Similarly, SAIFI reported for a
substation or a distribution system encloses the total customers in the service area. The system
average interruption frequency index is given in Equation (3.4)

Total Number of Customer Interruption Σ (λi Ni)

SAIFI = = ( 3.4)
Total Number of Customers Served Σ Ni

where, λi is the failure rate and Ni is the number of customers at load points i.

2) System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI, h/yr.)

System reliability indices indicates that the annual average performance of distribution network in
terms of interruptions frequency and duration. These indices indicate that the average time a
customer has an interruption during a time cycle (1 year). It is usually specified in customer
minutes or customer hours of interruption /year. SAIDI (system average interruption duration
index) is the average interruption duration per customer served as given in Equation (3.5). It is
determined by dividing the sum of all customer interruption durations during a year by the number
of customers served.

Sum of Customer Interruption Durations Σ (ri Ni)

SAIDI = = (3.5)
Total Number of Customers Σ NT

Where ri is the restoration time , Ni total number of customers interrupted and NT is the total
number of customers connected at load point i. SAIDI can be improved by reducing the number
of interruptions or the duration of the interruptions.

[23]
3) Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI) (h/interruption)
Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI) is the average interruption duration for
those customers interrupted during a year. It is determined by dividing the sum of all customer
interruption durations by the number of customers experiencing one or more interruptions over a
one-year period. The index is the ratio of SAIDI to SAIFI as given in Equations (3.6). It represents
the average time taken to restore service to the customers when a sustained interruption occurs.

Sumof Customer Interruption Durations Σ (Ui Ni) SAIDI

CAIDI = Total Number of Customers Interruptions = = (3.6)
Σ λiNi SAIFI

Where λi is the failure rate, Ui is the annual outage time and Ni is the number of customers at load
point i.

4) Average Service Available Index (ASAI)

The average service availability index (ASAI) gives the fraction of time the customer has power
during the reporting time. Higher ASAI values reflect higher levels of reliability. Equation (3.7) is
used to calculate the value of ASAI for a given service area.

8760 Hours/year−CAIDI
ASAI = ( 3.7)
8760 Hours/year

5) Average Service Unavailable Index(ASUI)

SAIDI
ASUI = 1 − ASAI = (3.8)
8760 Hours/year

6) Expected Energy not supplied index (EENS)

EENS = ∑Li ∗ Ui ( 3.9)

Where Li and Ui respectively are the average connected load and the average annual outage time
at load point i.

(7) Average Energy not supplied index (AENS) (KWh/yr)

Total Energy not Supplied ∑Li Ui

AENS = = ( 3.10)
Total Number of Customers Served ∑Ni

The first five indices are customer-oriented indices and the last two are load and energy-oriented
indices. These indices can be used not only to assess the past performance of a distribution system

[24]
3.8. Harmonics
Harmonics is arising problem for both the electric power utility and customers. Harmonics is
defined as a sinusoidal component of a period wave or quantity having a frequency that is an
integral part of multiple of a fundamental frequency usually 50Hz or 60Hz. Distorted waves can
be split into a sum of fundamental frequency and the harmonics. Harmonics voltages are occurred
as the result of harmonics current as the result of harmonics currents which is created by the
nonlinear electronics loads. These nonlinear loads will draw the distorted current wave from the
supply side. Using Fourier series expansion it can be represented by a distorted wave as follows
[16].

U(t)=𝑈𝑑𝑐 + ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑈(𝑛)𝑠 sin(𝑛𝜔𝑡) +U(n)c cos(𝑛𝜔𝑡) (3.11)

The coefficients are taken as follows:

1 2𝜋
U(n)s=𝜋 ∫0 𝑈(𝑡)𝑠 sin(𝑛𝜔𝑡)d 𝜔𝑡 (3.12)

1 2𝜋
U(n)c=𝜋 ∫0 𝑈(𝑡)𝑠 cos(𝑛𝜔𝑡)d 𝜔𝑡 (3.13)

Where n is an integer and ω=2T/π, T is the fundamental period of the time. It is also common to
use a single quantity, the total harmonic distortion, THD, as the measure of the effective value of harmonic
distortion. The THDU and THDI can be calculated as

𝑇𝐻𝐷𝑢 = √∑∞ 2
𝑛=2 𝑈(𝑛) ⁄
𝑈(1) *100 (3.14)

𝑇𝐻𝐷𝐼 = √∑∞ 2
𝑛=2 𝐼(𝑛) ⁄
𝐼(1) *100 (3.15)

3.9. Reliability Assessment of Existing Sebeta Substation

3.9.1. Analytical Reliability Assessment
Reliably assessment using the analytical method from the recorded data of the EEU of any
substation. In this substation two-year interruption data are obtained from sebeta power utility
districts.

Table 2: Summary of interruption frequency and duration for the year 2019

[25]
 Feeders Name SAIFI SAIDI CAIDI ASAI ASUI

Feeder1 515.26 812.53 1.614223058 0.999815728 0.000184272

Feeder 2 835.3 753.77 1.253451381 0.999856912 0.000143088
Feeder 3 661.36 357.69 1.464157627 0.999832859 0.000167141
Feeder 4 561.18 299.49 2.283075671 0.999739375 0.000260625
Feeder 5 550.09 296.67 3.354207317 0.9996171 0.0003829
Feeder 6 662.33 561.57 2.653565705 0.999697082 0.000302918
Feeder 7 684.85 245.41 1.844465392 0.999789445 0.000210555
Feeder 8 531.34 253.37 3.45025974 0.999606135 0.000393865
Feeder 9 518.73 262.89 2.147950311 0.9997548 0.0002452
Feeder 10 478.31 501.52 1.957879656 0.999776498 0.000223502
Feeder 11 622.77 319.87 1.297978324 0.999851829 0.000148171
Feeder 12 597.58 351.39 1.562709205 0.999821609 0.000178391
Feeder 13 435.46 198.75 1.150792812 0.999868631 0.000131369

Table 2 Summary of interruption frequency and duration for the year 2020

Feeders Name SAIFI SAIDI CAIDI ASAI ASUI

Feeder1 597.1 753.77 1.360793837 0.999844658 0.000155342

Feeder 2 604.3 812.53 1.247344034 0.999857609 0.000142391
Feeder 3 320.5 357.69 1.116037441 0.999872598 0.000127402
Feeder 4 182.5 299.49 1.641041096 0.999812667 0.000187333
Feeder 5 215 296.67 1.379860465 0.999842482 0.000157518
Feeder 6 393.4 561.57 1.427478393 0.999837046 0.000162954
Feeder 7 189 245.41 1.298465608 0.999851773 0.000148227
Feeder 8 218.8 253.37 1.157998172 0.999867808 0.000132192
Feeder 9 190.4 262.89 1.38072479 0.999842383 0.000157617
Feeder 10 469.3 501.52 1.068655444 0.999878007 0.000121993
Feeder 11 316.1 319.87 1.011926606 0.999884483 0.000115517

[26]
 Feeder 12 279.4 351.39 1.25765927 0.999856432 0.000143568
Feeder 13 108.4 198.75 1.833487085 0.999790698 0.000209302

3.10. Reliability and Hazard functions

Reliability is the probability that product will operate or services will be provided properly for a
specified period of time under the desired operating conditions without failure. Reliability of a
system is analyzed based on the reliability component of particular system on the basis of failure
data from devices in service. Hazard function h(t) is the conditional probability of failures in the
time interval ‘t’ to (t+dt) given that there was no failure at time, t, divided by the length of time
interval, dt.

The occurrence of failures of a component will vary during its lifetime and is often being
visualized using a “bathtub curve” (see illustration in Figure 7)

Figure 3.7 Bath-tub component’s life

The life of components follows three major periods:
 Infant mortality period or decreasing failure rate period.

h (t) =-λt 3.11

 Useful life period or constant failure rate period

h (t)= λ 3.12
 Wear-out period or increasing failure rate period

h (t)= λt 3.13
Many components in power systems exhibit constant failure rate during their lifetimes, this occurs
at the end of the early failure region. Burn-in is performed by subjecting components to stress
slightly higher than the expected operating stress for a short period in order to weed out the failure
due to manufacturing defects.

[27]
The CDF of the life of a component is represented by:
F (t) =P [T≤T] 3.14
And

R (t) =1-F (t) 3.15

the reliability is
F (t) =P [T>t] 3.16
Thus, the hazard rate function is
f(t)
h(t) = 3.17
R(t)

3.11. System Modeling

After successful characterization of each component in the given system, I am going to model the
Sebeta substation in general and feeder2 for particular for further improvement of reliability and
quality.

3.11.1. Radial System Structure of the Feeders

Radial system is defined as the system where each component has one path to from the source of
energy. Each component establishes a well-defined relationship with the component on it’s a
adjacent sides.

[28]
[29]
3.12. Capacitor Switching
One of the most common cause of electrical transient is switching of capacitor bank in power
system. Electric utility switching capacitor banks during peak hours to offset the lagging kvar
demand of the load. One common symptom of power quality problems related to capacitor
switching over voltages is that the problems appear ant nearly the same time each day. On
distribution feeders with industrial loads, capacitors are frequently switched by time lock
anticipation of an increase load with the beginning of working day. common problems are
adjustable speed derive trips and malfunction of other electronically controlled loads.

[30]
 CHAPTER FOUR
Simulation Result and Discussion of the Distribution System
4.1. Simulation Result for Existing System
Sebeta substation has 13 feeders with having the total transformers of 230. from the
recorded two-year data
4.1.1. Analytical Result
Table 4.1. analytical reliability assessment for 2019

Reliablity assesment for the 2019

Feeder 13 435.46
378.4
Feeder 12 597.58
382.4
Feeder 11 622.77
479.8
Feeder 10 478.31
244.3
Feeder 9 518.73
241.5
Feeder 8 531.34
154
Feeder 7 684.85
371.3
Feeder 6 662.33
249.6
Feeder 5 550.09
164
Feeder 4 561.18
245.8
Feeder 3 661.36
451.7
Feeder 2 835.3
666.4
Feeder1 515.26
319.2
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Duration of Interruption Frequency of interruption

Table 4.2. analytical reliability assessment for 2020

[31]
 RELIABLITY ASSESMENT FOR THE 2019

Duration of Interruption Frequency of interruption

Feeder 13 198.75
108.4
Feeder 12 351.39
279.4
Feeder 11 319.87
316.1
Feeder 10 501.52
469.3
Feeder 9 262.89
190.4
Feeder 8
218.8253.37
Feeder 7 245.41
189
Feeder 6 561.57
393.4
Feeder 5 296.67
215
Feeder 4 299.49
182.5
Feeder 3
320.5357.69
Feeder 2 812.53
604.3
Feeder1 753.77
597.1
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

4.3. Simulation Result of Existing Configuration

[32]
[33]
 Sector Interruption Cost

Interruption
Duration Cost
Sector Name minutes $/kW
Agricultural 1.00 0.06
20.00 0.34
60.00 0.65
240.00 2.06
480.00 4.12
Commercial 1.00 0.38
20.00 2.97
60.00 8.55
240.00 31.32
480.00 83.01
Govt. & Inst. 1.00 0.04
20.00 0.37
60.00 1.49
240.00 6.56
480.00 26.04
Industrial 1.00 1.63
20.00 3.87
60.00 9.09
240.00 25.16
480.00 55.81
Office & bldg 1.00 4.78
20.00 9.88
60.00 21.06
240.00 68.83
480.00 119.20
Residential 1.00 0.00
20.00 0.09
60.00 0.48
240.00 4.91
15.69

[34]
 AENS 962.9512 MW hr / customer.yr

ALII 116.79 pu (kVA)

ASAI 0.9255 pu

ASUI 0.07445 pu

CAIDI 6.529 hr / customer interruption

CTAIDI 652.188 hr / customer.yr

ECOST 3,093,816.00 $ / yr

EENS 78962.000 MW hr / yr

IEAR 0.039 $ / kW hr

SAIDI 652.1877 hr / customer.yr

SAIFI 99.8894 f / customer.yr

4.3.1. Power quality

[35]
4.4. Optimaziaon Result of the System
For improving of distribution system reliability of distribution system fuzzy logic controller has
been used. The optimal reclosers and switch placement on the distribution system has been
selected.

[36]
[37]
[38]
 Appendix

Table 1: Causes of Interruption and peak load of each line for the Year 2019 (January 01/01/2019 - December
31/12/2019)
January February March

Peak Interruption Peak Interruption Peak Interruption

Line Name (MW) (MW) (MW)

OI SC EF UF Hr. OI SC EF UF Hr. OI SC EF UF Hr.

Feeder 1 9.5 3 2 19 13.8 10.1 10 11 20 16.38 9.6 3 9 13 9.63
Feeder 2 12.2 3 31 20 55.93 12.6 10 11 20 16.38 12.9 7 15 46 63.61
Feeder 3 9.2 1 7 17 27.25 10.4 3 5 32 30.72 9.1 8 7 12 29.93
Feeder 4 9.6 1 2 2 2.97 9.4 1 4 2 1 6.63 10.8 4 13 4 1 21.35
Feeder 5 0.9 3 6 7.25 0.7 13 13.4 1.5 3 5 8.06
Feeder 6 2.5 8 4 2 10 9.6 12 7 3 54.13 2.6 13 14 1 20.02
Feeder 7 7.1 6 16 11 16.38 6.9 4 7 8 11.2 7.1 12 9 15 34.85
Feeder 8 5.1 5 6 1 9.02 4 8 2 5.1 3.8 5 5 42.53
Feeder 9 6.8 14 7 1 32.43 6.1 6 5 8.25 7.8 20 6 1 10.53
Feeder 10 4.3 3 3 3.2 4.1 8 1 2 15.2 7.2 6 5 2 40.4

[39]
Feeder 11 10.6 11 13 14 35.13 10.7 12 4 24 1 22.92 10.9 14 8 12 1 40.25
Feeder 12 11 17 2 11 12.55 10.8 19 4 4 28.88 10.5 21 1 5 17.28
Feeder 13 4.4 12 22 6 21.92 4.5 17 15 5 22.15 10.2 7 15 7 6.7

April May June

Line Name
Peak Interruption Peak Interruption Peak Interruption
(MW) (MW) (MW)

OI SC EF UF Hr. OI SC EF UF Hr. OI SC EF UF Hr.

Feeder 1 9.8 11 21 19 23.6 9.8 9 11 18 129.4 11.3 28 2 2 185.7
Feeder 2 12.7 10 19 45 83.47 13.4 22 6 45 172.2 13.1 25 7 51 172.2
Feeder 3 9.5 8 7 18 33.46 10.1 28 4 9 176.2 27.3 10 3 5 32 176.2
Feeder 4 11 4 4 15 4 60.32 11.7 28 1 13 5 199.4 2.97 9 1 4 2 199.4
Feeder 5 1.5 4 6 11.05 0.9 29 1 195.9 7.25 1 13 195.9
Feeder 6 2.6 16 5 37.26 6.5 33 1 6 202.4 10 10 12 7 3 196.4
Feeder 7 8.7 15 9 8 61 9 29 3 5 194.2 16.4 7 4 7 8 180.3
Feeder 8 2.5 5 1 17.15 6.2 29 2 2 186.05 9.02 4 8 2 187.1
Feeder 9 6.3 6 4 2 11.12 8 29 4 1 168.9 32.4 6 6 5 110.6
Feeder 10 4.1 11 17 54.51 4.8 28 2 3 196.1 3.2 4 8 1 2 3.2
Feeder 11 10.2 10 5 8 4 78.09 11.4 28 4 4 3 191.5 35.1 11 12 4 24 35.13
Feeder 12 11.2 13 5 9 57.12 12.5 29 3 14 195.6 12.6 11 19 4 4 12.55
Feeder 13 4.4 13 4 6 44.32 4.6 25 2 2 177.46 21.9 5 17 15 5 21.92

July August September

Peak Interruption Peak Interruption Peak Interruption
Line (MW) (MW) (MW)
Name
OI SC EF UF Hr. OI SC EF UF Hr. OI SC EF UF Hr.
Line 1 10.7 7 1 9 43.2 10.3 2 3 9 15.13 9.8 4 4 9 28.92
Line 2 12.7 5 11 19 33.5 12.9 8 3 21 33.43 13.4 10 9 26 52.28
Line 3 10.6 7 6 36 82.5 9.04 7 3 19 18.93 11.3 4 2 11 30.25
Line 4 11.4 12 8 3 35.1 10.2 3 4 6 10 9.73 10.9 2 1 8 11 3.9
Line 5 1.4 9 6 2 56.03 1.5 6 7 4 13.58 1.16 3 4 8 28.08
Line 6 3.8 13 1 1 60.3 4.7 13 2 19.15 0.9 6 4 20.95
Line 7 8.2 14 7 5 43.3 8.2 12 12 5 35.53 8.2 11 8 11 10.95
Line 8 3.8 8 3 7 43.7 2.2 4 1 4 7.71 3.9 8 4 17.72
Line 9 6.7 12 4 2 52.2 6.3 6 8 3 19.08 6.3 3 6 8 18.28
Line 4.9 10 2 32 81.1 4.6 7 1 11 20.61 4.4 2 2 11 15.93
10
Line 10.3 14 6 6 4 48.2 9.4 10 8 12 9 15.71 9.9 10 9 12 12 115.38
11
Line 12.4 9 3 9 87.9 13.6 12 5 8 50.61 13 12 6 17 80.93
12

[40]
Line 3.8 9 3 11 46.1 3.9 10 8 14 22.43 4.12 8 9 26 53.12
13
Line 2.3 2 2 0.57 2.3 3 5 2.11 2.4 3 1 5 5.58
14

October November December

Line Name Peak Interruption Peak Interruption Peak Interruption
(MW) (MW) (MW)

OI SC EF UF Hr. OI SC EF UF Hr. OI SC EF UF Hr.

Line 1 7.9 1 4 8 7.5 7.9 1 4 8 7.5 15.2 4 6 9 34.5
Line 2 12.3 7 7 39 65.6 12.3 7 7 39 65.6 13.1 8 21 13 21.1
Line 3 10.6 12 30 17.01 10.6 12 30 17.01 13.3 2 19 8 21.9
Line 4 10.7 4 5 4 4.04 10.7 4 5 4 4.04 15.4 3 1 4 3 14.3
Line 5 1 3 7 1 5.97 1 3 7 1 5.97 1.5 2 8.9
Line 6 0.8 5 8 5.01 0.8 5 8 5.01 0.8 5 3 9 31.7
Line 7 8 5 14 15 30.92 8 5 14 15 30.92 8.7 5 10 4 35.3
Line 8 2.4 3 1 3 3.58 2.4 3 1 3 3.58 3.9 6 1 8.1
Line 9 8.1 2 6 5 41.27 8.1 2 6 5 41.27 6.7 4 4 4.8
Line 10 4.4 2 11 18.03 4.4 2 11 18.03 7.1 5 22 12
Line 11 9.2 7 9 17 4 12.68 9.2 7 9 17 4 12.68 9.3 10 8 7 3 15.1
Line 12 12 3 10 25 20.08 12 3 10 25 20.08 11.4 3 4 10 14
Line 13 4.5 6 8 11 7.02 4.5 6 8 11 7.02 4.1 3 1 5 5.3

Table 2: Summary of Interruption Frequency and Duration for the Year 2019

Peak load Total Frequency of Total duration of

Line (MW) OI SC EF UF interruption interruption

Feeder1 15.2 83 78 143 0 515.26

319.2
Feeder 2 13.4 122 147 384 0 835.3
666.4
Feeder 3 27.25 78 87 227 32 661.36
451.7
Feeder 4 15.4 67 39 76 48 561.18
245.8
Feeder 5 7.25 66 62 29 0 550.09
164
Feeder 6 10 139 47 51 3 662.33
249.6
Feeder 7 16.38 125 113 109 8 684.85
371.3
Feeder 8 9.02 88 24 31 2 531.34
154
Feeder 9 32.43 110 66 33 0 518.73
241.5
Feeder 10 7.2 88 38 109 2 478.31
244.3
Feeder 11 35.13 144 95 137 69 622.77
479.8

[41]
 Feeder 12 13.6 152 72 141 4 597.58
382.4
Feeder 13 21.92 121 112 119 5 435.46
378.4

Table 3: Causes of Interruption and peak load of each line for the Year 2020 (January 01/01/2020
- December 31/12/2020)
January February March
Peak Interruption Peak Interruption Peak Interruption
Line Name (MW) (MW) (MW)

OI SC EF UF Hr. OI SC EF UF Hr. OI SC EF UF Hr.

Feeder 1 14.1 13.3 14.6
5 11 11 23.8 9 7 17 28.4 2 6 7 26.17
Feeder2 12.9 12.7 13.9
9 10 12 31.33 6 19 17 20.4 8 16 21 65.53
Feeder 3 10.3 10.3 10.9
2 9 11.5 2 12 2 15.6 10 6 16.08
Feeder 4 14.1 13.4 15.5
6 5 6 13.83 4 4 6 3 20.7 4 10 13 4 22.05
Feeder 5 1.45 1.2 1.5
3 2 1 1.8 3 7 6.21 8 5 6 16.42
Feeder 6 0.71 0.8 0.9
7 1 4 11.9 8 1 2 18.7 14 2 6 33.5
Feeder 7 8.5 9.4 8.3
4 9 6 8.33 6 14 4 24.1 16 12 6 39.03
Feeder 8 4.69 4.2 3.6
14 18 15.7 6 2 10.9 8 2 7 20.7
Feeder 9 6.5 6.9 7.1
3 10 1 4.02 5 6 2 8.1 3 9 1 19.3
Feeder 10 6.24 8.5 6.4
8 1 4 6.62 8 2 1 13 9 1 13 54.9
Feeder 11 10.1 10.1 10.9
9 5 11 11.05 9 7 16 2 13.5 11 7 15 2 27.38
Feeder 12 11.4 11.5 11.1
5 3 12 20.95 3 10 10 13.1 11 9 5 25.3
Feeder 13 3.88 4 4.5
7 2 6 10.8 8 11 2 8.1 8 9 7 16.3

April May June

Line
Name Peak Interruption Peak Interruption Peak Interruption
(MW) (MW) (MW)

OI SC EF UF Hr. OI SC EF UF Hr. OI SC EF UF Hr.

Feeder 1 7.3 5.9
1 1 5 7.6 5 2 11 9.9 7 6 17
Feeder 2 14.1 12.6 13.1
3 5 18 26.5 9 34 26 101.4 12 36 18 105.7
Feeder 3 10.8 10.8 10.9
14 16 30.95 12 9 35.43 10 7 2.43
Feeder 4 15.4 16.4 16.2
3 3 17 1 24.28 14 2 18 2 23.43 3 13 4 5.11
Feeder 5 8.5 1.6 0.8
9 6 14 29.51 7 2 10 41.45 16 3 3 47.83
Feeder 6 0.81 0.7 0.9
7 4 3 14.35 9 1 21.63 19 2 3 47.26
Feeder 7 7.5 9.2 9
5 13 19 37.3 10 13 11 26.75 14 14 15 50.23
Feeder 8 4 5.6 4.3
5 4 9.5 3 2 2 30.96 12 3 3 18.36
Feeder 9 6 8.1 8.8
8 10 3 21.98 7 7 1 27.68 9 11 1 49.4
Feeder 10 9.4 6.8 6.4
5 3 3 11.15 5 1 4 24.28 10 1 10 17.7

[42]
 Feeder 11 11 10.7 10.2
9 14 8 32.25 13 12 5 1 24.93 18 13 12 39.73
Feeder 12 13.1 11.8 11.9
11 6 11 28.65 4 13 6 17.65 9 8 6 38.73
Feeder 13 4.8 8.1 6.74
4 4 5 13.5 7 8 5 21.75 12 12 18 51.63

July August September

Line Name Peak Interruption Peak Interruption Peak Interruption
(MW) (MW) (MW)

OI SC EF UF Hr. OI SC EF UF Hr. OI SC EF UF Hr.

Feeder 1 8.4
3 4 1.75 6.5 5 2 5 9.3 6.47 1 1 5 1.03
Feeder 2 12.4 12.5 12.2
13 8 27 69.6 26 6 36 130.6 21 5 18 56.5
Feeder 3 11.2 10.8 9.76
5 14 14 21 2 13 4 30.5 5 4 3.7
Feeder 4 15.2 15.9 15.4
1 4 17 1 26.1 12 1 17 8 53.1 10 3 6 7 17.56
Feeder 5 1.3 0.5 0.57
9 1 2 25.2 15 1 3 25.2 13 2 3 23.06
Feeder 6 0.7 0.6 0.9
14 17.7 14 2 5 70.6 9 13 16 23.55
Feeder 7 9.3 9 9.3
10 12 15 99.4 16 9 14 135.9 12 4 13 74.31
Feeder 8 5 4.2 4.66
5 5 3 12.2 8 10 14.1 15 13 17.5
Feeder 9 6.8 6.9 6.59
10 17 3 57.7 16 7 3 21.7 6 17 6 25.9
Feeder 10 9 6.5 7.47
9 4 5 30.9 2 4 4 19.6 14 3 7 39.46
Feeder 11 11 10.6 11
10 14 19 2 70.5 15 16 15 2 75.15 16 17 23 53.93
Feeder 12 12.2 13.1 10.7
10 11 8 44.2 11 6 11 41.35 18 9 13 28.33
Feeder 13 4.3 5.8 6.19
7 8 7 30.3 11 6 4 22.5 15 11 4 40.33

October November December

Line Name Peak Interruption Peak Interruption Peak Interruption
(MW) (MW) (MW)

OI SC EF UF Hr. OI SC EF UF Hr. OI SC EF UF Hr.

Feeder 1
6.4 3 2 12 13.1 7 1 4 2 387.43 12.1 5 11 13 14.7
Feeder 2 12 12.7 12.1
15 16 34 106.2 11 9 9 33.1 9 12 29 65.7
Feeder 3 10.5 11.7 12.3
5 13 13 21.2 5 10 3 14 3 2 4 13.4
Feeder 4 15.3 15.4 16.5
5 18 3 44.6 16 1 12 33.5 1 3 13 33.5
Feeder 5 0.6 1.1 1.1
4 5 51.9 4 1 5.5 1 1 4 25.4
Feeder 6 0.9 0.95 1
8 5 1 14.6 11 4 7 11.6 11 1 11.4
Feeder 7 5.95 8.64 6.2
5 13 3 22.6 7 16 10 22.65 8 12 14 21
Feeder 8 3.64 5.31 3.5
6 2 3 13.7 7 3 4 8.5 3 1 4 2.33
Feeder 9 6.8 6.5 7.4
2 2 5 5.4 3 5 2 8.18 2 2 5 3.98
Feeder 10 7.04 8.8 6.5
11 6 18.1 10 3 3 13.9 4 1 2 13.3

[43]
 Feeder 11 10.9 11.3 10.7
10 26 12 2 14.4 10 8 8 1 21.5 7 12 14 17.2
Feeder 12 10.9 11.6 11.7
7 2 12 16.6 5 4 12 13.48 2 10 10 31.6
Feeder 13 8.4 6.6 6.7
8 10 4 13.7 11 7 8 13.45 6 5 4 9.02

Table 4: Summary of interruption frequency and duration for the year 2020

Line No. MW OI SC EF UF Total Freq. of Total duration of interruption

interruption
Feeder 1 14.1 142 176 265 0 597.1 812.53
Feeder 2 12.3 181 237 174 0 604.3 453.77

Feeder 3 16.5 76 39 156 33 320.5 317.69

Feeder 4 8.5 92 36 46 0 182.5 299.49
Feeder 5 1 131 34 49 0 215 296.67
Feeder 6 9.4 113 141 130 0 393.4 561.57
Feeder 7 5.6 92 24 67 0 189 174.41
Feeder 8 8.8 74 103 33 0 218.8 253.37
Feeder 9 9.4 95 24 62 0 190.4 262.89
Feeder 10 11.3 137 151 158 12 469.3 401.52
Feeder 11 13.1 96 91 116 0 316.1 319.87
Feeder 12 8.4 104 93 74 0 279.4 251.39
Feeder 13 2.4 16 11 39 0 68.4 168.75

Table 5: Monthly load report for the years 2019 and 2020

Year 2019 Year 2020

Line Peak Load Minimum Load Peak Load Minimum Load

Month
Name
Power Power Power Power
Time Date
(MW) (MW) (MW) (MW)
Time Date Time Date Time Date
23/1/2019 2:00 8/1/2019 14.07 19:00 6/1/2020 2.05 3:00 1/1/2020
L1 9.5 20:00 1.3
26/1/2019 4:00 9/1/2019 12.86 9:00 11/1/2020 1.71 0:00 1/1/2020
L2 12.2 9:00 1
6/1/2019 3:00 8/1/2019 10.29 20:00 6/1/2020 1.67 3:00 7/1/2020
L3 9.2 20:00 1.5
6/1/2019 20:00 22/1/2019 14.12 19:00 6/1/2020 1.83 1:00 10/1/2020
L4 9.6 12:00 1.3
1/1/2019 17:00 14/1/2019 1.45 16:00 17/01/20 0.09 15:00 11/1/2020
L5 0.9 9:00 0.1
10:00 24/1/2019 15:00 26/1/2019 0.71 9:00 17/01/20 0.24 3:00 9/1/2020
L6 2.5 0.1
9:00 5/1/2019 17:00 4/1/2019 8.5 14:00 9/1/2020 0.90 2:00 21/1/20
L7 7.1 0.8
Jan
23/1/2019 3:00 10/1/2019 4.69 20:00 11/1/2020 0.83 3:00 18/1/20
L8 5.1 20:00 0.5
18:00 2/1/2019 1:00 8/1/2019 6.5 11:00 31/01/20 0.62 0:00 7/1/2020
L9 6.8 0.6
12:00 18/1/2019 2:00 8/1/2019 6.24 11:00 20/01/20 0.95 3:00 8/1/2020
L10 4.3 0.8
3/1/2019 2:00 8/1/2019 10.05 13:00 29/01/20 1.95 2:00 6/1/2020
L11 10.6 19:00 1.9
23/1/2019 3:00 21/1/2019 11.4 20:00 6/1/2020 2.26 2:00 8/1/2020
L12 11 20:00 2.2
10/1/2019 1:00 10/1/2019 3.88 19:00 6/1/2020 0.71 2:00 1/1/2020
L13 4.4 19:00 0.2
7:00 18/1/2019 11:00 31/1/2019 2.29 18:00 1/1/2020 0.43 1:00 7/1/2020
L14 2.7 0.4

[44]
 12.02 20:00 12/1/2020 0.76 2:00 24/01/20
L15
27/02/19 2:00 27/02/19 13.3 19:00 8/2/2020 2.80 4:00 11/2/2020
L1 10.1 20:00 2.1
23/02/19 15:00 3/2/2019 12.7 10:00 16/2/20 1.70 16:00 22/2/20
L2 12.6 12:00 1.2
25/02/19 15:00 28/02/19 10.3 19:00 1/2/2020 1.80 3:00 26/2/20
L3 10.4 20:00 1
20/02/19 2:00 18/02/19 13.4 14:00 29/2/20 1.20 8:00 23/2/20
L4 9.4 20:00 1.7
8/2/2019 8:00 3/2/2019 1.2 11:00 1/2/2020 0.10 20:00 1/2/2020
L5 0.7 16:00 0.1
11:00 28/02/19 2:00 4/2/2019 0.8 10:00 20/2/20 0.30 03:00 5/2/2020
L6 9.6 0.2
February 11:00 28/02/19 2:00 25/02/19 9.4 10:00 15/2/20 1.10 4:00 17/2/20
L7 6.9 1.4
4/2/2019 8:00 24/02/19 4.2 15:00 26/2/20 0.70 3:00 9/2/2020
L8 4 20:00 0.3
12:00 13/02/19 1:00 18/02/19 6.9 12:00 15/2/20 0.70 3:00 9/2/2020
L9 6.1 1.3
13:00 19/02/19 3:00 20/02/19 8.5 15:00 26/2/20 1.40 3:00 24/2/20
L10 4.1 1
2/2/2019 3:00 25/02/19 10.1 9:00 1/2/2020 0.90 2:00 10/2/2020
L11 10.7 9:00 2.3
11/2/2019 4:00 23/02/19 11.5 20:00 8/2/2020 2.40 3:00 5/2/2020
L12 10.8 20:00 1.3
1/2/2019 15:00 11/2/2019 4 19:00 25/2/20 0.50 8:00 17/2/20
L13 4.5 12:00 0.6
18/3/19 2:00 8/3/2019 14.6 19:00 16/03/20 2.30 3:00 13/3/20
L1 9.6 20:00 2.3
9/3/2019 20:00 7/3/2019 13.9 11:00 20/3/20 0.02 15:00 5/3/2020
L2 12.9 9:00 0.1
9/3/2019 0:00 9/3/2019 10.9 19:00 28/3/20 1.80 15:00 1/3/2020
L3 9.1 20:00 0.4
28/3/19 3:00 6/3/2019 15.5 19:00 17/3/20 2.60 3:00 17/3/20
L4 10.8 19:00 0.5
26/3/19 12:00 2/3/2019 1.5 16:00 17/3/20 0.04 20:00 5/3/2020
L5 1.5 14:00 0.1
6:00 31/3/19 14:00 20/3/2019 0.9 9:00 23/3/20 0.04 2:00 6/3/2020
L6 2.6 0.2
March 14:00 12/3/2019 3:00 18/3/2019 8.3 11:00 21/3/20 0.80 15:00 21/3/20
L7 7.1 1.4
8/3/2019 3:00 10/3/2019 3.6 13:00 22/3/20 0.60 3:00 15/3/20
L8 3.8 16:00 0.5
14:00 6/3/2019 3:00 4/3/2019 7.1 10:00 16/3/20 0.70 3:00 9/3/2020
L9 7.8 1.2
16:00 8/3/2019 1:00 11/3/2019 6.4 20:00 16/3/20 1.30 3:00 18/3/20
L10 7.2 0.95
27/3/19 3:00 30/3/2019 10.9 12:00 18/3/20 1.70 3:00 9/3/2020
L11 10.9 11:00 0.72
13/3/19 3:00 9/3/2019 11.1 13:00 21/3/20 0.60 2:00 17/3/20
L12 10.5 19:00 2.7
20/3/19 1:00 25/3/2019 4.5 9:00 9/3/2020 0.60 3:00 9/3/2020
L13 10.2 20:00 0.9
20/4/2019 2:00 23/4/2019 7.3 21:00 17/04/20 0.14 10:00 16/04/20
L1 9.8 19:00 1.16
6/4/2019 16:00 13/4/2019 14.1 13:00 3/4/2020 0.50 3:00 27/04/20
L2 12.7 11:00 0.9
7/4/2019 9:00 3/4/2019 10.8 12:00 18/04/20 1.40 3:00 3/4/2020
L3 9.5 9:00 0.14
10/4/2019 3:00 10/4/2019 15.4 18:00 30/04/20 1.30 14:00 8/4/2020
L4 11 20:00 0.57
13/4/2019 12:00 2/4/2019 8.5 16:00 30/04/20 0.02 20:00 3/4/2020
L5 1.5 9:00 0
11:00 2/4/2019 2:00 28/4/209 0.81 10:00 9/4/2020 0.23 01:00 6/4/2020
L6 2.6 0.21
April 20:00 24/4/2019 2:00 29/4/2019 7.5 11:00 23/04/20 0.90 4:00 27/04/20
L7 8.7 1.16
27/4/2019 3:00 15/4/2019 4 13:00 18/04/20 0.50 3:00 3/4/2020
L8 2.5 12:00 0.42
11:00 25/4/2019 4:00 28/4/2019 6 14:00 24/04/20 0.50 3:00 18/04/20
L9 6.3 0.59
17:00 20/4/2019 3:00 28/4/2019 9.4 13:00 15/04/20 0.95 1:00 20/04/20
L10 4.1 0.64
11/4/2019 3:00 29/4/2019 11 13:00 18/04/20 1.54 2:00 20/04/20
L11 10.2 11:00 1.3
27/4/2019 15:00 17/4/2019 13.1 12:00 18/04/20 1.80 3:00 15/04/20
L12 11.2 12:00 0.78
6/4/2019 3:00 29/4/2019 4.8 19:00 18/04/20 0.40 4:00 19/04/20
L13 4.4 12:00 0.69
May 9.8 20:00 4/9/2019 0.16 20:00 8/5/2019 5.9 11:00 20/5/20 0.30 2:00 20/5/20
L1

[45]
 13.4 14:00 6/9/2019 0.8 23:00 7/5/2019 12.6 11:00 8/5/2020 0.02 12:00 21/5/20
L2
11.3 19:00 19/09/19 1.16 18:00 20/5/19 10.8 20:00 27/05/20 0.90 18:00 13/5/20
L3
10.9 19:00 11/9/2019 0.97 15:00 5/5/2019 16.4 18:00 22/05/20 1.90 4:00 11/5/2020
L4
1.16 14:00 17/09/19 0.09 14:00 2/5/2019 1.6 10:00 16/05/20 0.02 3:00 17/5/20
L5
0.9 8:00 6/9/2019 0.3 01:00 24/5/19 0.7 10:00 28/05/20 0.07 11:00 3/5/2020
L6
8.2 11:00 20/09/19 1.04 2:00 9/5/2019 9.2 15:00 3/5/2020 1.02 11:00 3/5/2020
L7
3.9 12:00 3/9/2019 0.6 02;00 9/5/2019 5.6 14:00 2/5/2020 0.04 2:00 30/5/20
L8
6.3 14:00 18/09/19 0.5 3:00 13/5/19 8.1 16:00 8/5/2020 0.70 3:00 18/5/20
L9
4.4 19:00 6/9/2019 0.5 2:00 13/5/19 6.8 16:00 4/5/2020 0.80 4:00 7/5/2020
L10
9.9 14:00 16/09/19 1.5 4:00 13/5/19 10.7 4/5/2020 1.40 9:00 18/5/20
L11 16:00
13.02 20:00 7/9/2019 1.7 3:00 29/5/19 11.8 18:00 18/5/20 2.02 3:00 13/5/20
L12
4.12 20:00 22/09/19 0.6 3:00 3/5/2019 8.1 12:00 19/5/20 0.70 11:00 3/5/2020
L13
11.3 12:00 22/06/19 1.9 4:00 30/06/19 7 19:00 19/6/20 0.64 18:00 19/6/20
L1
13.4 19:00 26/06/19 0.3 14:00 16/06/19 13.1 11:00 6/6/20 1.02 16:00 20/6/20
L2
10.1 16:00 18/06/19 0.14 20:00 22/06/19 10.9 15:00 22/6/20 0.02 3:00 1/6/2020
L3
11.7 16:00 8/6/2019 1.5 1:00 27/06/19 16.2 13:00 25/6/20 2.43 2:00 12/6/20
L4
0.9 15:00 27/06/19 0.1 20:00 1/6/2019 0.8 14:00 16/6/20 0.01 2:00 23/6/20
L5
6.5 12:00 18/06/19 0.3 24:00:00 28/06/19 0.9 2:00 23/6/20 0.02 4:00 5/6/2020
L6
June 9 11:00 21/06/19 0.2 3:00 24/06/19 9 11:00 12/6/20 0.83 0:00 30/6/20
L7
6.2 18:00 26/06/19 0.6 3:00 2/6/2019 4.3 4:00 12/6/20 0.07 1:00 1/6/2020
L8
8 11:00 27/06/19 0.95 14:00 20/06/19 8.8 13:00 1/6/20 0.48 0:00 30/6/20
L9
4.8 12:00 27/06/19 0.95 4:00 11/6/2019 6.4 13:00 3/6/20 1.07 0:00 30/6/20
L10
11.4 11:00 28/06/19 0.83 2:00 5/6/2019 10.24 13:00 12/6/20 1.26 0:00 30/6/20
L11
12.5 16:00 8/6/2019 1.7 3:00 14/06/19 11.88 12:00 25/6/20 2.34 2:00 1/6/2020
L12
4.6 17:00 3/6/2019 0.05 2:00 17/06/19 6.74 18:00 1/6/20 0.31 2:00 27/6/20
L13
10.7 10:00 6/7/2019 2.4 2:00 29/7/19 8.4 13:00 8/7/2020 0.80 1:00 18/7/20
L1
12.7 9:00 13/7/19 0.3 12:00 16/7/19 12.4 15:00 17/7/20 0.70 4:00 3/7/2020
L2
10.6 17:00 4/7/2019 0.3 3:00 18/7/19 11.2 20:00 25/7/20 0.60 4:00 3/7/2020
L3
11.4 20:00 4/7/2019 0.1 11:00 10/7/2019 15.2 13:00 2/7/2020 0.20 11:00 25/7/20
L4
1.4 14:00 10/7/2019 0.02 8:00 2/7/2019 1.3 9:00 17/7/20 0.20 7:00 1/7/2020
L5
3.8 11:00 31/7/19 0.3 1:00:00 8/7/2019 0.7 11:00 30/7/20 0.20 3:00 10/7/20
L6
July 8.2 10:00 3/7/2019 0.3 3:00 1/7/2019 9.3 10:00 18/7/20 0.70 1:00 1/7/2020
L7
3.8 20:00 5/7/2019 0.5 2:00 5/7/2019 5 13:00 13/7/20 0.60 4:00 3/7/2020
L8
6.7 10:00 19/7/19 1.2 3:00 29/7/19 6.8 10:00 17/7/20 0.30 4:00 3/7/2020
L9
4.9 19:00 2/7/2019 0.9 2:00 8/7/2019 9 19:00 19/7/20 0.70 4:00 1/7/2020
L10
10.3 11:00 4/7/2019 1.2 3:00 17/7/19 11 10:00 10/7/2020 0.80 2:00 1/7/2020
L11
12.4 17:00 19/7/19 2.6 11:00 14/7/19 12.2 12:00 13/7/20 0.20 1:00 4/7/2020
L12
3.8 13:00 6/7/2019 0.6 3:00 5/7/2019 4.3 19:00 22/7/20 0.60 2:00 4/7/2020
L13
10.3 20:00 21/08/19 0.7 15:00 22/08/19 6.5 19:00 26/8/20 0.40 6:00 26/8/20
L1
August 12.9 19:00 10/8/2019 1.1 12:00 28/08/19 12.5 10:00 21/6/8/20 0.01 10:00 27/8/20
L2
9.04 13:00 31/08/19 1.2 2:00 07/08/19/ 10.8 20:00 7/8/2020 0.35 5:00 28/8/20
L3

[46]
 10.24 13:00 31/08/19 1.1 15:00 9/8/2019 15.9 19:00 18/7/20 0.02 17:00 25/8/20
L4
1.5 16:00 26/08/19 0.09 3:00 3/8/2019 0.5 10:00 22/8/20 0.02 1:00 1/8/2020
L5
4.7 2:00 10/8/2019 0.3 12:00 16/08/19 0.6 12:00 7/8/2020 0.16 3:00 6/8/2020
L6
8.2 11:00 24/08/19 0.7 14:00 22/08/19 9 11:00 18/8/20 0.50 8:00 12/8/20
L7
2.2 20:00 14/08/19 0.5 3:00 19/08/19 4.2 3:00 9/8/2020 0.69 3:00 6/8/2020
L8
6.3 13:00 8/8/2019 0.9 3:00 12/8/2019 6.9 11:00 4/8/2020 0.69 3:00 12/8/20
L9
4.6 12:00 3/8/2019 7 3:00 19/08/19 6.5 12:00 7/8/2020 0.97 3:00 3/8/2020
L10
9.4 11:00 24/08/19 1.9 3:00 12/8/2019 10.6 13:00 27/8/20 1.30 3:00 3/8/2020
L11
13.6 12:00 11/8/2019 2.1 6:00 10/8/2019 13.1 14:00 31/8/20 1.80 3:00 3/8/2020
L12
3.9 13:00 31/08/19 0.2 1:00 6/8/2019 5.8 13:00 31/8/20 0.16 7:00 25/8/20
L13
9.8 20:00 4/9/2019 0.16 20:00 8/9/2019 6.47 9:00 11/9/2020 0.80 15:00 8/9/2020
L1
13.4 14:00 6/9/2019 0.8 23:00 7/9/2019 12.19 9:00 0109/20 1.28 3:00 13/09/20
L2
11.3 19:00 19/09/19 1.16 18:00 20/09/19 9.76 9:00 11/9/2020 1.04 8:00 8/9/2020
L3
10.9 19:00 11/9/2019 0.97 15:00 5/9/2019 15.35 12:00 11/9/2020 1.50 2:00 4/9/2020
L4
1.16 14:00 17/09/19 0.09 14:00 2/9/2019 0.57 14:00 1/9/2020 0.02 1:00 2/9/2020
L5
0.9 8:00 6/9/2019 0.3 01:00 24/09/19 0.9 12:00 16/09/20 0.21 24:00 1/9/2020
L6
September 8.2 11:00 20/09/19 1.04 2:00 9/9/2019 9.3 11:00 21/09/20 0.73 2:00 28/09/20
L7
3.9 12:00 3/9/2019 0.6 02;00 9/9/2019 4.66 7:00 18/09/20 0.71 2:00 3/9/2020
L8
6.3 14:00 18/09/19 0.5 3:00 13/09/19 6.59 11:00 4/9/2020 0.42 3:00 28/09/20
L9
4.4 19:00 6/9/2019 0.5 2:00 13/09/19 7.47 11:00 8/9/2020 0.76 3:00 14/09/20
L10
9.9 14:00 16/09/19 1.5 4:00 13/09/19 11.04 14:00 17/09/20 0.83 0:00 2/9/2020
L11
13.02 20:00 7/9/2019 1.7 3:00 29/09/19 10.66 19:00 19/09/20 1.61 3:00 16/09/20
L12
4.12 20:00 22/09/19 0.6 3:00 3/9/2019 6.19 12:00 8/9/2020 0.88 2:00 14/09/20
L13
7.9 11:00 27/10/19 0.17 15:00 8/10/2019 6.4 19:00 3010/20 0.90 3:00 17/10/20
L1
12.3 11:00 12/10/2019 0.57 16:00 7/10/2019 12.04 11:00 28/10/20 1.14 14:00 31/10/20
L2
10.6 19:00 7/10/2019 1.00 3:00 22/10/19 10.5 19:00 30/10/20 0.70 16:00 8/10/2020
L3
10.7 19:00 22/10/19 1.12 15:00 1/10/2019 15.28 13:00 3/10/20 2.30 1:00 20/10/20
L4
1 14:00 11/10/2019 0.10 20:00 21/10/19 0.6 15:00 16/10/20 0.02 21:00 20/10/20
L5
0.8 10:00 8/10/2019 0.24 04:00 27/10/19 0.9 13:00 25/10/20 0.28 2:00 22/10/20
L6
October 8 15:00 9/10/2019 0.93 3:00 25/10/19 5.95 10:00 5/10/20 0.19 2:00 22/10/20
L7
2.4 12:00 5/10/2019 0.53 2:00 12/10/2019 3.64 19:00 21/10/20 0.66 3:00 17/10/20
L8
8.1 15:00 11/10/2019 0.31 2:00 25/10/19 6.8 11:00 7/10/20 0.50 4:00 11/10/20
L9
4.4 19:00 4/10/2019 0.67 3:00 27/10/19 7.04 17:00 14/10/20 0.20 1:00 26/10/20
L10
9.2 19:00 16/10/19 1.19 3:00 25/10/19 10.9 11:00 9/10/20 1.30 4:00 12/10/20
L11
12 13:00 20/10/19 1.05 1:00 24/10/19 10.9 19:00 23/10/20 1.70 3:00 1/10/2020
L12
4.5 6:00 15/10/19 0.17 2:00 6/10/2019 8.4 15:00 31/10/20 0.50 16:00 11/10/20
L13
7.9 11:00 27/10/19 0.17 15:00 8/11/2019 7 19:00 9/11/20 0.78 15:00 9/11/2020
L1
12.3 11:00 12/10/2019 0.57 16:00 7/11/2019 12.7 9:00 0.12 15:00 2/11/2020
L2 12/11/20
November 10.6 19:00 7/10/2019 1.00 3:00 22/11/19 11.7 19:00 20/11/20 0.76 6:00 5/11/2020
L3
10.7 19:00 22/10/19 1.12 15:00 1/11/2019 15.4 20:00 20/11/20 1.55 2:00 11/11/20
L4
1 14:00 11/10/2019 0.10 20:00 21/11/19 1.1 15:00 23/11/20 0.02 1:00 23/11/20
L5

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 0.8 10:00 8/10/2019 0.24 04:00 27/11/19 0.95 13:00 16/11/20 0.09 3:00 20/11/20
L6
8 15:00 9/10/2019 0.93 3:00 25/11/19 8.64 11:00 28/11/20 0.67 16:00 1/11/2020
L7
2.4 12:00 5/10/2019 0.53 2:00 12/11/2019 5.31 20:00 25/11/20 0.62 1:00 23/11/20
L8
8.1 15:00 11/10/2019 0.31 2:00 25/11/19 6.5 10:00 18/11/20 1.07 3:00 16/11/20
L9
4.4 19:00 4/10/2019 0.67 3:00 27/11/19 8.8 19:00 9/11/20 1.31 3:00 2/11/2020
L10
9.2 19:00 16/10/19 1.19 3:00 25/11/19 11.3 19:00 18/11/20 1.80 3:00 2/11/2020
L11
12 13:00 20/10/19 1.05 1:00 24/11/19 11.62 19:00 13/11/20 2.43 2:00 5/11/2020
L12
4.5 6:00 15/10/19 0.17 2:00 6/11/2019 6.6 11:00 28/11/20 0.90 3:00 2/11/2020
L13
2.3 14:00 29/10/19 0.40 17:00 29/11/19 2.4 18:00 0.40 9:00 28/11/20
L14 12/11/20
12.1 20:00 20/11/20 0.50 16:00 9/11/2020
L15
15.2 19:00 6/12/2019 1.30 2:00 3/12/2019 7.1 19:00 9/11/20 0.78 15:00
L1
13.1 10:00 21/12/19 1.60 17:00 5/12/2019 12.1 12:00 0.50 20:00 20/12/20
L2 2/12/20
13.3 8:00 19/12/19 1.10 2:00 16/12/19 12.3 19:00 20/12/20 2.30 3:00 9/12/2020
L3
15.4 19:00 3/12/2019 1.60 4:00 2/12/2019 16.5 19:00 24/12/20 1.20 3:00 22/12/20
L4
1.5 15:00 16/12/19 0.10 17:00 31/12/19 1.1 10:00 24/12/20 0.02 1:00 24/12/20
L5
0.8 12:00 27/12/19 0.20 3:00 2/12/2019 1 13:00 2/12/20 0.30 3:00 11/12/20
L6
8.7 11:00 27/12/19 0.20 1:00 26/12/19 6.2 11:00 22/12/20 0.89 3:00 7/12/2020
L7
December
3.9 20:00 31/12/19 0.50 2:00 1/12/2019 3.5 19:00 2/12/20 0.70 5:00 2/12/2020
L8
6.7 10:00 27/12/19 0.60 3:00 18/12/19 7.4 17:00 16/12/20 0.90 0:00 20/12/20
L9
7.1 18:00 3/12/2019 0.80 3:00 2/12/2019 6.5 19:00 17/12/20 1.70 2:00 17/12/20
L10
9.3 19:00 5/12/2019 1.40 3:00 2/12/2019 10.7 19:00 22/12/20 1.96 3:00 28/12/20
L11
11.4 19:00 9/12/2019 2.30 4:00 8/12/2019 11.7 20:00 29/12/202/12/20 2.30 2:00 12/12/20
L12
4.1 19:00 12/12/2019 0.60 3:00 23/12/19 6.7 12:00 2/12/20 1.05 3:00 28/12/20
L13
2.7 6:00 14/12/19 0.40 10:00 13/12/19 2.3 19:00 0.26 14:00 24/12/20
L14 8/12/20

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