Vocabulary:

Headline: The title or heading of a news story that summarizes the main point.

Breaking News: Important news happening now and is updated frequently.

Editorial: An article in a newspaper or magazine that represents the opinion of the

publication.

Bias: Prejudice or favouritism for or against one particular group or point of view.

Credible Source: A reliable and trustworthy origin of information or news.

Exclusive Interview: A news story that features an interview with someone who hasn't
spoken to the press before.

Scoop: To report a news story before any other news outlet, often an exclusive story.

Front Page: The first newspaper page where the most important news stories are
featured.

Idioms:

In the Limelight: To be the center of public attention or the focus of media scrutiny.

Hot Off the Press: Information that is very new and has just been made available to the
public.

Read Between the Lines: To look for a deeper or hidden meaning in a news story or
statement.

Spill the Beans: To reveal or disclose confidential information or a secret.

Hold Water: If an argument or statement holds water, it means it is reasonable and

logical.

Blow the Whistle: To expose illegal or unethical activities, often within an organization.

The Ball Is in Your Court: It's your turn to take action or respond to a situation.

Turn the Tables: To reverse a situation, often during a debate or discussion.

Six questions based on the article about the Nightshade tool:

What is the main purpose of the Nightshade tool described in the article?

How can Nightshade affect image-generating AI models, such as DALL-E or

Midjourney?

According to the article, why are some artists interested in using Nightshade on their art
before uploading it online?

What do you understand by the term "data poisoning" in the context of this article?

How does the Glaze tool mentioned in the article work, and what is its purpose?

Six questions based on the article about rapid melting in West Antarctica:

What is the main concern addressed in this article regarding West Antarctica's ice
shelves?

According to the article, how is global warming impacting West Antarctica?

How much could West Antarctica's ice contribute to global sea level rise if it melted
completely?

Why is the Thwaites Glacier referred to as the "Doomsday Glacier"?

What are the potential consequences of ice shelf melting in West Antarctica for coastal
communities and low-lying island nations?

According to the article, why should humanity continue efforts to reduce fossil fuel
emissions despite the challenges in West Antarctica?
 This new data poisoning tool lets artists fight back against
generative AI
The tool, called Nightshade, messes up training data in ways that could cause serious
damage to image-generating AI models.

By Melissa Heikkiläarchive
October 23, 2023

A new tool lets artists add invisible changes to the pixels in their art before they upload it
online so that if it’s scraped into an AI training set, it can cause the resulting model to
break in chaotic and unpredictable ways.

The tool, called Nightshade, is intended as a way to fight back against AI companies
that use artists’ work to train their models without the creator’s permission. Using it to
“poison” this training data could damage future iterations of image-generating AI
models, such as DALL-E, Midjourney, and Stable Diffusion, by rendering some of their
outputs useless—dogs become cats, cars become cows, and so forth. MIT Technology
Review got an exclusive preview of the research, which has been submitted for peer
review at computer security conference Usenix.

AI companies such as OpenAI, Meta, Google, and Stability AI are facing a slew of
lawsuits from artists who claim that their copyrighted material and personal information
was scraped without consent or compensation. Ben Zhao, a professor at the University
of Chicago, who led the team that created Nightshade, says the hope is that it will help
tip the power balance back from AI companies towards artists, by creating a powerful
deterrent against disrespecting artists’ copyright and intellectual property.

Zhao’s team also developed Glaze, a tool that allows artists to “mask” their own
personal style to prevent it from being scraped by AI companies. It works in a similar
way to Nightshade: by changing the pixels of images in subtle ways that are invisible to
the human eye but manipulate machine-learning models to interpret the image as
something different from what it actually shows.

The artists can choose whether they want to use the data-poisoning tool or not. The
more people use it and make their own versions of it, the more powerful the tool
becomes, Zhao says. The data sets for large AI models can consist of billions of
images, so the more poisoned images can be scraped into the model, the more damage
the technique will cause.
 Rapid melting in West Antarctica is ‘unavoidable,’ with potentially
disastrous consequences for sea level rise, study finds

By Rachel Ramirez, CNN. October 23, 2023

Rapid melting of West Antarctica’s ice shelves may now be unavoidable as

human-caused global warming accelerates, with potentially devastating implications for
sea level rise around the world, new research has found.

Even if the world meets ambitious targets to limit global heating, West Antarctica will
experience substantial ocean warming and ice shelf melting, according to the new study
published Monday in the journal Nature Climate Change.

West Antarctica is already the continent’s largest contributor to global sea level rise and
has enough ice to raise sea levels by an average of 5.3 meters, or more than 17 feet.
It’s home to the Thwaites Glacier, also known as the “Doomsday glacier,” because its
collapse could raise sea levels by several feet, forcing coastal communities and
low-lying island nations to either build around sea level rise or abandon these places,
Naughten said.

West Antarctic ice shelf melting is one impact of climate change “we are probably just
going to have to adapt to and that very likely means some amount of sea level rise we
cannot avoid,” Naughten said.

But although the outlook is dire, humanity cannot give up on slashing fossil fuel
emissions, Naughten said. Devastating impacts can still be avoided in other parts of
Antarctica and the rest of the world, she noted.

But although the outlook is dire, humanity cannot give up on slashing fossil fuel
emissions, Naughten said. Devastating impacts can still be avoided in other parts of
Antarctica and the rest of the world, she noted.