Human Anatomy 7th Edition Martini

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Human Anatomy, 7e (Martini/Timmons/Tallitsch)
Chapter 8 The Skeletal System: Articulations

8.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) Various classifications of joints are based on

A) range of motion permitted.
B) structural composition.
C) specific type of movement.
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

2) A joint that permits free movement is called

A) a synarthrosis.
B) a hinge joint.
C) a synovial joint.
D) a synchondrosis.
E) an amphiarthrosis.
Answer: C
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

3) Which of the following is the correct classification for the articulation of the distal ends of the
tibia and fibula?
A) gomphosis
B) suture
C) syndesmosis
D) synchondrosis
E) synostosis
Answer: C
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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4) A joint that holds skull bones together is called (a)
A) suture.
B) gomphosis.
C) synchondrosis.
D) synostosis.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: A
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

5) A cartilaginous joint that does permits movement is (a)

A) symphysis.
B) synovial joint.
C) synostosis.
D) synchondrosis.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: A
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

6) An accessory structure of a joint that subdivides a synovial cavity, channels the flow of
synovial fluid, or allows for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces is a
A) ligament.
B) bursa.
C) meniscus.
D) fat pad.
E) tendon.
Answer: C
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

7) The structure that surrounds a diarthrotic joint is called (a)

A) meniscus.
B) joint capsule.
C) synovial membrane.
D) bursa.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: B
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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8) Which of the following fills in space created when bones move and the joint cavity changes
shape?
A) fat pad
B) bursa
C) meniscus
D) gomphosis
E) retinaculum
Answer: A
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

9) Which of the following associations is most accurate?

A) synarthroses—slightly movable
B) amphiarthroses—freely movable
C) diarthroses—immovable
D) diarthroses—synovial
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

10) Which of the following is a classification of a cartilaginous joint?

A) ball and socket
B) gliding
C) pivot
D) symphysis
E) hinge
Answer: D
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

11) A dislocation, in which the articulating surfaces of a joint are forced entirely out of position,
is called (a)
A) luxation.
B) subluxation.
C) congenital abnormality.
D) symphysis.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: A
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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12) The type of joint formed by the epiphyseal cartilages is called a
A) gomphosis.
B) synchondrosis.
C) synostosis.
D) symphysis.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: B
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

13) Which of the following is a function of synovial fluid?

A) act as shock absorbers
B) nourish the chondrocytes
C) reduce friction
D) provide lubrication
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

14) Damage to a joint so that it is slightly out of its normal position is called a
A) luxation.
B) subluxation.
C) dislocation.
D) separation.
E) strain.
Answer: B
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

15) Structures that connect bone to bone are called

A) tendons.
B) menisci.
C) ligaments.
D) bursae.
E) cartilage.
Answer: C
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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16) Ligaments inside of a joint capsule are called
A) intercapsular.
B) intracapsular.
C) extracapsular.
D) cruciates.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: B
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

17) Which of the following contribute to the limitation of movement of a joint?

A) the joint capsule
B) shape of the articular surface
C) presence of muscle, other bones, etc., near the joint
D) tendon attachments
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

18) A joint that permits free movement in only one direction is a

A) monaxial joint.
B) biaxial joint.
C) triaxial joint.
D) syndesmosis.
E) suture.
Answer: A
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

19) Which of the following associations is the shoulder?

A) uniaxial—hinge
B) biaxial—condyloid
C) triaxial—ball and socket
D) monaxial—hinge
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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20) In monaxial articulation
A) movement can occur in one plane.
B) movement can occur in two planes.
C) movement can occur in three planes.
D) movement can occur in all planes.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: A
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

21) Drawing a large circle on a chalkboard is possible by means of ________ at the shoulder
joint.
A) rotation
B) opposition
C) circumduction
D) inversion and eversion
E) external and internal rotation
Answer: C
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

22) An example of angular motion in the coronal plane is

A) flexion.
B) adduction.
C) extension.
D) rotation.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: B
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

23) A movement toward the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is
A) abduction.
B) flexion.
C) extension.
D) rotation.
E) adduction.
Answer: E
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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24) Pronation and supination occur at the
A) elbow.
B) proximal radioulnar joint.
C) hip.
D) ankle.
E) knee.
Answer: B
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

25) A movement that turns the sole of the foot inward is an example of
A) elevation.
B) opposition.
C) inversion.
D) protraction.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

26) Which of the following is an example of angular motion?

A) depression
B) protraction
C) extension
D) eversion
E) opposition
Answer: C
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

27) What movement occurs when the vertebral column bends to the side?
A) flexion
B) lateral flexion
C) abduction
D) elevation
E) adduction
Answer: B
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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28) To push a structure anteriorly is an example of which movement?
A) retraction
B) extension
C) protraction
D) hyperextension
E) anterior rotation
Answer: C
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

29) A joint that allows only rotational movements is called a

A) circumductive joint.
B) pivot joint.
C) gliding joint.
D) pronation joint.
E) ball and socket.
Answer: B
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

30) Which of the following is a type of joint that makes humans unique?
A) gliding
B) ball and socket
C) monaxial
D) hinge
E) saddle
Answer: E
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

31) Intercarpal joints are

A) ellipsoidal joints.
B) hinge joints.
C) gliding joints.
D) ball and socket joints.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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32) Typical movement at a hinge joint includes
A) extension.
B) rotation.
C) gliding.
D) flexion.
E) both extension and flexion.
Answer: E
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

33) In order for equestrians to prevent from pushing forward through the front of the stirrups, the
feet must be maintained in a position of
A) inversion.
B) dorsiflexion.
C) hyperextension.
D) plantar flexion.
E) eversion.
Answer: B
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

34) The temporomandibular joint is

A) amphiarthrotic.
B) symphyses.
C) gliding joints.
D) actually made up of three separate joints.
E) primarily a hinge.
Answer: E
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

35) Joints between the vertebrae include

A) pivot joints.
B) gliding joints.
C) ellipsoidal joints.
D) hinge joints.
E) both pivot joints and ellipsoidal joints.
Answer: B
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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36) Which of the following is an example of a pivot joint?
A) atlanto-occipital
B) atlanto-axial
C) intervertebral
D) vertebrocostal
E) sacroiliac
Answer: B
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

37) Intervertebral compression in an abnormal direction can cause

A) rheumatoid arthritis.
B) rheumatism.
C) a herniated disc.
D) a sprain.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

38) The ________ ligament prevents dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint when it is in the
elevated position.
A) anterior sternoclavicular
B) posterior sternoclavicular
C) interclavicular
D) costoclavicular
E) anterior sternoclavicular and posterior sternoclavicular
Answer: D
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

39) Joints between the vertebrae include

A) symphyses.
B) amphiarthroses.
C) synostoses.
D) diarthroses.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

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40) Which of the following ligaments attaches the clavicle to the scapula?
A) glenoid labrum
B) glenohumeral
C) coracoacromial
D) acromioclavicular
E) glenoid labrum and glenohumeral
Answer: D
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

41) During a shoulder separation injury, which of the following structures is most likely to be
damaged?
A) acromioclavicular ligament
B) coracohumeral ligament
C) coracoacromial ligament
D) sternoclavicular ligament
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: A
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

42) Which of the following factors contributes to the integrity and normal functioning of the
elbow joint?
A) the thick articular capsule
B) tendons
C) ligaments
D) the fit of the bony surfaces
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

43) The proximal radioulnar joints have ________ articulations.

A) hinge
B) ellipsoidal
C) saddle type
D) pivot
E) ball and socket
Answer: D
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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44) Muscles that extend the elbow are attached to the
A) olecranon.
B) coracoid process.
C) coronoid process.
D) medial epicondyle.
E) radial tuberosity.
Answer: A
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

45) The muscles that support the shoulder and limit its movement range are collectively called
A) glenoid labrum.
B) rotator cuff.
C) digitocarpal ligaments.
D) temporomandibular joint.
E) quadriceps.
Answer: B
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

46) Which of the following statements relates to the proximal radioulnar joint?
A) It is actually two joints.
B) It is extremely stable.
C) It involves the humeroulnar joint.
D) Supination and pronation occur here.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

47) The joint that permits the greatest range of motion in the entire body is the
A) hip.
B) shoulder.
C) knee.
D) elbow.
E) neck.
Answer: B
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

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48) Which of the following involves the greatest number of bones?
A) distal radioulnar articulation
B) radiocarpal articulation
C) intercarpal articulations
D) intertarsal articulations
E) knee joint
Answer: C
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

49) Which of the following are ligaments that stabilize the hip joint is intracapsular?
A) the iliofemoral ligament
B) the pubofemoral ligament
C) the ischiofemoral ligament
D) the transverse acetabular ligament
E) the ligament of the femoral head
Answer: E
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

50) The knee joint differs from other large, complex synovial joints of the body in which of the
following features?
A) It is a hinge joint.
B) It is reinforced by ligaments.
C) It is rarely dislocated.
D) It does not have a single unified capsule or a common synovial cavity.
E) The knee joint does not differ from other joints.
Answer: D
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

51) Which of the following is a fibrocartilaginous structure within the knee?

A) ligaments
B) joint capsule
C) bursae
D) menisci
E) tendons
Answer: D
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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52) Which of the knee ligaments function to reinforce the medial and lateral surfaces of the joint,
tighten only at full extension of the joint, and act to stabilize the joint?
A) patellar ligament
B) tibial and fibular collateral ligaments
C) popliteal ligaments
D) anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: B
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

53) Structures that compose the ankle joint include

A) the distal articular surface of the tibia.
B) the medial malleolus.
C) the lateral malleolus of the fibula.
D) the trochlea and lateral articular facets of the talus.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

54) Which of the following are synovial joints found in the foot?
A) intertarsal joints
B) tarsometatarsal joints
C) metatarsophalangeal joints
D) interphalangeal joints
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

55) The metatarsophalangeal joints of the foot resemble which joints of the hand?
A) carpometacarpal joints
B) metacarpophalangeal joints
C) interphalangeal joints
D) radiocarpal joints
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: B
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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56) The most significant reason that the hip joint is less mobile than the shoulder joint is
A) the almost complete bony socket enclosing the head of the femur.
B) the weight of the lower limb.
C) the decrease in ligament and tendon attachments.
D) the increase in bursae that limit movements.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: A
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

57) The structure that attaches the patella to the quadriceps muscles is called (the)
A) quadriceps tendon.
B) patellar ligament.
C) synovial membrane.
D) collateral ligament.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: A
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

58) The cruciate ligaments attach to the ________ of the tibia.

A) condyles
B) epicondyles
C) anterior tuberosity
D) intercondylar area
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

59) Which of the following ligaments makes up the superior anterior portion of the hip joint's
capsule?
A) iliofemoral ligament
B) ischiofemoral ligament
C) ligementum teres
D) pubofemoral ligament
E) pubischial ligament
Answer: D
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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60) Most of the weight of the body pushes down on the ________ joint.
A) tibiotalar
B) tibiofibular
C) fibulotalar
D) lateral malleolar
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: A
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

61) Why must a surgeon repairing a damaged joint be certain to maintain the shape of the
articulating surfaces?
A) Nonmatching articulating surfaces are not a problem; most joints have surfaces that do not
match.
B) This is not a problem because rapidly growing cartilage will fill in areas that do not match
correctly.
C) Incorrectly apposed articulating surfaces might develop abnormal ankyloses.
D) This will only be a problem initially, as the joint will alter its shape to adapt to the new
configuration.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

8.2 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

1) A ________ is the ligamentous connection that allows a little movement between the bones of
the forearm or the lower leg.
Answer: syndesmosis
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

2) A joint with a cavity filled with fluid is called a ________ joint.

Answer: synovial
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

3) A partial dislocation of the articular surfaces of a joint is a ________.

Answer: subluxation
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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4) The names of most joints involve the names of the ________ that articulate.
Answer: bones
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

5) A ________ joint has limited movement and usually involves bones that are far enough apart
that some type of connective tissue is located between the bones.
Answer: amphiarthrotic
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

6) The synovial tendon sheaths that surround tendons as they pass over bones are a type of
tubular ________.
Answer: bursa
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

7) The structures that cover the surfaces of bones where they meet one another are called
________.
Answer: articular cartilages
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

8) The joints that result from ossification of the epiphyseal cartilages are called ________.
Answer: synostoses
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

9) A ________ is an extension movement that is carried past the anatomical position.

Answer: hyperextension
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

10) Moving the arm in a complete circle is an example of ________.

Answer: circumduction
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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11) A standing person ________ the head to look toward the ground to see if his/her shoes need
to be tied.
Answer: flexes
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

12) Spreading one's legs while performing a jumping jack is an example of the movement known
as ________.
Answer: adduction
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

13) The special movement that only involves the pollex is called ________.
Answer: opposition
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

14) The movement made at the proximal radioulnar joint when turning the palm of the hand
upward is called ________.
Answer: supination
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

15) Two areas of the vertebral column that lack intervertebral discs are the coccyx and the
________.
Answer: sacrum
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

16) The outer fibrocartilage portion of an intervertebral disc is called the ________.
Answer: annulus fibrosus
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

17) A ________ is a common name for a condition caused by distortion of an intervertebral disc.
Answer: slipped disc
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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18) The surgical procedure performed to access a herniated disc is known as a ________.
Answer: laminectomy
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

19) The ________ is the only joint between the axial and appendicular portions of the skeleton.
Answer: sternoclavicular joint
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

20) The joint between the humerus and the radius is called the ________.
Answer: humeroradial joint
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

21) The head of the radius is held in place on the ulna by the ________.
Answer: annular ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

22) A ________ is a partial or complete dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint.

Answer: shoulder separation
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

23) An injury is most likely to dislocate the humerus at the shoulder joint in the ________
direction.
Answer: inferior
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

24) The intracapsular ligament of the hip is called the ________.

Answer: ligament of the femoral head
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

25) Comparatively speaking, the hip joint is ________ mobile than the shoulder joint.
Answer: less
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
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26) The ________ ligaments attach the epicondyles of the femur to the tibia and fibula.
Answer: collateral
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

27) The name applied to rheumatic diseases that affect synovial joints is ________.
Answer: arthritis
Section Title: Aging and Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

8.3 True/False Questions

1) Standing on tiptoes requires plantar flexion.

Answer: TRUE
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

2) Turn sole outward is called eversion.

Answer: TRUE
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

3) Point toe toward shin is called inversion.

Answer: FALSE
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

4) One special movement of the thumb is called reposition.

Answer: TRUE
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

5) Turn soles inward is called dorsiflexion.

Answer: FALSE
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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6) The thick fibrocartilage pad in the TMJ is called a bursa.
Answer: FALSE
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

7) The mandibular condyle fits into mandibular fossa.

Answer: TRUE
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

8) The sphenomandibular ligament attaches the styloid process to the mandibular ramus.
Answer: FALSE
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

9) The temporomandibular ligament attaches to the mylohyoid line.

Answer: FALSE
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

10) The temporomandibular ligament is also called the lateral ligament.

Answer: TRUE
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

11) One of the thickenings in the anterior aspect of the capsule surrounding the shoulder joint is
the glenohumeral ligament.
Answer: TRUE
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

12) A ligament that originates at the base of the coracoid process and inserts on the head of the
humerus is the acromioclavicular ligament.
Answer: FALSE
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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13) The ligament that spans the space between the coracoid process and the acromion is the
coracoacromial ligament.
Answer: TRUE
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

14) A ligament that binds the acromion to the clavicle is the coracohumeral ligament.
Answer: FALSE
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

15) The ligament that ties the clavicle to the coracoid process to limit the relative motion
between the clavicle and scapula is the coracoclavicular ligament.
Answer: TRUE
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

8.4 Essay Questions

1) What are the components of a synovial joint?

Answer: The outer layers of a synovial joint include a fibrous joint capsule, reinforced by
thickenings, often named as separate ligaments. Inside the capsule, the articular surfaces of the
bones are covered by articular cartilages, and lined by synovial membrane. Synovial membrane
secretes a synovial fluid that lubricates the joint. The joint may also be cushioned and subdivided
by bursae, fat pads, and menisci.
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

2) How does a syndesmosis differ from a symphysis, even though both are classified as
amphiarthroses?
Answer: Amphiarthroses permit very little movement, but a syndesmosis is connected by
ligaments in a region such as the connection between the distal tibia and fibula. A symphysis
allows little movement also, but in this case the bones are separated by a pad or wedge of
fibrocartilage, as in the pubic symphysis.
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis

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3) Why is there a limit to all rotational movements between bony elements in the body?
Answer: If bones were able to rotate freely, they would have to be able to be completely
detached from other structures. This is an impossibility; bones must have nerve and blood vessel
supplies as well as attachments to ligaments, tendons, and muscles.
Section Title: Articular Form and Function
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

4) Why do human beings lose height as they reach old age?

Answer: In a young adult approximately twenty-five percent of the length of the spinal column
is made up of the fibrocartilage pads, the intervertebral discs that are located between vertebral
bodies from the axis to the sacrum. As the individual ages, the intervertebral discs lose some of
their resilience and become permanently compressed, thus reducing the length of the spinal
column and making the person shorter.
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

5) What is the significance of a loose articular capsule surrounding the shoulder joint?
Answer: The loose articular capsule permits the large head of the humerus to have a great
amount of freedom of movement to change position with respect to the smaller glenoid cavity of
the shoulder joint.
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

6) How do the scapular processes, clavicle, and associated ligaments assist in the control of the
movements of the shoulder joint?
Answer: From front to rear, the coracoid, acromion, and such ligaments as the coracoacromial
ligament form a limiting arch over the superior aspect of the head of the humerus. The glenoid
cavity only encompasses approximately one-third of the humeral head, and so the other
processes and ligaments add stability to the anterior, superior, and posterior aspects of the joint.
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis

7) What would be the expected result of contraction of a muscle attached to the olecranon
process?
Answer: The large triceps brachii muscle covers the posterior surface of the arm. Its tendon is
attached to the olecranon process. Contraction of this muscle produces extension of the elbow.
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis

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8) When you stand for a long period of time, why should you "lock" your knee in extended
position? How does the knee lock?
Answer: Locking the knee allows you to stand for prolonged periods without using (and tiring)
the extensors of the leg. The knee joint can lock in the extended position by a slight external
rotation of the tibia, which tightens the anterior cruciate ligament and jams the menisci between
the femur and tibia.
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis

8.5 Labeling Exercises

Figure 8.1

Using the figure above, identify the labeled items.

1) Label A: ______________________________
Answer: Medullary cavity
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

2) Label B: ______________________________
Answer: Spongy bone
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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3) Label C: ______________________________
Answer: Periosteum
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

4) Label D: ______________________________
Answer: Joint capsule
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

5) Label E: ______________________________
Answer: Synovial membrane
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

6) Label F: ______________________________
Answer: Articular cartilages
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

7) Label G: ______________________________
Answer: Joint cavity containing synovial fluid
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

8) Label H: ______________________________
Answer: Compact bone
Section Title: Classification of Joints
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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 Figure 8.2

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.

9) Label A: ______________________________
Answer: Superior articular process
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

10) Label B: ______________________________

Answer: Ligamentum flavum
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

11) Label C: ______________________________

Answer: Posterior longitudinal ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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12) Label D: ______________________________
Answer: Anterior longitudinal ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

13) Label E: ______________________________

Answer: Superior articular facet
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

14) Label F: ______________________________

Answer: Intervertebral foramen
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

15) Label G: ______________________________

Answer: Interspinous ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

16) Label H: ______________________________

Answer: Supraspinous ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

17) Label I: ______________________________

Answer: Intervertebral disc
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

18) Label J: ______________________________

Answer: End plate
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

19) Label K: ______________________________

Answer: Anulus fibrosus
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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20) Label L: ______________________________
Answer: Nucleus pulposus
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

21) Label M: ______________________________

Answer: Spinal cord
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

22) Label N: ______________________________

Answer: Spinal nerve
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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 Figure 8.3

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.

23) Label A: ______________________________

Answer: Acromioclavicular ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

24) Label B: ______________________________

Answer: Acromion
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

25) Label C: ______________________________

Answer: Subacromial bursa
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
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26) Label D: ______________________________
Answer: Subdeltoid bursa
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

27) Label E: ______________________________

Answer: Tendon of supraspinatus muscle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

28) Label F: ______________________________

Answer: Transverse humeral ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

29) Label G: ______________________________

Answer: Tendon of subscapularis muscle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

30) Label H: ______________________________

Answer: Tendon of biceps brachii muscle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

31) Label I: ______________________________

Answer: Humerus
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

32) Label J: ______________________________

Answer: Subscapular bursa
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

33) Label K: ______________________________

Answer: Scapula
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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34) Label L: ______________________________
Answer: Glenohumeral ligaments
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

35) Label M: ______________________________

Answer: Articular capsule
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

36) Label N: ______________________________

Answer: Coracohumeral ligaments
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

37) Label O: ______________________________

Answer: Subcoracoid bursa
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

38) Label P: ______________________________

Answer: Coracoid process
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

39) Label Q: ______________________________

Answer: Clavicle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

40) Label R: ______________________________

Answer: Coracoclavicular ligaments
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

41) Label S: ______________________________

Answer: Coracoacromial ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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 Figure 8.4

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.

42) Label A: ______________________________

Answer: Acromioclavicular ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

43) Label B: ______________________________

Answer: Coracoacromial ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

44) Label C: ______________________________

Answer: Tendon of supraspinatus muscle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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45) Label D: ______________________________
Answer: Acromion
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

46) Label E: ______________________________

Answer: Subacromial bursa
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

47) Label F: ______________________________

Answer: Tendon of infraspinatus muscle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

48) Label G: ______________________________

Answer: Teres minor muscle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

49) Label H: ______________________________

Answer: Articular capsule
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

50) Label I: ______________________________

Answer: Scapula
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

51) Label J: ______________________________

Answer: Glenoid labrum
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

52) Label K: ______________________________

Answer: Glenoid cavity
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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53) Label L: ______________________________
Answer: Glenohumeral ligaments
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

54) Label M: ______________________________

Answer: Subscapularis muscle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

55) Label N: ______________________________

Answer: Subscapular bursa
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

56) Label O: ______________________________

Answer: Subcoracoid bursa
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

57) Label P: ______________________________

Answer: Coracoid process
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

58) Label Q: ______________________________

Answer: Coracohumeral ligament (cut)
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

59) Label R: ______________________________

Answer: Coracoclavicular ligaments
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

60) Label S: ______________________________

Answer: Clavicle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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61) Label T: ______________________________
Answer: Tendon of biceps brachii muscle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

Figure 8.5

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.

62) Label A: ______________________________

Answer: Acromioclavicular ligaments
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

63) Label B: ______________________________

Answer: Tendon of supraspinatus muscle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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64) Label C: ______________________________
Answer: Acromion
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

65) Label D: ______________________________

Answer: Articular capsule
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

66) Label E: ______________________________

Answer: Subdeltoid bursa
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

67) Label F: ______________________________

Answer: Synovial membrane
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

68) Label G: ______________________________

Answer: Humerus
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

69) Label H: ______________________________

Answer: Articular capsule
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

70) Label I: ______________________________

Answer: Glenoid labrum
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

71) Label J: ______________________________

Answer: Joint cavity
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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72) Label K: ______________________________
Answer: Articular cartilages
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

73) Label L: ______________________________

Answer: Scapula
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

74) Label M: ______________________________

Answer: Coracoid process
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

75) Label N: ______________________________

Answer: Coracoacromial ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

76) Label O: ______________________________

Answer: Clavicle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

77) Label P: ______________________________

Answer: Coracoclavicular ligaments
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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 Figure 8.6

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.

78) Label A: ______________________________

Answer: Femur
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

79) Label B: ______________________________

Answer: Joint capsule
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

80) Label C: ______________________________

Answer: Gastrocnemius muscle, medial head
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

81) Label D: ______________________________

Answer: Bursa
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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82) Label E: ______________________________
Answer: Tibial collateral ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

83) Label F: ______________________________

Answer: Popliteal ligaments
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

84) Label G: ______________________________

Answer: Popliteus muscle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

85) Label H: ______________________________

Answer: Tibia
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

86) Label I: ______________________________

Answer: Fibula
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

87) Label J: ______________________________

Answer: Cut tendon of biceps femoris muscle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

88) Label K: ______________________________

Answer: Fibular collateral ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

89) Label L: ______________________________

Answer: Gastrocnemius muscle, lateral head
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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90) Label M: ______________________________
Answer: Plantaris muscle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

91) Label N: ______________________________

Answer: Femur
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

92) Label O: ______________________________

Answer: Articular cruciate ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

93) Label P: ______________________________

Answer: Medial condyle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

94) Label Q: ______________________________

Answer: Tibial collateral ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

95) Label R: ______________________________

Answer: Medial meniscus
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

96) Label S: ______________________________

Answer: Posterior cruciate ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

97) Label T: ______________________________

Answer: Tibia
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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98) Label U: ______________________________
Answer: Head of fibula
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

99) Label V: ______________________________

Answer: Cut tendon of biceps femoris muscle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

100) Label W: ______________________________

Answer: Lateral meniscus
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

101) Label X: ______________________________

Answer: Lateral condyle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

102) Label Y: ______________________________

Answer: Fibular collateral ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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 Figure 8.7

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.

103) Label A: ______________________________

Answer: Articular cartilage
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

104) Label B: ______________________________

Answer: Fibular collateral ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

105) Label C: ______________________________

Answer: Lateral condyle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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106) Label D: ______________________________
Answer: Lateral meniscus
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

107) Label E: ______________________________

Answer: Cut tendon of biceps femoris muscle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

108) Label F: ______________________________

Answer: Fibula
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

109) Label G: ______________________________

Answer: Tibia
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

110) Label H: ______________________________

Answer: Articular cruciate ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

111) Label I: ______________________________

Answer: Medial meniscus
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

112) Label J: ______________________________

Answer: Tibial collateral ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

113) Label K: ______________________________

Answer: Posterior cruciate ligament
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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114) Label L: ______________________________
Answer: Medial condyle
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

115) Label M: ______________________________

Answer: Patellar surface
Section Title: Representative Articulations
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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