Unit 1: Understanding Culture, - Common distinguishing factor

Society, and Politics of a person’s cultural

background.
Lesson 1: Sharing of Social and
GENDER
Cultural Backgrounds
- Refers to the personal traits or
social roles of the female and
CULTURAL IDENTITY
male members of society.
- identity or feeling of
belonging to a group.
SEXUALITY
- Part of a person’s self-
- is the state of being either
conception and self-
masculine or feminine.
perception.
- one’s nationality, ethnicity,
MASCULINITY
religion, social class,
- set of attributes, behavior and
generation, locality, or any kind
roles associated with men.
of social group that has its own
FEMININITY
distinct culture.
- set of attributes, behavior and
roles associated with women.
CULTURAL AWARENESS
IDENTITY CRISIS
- Ability of a person to recognize
- when he/she does not accept
the different beliefs.
or understand his/her
- Allows a person to build a
sexuality or is unable to
more successful personal and
understand his/her status.
professional relationship with
others.
SOCIO - ECONOMIC STATUS
- Person’s state, region or
- a personal or family’s
country heavily influence
financial and social esteem
his/her cultural background.
based on income, education,
and occupation.
CULTURAL BACKGROUND
- It is the totality of a person’s
- Consists of the ethnic,
social position and wealth
religious, racial, gender,
combined.
linguistic or other
5 Levels of Socio- economic Status
socioeconomic factors and
- Upper class
values that shape one’s
- Upper-Middle class
upbringing.
- Middle Class
- Can be shaped at the family,
- Working class
societal or organization level.
- Lower class.
SOCIAL STATUS
It is important to learn about the
- Person’s standing or rank in
cultural identity of other people, so
the social ladder of stratification
that he can appreciate other
based on prestige, power, and
cultures as well.
popularity.
ECONOMIC STATUS
GENDER AND SEXUALITY
- Person’s place in the
society’s economic
 stratification based on wealth,
property, and total assets.
ETHNICITY
- Condition in which social
group belongs to a common
national or cultural tradition.
POLYNESIAN
- Different ethno-linguistic
groups, most of whose own
languages.
Lesson 2: Observation about Social,
Political Behavior and Phenomena
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYING THE
CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS
1. It develops our knowledge,
understanding, skills, values
and attitudes to achieving
social and cultural literacy.
2. It will increase our knowledge
and understanding about
personal, social, and cultural
identity and would give us the
impetus to initiate change.
3. It develops our skills to apply
and evaluate social and cultural
research, investigate, and
engage in effective evaluation,
analysis and synthesis of
information, ideas and issues in
appropriate forms to different
audiences in a variety of
contexts.
4. Will be equipped with
informed and responsible
values and attitudes towards
a just society, intercultural
understanding, informed and
active citizenship, ethical
research practices, and lifelong
learning.
FOOD TABOOS
- Are known from virtually
human society.
- Is a prohibition against
consuming certain foods.
- Certainly, some religions say
certain foods (sa INC,
dinuguan) are a no-no, while
other religions are okay with
eating them. It's all about what
each religion think is good or
bad to eat.
FOOD TABOOS IN THE PHILIPPINES
- The cuisine of the Filipinos has
its roots with influences from
the Malay, Spanish, Arab,
Indian, Japanese, and
American cuisines.
- Have 3 meals a day.
- An afternoon snack called
"merienda".
- “Papaitan” a goat or beef
innards stew flavored with bile
which gives it a bitter taste.
SOME DISHES THAT FILIPINOS
CONSIDER AS TABOO:
1. Any dish that has dog or cat
meat. This is not allowed in the
Philippines. Republic Act No.
8485 “illegal to slaughter a dog
or cat for personal trade, or for
commercial trade and
consumption”. “The dog is a
man’s best friend.”
2. Any meat of animals
considered as endangered.
Monkeys, tortoise (pawikan),
monitor lizards (bayawak), or
rare birds.
3. Any food that violates human
dignity because they are any
more acceptable for human
consumption by public opinion.
 “Double dead meat” or
“botcha”, “pagpag” (left over
that salvaged and remade into
new dish.
There are other dishes in the
Philippines that may be popular to the
majority but are prohibited to others on
reason of religious beliefs.
a. Muslim: not allowed to eat
pork.
b. Iglesia ni Cristo: not allowed to
eat pig’s blood “dinuguan”.
c. Protestants: sa 7th day, not
allowed to eat pork.
d. Hinduism: not allowed to eat
beef.
PHILIPPINE ELECTIONS
1987 Philippine Constitution Article
3 Section 5
- freedom of religion and the free
exercise thereof.
THE STANDBY (ISTAMBAY)
PHENOMENON
- “istambay” is derived from the
English idiom “on standby”.
- “Istambay” a person who does
not have work and who
usually hangs-out on street
corners.
- “istambay” an act of spending
one’s time unprofitably.
This definition also suggests
the Filipino terms ‘paglalakwtsa’
(gallivanting), ‘taong tamad’
(lazy person), and ‘di ginagamit’
(not being used) as
synonymous to istambay.
POLITICAL DYNASTY
- a phenomenon with socio-
economic undertones.
- found in affluent families that
have entrenched themselves in
local politics before going to the
national level.
- usually have a strong local
support base.
- are also active in socio-
economic ventures and not just
limited to politics.
Sec. 26, Article II Declaration of
Principles and State Policies,
1987 Philippine Constitution
- “The State shall guarantee
equal access to opportunities
for public service and prohibit
political dynasties as may be
provided by law”.
- The President, Vice-President,
and the senators elected serve
for a 6-year term.
- The members of the House of
Representatives, and the local
government officials are elected
for a term of 3 years and are
eligible for re-elections.
- President, as per the 1987
Philippine Constitution, is
limited to a 1 term and is
barred from running for re-
election.
- Vice-president, on the other
hand, may run for re-election
or may opt for a higher
position.
Philippine Congress has 2
chambers:
- Senate or Upper House has 24
members.
- they do not represent any
geographical district.
- The lower half of the Senator’s
term is renewed every 3
years.
- LowerHouse has 250 seats
 80% congressional 20% party list.
- reports of fraud, vote-buying,
vote-padding and vote-shaving.
Lesson 3: Observations on Social,
Political and Cultural Change
MAJOR SOCIAL CHANGES IN THE
21ST CENTURY
- has been characterized by the
dynamic interaction between
the advancing technology
and the improvement of
economy and society.
- the main driving force for
economic and social change
will be information
technology.
- these are increasingly coping
with the new organizational and
institutional designs required for
the full and most effective use
of the new technology, thus,
boosting now to the momentum
of greater technological
progress.
TEXTING TECHNOLOGY
- with the use of a cellular
phone, we can send messages
at anytime, anywhere.
- the term refers to messages
sent via the Short Message
Service (SMS).
- technology has expanded to
include multi-media
messages (MMS) including
images, videos, and sound
content, as well as ideograms,
commonly known as emoji.
- It can be used to interact with
others using the automated
systems.
SELFIE PHENOMENON
- defined as a self-portrait
photograph, normally shot with
a digital camera or camera
phone held in the hand or
braced by a selfie stick.
- Self-esteem is important, and
not always in a conceited way.
- A carefully taken profile picture
or avatar is our way to present
a certain side of ourselves to
others. More often than not, a
posted selfie puts us on public
stage where we are being
liked or disliked by others.
- Nowadays, the selfie has been
expanded into “groufie” or
“wefie.”
Fax Machine
Landline Telephone
- Yung mga ginagamit nila.
Lesson 4: Definition of Anthropology,
Political science and Sociology
NATURE AND SCOPE OF
SOCIOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY AND
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Sociology
- study of society and social
interactions taking place.
- also deals with the origin,
evolution, and development of
human society.
- focused on all kinds of social
interactions, social relationships,
social organization, structure,
and process.
Anthropology
- study of human’s past and
present
- to describe and explain human
variation or the observed
similarities and differences in
people through time and across
space.
Political science
- study of the state and
government.
- concerned about politics and
policies of the government.
- focuses on the analysis of
political systems, political
behavior, and political culture.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SOCIOLOGY,
ANTHROPOLOGY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE
- Both Sociology and Anthropology
study human society. They
analyze how societies are
organized, how humans act
together and act among
themselves.
- Political science is concerned
with the political life of man,
which is one part of his entire life.
Sociology is the science of
society.
AREAS OF SOCIOLOGY
Social Organization
- study of social groups, social
institutions, social stratification,
mobility, ethnic relations, and
bureaucracy.
Social psychology
- tackles human behavior or
nature because of group life,
personality formation, social
attitude and collective behavior.
Social change
- study of changes in the society
and culture, and the factors
resulting from such change.
Social organization & disorganization
- study the emergence of
societies, their structural
formation, and the ways they are
strengthened.
- also study crime, delinquency,
family conflict, poverty,
subversion, unemployment, and
a wide range of current social
issues and problems.
Human ecology
- studies the behavior of a given
population and its relationship
to present social institutions.
Population
- concerned with population size,
composition, change and quality
and on how they influence the
economic, political, and social
systems.
Sociological theory & method
- concerned with the application
of the results of sociological
studies to solve various human
problems.
THE MAJOR BRANCHES OF
ANTHROPOLOGY
Cultural anthropology
- studies human cultures,
beliefs, ideas, technologies,
economies, practices,
values, and other spheres
of social and rational
organization.
- is primarily based on
cultural understanding
gained through actual
experiences, or participant
observations of the human
population.
Physical anthropology
- deals with the biological
and behavioral aspects of
human beings.
- focuses on their relationships
to non-human primates and
their extinct hominid
ancestors.
Archeology
 - studies both the ancient and
recent past of humans
through the material
remains, such as artifacts,
fossils, and bone fragments.
Linguistic anthropology
- studies the relations between
language and culture in
relation to human biology,
human reasoning and
human language.
Applied anthropology.
- deals with the application of
anthropological facts,
perspectives, theories, and
procedures in identifying,
assessing, and solving social
problems.
MAJOR SUBDIVISIONS OF
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Political theory
- focuses on the ideas of
classical thinkers, such as
Aristotle, Niccolò Machiavelli,
Cicero, and Plato among
others.
Comparative politics
- deals with the incisive
evaluation and comparison
of the doctrines of various
constitutions, of political
actors, legislature and other
allied fields.
Public administration
- focuses on the
implementation of
government policies, the
academic disciplines
involved and the principles
governing civil servants
working in the government.
International relations
- delve on nation-state’s
interactions including
intergovernmental and
transnational organizations.
Law
- governs the relationships
between individuals and
the government, and the
relationships of individuals
among themselves directly
affecting the society.
Political methodology
- focuses on the quantitative
methods used in the study
of politics combining
Statistics, Mathematics, and
formal theory.
- often used in positive
research, unlike normative
research.
- related to econometrics.
INTERSECTIONS OF
ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, AND
POLITICAL SCIENCE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
SOCIOLOGY AND
ANTHROPOLOGY
- Sociology and Anthropology
are closely related
disciplines that contribute to
each other's growth.
Sociology studies society,
while Anthropology focuses
on the study of humans.
However, due to the
interrelationship between
individuals and society, it
 becomes challenging to
distinguish the two.
Anthropology aids the
development of Sociology by
providing data on ancient
societies, while Sociology
enriches Anthropology with
concepts and ideas.
Sociologists like Emile
Durkheim and Herbert
Spencer have greatly
influenced Anthropology
through their research and
conclusions, enhancing the
field's overall research
endeavors.
B. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN
ANTHROPOLOGY AND
POLITICAL SCIENCE
- Anthropology plays a crucial
role in enriching the study of
Political Science. By
examining early societies
and their governmental
systems, Anthropology
provides valuable insights
into modern institutions and
the political behavior of
people today. Sociology,
Anthropology, and Political
Science are distinct
disciplines, yet they are
closely interconnected, as
their existence and growth
mutually influence one
another.
SOCIETY
- Group of people interacting
with each other and having a
common culture.
TYPES OF SOCIETY
a. Pre-industrial society:
main economic activity is
food production carried
out through the utilization
of human and animal
labor.
- Subdivided society
( hunting and gathering)
1. Hunting and gathering –
main method of food
production is the collection
of wild plants and hunting
of wild animals.
2. Pastoral society –
prevailing method for
production they start taking
care of animals.
3. Horticultural Society –
learned how to rail fruit and
vegetables grown in a
garden plot.
4. Agrarian society – applied
agricultural technological
advances to cultivate
crops over a large area.
5. Feudal society – several
groups become wealthy
and able to acquire lands
and declared these as their
own domain.
B. INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIS -
introduction of foreign metals, silk,
and spices in the market stimulated.
C. POST-INDUSTRIAL
SOCIETIES – advance societies
dominated by information services.

D. MODERN SOCIETIES –
characterized by mass production
of all essential. It became
community of debt and money
becoming the most valued.