Palamau Tiger Conservation With Cover

F. NO.
1-3/2013-NTCA
Government of India
Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change
National Tiger Conservation Authority
****
B-1 Wing, 7th Floor,
Paryavaran Bhawan, CGO Complex,
Lodhi Road, New Delhi- 110003,
Email: ig-ntca@nic.in
igntca@gmail.com
Tel (EPABX): 011-24367837-42
Dated: 02.11.2015
To,
The Chief Wildlife Warden,
Govt. of Jharkhand,
P.O. Hinoo, Ranchi- 834002
Sub: Approval of Tiger Conservation Plan (TCP) for the Palamau Tiger Reserve, Jharkhand
- reg.
Sir,
The final draft Tiger Conservation Plan (TCP) prepared by the State of Jharkhand for Palamau Tiger
Reserve, under sub-section (3) of section 38 V of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, was submitted to this
Authority requesting for approval under section 38 O (1) (a) of the said Act.
After examining the said draft, the observations of NTCA were communicated and discussed with Chief
Wildlife Warden, Jharkhand & the Field Director, Palamau Tiger Reserve, for their incorporation in the
TCP.
In this context, I am directed to say that further to the compliance furnished by the State Government
vide its letter No. 465 dated 24.04.2015, and based on the recommendation of the technical committee,
approval of the NTCA is hereby granted for the TCP of Palamau Tiger Reserve for the period from
2013-14 to 2022-23, under section 38 O (1) (a) of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, subject to
following conditions:
a. No deviation shall be made for the prescriptions of the TCP, read with conditions stipulated here-
in, without prior approval of the NTCA u/s 38 O (1) (a) of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
b. The approved TCP shall have a provision for mid-term review corresponding to the proposed
period of the plan, for appropriate mid course alteration, if any, as required.
c. The State Government shall comply with the guidelines and advisories issued by the NTCA/
Project Tiger from time to time and the commitments made in the tripartite Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU).
d. Since the core/ critical tiger habitat has the status of a National Park/ Wildlife Sanctuary, all
provisions under Chapter IV of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 would be applicable to such
areas, in addition to section 51 (1C), (1D) and 55 (ab), (ac).
e. While implementing various prescriptions of the TCP, it shall be ensured by the Tiger Reserve
Administration that no violation of the provisions of the following Acts takes place:
i. The Wildlife (Protection) Acts, 1972
ii. The Indian Forest Act, 1927
iii. The Biological Diversity Act, 2002
iv. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
v. The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
vi. The National forest Policy, 1988
vii. The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest
Rights) Act, 2006
viii. Directives issued from time to time by honourable Supreme Court of India.
f. Deviations, if any with respect to the provisions under section 38 O (1) (b) & (g) of the Wildlife
(Protection) Act, 1972 observed/ cognized at any point of time should be brought forward for
necessary evaluation and assessment of such cases/ instances by the National Tiger Conservation
Authority and State Government joint team for strict compliance as well as to decide upon the
future course of action under the provisions of the said Act.
g. The following need to be ensured while executing forestry operations in the buffer area of the
tiger reserve:
i. To ensure minimum ‘patch disturbance’ and minimum human-wildlife conflicts, forestry
operations should be restricted only in those coupes which are due for the current year.
ii. Compliance of section 38 V (2) of Wildlife (Protection) Arc, 1972 should be strictly ensured
iii. No working and camping should be permitted in the area after sunset.
iv. Daily monitoring of tiger movement, water points and cattle kills should be done and
recorded.
h. The Tourism activities should be strictly managed/ regulated as per the comprehensive guidelines
issued by the NTCA under section 38 O (c) of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 vide letter
dated 15.10.2012.
i. The necessary copies of the TCP will be provided to the concerned Department/ Agencies for
coordinated implementation of the provisions concerned.
j. The NTCA reserves right to review, modify and withdraw this approval at any time i.e. various
map indicative etc., if any of the conditions of approval are violated.
k. Final TCP should have all necessary annexure viz maps etc. duly signed by competent authority.

Attested by : Yours faithfully,
Sd/-
(Dr. H.S. Negi,)

Inspector General of Forests (NTCA)
Chief Conservator of Forests & Field Director,

Palamau Tiger Reserve, Daltonganj (Jharkhand)

Copy to:
1. The Principal Secretary of Forests, Government of Jharkhand.
2. The Principal Chief Conservator of Forests & Head of Forest Force, Forest Department, Govt. of
Jharkhand.
3. The Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (ECZ), MoEF&CC, Regional Office,
Ranchi
4. The Inspector General of Forests, Regional Office, Guwahati.
5. The Field Director, Palamau Tiger Reserve, for necessary action and information please.
PREFACE
The Palamau Tiger Reserve is located in the districts of Latehar and Garhwa. The Project tiger
was notified in the year 1974 and consisted of an area of 226.84 km2; subsequently rest of the
area of Palamau Wildlife Sanctuary was included in it and increased to 1026.00 km2. This area
was further increased to 1129.93 km2 by including 103.93 km2 of RFs and PFs.
It is bounded by North Koel River on its west and Auranga River on its north. The reserve’s
immediate adjoining landscape includes the forests of Mahuadanr Range including Mahuadanr
Wolf Sanctuary and the forests of Bhandaria and Ranka East ranges of Garhwa South Forest
Division which are contiguous with the Sarguja Forest Division of Chhattisgarh. The forests
of Latehar Forest Division are on the western side. There is also connectivity with forests of
Medininagar Forest Division on the northeastern part of the reserve.
The area holds the distinction of being the home for the large number of endangered species and
has proud privilege of being one of the original nine Tiger Reserves of India notified in 1974 at
the time of launching of Project Tiger Scheme.
The present area of Project Tiger had been carved out of the area under erstwhile Palamau
Forest Division. There has been abundance of the wild animals like tigers, elephants, leopards,
blue bulls, wild pigs and deers, but the situation has changed over the period of time. The forest
cover in the Palamau area as such has shrunk and its quality has also deteriorated. The wildlife
remained confined to limited to Project Tiger area. The area still harbours good population of
elephants but the population of the tigers has gone down drastically and so is its prey base.
The Project Tiger has plethora of problems which have been affecting its management. These
problems have been highlighted in the plan. The severe anthropogenic pressure, linear intrusion
and Left Wing Extremism and shortage of frontline staff are main reasons for current status of
wildlife in the project area and the adjoining landscape.
It has potential to be revived into a source population that supports a stable meta-population of
tigers across adjoining landscapes and revitalizes them with tigers and other wildlife in future.
The recommendations for proper management and increasing population of tigers and its prey
base has been dealt in the plan as per guidelines of NTCA. It may take long time to revive
wildlife to the potential of habitat and it will depend on the will of the state to improve the law
and order situation, reduce dependence of the people on the forests and relocate villages from
inside core area.
The objective of the Plan is the conservation of tiger habitat in general, but with a special
emphasis on the protection and conservation of the flagship species and its prey. The plan
aims to achieve these objectives through various measures such as protection, infrastructure
development, management of tourism activities, eco-development, research and training and
education.
The current Tiger Conservation Plan of the Project Tiger Area was overdue and had been
long drawn process. It has been prepared as per the guidelines of National Tiger Conservation
Authority (NTCA), New Delhi keeping in view, its being the part of large Central Indian
landscape Complex and has potential to revive the source population of tigers in the adjacent
area.
I acknowledge the continuous guidance, encouragement and unflinching support received from
Shri B.C. Nigam, PCCF (HoFF) and Shri Pradeep Kumar, PCCF Wildlife and Chief Wildlife
Warden, Jharkhand in preparation of the plan.
My predecessors Shri Manoj Singh, IFS and Shri S.E.H. Kazmi, IFS during their tenures as
Field Directors of the Reserve made mammoth efforts in collecting, compiling information and
writing draft plans which has culminated in the shape of this plan approved by NTCA. Most
of information and recommendations in the plan are based on their vast experience of working
in the Reserve in different capacities .They deserve due recognition for their sincere efforts in
documenting their experience suggesting measures to increase wildlife and improve habitat.
I sincerely acknowledge the efforts of all from and outside department, who were associated with
Shri Manoj Singh, IFS and Shri S.E.H. Kazmi, IFS as experts and support staff and contributed
in collecting and compiling information.
I acknowledge the valuable suggestions and help rendered by Dr. D.S. Srivastva, Nature
Conservation Society, Daltonganj in preparation of introductory chapters and also assisting in
editing the plan. His valuable inputs have helped in making plan more focused.
The sincere and untiring efforts of Shri Manish Kumar Bakshi, GIS Expert deserve due
recognition and special mention who helped not only in preparation of GIS maps but was also
instrumental in typing and formatting text of the plan.
I am thankful to in- charge, GIS Cell, Forest Department, Ranchi and Jharkhand State Application
Centre (JSAC), Ranchi for providing GIS maps which are part of the plan now.
The piece of advice given by Shri Anil Kumar Mishra, DFO, Buffer Area and Shri Premjeet
Anand, DFO, Core Area in preparation of the plan and Shri JP Roy, Assistant, office of Field
Director, PTR for compiling information on many issues had been helpful in making plan
more objective.
Last but not the least by any means, this work could not have been possible without support of
Shashi Sharma and Kumar Dharambir, Computer operators and valuable suggestions given on
management issues of the Reserve by all the Range Officers, Foresters, Forest Guards, Trackers
and other daily wage staff during my field visits.
I express my sincere gratitude to Mr. B.S. Bonal, Member Secretary, Dr. H.S. Negi, IGF, Dr.
Vaibhav Mathur, AIG, NTCA, New Delhi for their valuable suggestions not only on issues
related to tiger conservation but on overall improvement of the plan.
Dated - 21st Dec, 2015

Place - Daltonganj (Jharkhand) (A.S. Rawat, I.F.S.)
Palamau Tiger Reserve.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface
Name of the Tiger Reserve
i. Introduction of the area 1

i.i Description of the Tiger Conservation Unit/ Landscape and
Significance of the area for the tiger conservation 1
i.ii Legal provisions contained in the Wildlife (Protection)
Act, 1972, regarding Tiger Conservation Plan and brief
description of their relevance in the Tiger Conservation
Unit / Landscape 2
i.iii Delineation of Area into Core, Buffer and
Adjoining Landscape 4
CORE AREA
PART- A: THE EXISTING SITUATION
Chapter- 1 Introduction of the area 7- 9
1.1 Name, Location, Constitution & Extent 7

1.1.1 Name
1.1.2 Location
1.1.3 Constitution
1.1.4 Extent (Area statement and legal status)
1.1.5 Notification
1.2 Approach & Access 8
1.3 Statement of Significance 8
Chapter 2 Background Information and Attributes 10- 31
2.1 Geology, Rock and Soil 10

2.1.1 Geology and rock
2.1.2 Soil
2.2 Hydrology and Water Sources 15
2.2.1 Climate
2.2.2 Humidity
2.2.3 Wind
2.2.4 Ground water
2.2.5 Catchments
2.3 Vegetation Cover Types 21
2.4 Wild Fauna, Habitats and Trophic Niches 25
2.4.1 Wild fauna
2.4.2 Habitat
i
2.4.3 Trophic niches
2.5 Major Conspicuous Changes in the Habitat since Inception 30
Chapter 3 Status of Tiger and Co-Predators 32- 48
3.1 Distribution 32
3.2 Abundance Status 37
3.3 Prey-Predator Relationships 37
3.4 Assessment of Threats 40
3.4.1 Man- animal conflicts
3.4.2 Decrease in prey- base
3.4.3 Wildlife health and diseases
3.4.4 Railway lines and heavy transport
3.4.5 Transmission lines
3.4.6 Illegal activities
3.4.6.1 Hunting and poaching
3.4.6.2 Illegal felling of trees
3.4.6.3 Illegal grazing
3.4.6.4 NTFP and medicinal plant collection
3.4.7 Forest fire
3.4.8 Water scarcity
3.4.9 Forest villages
3.4.10 Over dependency on forests
3.4.11 Staffs
3.4.12 Lack of cooperation from local community
3.4.13 Multi- purpose kutku dam
3.4.14 Poor law and order
3.4.15 Threats to wildlife and forests
3.4.16 Threats to life of staffs
3.4.17 Lack of research, documentation and monitoring
Chapter 4 History of Past Management and Present Practices 49- 62
4.1 Conservation History 49

4.2 Habitat Management 50
4.2.1 Strategies
4.2.1.1 Habitat improvement
4.2.1.2 Plantation of degraded areas
4.3 Protection and Intelligence Gathering 54
4.3.1 Establishment of patrolling camps, patrolling and intelligence
networking
4.3.1.1 Establishment of patrolling camps
4.3.1.2 Enforcement and raids
4.3.1.3 Intelligence gathering
ii
4.3.1.4 Identification of sensitive areas
4.3.1.5 Various patrolling
4.3.1.6 Capacity building of staffs
4.3.1.7 Awareness & development
4.3.2 Strengthening the communication and infrastructure
4.3.2.1 Barriers
4.3.2.2 Buildings
4.3.3 Vehicles
4.3.4 Maintenance of roads for patrolling
4.2.4.1 Culverts and causeways
4.3.5 Wireless network for quick communication
4.3.6 Inter- agency coordination
4.4 Tourism and Interpretation 58
4.5 Research and Monitoring 58
4.5.1 Research
4.5.2 Study reports
4.6 Relocation of Villages 60
4.7 Administration and Organization 60
Chapter 5 Land use Patterns & Conservation-Management Issues 63- 69
5.1 Land Use Classification 63

5.2 Socio-economic Profile of Villages 64
5.3 Resource Dependence of Villages 67
5.4 Human-Wildlife Conflicts 68
5.5 Assessments of Inputs of Line Agencies/
Other Departments 68
PART B: THE PROPOSED MANAGEMENT
Chapter 6 Visions, Goals, Objectives and Problems 71- 75
6.1 Vision 71
6.2 Management Goals 71
6.3 Management Objectives 72
6.4 Problems in Achieving Objectives 72
6.5 Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities- 73
Threats (Limitations) (SWOT) Analyses
6.5.1 Strengths
6.5.2 Weaknesses
6.5.3 Opportunities
6.5.4 Threats
iii
Chapter 7 Management Strategies 76- 87
7.1 Delineation of Critical Wildlife Habitats and

Inviolate Areas 76
7.2 Zone and Theme Approaches to Management Strategies 76
7.2.1 Zone plans
7.2.2 Theme plans
7.2.2.1 Protection of habitat from anthropogenic pressures
7.2.2.2 Forest fire management
7.2.2.3 Capacity building/ staff deployment
7.2.2.4 Insurgency/ lawlessness
7.2.2.5 Tiger/ wildlife monitoring
7.2.2.6 Regular monitoring & forecasting
7.2.2.7 Community relations
7.2.2.8 Human- wildlife conflict mitigation
7.2.2.9 Infrastructure development
7.2.2.10 Staff support & amenities
7.2.2.11 Initiation of research, monitoring & documentation
7.2.2.12 Habitat restoration & revival (retrofitting)

Chapter 8 Research, Monitoring and Training 88- 91
8.1 Research Priorities 88

8.2 Research Projects 88
8.3 Monitoring Framework 89
8.4 Training Needs Assessment 90
8.5 HRD Plan 91
Chapter 9 Tiger Population and Habitat Assessment 92- 100
9.1 Daily Monitoring and Forecasting 92

9.2 Tiger Population Estimation and Monitoring
Framework (Phase I, II, III and IV) 92
9.2.1 Phase- I: determining occupancy and
mapping relative abundance
9.2.2 Phase- II: remotely sensed spatial and
attribute covariates
9.2.3 Phase- III
9.2.3.1 Camera trapping
iv
9.2.3.2 Estimating prey abundance
9.2.4 Phase- IV
9.2.5 Tiger population monitoring using DNA Analysis
9.3 Habitat Assessment and Monitoring Framework 96
9.4 Spatial Database Development 100
9.5 Analysis and Reporting Framework 100
Chapter 10 Protection and Intelligence Gathering 101- 107
10.1 The Tiger Cell 101

10.2 The Strike Force 101
10.3 Effective Protection and Communication 102
10.4 Fire Protection 102
10.5 Intelligence Gathering and Coordination 102
Chapter 11 Ecotourism and Interpretation 108- 108
Chapter 12 Miscellaneous Issues 109- 110
12.1 Housekeeping of Departmental Elephants 109

12.2 Wildlife Health Monitoring 109
12.3 Mortality Survey 109
Chapter 13 Organization, Administration and Budget 111- 113
13.1 Steering Committee 111

13.2 Tiger Conservation Foundation 111
13.3 Coordination with Line Agencies/ Departments 112
13.4 Staff Deployment 112
13.5 Fund Raising Strategies 112
13.6 Schedule of Operations 112
13.7 Activity Budget 113
Chapter 14 Monitoring and Evaluation 114- 115
14.1 Criteria 114

14.2 Process 114
14.2.1 Monitoring of Wildlife Population
14.2.2 Monitoring of Vegetation
v
BUFFER AREA
Chapter 1: Introduction of the Area 117- 138
1.1 Name, Location, Constitution & Extent 117
1.1.1 Name
1.1.2 Location
1.1.3 Constitution
1.1.4 Extent
1.2 Approach & Access 118
1.4 Geology, Rock and Soil 120
1.5 Hydrology and Water Sources 125
1.5.1 River and Streams
1.5.2 Climate
1.5.3 Humidity
1.5.4 Wind
1.5.5 Ground water
1.5.6 Catchments
1.6 Vegetation Types 130
1.7 Wild Fauna and Habitats 133
1.7.1 Wild Fauna
1.7.2 Habitat
1.7.2.1 Trophic niches
1.8 Major Conspicuous Changes in the Habitat since Inception 136
Chapter 2: Status of Tiger and Co-Predators 139- 150
2.1 Distribution 139

2.2 Abundance Status 141
2.3 Prey-Predator Relationships 141
2.4.1 Man- Animal Conflict

2.4.2 Decrease of prey base
2.4.3 Wildlife health and disease
2.4.4 Railway line and heavy transport
2.4.5 Transmission line
2.4.6 Illegal activities
2.4.7 Forest fire
vi
2.4.9 Forest village
2.4.10 Over dependency on forest
2.4.11 staffs
2.4.12 Lack of cooperation from local communities
2.4.13 Multi- purpose Kutku Dam
2.4.14.1 Threat to Forests & Wildlife
2.4.14.2 Threat to life of staff
2.4.14.3 Major extremist attacks on forest property & staff
Chapter 3: History of Past Management and Present Practices 151- 164
3.1 Conservation & Forest Management History 151
3.2 Protection of Tiger, its Prey and Habitat 154
3.2.1 Protection and intelligence gathering
3.3 Other Land Use – Villages, Agriculture, Developmental
Programmes, Tourism etc. 157
3.3.1 Villages
3.3.2 Agriculture
3.3.3 Developmental programmes
3.3.4 Tourism
3.4 Research, Monitoring and Wildlife Health 163
3.5 Nature Education and Interpretation 163
3.6 Administration and Organization 164
Chapter 4: Production Sectors in the Landscape 165- 169
4.1 Forestry 165
4.2 Agriculture 166
4.2.1 Agriculture
4.2.2 Animal production
4.3 Integrated Development (Eco- development, development
through District Administration) 168
4.4 Tourism 168
4.5 Fisheries 169
4.6 Tea / Coffee Estates 169
4.7 Road / Rail transport 169
4.8 Industry 169
4.9 Mining 169
4.10 Thermal power plants 169
4.11 Irrigation projects 169
4.12 Temple tourism 169
vii
4.13 Communication projects 169
Chapter 5: Land use Patterns and Conservation-Management Issues 172- 175

5.1 Land use Classification 170
5.2 Socio-economic Profile of Villages 171
5.2.1 Work distribution
5.3 Resource Dependence of Villages 172
5.3.1 Household dependency
5.3.2 Livelihood dependency
5.4 Human-Wildlife Conflicts 173
5.4.1 Causes of conflicts
5.4.2 Conflict resolution
5.5 Assessments of Inputs of Line Agencies/ Other Departments 175
PART B: THE PROPOSED MANAGEMENT
Chapter 6: Visions, Goals, Objectives and Problems 177- 181

6.1 Vision 177
6.3.1 The broad measures to achieve the objectives
6.3.2 Tiger Conservation Strategy in the Buffer Area
6.4 Problems in Achieving Objectives 179
6.5 Strengths - Weaknesses - Opportunities - Limitations
(SWOT) Analysis 179
6.5.1 Strengths
6.5.2 Weaknesses
6.5.3 Opportunities
6.5.4 Threats (Limitations)
Chapter 7: Management Strategies 182- 192

7.1 Delineation of Buffer Areas and Other Zones within the
Buffer Area (e.g. Eco-development Zone, Forestry Zone,
Production Sector Zone etc.) 182
7.2 Zone and Theme Approaches to Management Strategies 183
7.2.1 Zone Plans
7.2.1.1 Eco- development Zone
7.2.1.2 Forestry Zone
7.2.1.3 Eco- tourism Zone
7.2.2 Theme Plans
viii
7.2.2.2 Forest Fire management
7.2.2.3 Tiger/ Wildlife monitoring
7.2.2.4 Regular Monitoring & Forecasting
7.2.2.5 Community relations
7.2.2.6 Human- wildlife conflict mitigation
7.2.2.7 Infrastructure development
7.2.2.8 Control of collection of NTFP items
Chapter 8: Eco- development and Livelihoods 193- 195
8.1 Policy and Institutional Framework 193
8.2 Livelihood Support Initiatives through Village Micro-plans 193
8.3 Integration of Rural Development Programmes 194
8.4 Monitoring and Evaluation 194
Chapter 9: Implementation Strategy 196- 200
9.1 State level Monitoring Committee 196
9.2 Tiger Conservation Foundation and District level
Coordination Committee 196
9.3 Formation of Eco- development Committees (EDCs),
Confederation of EDCs and Other Supporting Institutions
like Self Help Groups (SHGs) and Nature Clubs 196
9.4 Livelihood Support Initiatives through Village Micro Plans 196
9.5 Integration of Rural Development Programmes 197
9.6.1 Institutional Maturity Index
9.6.2 Livelihood with Conservation Outcomes
9.6.3 Social Safeguard
9.6.4 Environmental Safeguard
Chapter 10: Mainstreaming Strategy with various Production Sectors 201- 203
10.1 Forestry (affects directly) 201
10.2 Agriculture 201
10.3 Integrated Development (Eco-development,
development through Dist. Administration) 202
10.4 Tourism 202
10.5 Fisheries 202
10.6 Tea / Coffee estates (affects incidentally) 202
10.7 Road / Rail transport 202
10.8 Industry 203
10.9 Mining 203
10.10 Thermal power plants 203
10.11 Irrigation projects 203
10.12 Temple tourism 203
ix
10.13 Communication projects 203
Chapter 11: Research, Monitoring, Training & Wildlife Health 204- 205
11.1 Research Priorities, Main Projects and Implementation 204
11.2 Monitoring Framework 204
11.3 Training Needs Assessment 204
11.4 HRD Plan 205
11.5 Wildlife Health Monitoring 205
11.6 Mortality Survey 205
Chapter 12: Tiger Population and Habitat Assessment 206- 206
12.1 Daily Monitoring Protocol 206
12.2 Tiger Population Estimation Framework (Phase - I, II and III) 206
12.3 Habitat Assessment Framework 206
12.4 Spatial Database Development 206
12.5 Analysis and Reporting Framework 206
Chapter 13: Protection and Intelligence Gathering 207- 208
13.1 Deployment of Native Workforce 207
13.2 Patrolling Strategy including Joint Patrolling 207
13.3 Maintenance of Village level Crime Dossiers 208
13.4 Fire Protection 208
13.5 Intelligence Gathering and Coordination 208
Chapter 14: Eco - tourism, Interpretation and Nature Education 209- 211
14.1 Tiger Conservation Foundation and Management of
Community based Eco - tourism Program 209
14.2 Eco - tourism Guidelines and Constitution of Park Welfare Funds 209
14.3 Interpretation Programme 210
14.4 Nature Education 210
Chapter 15: Organization, Administration and Budget 212- 216
15.1 Coordination Committee and its Linkages
with Tiger Steering Committee & Tiger Conservation Foundation 212
15.1.1 State level Monitoring Committee
15.1.2 Tiger Conservation Foundation & District Level Coordination
Committee
15.2 Coordination with EDCs, Confederation and other Line Agencies/
Departments/ Production Sectors 213
15.3 Staff Deployment 214
15.4 Fund Raising Strategies 214
15.5 Schedule of Operations 214
x
MANAGEMENT PLAN OF ADJOINING AREAS (CORRIDORS)
Chapter- 1: Introduction of the Area 217- 222
1.1 Brief Description of the Area & Significance for Tiger
Conservation 217
1.1.1 National Habitat Corridors
1.1.2 Regenerated Habitat Corridors
1.1.3 Planted Habitat Corridors
1.1.4 Disturbances in Habitat Corridors
1.1.5 Stepping stones
1.2 Map Showing Landscape Beyond Core and Buffer Areas 221
1.3 Major Land Use Classification in the Area 221
1.5 Geological Attributes and Hydrology 222
1.6 Vegetation Types 222
Chapter- 2: Status of Tiger and Co- Predators 223- 223
2.1 Distribution, Abundance Status with Type of Use by the Tiger
& Co-predators 223
2.2 Prey- Predator Relationships 223
Chapter- 3: Land- use Patterns and Conservation Management Issues 224- 224
3.1 Socio- economic Profile of Villages and Resource Dependency
and Human- Wildlife Mutual Impacts 224
3.2 Assessments of Input of Line Agencies/ Other Departments 224
Chapter- 4: Visions, Goals, Objectives and Problems 225- 226
4.1 Visions 225
4.4 Problems in Achieving the Objectives 225
4.5 Strengths- Weaknesses- Opportunities- Threats (SWOT) Analysis 225
Chapter- 5: Management Strategies 227- 230
5.1 Delineation of Corridors and Other Habitat Used by Tigers
and Co- predators 227
xi
5.2 Prioritization of linkages 227
5.3 Development of Integrated Land Use Approach for the Area
Commensurate With Tiger Conservation And
Co- Existence Agenda 227
5.4 Wildlife Management in Territorial Forest Areas 228
5.5 Zone Plan Management Strategies 229
5.5.1 Corridor Protection Zone
5.5.2 Corridor Restoration Zone
Chapter- 6: Eco- development and Livelihoods 231- 232
6.1 Constitution of Adjoining Corridor Area Management Committee 231

6.2 Formation of Eco-development Committees and Supporting
Institutional Framework 231
6.3 Livelihood Support Initiatives through Village Micro Plans
Supported by Tiger Conservation Foundation and Other
Line Agencies 231
Chapter- 7: Tiger Population and Habitat Assessment 233- 233
7.1 Day to Day Monitoring Protocol 233

7.2 Tiger Population Estimation Framework (Phase I & II) 233
7.3 Analysis and Reporting Framework and Periodicity 233
Chapter- 8: Organization, Administration and Budget 234 - 236
8.1 Coordination Committee for Effective Implementation and

Management and Linkages with Tiger Steering Committee
and Tiger Conservation Foundation 234
8.2 EDC Co-ordination 234
8.3 Staff Deployment, Protection Strategy and Linkages with
Tiger Cell and Buffer Zone Strike Force 235
8.4 Schedule of operations 235
xii
List of Annexures
Annexure- I Notification and constitution of Core Area 1- 4

Annexure- II Details of waterholes in Core Area (CTH) 5- 8
Annexure- III List of birds 9- 13
Annexure- IV List of flora 14- 18
Annexure- V Scat analysis- memo and reports 19- 27
Annexure- VI List of grasslands in Core Area (CTH) 28- 28
Annexure- VII List of natural salt licks in Core Area (CTH) 29- 31
Annexure- VIII List of fire lines in Core (CTH) 32- 32
Annexure- IX List of vehicles in Project Tiger, Palamau 33- 35
Annexure- X List of roads in Core Area (CTH) 36- 37
Annexure- XI Construction of Causeway/ Culvert in Palamau Tiger Reserve 38- 40
Annexure- XII Administrative Setup of Palamau Tiger Reserve 41- 44
Annexure- XIII Notification of Strike Force 45- 46
Annexure- XIV Notification of Palamau Tiger Conservation Foundation 47- 60
Annexure- XV Activity budget of Core Area (CTH) 61- 62
Annexure- XVI Notification of Buffer Area 63- 64
Annexure- XVII Details of forests constituting the Buffer or Peripheral
Area around Core (CTH) of Palamau Tiger Reserve 65- 68
Annexure- XVIII List of birds 69- 73
Annexure- XIX List of waterholes 74- 76
Annexure- XX List of buildings in Buffer Area 77- 80
Annexure- XXI Population dynamics of 191 villages in and around Buffer
Area of Palamau Tiger Reserve 81- 88
Annexure- XXII Details of Micro Plans prepared for Eco- Development
Committees 89- 90
Annexure- XXIII Activity budget of Buffer Area 91- 92
Annexure- XXIV Map of wildlife corridors 93- 93
Annexure- XXV List of identified forests and villages falling within 3 km
wide of corridor 95- 141
xiii
List of Maps
Map- 1: Map of Core Area or CTH 5

Map- 2: Location of Core Area 5
Map- 3: Geological map of Palamau Tiger Reserve 11
Map- 4: Soil map of Palamau Tiger Reserve 13
Map- 5: Geomorphological map of Palamau Tiger Reserve 14
Map- 6: River and nallahs 15
Map- 7: Ground water prospect map of PTR 19
Map- 8: Water availability in Core Area 20
Map- 9: Drainage map of PTR 20
Map- 10: Forest type map of Core Area 23
Map- 11: Forest cover map of Core area or CTH of Palamau Tiger Reserve 28
Map- 12: Major grasslands 29
Map- 13: Tiger evidences 34
Map- 14: Forest fire occurrence in Core Area of Palamau Tiger Reserve
during 2004 to 2014 illustrated over ASTER DEM 45
Map- 15: Land use and land cover map of Palamau Tiger Reserve 65
Map- 16: Water resource development plan of PTR 77
Map- 17: Public communication map of Palamau Tiger Reserve 86
Map- 18: Transect line in Palamau Tiger Reserve 93
Map- 19: Buffer area of Palamau Tiger Reserve 118
Map- 20: Administrative map of Project Tiger Reserve 119
Map- 21: Geological map of PTR 121
Map- 22: Soil map of Palamau Tiger Reserve 123
Map- 23: Geomorphological map of PTR 124
Map- 24: Major river pattern of Palamau Tiger Reserve 125
Map- 25: Ground water prospect of PTR 128
Map- 26: Major waterholes and Dams 129
Map- 27: Drainage map 129
Map- 28: Forest cover map of Buffer Area 135
Map- 29: Direct & indirect evidences of tiger in Palamau Tiger Reserve 140
Map- 30: Forest fire occurrence in Buffer Area of Palamau Tiger Reserve
during 2004 to 2014 illustrated over ASTER DEM 147
Map- 31: Zone plan of Palamau Tiger Reserve 182
Map- 32: Forest fire occurrence in PTR is overlaid on ASTER DEM 190
xiv
List of Tables
Table- 1: Minimum and maximum temperature (in oC) in last five years in core Area 16
Table- 2: Mean rainfall (in mm)in Palamau Tiger Reserve 17
Table- 3: Abstract list of waterhole in Core Area 20
Table- 4: List of dams 20
Table- 5: Forest types in Core Area of PTR 21
Table- 6: Vegetation dynamics of the Core Area 24
Table- 7: List of mammals 26
Table- 8: Forest/ non- forest classes in Core Area 27
Table- 9: Scat analysis results 32
Table- 10: Tiger evidences in last 4 years 33
Table- 11: Estimated number of predators in PTR 37
Table- 12: Cattle killed by tiger and leopard 38
Table- 13: Estimated number of prey in PTR 39
Table- 14: Compensation rate fixed by the Govt. of Jharkhand, 2014 40
Table- 15: Compensation paid in Core Area 41
Table- 16: Fire occurrence in Core Area 44
Table- 17: Chain gates in core area of PTR 57
Table- 18: Buildings in core area 57
Table- 19: Wireless sets operative in Palamau Tiger Reserve for networking 58
Table- 20: Staff strength in PTR 62
Table- 21: percentage of LULC of PTR 63
Table- 22: LULC analysis of Core Area, PTR 64
Table- 23: Population demographic of forest villages in core area, PTR 66
Table- 24: Details of forest villages in Core Area 67
Table- 25: Funds received during last 5 financial years 112
Table- 26: Average temperature (in oC)of Buffer area (maximum point-
Kechki & minimum point- Netarhat) 126
Table- 27: Annual mean rainfall (in mm) in Palamau Tiger Reserve 127
Table- 28: Range wise distribution of waterholes 129
Table- 29: List of dams 130
Table- 30: Forest types and area 131
Table- 31: List of mammals 134
Table- 32: Forest cover of Buffer Area 135
Table- 33: Compensation rates fixed by the Govt. of Jharkhand, 2014 142
Table- 34: Compensation paid in Buffer Area 142
Table- 35: Illegal felling of trees in Buffer Area 145
Table- 36: Fire occurrence in Buffer Area 146
Table- 37: Grassland and area 152
Table- 38: Saltlicks 153
Table- 39: Chain gates 155
Table- 40: Fire lines 156
Table- 41: Fire watch towers 157
xv
Table- 42: Population dynamics 157
Table- 43: Block wise household and population 158
Table- 44: Forests in tourism zone 162
Table- 45: Available accommodation 162
Table- 46: Year wise number of visitors 162
Table- 47: Type of farmers 166
Table- 48: Type of farmers and expected yearly income from agriculture 166
Table- 49: Land classification of dependency villages 170
xvi
List of Graphs
Graph- 1: Average temperature of Palamau Tiger Reserve in last 5 years in core area, PTR 17
Graph- 2: Annual mean rainfall in Palamau Tiger Reserve 18
Graph- 3: Pie diagram of forest type in Core Area, PTR 22
Graph- 4: Vegetation dynamics of Core Area 25
Graph- 5: Pie chart of forest cover of Core Area, PTR 27
Graph- 6: Scat analysis of tiger scats by different agencies 33
Graph- 7: Estimated number of predators in PTR 37
Graph- 8: Prey preference by predators in PTR (Srivastava, 1985) 38
Graph- 9: Cattle killed by tiger and leopard 38
Graph- 10: Estimated number of prey in PTR 39
Graph- 11: Fire occurrence 44
Graph- 12: Administrative set up in PTR 61
Graph- 13: LULC changes 63
Graph- 14: Pie diagram of LULC 2011- 12 64
Graph- 15: Average temperature of Palamau Tiger Reserve in last 5 years 127
Graph- 16: Annual mean rainfall in Palamau Tiger Reserve in last 5 years 127
Graph- 17: Forest types in Buffer Area 131
Graph- 18: Vegetation dynamics 133
Graph- 19: Forest cover Buffer Area 136
Graph- 20: Fire occurrence 146
Graph- 21: Population dynamics of Buffer area 158
Graph- 22: Type of farmers 167
Graph- 23: Production from different type of land 168
Graph- 24: Land classification of villages 171
Graph- 25: Population dynamics 171
Graph- 26: Work distribution 172
Graph- 27: Cattle killed by predators 174
Graph- 28: Compensation paid 175
xvii
List of Photographs
Photo- 1: Forest cover in Core Area 22

Photo- 2: Wildlife 26
Photo- 3: Major grasslands 29
Photo- 4: Camera trapped records of tigers from 2011 to 2015 in different ranges 35
Photo- 5: Leopards 36
Photo- 6: Cattle kill 41
Photo- 7: Illegal activities 42
Photo- 8: NTFP and firewood collection 43
Photo- 9: Destroyed buildings in Core Area 48
Photo- 10: Fire tracing 52
Photo- 11: Watch towers 53
Photo- 12: Wildlife related celebration and awareness programmes 56
Photo- 13: NTFP collection 67
Photo- 14: Work and training programs in Core Area 69
Photo- 15: Weed removal and grass burning activities 78
Photo- 16: Kutku dam and submerged area 87
Photo- 17: Camera trap practices 95
Photo- 18: Suggabandh and Palamau Fort 120
Photo- 19: Seasonal view of forest covers from Baresanr Hill 136
Photo- 20: Kutku dam and submergence area 138
Photo- 21: Camera trap evidences 139
Photo- 22: Cattle kill and villager with carcass for compensation claim 142
Photo- 23: Death of elephant by electrification and low height wire 143
Photo- 24: Illegal activities 144
Photo- 25: NTFP and firewood collection 145
xviii
PALAMAU
TIGER RESERVE
i. Introduction of the Area
The Palamau Tiger Reserve was notified in 1974 as one of India’s first nine tiger reserves
established under Project Tiger. It is located in the western part of the Chhotanagpur Plateau
and spans an area of 1129.93 km2 comprising the Palamau Wildlife Sanctuary (979.27 km2)
and Betla National Park (226.32 km2) is spread over the districts of Latehar and Garhwa in
Jharkhand. It is bounded by River North Koel on its west and River Auranga on its north. The
reserve’s immediate adjoining landscape includes the forests of Mahuadanr Range including
Mahuadanr Wolf Sanctuary and the forests of Bhandaria and Ranka East ranges of Garhwa
Forest Division which are contiguous with the Sarguja Forest Division of Chhattisgarh. The
forest of Latehar Forest Division is on the western side. There is also connectivity with forests
of Medininagar Forest Division on the northeastern part of the reserve. According to the All
India Tiger Estimate- 2010, Palamau is believed to have a mean population of 10 adult tigers
(range 6-13) with tiger occupancy spread over 1116 km2. As per partial report, the population
estimation as per the All India Tiger Estimation- 2014 for the state of Jharkhand on the basis of
scat samples sent from Palamau Tiger Reserve is 3. The detailed tiger reserve wise report is yet
to be released.
i.i Description of the Tiger Conservation Unit/ Landscape and Significance of the
Area for the Tiger Conservation
Palamau Tiger Reserve has been classed within the Central Indian Landscape Complex–the
largest tiger landscape in India as described by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII). On its
western side, the contiguity of habitat from Palamau extends into the Sanjay- Dubri Tiger
Reserve, through Guru Ghasidas National Park, all the way to Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve. This
makes it part of the 25,000 km2 of Bandhavgarh- Sanjay- Guru Ghasidas- Palamau Landscape.
Palamau Tiger Reserve is also connected to the Achanakmar- Kanha Tiger Landscape through
the Jashpur and Mahan Forests of Chhattisgarh. To its north-east, Palamau TR is weakly
connected to the Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary and Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary along
the border with Bihar through the Lawalong Wildlife Sanctuary in Chatra district as well as
the Hazaribag Wildlife Sanctuary. Towards the south, it is connected to the Saranda/ Odisha
landscape through forests of Simdega and Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary in the Gumla District near
Jashpur region of Chhattisgarh.
This area could form one of the largest contiguous tiger habitats in Central India and Palamau
has the potential to be revived into a source population that supports a stable meta-population of
tigers across adjoining landscapes and revitalizes them with tigers and other wildlife in future.
Due to limitations set by the presence of inter-state boundaries, the reserve area constitutes
the landscape formed by the Palamau Tiger Reserve and adjoining forests of Garhwa, Latehar,
Lohardagga and Gumla districts, Jharkhand.
Eight forest villages, namely Ramandag, Latu, Kujrum, Bijaypir, Ghutuwa, Gopkhanr, Pandra
and Henar exist within the Core/ Critical Tiger Habitat (CTH) and these villages along with
1
191 villages around Tiger Reserve populate the buffer area. Another 207 villages exist within a
zone of 5 kilometers from the reserve boundary and exert immense pressure on the reserve for
demands for forest produce as well as livestock grazing. The Ranchi-Mughalsarai railway track
passes through the tiger reserve with stops at Barwadih, Chhipadohar, Hehegara and Kumandih.
Similarly, the Daltonganj- Mahuadanr- Netarhat- Ranchi State Highway- 9 almost bisects the
reserve. The Ranchi- Daltonganj National Highway- 75 passes through the northern fringes of
the reserve.
Left- Wing Extremism (LWE) has adversely affected protection and monitoring activities
by limiting staff movement within the reserve and by destruction of Forest Department
infrastructure. Front- line staff shortage, in combination with extremism, is the biggest limiting
factor for protection as well as routine management practices.
i.ii Legal provisions contained in the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 regarding Tiger
Conservation Plan and brief description of their relevance in the Tiger Conservation
Unit/ Landscape:
The legal provisions contained in the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (Amended 2006) regarding
Tiger Conservation Plan are given in Section 38V (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) and under its sub sections.
Section: 38V Tiger Conservation Plan:
The State Government shall, on the recommendation of the Tiger Conservation Authority,
notify an area as a tiger reserve.
a. The provisions of sub- section (2) of Section 18, sub-section (2),(3) and (4)of Section
27, Section 30, 32 and clauses (b)and (c) of Section 33 of this Act shall, as far as may be,
apply in relation to a sanctuary.
b. The state government shall prepare a Tiger Conservation Plan including staff development
and deployment plan for the proper management of each area referred to in sub- section
(1), so as to ensure;
(a) Protection of tiger reserve and providing site specific habitat inputs for a viable
population of tigers, co-predators and prey animals without distorting the natural
prey-predator ecological cycle in the habitat;
(b) Ecologically compatible land uses in the tiger reserves and areas linking one
protected area or tiger reserve with another for addressing the livelihood concern
of local people, so as to provide dispersal habitats and corridor for spill over
population of wild animals from the designated core areas of tiger reserves or
from tiger breeding habitats within other protected areas;
(c) The forestry operations of regular forest divisions and those adjoining tiger
reserves are not incompatible with the needs of tiger conservation.
(d) Subject to the provisions contained in the act, the state government shall,
while preparing a Tiger Conservation Plan, ensure the agricultural, livelihood,
2
developmental and other interests of the people living in tiger bearing forests or
a tiger reserve.
For the purposes of this Section, the expression” tiger reserve” includes:
a. Core or critical tiger habitat areas of National Parks and Sanctuaries, where it has been
established, on the basis of scientific and objective criteria, that such area are required
to be kept as inviolate for the purposes of tiger conservation, without affecting the rights
of the Scheduled tribes or such other forest dwellers, and notified as such by the State
Government in consultation with an Expert Committee constituted for the purposes;
b. Buffer or peripheral areas comprising of the area peripheral to critical tiger habitat or core
area, identified and established in accordance with the provisions contained in explanation
(i) of section 38V(4), where a lesser degree of habitat protection is required to ensure the
integrity of the critical tiger habitat with adequate dispersal for tiger species, and which
aim at promoting co-existence between wildlife and human activity with due recognition
of livelihood, developmental, social and cultural rights of the local people, wherein the
limits of such areas are determined on the basis of scientific and objective criteria in
consultation with the concerned Gram Sabha and an expert committee constituted for the
purpose.
Save as for voluntary relocation on mutually agreed terms and conditions, provided
that such terms and conditions satisfy the requirements laid down in the sub-section, no
Scheduled Tribes or other forest dweller shall unless:
(i) The process of recognition and determination of rights and acquisition of land
or forest rights of the Scheduled Tribes and such other forest dwelling persons is
complete.
(ii) The State Government, after obtaining the consent of the Scheduled Tribes and
other forest dwellers inhabiting the area, and in consultation with an independent
ecological and social scientist familiar with the area, has come to a conclusion that
other reasonable options of co-existence, are not available;
(iii) Resettlement or alternative package has been prepared providing for livelihood for
the affected individuals and communities and fulfills the requirements given in the
National Relief and Rehabilitation Policy;
(iv) The informed consent of the Gram Sabha concerned, and of the person affected, to
the resettlement programme has been obtained; and
(v) The facilities and land allocation at the resettlement location are provided under the
said programme, otherwise their existing rights shall not be interfered with.
The relevant provisions of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 are already in operation.
3
i.iii Delineation of Area into Core, Buffer and Adjoining Landscape
The Government of Jharkhand vide notification no. Wildlife 23/07-6589 dated 31.12.2007 has
delineated the Core Area and Buffer area of Palamau Tiger Reserve. The total Core Area
is 414.08 km2, Comprising of 39 Reserve Forest Blocks/ compartments of Palamau Wildlife
Sanctuary (200.54 km2) and Betla National Park (213.54 km2).
The Buffer area is 715.85 km2 comprising of 149.96 km2 area of 51 Reserve and Protected
forests which are not part of Sanctuary and National Park, 553.11 km2 area of Palamau Wildlife
Sanctuary consisting of 105 RFs and PFs and 12.78 km2 area of Betla National Park.
a) The area details of the Tiger Conservation Plan are as follows:

Sl. No. Jurisdiction Area in km2
1. Core/ Critical Tiger Habitat (CTH) 414.08
2. Buffer Area 715.85
Total area of Tiger Reserve 1129.93
Adjoining Landscape Area
3. Latehar District 170.90
4. Garhwa District 590.10
Total (Notified Forest Area) : 761.00
b) Range wise area statement
Sl. No. Name of Range Area in km2
1 Betla Range 48.49
2 Chhipadohar East Range 171.49
3 Chhipadohar West Range 194.00
4 Garu West Range 164.77
5 Garu East Range 175.91
6 Baresanr Range 219.30
7 Kutku Range 161.93
8 Mahuadanr Range 170.91
Total 1,306.80

Initially, an area of 979.27 km2 of the Palamau Tiger Reserve was declared as Palamau Wildlife
Sanctuary under Section 18 (1) of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 vide S. O. No. 1224
dated 17.07.76. Out of that, an area of 226.32 km2 was notified as the Betla National Park in
1996. A proposal for final notification of the Palamau Wildlife Sanctuary under Section 26
of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 is under consideration of the Govt. of Jharkhand and a
proposal for declaring 1572.45 km2 around Palamau Tiger Reserve as Eco- sensitive zone is
also submitted. (Map- 1 & 2)
4
Map- 1: Map of Core area or CTH
Map- 2: Location map of Core Area
5
CORE AREA
PART - A : THE EXISTING

SITUATION
CHAPTER- 1
INTRODUCTION OF THE AREA

1.1 Name, Location, Constitution & Extent
1.1.1 Name
Core Area or Critical Tiger Habitat (CTH) of Palamau Tiger Reserve.
1.1.2 Location
Critical Tiger Habitat of Tiger Reserve is located in the District of Latehar in Jharkhand, situated
between latitudes 23o28’31” N and 23o50’27” N and longitudes 84o00’32” E and 84o19’39” E.
1.1.3 Constitution
The Palamau Tiger Reserve was constituted in the year 1974 under PROJECT TIGER with
an area of 1026 Km2. The Core Area of Palamau Tiger Reserve has been delineated and duly
notified by the Government of Jharkhand vide notification no. WILDLIFE23/07-6589 dated
31-12-2007. The total Core Area is 414.08 km2 comprising of 39 Reserve Forest Blocks
(compartments) of Palamau Wildlife Sanctuary (Area 200.54 Km2) and Betla National Park
(area 213.54 Km2).
1.1.4 Extent (Area statement and legal status)
The Core Area is surrounded by forests on four sides; in the north is habitation & forests of
Betla, Barichattan and Morwai. In the east, it is surrounded by the forests of Chungru, Haratu,
Ladi, Labhar, Mundu and other Protected Forests of Garu East Range.In the south, Core Area is
surrounded by the forests of Netarhat, Dauna, Durup, Baresanr and Chetma of Baresanr Range
and in the west are the forests of Chemo, Saneya of Kutku Range and forests of Ambikapur
district of Chhatisgarh state. The entire Core is surrounded by forests of buffer zone, Mahuadanr
Wolf Sanctuary and Forests of Mahuadanr Range.
1.1.5 Notification and Legal Status
Majority of the Reserve Forests were constituted in 1877 under the Indian Forest Act of 1863
later on ratified in 1879 under the Indian Forests Act of 1878.
Protected Forests (old) were earlier notified under section 20 of the Indian Forest Act, 1878. All
other forests were later notified as Reserve Forests under section 20 of the Indian Forest Act,
1927 vide notification No. SO. 2688 of June, 1978 by the State Govt. of Bihar. Khalsa Reserve
Forests (KRFs) were notified as Reserve Forests vide notification No. 6661– III –F – 339– 1949
dated 7.11.1949 and SO. 100 dated 18.1.1978.These Reserve Forests are free from any Rights.
7
The Core Area of Palamau Tiger Reserve has been delineated and has been duly notified by
the Government of Jharkhand vide notification no.WILDLIFE23/07-6589 dated 31-12-2007
(Annexure- I).
1.2 Approach & Access
Head Quarter of the Palamau Tiger Reserve is situated at Daltonganj, which is connected to
the State Capital of Jharkhand, Ranchi, at distance of 165 km by NH- 75. The reserve could be
approached through Betla Range, which is 25 km from Daltonganj on Daltonganj- Mahuadanr
State Highway- 9. Daltonganj- Mahuadanr- Netarhat- Ranchi State Highway- 9 breaks out
from the Ranchi- Daltonganj NH-75 and passes through the tiger reserve, bisecting the Core/
Critical Tiger Habitat. This road connects Daltonganj to Betla, Chhipadohar, Garu, Baresanr,
Mahuadanr and Netarhat etc.
The nearest rail heads are at Daltonganj and Barwadih which are well connected to major cities
in the country by express and passenger trains. The smaller railway stations such as Hehegara,
Kumandih and Chhipadohar are inside the Palamau Tiger Reserve where passenger trains stop.
The nearest airport is the Birsa Munda Domestic Airport, Ranchi, 190 km from Betla.
1.3 Statement of Significance

1. Palamau constitutes the old Central Indian Landscape and was once called tiger country.
2. The landscape and forest-scape connectivity extends to Central Indian tiger lands
through Semarsot WLS-Temorpingla- Guru Ghasidas NP- Sanjay NP- Bandhavgarh
TR.
3. The connectivity also extends to Similipal Tiger Reserve, Odisha through Palkot WLS-
Simdega- Porahat- Saranda (West) and Singhbhum (East) forests.The connectivity is
also with Bihar and West Bengal Forest through Lawalong WLS- Gautam Buddha
WLS- Hazaribag WLS, Koderma WLS and Dalma WLS forests.
4. It has very diverse forest composition forming the prime habitat of diverse wildlife. The
Northern Tropical Dry Deciduous Sal (Shorea robusta) forest and its associates primarily
dominate the habitat. Smaller patches of Northern tropical Moist Deciduous forests also
exist apart from five sub-types, i.e., (i) Moist peninsular Sal, (ii) Dry Peninsular Sal
(iii) Northern Dry Mixed Deciduous (iv) Aegle and (v) Dry Bamboo Brake. Phoenix
sylvestris is noted growing along smaller streams. These forests may occasionally be
associated with Butea, Carissa, Capparis and Salvadora.
5. The PTR has the unique ecology. The altitude increases from 200m to 1000m while
traversing from north to south. This changes the habitat diversity and biodiversity of the
reserve. The higher elevation is the home of Sloth Bear and Wolf breeding dens apart
from other wildlife. This part has the unique distribution of Orchids.10 out of 11 species
of Dendrobium and the only species of Pholidota are found (Kumar and Rawat, 2008).
6. Some keystone and principal species found in the area include tiger (Panthera tigris),
Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus), Leopard (Panthera pardus), Grey wolf (Canis
lupus pallipes), Wild dog (Cuon alpinus), Gaur (Bos gaurus), Sloth bear (Melursus
8
ursinus), Four horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis), Indian Ratel, Indian otter etc.
In total, documented species include 39 species of mammal, 205 species of birds, 28
species of amphibians and reptiles.The diversity of arthropod is yet to be documented
fully but 21 families of insects, 36 species of spiders are recorded. The animal diversity
is very high.
7. The recorded plant diversity includes 97 species of seed bearing plant, 49 species of
shrubs and herbs, 30 species of climbers, semi-parasites and orchids, and 18 species
of grasses. The 114 species of medicinal plants recorded to be used by local tribal
communities. The flora is diverse and unique and found to be mixture of endemic,
common with terrai and north east (Kumar & Rawat, 2008).
8. The area falls under sub- catchment of River North Koel and catchment of River Son
forming the major tributaries of River Ganga. The major Rivers North Koel, Burha
and Auranga as well as their major streams like Kohborwa, Aksi, Pandra, Panchnadia,
Satnadia, Jawa etc. form a network of drainages in the area.
9. Palamau division falls under drought prone area. The forests of PTR control the ecology,
rainfall and climate of the division.
10. The PTR area is the home of some most primitive Dravidian tribes of India such as
Korwa, Birjia, Nagesia and Parahia who still retain the affinity with forests. Their
customs, rituals, festivals and life style is forest based and worship trees.
9
CHAPTER- 2
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
AND ATTRIBUTES
2.1 Geology, Rock and Soil
2.1.1 Geology and Rock
The characteristic geological formation of the reserve, in brief, is gneiss of which all the more
important hill ranges are composed. It is of varied constitution and includes granite, hornblende
and calcareous gneisses associated with lime stone. Schistose are uncommon. The Gondwana
formation is represented by the Talchir, Mahadeva and Barakar groups composed of sandstones
and shales.
The groups of rocks occurring within the tract dealt with may be classified for forest descriptive
purposes as follows:-
• Laterite - High level Laterite and Bauxite
• Quartzite - Quartzite, microcline, epidosite, biotite schist, diopsidite, pegmatite,
biotitehillimanite-schist.
• Gneiss - Horneblende- granulite, horneblende- gneiss, diopsidite, biotite gneiss,
microcline and quartzaplite, horneblende- biotite gneiss. Magnetite, tufa, olivine,
epidosite and pegmatite.
• Amphibolite – Amphibolite, pyroxene granulite, hypersthena gneiss, horneblende
granulite and quartz.
• Gondwana – Barakar and Mahadeva sandstones, grits, shales, haematite, conglomerate.
• Alluvial - Alluvial deposits consist of silt, sands, clay and gravel and organic matter.
All three major rivers North Koel, Auranga and Burha form extensive alluvial deposit in
PTR. Most of the cultivation is carried out here as the land is very fertile. (Map- 3)
2.1.2 Soil
Petrological Groups: - The general characteristics of these petrological groups of soils may be
briefly described as follows:
• Group- I: A very homogeneous rock formation occurring on plateau and hill above 1,000
meter in elevation. The laterite consist of altered trap (or sandstone) while beneath the
laterite cap lies granitoid gneiss which uniformly cap the hills. The soil is a typical high
level laterite clay or clayey loam. In general, except on gentle slopes it is very shallow.
This group is relatively unimportant as it is inaccessible.
10
Map- 3: Geological map of Palamau Tiger Reserve
11
• Group- II: As a rule this group is represented on hill of regular outline and sharply
defined ridges which fall away in both sides of steep gradients, but where felspathic
granite constitutes the main rock (e.g. on slopes below Netarhat plateau) the
configuration of the hill is less regular. The group is represented on some of the
highest hill range where there is no laterite or just below the laterite. The group is
also represented in certain plain forests e.g. around Chhipadohar. The range in the
character of the soil typical of the group is fairly considerable but typical feature
is that they contain quartz pebbles. The soil superficially gives the appearance of a
sandy loam but it is more truly a loam mixed with quartz pebbles and with sand in the
surface layers. Except in valleys and on uneroded plains. The soil in fairly shallow.
• Group- III: This is Heterogeneous group, the constituent rocks of which required
further study. The group occupies hilly ground but it is never found on the upper
slopes of the highest hills which are invariably group I or II. It is well represented on
the lower slope of the Kari- Henar valley. The soil is somewhat coarse sandy loam
which on hill slope is usually shallow but deep pockets occur. In valley in attains a
considerable depth.
• Group- IV: A Heterogeneous group of restricted distribution which merges into
group- III. It occupies low broken hilly ground. The soil is a coarse sandy calcareous
loam which is usually fairly shallow but deep pockets occur which grow large sized
timber. The soil attains a fair depth in the valleys.
• Group-V: The group really consists of two sub- groups in one of Mahadeva
sandstones are dominant and in the other Barakar sandstones. The Talchir formation
also occurs only as a narrow fringe. The difference between the Mahadeva and
Barakar sandstones is that the moisture content of the former is much higher and this
has its influence on the flora. This group is typically represented by low hills with
definite scarps. This soil is typically a shallow sandy loam or loam which becomes
more clayey when shale is present. This group is of low value from the point of view
of timber production.
• Group-VI: This group is limited to the flat valley of North Koel river and streams.
The soil is sandy loam or loam of considerable depth. The group contains the more
fertile soil of the reserve but it is of very restricted extent.
As per the information from Jharkhand Space Application Centre (JSAC), the following
soil types are found in Palamau TR as per the texture and composition (Map- 4):
1. Loamy, Lithic Haplustalfs/ Fine, Typic Paleustalfs; 36
2. Fine, Typic Paleustalfs / Fine-loamy, Ultic Haplustalfs; 78
3. Fine-loamy, Typic Ustochrepts / Fine-loamy, Typic Haplustalfs; 39
4. Loamy-skeletal, Lithic Ustorthents / Fine-loamy, Ultic Haplustalfs; 15
5. Fine, Typic Haplustalfs / Fine-loamy, Typic Ustochrepts; 24
6. Loamy, Lithic Ustorthents / Fine, Typic Rhodustalfs; 20
7. Fine, Tyipic Paleustalfs / Fine, Typic Rhodustalfs; 22
8. Coarse-loamy, Typic Ustorthents / Fine, Rhodic Paleustalfs; 21
9. Fine, Typic Rhodustalfs / Fine-loamy, Typic Ustorthents; 41
12
Map- 4: - Soil map of Palamau Tiger Reserve
13
2.1.3 Terrain-
The terrain is undulating with several spurs and valleys in core area. This forms several primary
and secondary level streams in the area. The elevation decreases in northern part from 800m to
200m approx. The highest peak in core area is Huluk which is approx. 800m.
The major river is North Koel which receives major drainages like Surkumi Nallah, Kohborwa
Nallah, Barwahi Nallah, Satnadiya and Pachnadiya. The northern fringe of core has the drainages
of Auranga River. The major drainages are Jawa River, Jalma River. One more perennial river
Burha meets North Koel in Bagechampa forming a valley.
The geomorphology of core area consists of nearly 60% of pediment inseberg complex. The
major area of core is also covered with denuded hills. The part of Saidup and Amwatikar area is
represented by structural hills. The other areas have pediplain dissected and residual hills. The
moisture content and water table is high from north to southern parts (Map- 5).
Map- 5: - Geomorphological map of Palamau Tiger Reserve
14
2.2 Hydrology and Water Resources
Palamau Tiger Reserve falls in a drought-prone area. There are two perennial rivers, which flow
across the reserve- North Koel and Burha. There are many streams, nallahs and chuans as well.
Satnadiya, Pandra, Panchnadia and Kohborwa are important streams.
2.2.1 River and streams:
Palamau Tiger reserve falls under drought- prone area. It receives less rainfall in northern part.
However the southern part has several hills and valleys farming drainages for three perennial
rivers in buffer area. The eastern part has Auranga River. The western side has Burha River but
major river North Koel cuts across the south to north and forms the external boundary of Buffer
Area in the north. All major streams and rivers are tributaries of River North Koel in Buffer
Area. The major streams are Aksi, Pandra, Kohborwa, Surkumi, Kotam, Chopat, Chipru, Jawa,
Charu etc. A large number of aquifers locally called ‘Chuan’ are found particularly in south-
western part of Buffer. A sulphur hot spring is found near Barwadih.
Map- 6: River and Nallahs
15
2.2.2 Climate
The area experiences tropical climate with extreme summers and cold winters. The altitudinal
variation in the core ranges from 300 m to 1140 m above MSL. The core lies in the Deccan
Plateau of the Chhotanagpur Plateau (6D) biogeographic zone. The climate here can be classified
into four distinct seasons:
i. Winter: Mid- November to mid- February

ii. Summer: Mid- February to mid- June
iii. Rains: Mid- June to mid- September
iv. Autumn: Mid- September to mid- November
Winters in core are usually quite cold, particularly at night, and the occurrence of frost is noticed
in late December and early January. The frost has been noted to scorch grasses and even young
seedlings of trees.
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Year/ Month
Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min.
January 24.6 7.5 25.8 7.0 25.0 7.3 22.6 6.8 23.0 4.0
February 31.8 12.7 30.6 12.7 25.7 9.0 27.1 10.8 25.0 6.2
March 37.0 16.8 36.5 14.8 28.0 14.0 33.0 14.7 32.0 13.1
April 40.6 27.5 40.7 23.6 36.8 17.7 39.4 18.7 38.2 17.8
May 43.9 28.1 45.5 28.1 39.5 24.5 42.0 24.6 42.6 23.0
June 43.9 27.1 41.3 28.5 41.6 28.3 37.5 26.2 38.0 27.0
July 33.7 16.6 32.7 25.0 32.6 25.8 32.9 24.5 33.0 24.0
August 34.1 24.8 32.0 24.5 32.5 25.0 30.9 24.6 32.0 25.2
September 35.2 24.2 33.6 24.6 34.0 27.0 35.0 26.0 36.0 27.1
October 33.4 22.2 31.2 20.2 33.0 20.0 32.0 16.0 31.2 15.8
November 33.5 19.7 33.5 15.4 30.2 18.0 31.5 17.0 30.5 15.1
December 28.1 10.8 30.3 9.9 29.0 7.6 28.0 8.2 24.0 5.0
Table- 1: Minimum and maximum temperature (in oC) in last five years in Core Area
Winter temperatures can sometimes dip to 4º C in valleys in the core. The summer season is
very hot and dry from late April to early June. At time, temperature can reach 45.5º C in the
northern portion of the reserve. The southern areas, being at higher altitudes and with denser
forest cover, are comparatively moderate in summer. Annual mean temperature has been shown
in table below:
16
Graph- 1: Average temperature of Palamau Tiger Reserve in last 5 years in core area, PTR
Frost occurs almost every year, especially in the grassy blanks, but usually it is not of a severe
nature. The areas covered with forest cover are usually free of frost. The effect of frost is
most evident in some valleys of River North Koel, especially at Bagechampa in Baresanr
Compartment No. 2.
Most of the precipitation received by the region is limited to rainfall from the southwest
monsoon in the months of mid- June to September. The retreating monsoon has little effect on
the region. Rainfall is higher in the southern portions of the reserve than in its northern portion.
Mean annual rainfall is estimated at 1075mm. Periodic droughts have been noticed, repeating
roughly once in every five years. These can be severe and the worst such droughts have been
recorded in 1967 and 1993. Most of waterholes dry up during this time and it is a pinch period
for the Reserve’s wildlife. Annual mean rainfall (in mm) has been shown in table below:
Year/
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Months
2010 0 0 0 0 3 159.9 311.2 462.6 59 54.5 26.4 9
2011 82.2 16 0 1.6 42.1 98.2 177.1 125.5 186.8 77.8 15.1 0
2012 0 0 5 0 19 117.1 401.5 205.2 71.2 38.5 0 0
2013 0 0 6 1 22 122.2 430 199.6 75 44 0 0
2014 0 0 0 2 15 150 230 130 60 32 0 0
Table- 2: Mean rainfall (in mm) in Palamau Tiger Reserve
17
Graph- 2: Annual mean rainfall in Palamau Tiger Reserve
2.2.3 Humidity
The area is dry and humidity is very low during the months from March to early May. The
humidity in the mornings is higher than that in the evenings throughout the year. Depending
upon the season relative humidity in the mornings ranges from 68% to 83% where as it is 25%
to 75% in the evenings. Humidity becomes intolerably high towards the end of the hot weather
season and prior to the full advent of the monsoon.
2.2.4 Wind
Hot winds blow during day, roughly between 0900 hrs and 1700 hrs in the months of April and
May. These have a severe effect on forest fires. These winds are locally known as the loo across
northern India. The loo is more intense in the northern part of the reserve than in its southern
parts. Strong monsoonal winds are noticed towards the end of summer.
The area falls under drought prone category. The severe drought in every 10 and minor drought
in 3-5 years are noticed. The northern part faces acute water scarcity during summer.
2.2.5 Ground water
The ground water position varies in different areas, nearly 50% of the area has limited prospects
and rest 50 % has yield of the water from 30m to 80m depth with capacity of 50 to 100 LPM
yield.
There are 205 water holes spread over in whole area. Many water holes do not dry even during
summer season. There are few aquifers also .There are two perennial rivers which flow across
the reserve- North Koel and Burha. There are many streams, nallahs and chuans also. Satnadiya,
Pandra, Panchnadia, are longest streams (Annexure-II).
18
Map- 7: Ground water prospect map of PTR
19
Abstract list of waterholes found in Core area is given as below:
S. No Compartments No. of waterholes

1 Saidup Comp. 1to 7 55
2 Baresanr Comp. 1 to 24 110
3 Ramandag Comp. 1 to 7 40
205
Table- 3: Abstract list of waterhole in Core Area
Map- 8: Water Availability in Core Area Map- 9: Drainage map of PTR

There are 16 no. of earthen dams in core to cater the needs of wildlife which are given below-
S. No. Name of Dam/ Reservoir Comp.
1 Jamunpani Saidupe-4
2 Dataram Baresand-15
3 Barwahi Saidupe-3
4 Harindegwa Saidupe-1
5 Kujrum Baresand-2
6 Teno Baresand-9
7 Garudohar Ramandag-3
8 Balapani Baresand-8
9 Halhad Baresand-1
10 Purnapani Ramandag-4
11 Kherwanala Baresand-10
12 Goryasemar Baresaand-9
13 Dhawaichua Ramandag-2
14 Phutahwa Baresand-1
15 Barkabandh Baresand-1
16 Jodasakhua Baresaand-9
Table- 4: List of dams

20
2.2.6 Catchments
The area falls under region- Ganges, basin- Lower Ganges- catchment Son, sub-catchment
North Koel, watershed- Auranga, Charu, Burha and Upper North Koel. There are 12 micro
watersheds covering the core area.
2.3 Vegetation Cover Types
According to Champion and Seth’s concept of classification of the forest types of India, the
forests of Palamau Tiger Reserve fall under the following types and sub types:
Types and sub-types
• Type I - Moist Tropical Forests

Groups 3 - Tropical Moist Deciduous forests.
Sub – Groups – 3C Northern Indian Moist deciduous forests
Sub – Types – 3C 2(e) Moist peninsular Sal forests.
• Type II – Dry Tropical Forests.
Group 5- Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests

Sub- Group 5B- Northern Tropical Dry deciduous forests
Sub- type’s 5B/C1 (e)- Dry peninsular Sal forests
(i) 5B/C2- Northern dry mixed deciduous forests.
(ii) 5B/E6- Aegle forest.
(iii) 5B/E9- Dry bamboo brake
S No Forest type Area (in Sq Km)

1 3C/2e (ii) Moist Peninsular Low Level Sal Forests 7.23
2 5/DS1 Dry Deciduous Scrub 1.08
3 5/E9 Dry Bamboo Brake 233.49
4 5B/C1 c Dry Peninsular Sal Forest 96.71
5 5B/C2 Northern Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest 61.76
6 Non Forest 10.02
7 Plantation/TOF 0.17
8 Water 3.62
Total 414.08
Table- 5: Forest type in Core Area of PTR
21
Graph- 3: Pie diagram of forest type in Core Area, PTR
From the point of view of management the forests may be conveniently divided into the
following main types:-
(i) Dry mixed Forest.
(ii) Dry Sal Forest.
(iii) Moist Sal Forest.
(iv) High Level Plateau Sal Forest.
(v) Moist Mixed Forest (Map- 10)
Photo- 1: Forest Cover in Core Area

22
Map- 10: Forest type map of Core Area
The vegetation composition of above types is as follows:
Dry Mixed Forest
Adina cordifolia, Diospyros melanoxylon, Buchanania lanzan, Madhuca longifolia, Pterocarpus
marsupium, Holoptelea integrifolia, Schleichera oleosa, Acacia catechu, Anogeissus latifolia,
Boswellia serrata, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Terminalia tomentosa, Woodfordia fruticosa etc.
Dry Sal Forest
Diospyros melanoxylon, Buchanania lanzan, Pterocarpus marsupium, Anogeissus latifolia,
Lagerstroemia parviflora, Terminalia tomentosa, Woodfordia fruticosa, Emblica officinalis,
Indigofera pulchella etc.
Moist Sal Forest
Diospyros melanoxylon, Buchanania lanzan, Emblica officinalis, Terminalia tomentosa,
Anogeissus latifolia, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Schleichera oleosa, Woodfordia fruticosa,
Adina cordifolia, Bauhinia spp. Bombax ceiba etc.
High level plateau Sal Forest
Terminalia tomentosa, Anogeissus latifolia, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Woodfordia fruticosa,
Bauhinia spp. Bombax ceiba, Butea monosperma, Madhuca longifolia etc.
23
Moist Mixed Forest
Terminalia tomentosa, Adina cordifolia, Bauhinia spp. Albizia procera, Syzygium cumini,
Mallotus philippensis etc.
Vegetation Dynamics of the Palamau Tiger Reserve
Abundance
Abundance
Dominance
Dominance
abundance
Frequency
Relatively
frequency
Relative
Relative
Relative
Density
Density
Species
ESN
(%)
(%)
Shorea robusta 60 10.909 3 0.288 5 0.091 23.92 15.384 11.197 10
Tectona grandis 30 5.454 1.2 0.115 4 0.073 19.13 7.692 5.569 5
Terminalia
60 10.909 1.5 0.144 2.5 0.045 11.96 15.384 11.053 10
tomentosa
Pterocarpus
20 3.636 0.7 0.067 3.5 0.064 16.74 5.128 3.703 4
marsupium
Adina cordifolia 50 9.09 1.4 0.134 2.8 0.051 13.39 12.82 9.224 9
Lagerstroemia
50 9.09 1.8 0.173 3.6 0.066 17.22 12.82 9.263 9
parviflora
Bombax ceiba 10 1.818 0.1 0.009 1 0.018 4.78 2.564 1.827 2
Ziziphus jujuba 20 3.636 0.3 0.028 1.5 0.027 7.17 5.128 3.664 2
Bauhinia spp. 10 1.818 0.1 0.009 1 0.018 4.78 2.564 1.827 2
Butea monosperma 40 7.272 2 0.192 5 0.091 23.92 10.236 7.464 8
Buchanania lanzan 20 3.636 0.6 0.057 3 0.055 14.35 5.128 3.693 4
Dendrocalamus
30 5.454 1.5clump 0.144 5 0.091 23.92 7.692 5.598 5
strictus
Gmelina arborea 10 1.818 0.1 0.009 1 0.018 4.78 2.564 1.827 2
Terminalia bellirica 20 3.636 0.3 0.028 1.5 0.027 7.17 5.128 3.664 4
Emblica officinalis 10 1.818 0.1 0.009 1 0.018 4.78 2.564 1.827 2
Syzygium cumini 10 1.818 0.1 0.009 1 0.018 4.78 2.564 1.827 2
Albizzia camara 10 1.818 0.1 0.009 1 0.018 4.78 2.564 1.827 2
Madhuca latifolia 20 3.636 0.8 0.076 4 0.073 9.56 5.128 3.712 4
Tamarindus indica 10 1.818 0.1 0.009 1 0.018 4.78 2.564 1.827 2
Terminalia chebula 10 1.818 0.1 0.009 1 0.018 4.78 2.564 1.827 2
Pongamia pinnata 10 1.818 0.2 0.019 1 0.018 4.78 2.564 1.837 2
Ficus glomerata 10 1.818 0.1 0.009 2 0.036 9.56 5.128 1.827 2
Table- 6: Vegetation dynamics of Core Area

24
Graph- 4: vegetation dynamics of Core Area
2.4 Wild fauna, habitats and trophic niches
2.4.1 Wild Fauna
The faunal composition of PTR is very rich and diverse. 40 species of mammals (table- 7), 205
species of birds, 28 species of amphibians and reptiles, 21 families of insects and 36 species of
spiders are recorded (Annexure- III).
The keystone species are Tigers, Elephants, Leopards, Grey Wolf, Gaur, Sloth Bear, Four-
Horned Antelope, Indian Ratel, Indian Otter and Indian Pangolin. There are 11 Schedule- I
species distributed in PTR among mammals only.
S.NO ENGLISH NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME SCHEDULE*

1 Bandicoot Rat Bandicota indica V
2 Barking Deer Muntiacus muntjak III
3 Common Indian Langur Presbytis entellus II
4 Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi II
5 Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus II
6 Four-horned Antelope Tetraceros quadricornis I
7 Grey Musk Shrew Suncus murinus IV
8 Indian Bush Rat Golunda ellioti V
9 Indian Elephant Elephas maximus I
10 Indian Field Mouse Mus booduga V
11 Indian Flying Fox Pteropus giganteus V
25
12 Indian Fox Vulpes bengalensis II
13 Indian Fruit Bat Rousettus leschenaulti V
14 Gaur (Indian Bison) Bos gaurus I
15 Indian Giant Squirrel Ratufa indica I
16 Indian Hare Lepus nigricollis IV
17 Indian Gerbilles Tarera indica V
18 Indian Jackal Canis aureus II
19 Indian Otter Lutra lutra II
20 Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata I
21 Indian Porcupine Hystrix indica IV
22 Indian Wild Dog (Dhole) Cuon alpinus II
23 Indian Wolf Canis lupus I
24 Jungle Cat Felischaus II
25 Leopard Panthera pardus I
26 Long-tailed Tree Mouse Vendeleuria oleracea V
27 Mouse Deer (Indian Chevrotain) Tragulus meminna I
28 Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus III
29 Ratel (Honey Badger) Mellivora capensis I
30 Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta II
31 Sambhar Deer Cervus unicolor III
32 Short-nosed Bat Cynopterus sphinx V
33 Sloth Bear Melursus ursinus I
34 Small India Civet Viverricula indica IV
35 Small Indian Mangoose Herpestes javanicus IV
36 Spotted Deer (Chital) Axis axis III
37 Striped Hyaena, Hyaena hyaena III
38 Three-striped Squirrel Funambulus palmarum IV
39 Tiger Panthera tigris I
40 Wild Boar Sus scrofa III
* Scheduled as per Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
Table-7: List of mammals
Photo- 2: Wildlife
26
2.4.2 Habitat
The habitat also varies into 5 distinct main types. The habitat is mostly dry, mixed deciduous
having moist and dry Sal, high level Sal, Bamboo brake and Aegle forests. The habitat is very
much suitable for varieties of wildlife. There are 5 forest classes represented in PTR namely
Very dense forest, Moderate dense forest, Open forest and Scrubs. The table of area statement
of forest/ non- forest classes in PTR is given as below: (Map- 11)
S No. Classes Area (in Km2)

1. Very Dense Forest 176.70
2. Moderate Dense Forest 155.74
3. Open Forest 66.36
4. Scrub 1.76
5. Non- Forest 9.90
6. Water bodies 3.62
Total 414.08
Table- 8: Forest/ non- forest classes in Core Area
Graph- 5: Pie chart of forest cover of Core Area, PTR
27
Map- 11: Forest Cover Map of Core area or CTH of Palamau Tiger Reserve
2.4.3 Trophic Niches
The core of PTR has high level Sal to open grassland and also riverine beds formed by North
Koel and Burha River. The spurs and valleys have different type of forests and have different
distribution in wildlife. The riverine beds and their nearby areas cater good grassland and
water bodies. The grasslands cover 485 ha of area, which is utilized by wildlife. There are 84
observed natural saltlicks and 40 water bodies in the core area which are frequented by wildlife.
Thus the various trophic niches are well represented in core of PTR.List of flora (including
seed bearing plants, climbers, parasites, orchids,grasses, bamboo and agave) were prepared in
various surveys conducted by PTR and other agencies. (Annexure- IV)
28
Map- 12: Major grasslands
Photo- 3: Major grasslands
29
2.5 Major conspicuous changes in the habitat since inception
Period 1974 to 1985
PTR came under Project Tiger Scheme in 1974.The present day core was important bamboo
and timber extraction area of Forest Department.The area was closed for grazing, timber and
any type of NTFP collection. The extensive fire management, soil and moisture conservation
measures were adopted.
The wildlife management practices in the core area were also initiated simultaneously. The grass
lands were created by removing the climbers. The waterhole management, artificial salt soil
blocks, provisions and very strict anti- poaching mechanism with the help of local communities
resulted in overall improvement in habitat and wildlife. The positive changes were-
i. Increase in the tree density.

ii. Increase in the grasses, herbs and shrubs.
iii. More regeneration of tree species.
iv. Increase in water table in the area.
v. The overall improvement in habitat, prey species and predators.
Period 1986 to 1995
The Naxalite insurgency started in the area followed by combing operation by local and central
police forces. The increased presence of both hampered the movement of protection staff. The
staffs were beaten up, vehicles and rest houses were burnt. The field staffs were forced to live in
range headquarters. The extraction of Acacia catechu (Khair), an important food of most of the
herbivores, started under the protection of Naxalite. The grazing and NTFP collection by locals
also started in low key. The area faced massive drought. The impacts were:
i. The deterioration in habitat condition started.

ii. Grasslands being utilized by cattle also, weeds started to appear in grasslands
iii. The severe drought resulted in drying up of saplings, shrubs and herbs.
iv. The water table decreased and artificial water holes and water in troughs were
provided particularly in northern area.
v. Frequent fire in the forest further deteriorated the habitat.
Period 1996 to 2015
The Naxalite activities continued to be followed by stationing of CRPF camps at different

locations in PTR. The combing operation, firing from both the sides did occur. The gradual
retirement of field staff and vacancy to the tune of 95% is also a major factor. The habitat
augmentation, cleaning of grasslands, water provision with soil and moisture conservation
schemes has been initiated now. The local communities involve in the conservation also.
30
Overall Changes in habitat
• Invasion of weeds- The over grazing, frequent fires in fringes and other anthropogenic
factors have caused the invasion of invasive species like Lantana, Parthenium, Cassia
tora etc. in the open fringes of core area.
• Decline in grassland area- Some of the grasslands in core area are being converted
to secondary succession stage because of several factors including staff shortage,
funding and absence of monitoring. These grasslands are having Lantana and saplings
of other trees, climbers and herbs. The regular burning in summer and late winter has
not been done for many years.
• Illicit felling and theft of timbers and fire-wood- The illicit extraction of fire
wood and timber particularly in Betla and Saidup forests have reduced the habitat
into more open area. There is theft of teak in Betla to cater the need of furniture in
townships; the timber and fire-wood are also illegally transported by railways from
this area. The pressure for village consumptions of firewood is also increasing. This
is causing more open areas in the forest as well as decrease of mature tree species in
these forests.
• Invasion of teak- Betla, Saidup and Baresanr blocks have old plantations of teak
which is now spreading in the open areas, grassland etc. This is causing the reduction
of natural regeneration of local plant species friendly to wildlife.
• Erosion in bamboo areas- Bamboo is the staple food for all herbivores particularly
elephants, gaur etc. The bamboo area and clumps are being dried-up and have
become clumsy and are difficult to be eaten by wildlife. Similarly the condition of
the bamboo has became very poor and have stunted growth. These bamboo areas
have to be recouped for better habitat.
• Habitat loss by eight forest villages- The population of human and cattle have
increased to 10 times in the eight forest villages, which has resulted into spreading
of these villages further into core by converting forest in agriculture land and houses.
The forest adjoining to these villages are gradually becoming open due to over
grazing, firewood collection and timber collection for agriculture and household and
housing activities.
31
CHAPTER- 3
STATUS OF TIGER AND CO-

PREDATORS
Distribution of tigers and its prey species depends upon the quality of habitat which includes
forest cover, grasslands, water bodies and other factors necessary for survival of prey species.
The protection of habitat and its wildlife is the integral part of management practices of any
wildlife area.The area of present Palamau Tiger Reserve was always rich in tigers, co- predators
and prey species. The richness of habitat and its wildlife was the criteria for selection of PTR
area to be declared as one of the 9 Project Tiger Schemes in the country in the initial stage.
During these 41 years of existence of tiger reserve, it has seen several ups and down. The area
got converted from peaceful to naxal prone, not very dry to extreme dry, increased 191 village
population to ten times, increased the cattle population from 30,000 (approx.) in 1974 to 1,50,000
(approx.) now. The various anthropogenic factors including developmental schemes, aspiration
of the villagers have also impacted this area. Similarly road network and road transport, railway
frequencies and other communications have also increased several folds in the areas. All these
factors have impacted the status of tigers, co- predators and prey species in PTR. The present
status of tigers and co- predators has been given in this chapter. The base year for consideration
is 2009.
3.1 Distribution
Tiger (Panthera tigris; Local names: Bagh, Baghwa, Badka Bagh)
The distribution of tiger is spread over the entire Core Area but only some accessible areas
(nearly 40%) have been covered due to naxal activities and shortage of staff. As per the All
India Tiger Estimate, 2010, PTR had mean population of 10 adult tigers with the range of 6 to
13 tigers in 40% of the PTR area, covered during monitoring exercise.
Scat Samples Confirmed Confirmed Confirmed

Agencies Years
examined total tigers male female
CCMB, Hyderabad 2009 41 6 4 2
WII, Dehradun 2010 111 7 5 2
WII, Dehradun 2011 51 5 2 3
Aaranyak, Guwahati July, 2011 38 6 1 5
Table- 9: Scat analysis results
The scats collected from this 40% of the area were sent to CCMB, Hyderabad, WII, Dehradun
and Aaranyak, Guwahati from 2009 to 2011 provide fluctuating figures from the samples
32
examined. The mean analysis from these results provides a range of 5 males and 5 females in
this 40% area. (Annexure–V)
Graph- 6: Scat analysis of tiger scats by different agencies
The monitoring through indirect evidences like pugmarks, scratches, urinations and kills
indicate the presence of tigers in different parts of the reserve. The following table explains the
record of movement in last 4 years:
Year/ Months 2011 2012 2013 2014
January 25 19 12 0
February 19 17 31 6
March 26 10 31 4
April 29 7 25 1
May 44 8 25 1
June 11 9 23 2
July 20 6 9 2
August 23 6 15 2
September 16 5 0 0
October 15 5 8 5
November 25 9 6 22
December 16 11 1 5
Total 269 112 186 50
Table- 10: Tiger evidences in last 4 years
33
The both direct and indirect evidences in 40% surveyed area give presence of tigers in Baresanr,
Saidup, Ramandag, Betla, Kumandih, Mandal, Mundu and Amwatikar forest blocks.
Map- 13: Tiger evidences
34
Photo-4: Camera Trapped records of tigers from 2011 to 2015 in different ranges
35
Leopard (Panthera pardus; Local name: Tendua, Chhutka Bagh)
The leopard is found distributed across the entire area. Its numbers are believed to be significantly
large and lack of prey base is believed to be compensated by free grazing livestock. This often
leads to conflict with local people who lose goats, cattle, etc. to them. Timely compensation has
encouraged tolerance. Absence of adequately trained personnel in tranquillization and rescue
hinders these efforts.
Photo- 5: Leopard
Dhole or Wild Dog (Cuon alpinus; Local name: Koiyya)
Wild dogs were once abundant in the reserve but the number is declining gradually. The
information of their presence is received from some forest areas like Baresanr and Ramandag
forests. The cause of decline has not been studied scientifically.
Grey Wolf (Canis lupus pallipes; Local name: Bheriya, Hundar)
Wolves are less common in the northern portions of the reserve and are more numerous in the
southern portions particularly in Saidup and Baresanr Forest compartments of the core area.
They remain nearer to human habitation and prefer scrubby areas with rocky hills and outcrops.
Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena; Local name: Lakkarbaggha)
Hyenas are widespread across the reserve and prefer hilly and rocky areas as well as the
vicinity of human habitation.
Sloth bears (Melursus ursinus; Local name- Bhalu)
Sloth bear’s population is distributed in southern part of core area particularly in Baresanr and
Ramandag blocks. They prefer hilly tracks and are widely distributed in Pandra valley, Huluk
hills and Henar areas.
36
3.2 Abundance Status
The population dynamics of the mammals in the reserve is given in table below (based on the
census report of 2010):
Sl. No. Species Scientific Name Estimated Number
1 Tiger Panthera tigris 6 -13
2 Leopard Panthera pardus 55
4 Sloth Bear Melursus ursinus 48
5 Hyena Hyaena hyaena 55
6 Wolf Canis lupus 85
Table- 11: Estimated number of predators in PTR
Graph- 7: Estimated number of predators in PTR
3.3 Prey-Predator Relationships

Although little scientific work has been carried out on the relationship of predator and prey in
the Palamau Tiger Reserve. Srivastava (1985) calculated the kills of predators and found that
cattle constituted - 56% of the prey- base followed by sambar- 11%, chital- 10.5%, wild boar-
9%, langur and monkeys- 7%, gaur- 4%, elephant- 2% and others- 0.5%.
37
Graph- 8: Prey preference by predators in PTR (Srivastava, 1985)
Analysis of kills, scats and camera-trapped photographs reveal that tigers and leopards in the
reserve are heavily dependent on domestic livestock for their food. The killing of the cattle by
tigers and leopards in reserve from 2009 to 2013 has been summarized in the table given below:
Killed by tiger Killed by leopard

Years
Core Area Buffer Area Core Area Buffer Area
2009 - 16 4 25
2010 - 20 6 51
2011 5 17 8 88
2012 5 5 7 85
2013 6 25 7 59
Table- 12: Cattle killed by tiger and leopard
Graph- 9: Cattle killed by tiger and leopard

38
The estimated numbers of prey in the reserve is given as below:
Wild Boar
Elephant
Monkey
Peafowl
Barking
Sambar
Langur
Nilgai
Chital
Years
Gaur
Hare
Deer
2009 10626 653 101 9266 171 2660 1742 1663 34485 27839 49
2010 8424 429 106 10289 219 2799 1556 1589 36655 28155 39
2011 4693 244 147 11378 312 2831 1254 1624 41461 28453 40
2012 6237 436 120 8620 238 2891 686 1531 36689 28228 25
2013 7966 251 65 8771 217 1954 1214 1749 25799 22678 29
Table- 13: Estimated number of prey in PTR
Graph- 10: Estimated number of prey in PTR

39
The analysis of the food consumed by tigers and leopards shows their preference towards cattle.
The other prey- base are also consumed in less number and this is the indication that preferred
wild prey- base are less in the area, so these predators dare to come nearer the villages and prey
upon cattle in day time. This is bad indication for the management of the predators and indicates
very less prey base.
3.4 Assessment of Threats
3.4.1. Man- Animal Conflict
Man animal conflict arises mainly due to cattle lifting by tigers and leopards, crop raiding by
elephants, injuries caused by sloth bear and straying of wild animals such as chital, wild boar
and nilgai in the fringe villages.
The cattle and goat lifting by predators like tiger, leopard, wolf and hyena is common. The
compensation is being paid as remedial measure.
Compensation
Adult Rs. 2,50,000
Sub- Adult Rs. 1,50,000
1 Human Death Severe Injury Rs. 50,000
Normal Injury Rs. 10,000
Permanent Disability due to wildlife- Adult Rs. 1,50,000
House Pucca House- Fully Damage Rs. 75,000
Damage- RCC Rs. 50,000
2
Complete Kachchha House Rs. 30,000
Damage
House RCC Rs. 15,000
Damage- Non- RCC Rs. 10,000
3
Heavy Kachcha Rs. 7,500
Damage
Stored Grains Rs. 1,000 per Quintal
(Max. of 5,000 Rs.)
4 Grains
Crop Damage Rs. 1,000 per ha (Max.
of Rs. 25,000
Ox, Cow, Buffalo Rs. 10,000
5 Cattle Kills Calf Rs. 3,000
Goat Rs. 2,000
Table- 14: Compensation rates fixed by the Govt. of Jharkhand, 2014

The compensation paid on crop damages to the extent of average Rs. 2 lac. The human injuries,
death, cattle kills have been provided in the following table in the last few years in core area:
40
S. No. Compensation paid for 2002 to 2014
1 Area of Crop damage by elephant and other wildlife 110 Ha
2 Human Death/ Permanent Disability by wildlife 16 Nos.
3 Human death by wildlife 10 Nos.
4 Cattle and goat killed by wildlife 411 Nos.
5 Death of wildlife during conflict 44 Nos.
Table- 15: Compensation paid in Core Area
Photo- 6: Cattle kill

The major prey base of predators consists of chital, sambar, barking deer, wild boar etc. are
fast deteriorating in numbers. There is urgent need to increase the prey base to reduce the
dependency of predators on cattle.
3.4.3 Wildlife health, diseases
The cattle borne disease like Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Anthrax etc. are the main
pathological diseases reported in the reserve. Some gaurs were reported to be affected by these
diseases.The domestic dogs are prevalent in the villages use waterholes of wild animals; this
may be a reason for near extinction of wild dogs in the reserve as these wild dogs are not
reported since 2011 onwards. Some other diseases like breaking of foot- pad and pox like
symptoms in elephants in 2014 were also reported.
The frequency of trains has increased on Barwadih- Barkakana Section because of heavy
transportation of coal and other minerals on this section. Earlier the railway line was single but
is last 5 years; it has become double and electrified.Approximately 90 trains (passenger and
goods) cross on this track in 24 hours. The number will increase further when North Karnapura
Coal block becomes operational in 2 to 3 years.This railway movement has effect on elephants
and their movement, the accident also occur on these tracks. Apart from railway the number of
vehicles has increased more than ten times on state highway. The death of 2 hyenas and three
41
chital were reported in the last five years on road. The previous causalities of elephants, gaur,
chital, and leopard were also reported due to road and railway accident. So railway and road
transports are major threats in the reserve.
There is no transmission line cross the core area so no accidents have been reported. However,
buffer area receives continuous threats from low height electric poles and wires. There is report
of 3 elephant death coming in contact with these wires in last five years.
3.4.6 Illegal Activities
Illicit felling of trees, illegal collection of fire wood and NTFP, poaching of wild animal, illegal
grazing etc. are the prevalent illegal activities noticed in the core of Palamau Tiger Reserve.
Photos- 7: Illegal activities

3.4.6.1 Hunting and Poaching
Poaching is a serious problem in core and buffer areas. Chital, barking deer and gaur are
reported to be victims during festivals like Holi, Dussehera and Christmas. The number of
tusker elephants is very less in the elephant population, poaching for tusk is a rare occurrence.
Revenge killing of tigers and leopards are also reported through poisoning. Common practice
of poaching is by laying of snares near water sources. Snares have also resulted in mortality of
sub adult tigers & gaurs.
The poaching records in last five years 2009- 14 say the number of wildlife poached are 1
leopard, 3 elephant, 1 gaur and 3 spotted deer.
Illegal felling of trees particularly teak in Betla, Barwadih and Saidup Compartment- 1 & 2
region are of great concern. An average of 25 trees per year are being felled form these areas.
Transportation of illegal materials through trains on this section is common. The fire-wood
collection for trade is also common in this section. The management regularly raids these trains
to minimize illegalities. The small township of Garu surrounded by forest also consumes timber
42
and firewood from surrounding forest. The seizure of trucks and buses with timber is common.
The core area is supposed to be sanctum sanctorum against grazing and illegal collection of
NTFP. Approximately 2520 cattle of eight forest villages graze in the core area. It is estimated
that nearly 10,000 cattle from nearly 15 villages surrounding core also enter in core. The
presence of some cattle camps in Baresanr block is also of concern, because these camps are
frequently removed from the area and they come again.
3.4.6.4 NTFP and medicinal plant collection:
The illegal collection of NTFP particularly honey, mahua flowers, karanj seeds, chiraugi,
mahulan leave, kendu leaves etc. by surrounding villages is being done from core area. Similarly
collection of medicinal plants like roots of satavari, musli, aswagandha and sarpgandha is
common practice. The collection of fruits like wild bel, karjhani, indra jaw, bantulsi, Acorus
etc. is also reported. These illicit activities are on the basis of market requirement of plants and
the local tribal are being engages by local traders.
Photos- 8: NTFP and firewood collection

3.4.7 Forest fire
Fire is the most damaging factor in any wildlife area. The core of Palamau Tiger Reserve
is also prone to fire from 15th March to 15th June mostly because of dry condition prevalent
during summer period as temperature is too high. The grasslands dry up and long dry grasses in
bamboo areas also become fire- prone. The fire occurrences are monitored regularly and efforts
are made for fire protection. The following statement shows the frequency of fire in the core
zone of PTR. (Map - 14)
43
Area of fire % of total
Year
occurrence(in Ha) burnt area
2009 50.26 12.14
2010 76.91 18.58
2011 34.19 8.26
2012 36.73 8.87
2013 115.33 27.86
2014 79.50 19.2
Table- 16: Fire occurrence in core area
Graph- 11: Fire occurrence

Probable causes of fire in core area
i. Graziers burn the fringe area of core for grass availability for their cattle.
ii. Illicit mahua flower collectors burn the forest around the trees to increase visibilities
of flowers and better collection.
iii. Honey collectors also use fire to ward off honeybees from the comb and through the
lighted stick which start fire.
iv. Revenge fire: persons who are antagonized with the project management also start
fire to harass the staffs.
The impact of fire is severe to habitat and wildlife. It causes destruction of sapling of important
trees herbs shrubs and climbers. It also promotes invasion of fire hardy weeds. The fire destroys
the eggs hatchlings and babies of reptiles, birds and mammals. The movement of wildlife from
fire affected area to another area occurs which causes too much disturbance to them.
44
Map- 14: Forest fire occurrence in Core Area of Palamau Tiger Reserve during 2004 to 2014
illustrated over ASTER DEM (Forest fire data source from- FSI, Dehradun)
The entire area of PTR is drought prone and the area receives average rainfall of 450 mm only.
The southern part of core receives more rain because of more forested area. The extreme north
areas have water scarcity during summer. Nearly 90% of the waterholes and 80% of reservoirs
dry up in the month of April, May and June. The problem becomes grave during this period
as wildlife remains restricted to less number of water sources and become prone to poaching.
It was also observed that chital try to go to nearby villages in search of water and green grass
during this period in night time. Such cases are found around Saidup compartments.
45
3.4.9 Forest villages
There are eight forest villages in the core area namely Latu, Kujrum, Ramandag, Bijaypur,
Gopkhanr, Ghutuwa, Pandra and Henar. These villages depend upon forest for firewood,
agriculture and housing timber and grazing for their cattle. Kujrum village has 49 household
who received land deed under FRA, but seven other villages are yet to submit the applications
for land allotment.
The 199 villages inside and on fringes heavily depend upon livelihood, grazing, firewood,
housing, agriculture implement etc. As per estimate each household consumes nearly 1,200 kg
of firewood, 200- 300 kg timber for agriculture and housing and average 6 cattle for grazing in
the forest per year. So, each household requires nearly 1,500 kg of wood from forest every year.
The magnitude of utilization of more than the regeneration capacity of the forest in this area
which is causing creation of blanks and degradation in forest (Srivastava (2010) report of status
of forest in Palamau). Apart from this the dependency for NTFP and medicinal plant collection
for livelihood is also of concern. As the population is increasing in these villages, the pressure
on forest is increasing.
3.4.11 Staffs
A. Staff Strength: - The vacancies of nearly 90% at forest guard level for the several
years are major threat for management.The protection, developmental and monitoring
activities are getting hampered. At present, 2014- 15 presences of only 11 Forest
Guards on the sectioned strength of 175 tells the tale.
B. Untrained staffs: - Only one officer is trained in wildlife among the entire staff
of Palamau Tiger Reserve. The staff is yet to learn the modern technique of field
management, monitoring and evaluation.
C. Staff welfare: - Welfare support for field staffs is meager which result in hampering
of movement, accommodation and transport. The healths, education, facilities for
staff posted in remote area are not available.
3.4.12 Lack of cooperation from local communities
The villages around core want to use the forest area for everything whereas management tries
to prevent their activities as core is sanctum sanctorum. The conflict and antagonism with local
communities increases. The involvement of local communities is important for protection and
management of habitat.
3.4.13 Multi-purpose Kutku dam
This dam was started in 1970- 71 and is yet to be completed. The 13 villages under submergence
have been paid compensation but they never vacated the land. This reservoir will submerge
nearly 119 km2 (115.40 km2 in the buffer and 3.60 km2 in core) of reserve which will be a major
threat to wildlife and habitat.
46
This is the major cause of concern. The Core Area is badly affected by extremist activities.
Besides this the road robberies, loots, etc are other law and order problems.
The erstwhile Palamau district which has now been divided into Garhwa, Palamau & Latehar
Districts has been affected with naxal activities since 1967. At initial stages it was sporadic but
later on it engulfed whole area.
Palamau Tiger Reserve is facing effect of major naxalism since 1985, at present due to naxal
activities, the Police stations in Reserve area Barwadih, Garu, Mahuadanr, Netarhat of Latehar
district and Bhandaria Police stations of Garhwa District remain disturbed. The adjoining Police
stations like Manika, Chainpur, Latehar, Banari etc. are also badly affected with extreme naxal
activities. Due to growing extremism following threats are important:
The naxal activities directly or indirectly influence illicit felling, illegal quarrying, illegal
removal of forest produce and illegal cattle camps which are the source of income for naxalite
as levy. These naxalites in turn provide protection & give shelter to the forest offenders.
The poor law and order situation under which staff and officers of the reserve live and work,
most often adversely affect the development work, inspections and monitoring in these areas.
Major extremist attacks on forest property & staff were reported in:
• May, 90- Firing on Betla range office & first forced entry of armed group in Betla
NP
• July, 90 – Forest guard killed at Heswa
• Aug, 92 – 3 Forest guards killed near Betla
• July, 95 – Dacoity of tusks from NIC,Betla
• Feb, 98 – 2 staff in gypsy blown & killed in land mine blast
• May, 99 – RFO abducted , robbed
• May, 01 – FRH & Quarters at Rud burnt
• Feb, 02 – DFO fired at & assaulted, Range Office Mahuadanr damaged.
• Aug, 03 – Tracker killed.
• Aug, 03 – DFO mobbed, assaulted during raid –had to fire in defense.
• Sept, 04 – Forester & driver killed in land mine blast.
• Feb, 06 – FRH Mundu burnt.
• July, 07 – F.R.H. Kusmi burnt, Maromar F.R.H. damaged Wireless station & set also
damaged.
• Aug, 07- F.R.H. Kujrum burnt, Wireless station & set damaged.
The forest staff retreated from these places and are residing at Range headquarters. The Forest
Guards posted at remote and naxal areas, retreated from their HQs & due to risk to life, most
47
often they avoid field visits to their respective areas.At present the forest personnel are residing
collectively in either Range or Beat HQs like Betla, Chhipadohar, Barwadih, Mandal, Garu &
Baresanr.
The onslaught of extremism on forest is noteworthy. The extremists used the forest produce for
their source of income in the form of levy imposed on illegal Katha making, illegal stone cutting/
quarrying, illegal Kendu leaf collection, Illegal felling of commercially important species. They
directly or indirectly support illegal activities as it forms a part of their income derived as levy.
Photo- 9: Destroyed buildings in core area.

PTR was created in 1974 and has vast scope of research on habitat, wildlife impacts, monitoring
and evaluation. Not much has been covered under this. Some researches and monitoring reports
were carried out by Dr. D. S. Srivastava on elephant ecology, gaur ecology habitat changes
and monitoring on tigers and management. Some papers are available on crop damage by J.
Mishra (1970), Release of tiger cub by J. P. Sinha (1978), Fire watch towers and track census
methodology by R. C. Sahay (1978), Distribution of tiger cub in Betla by Sangam Lahiri (1990),
project reports of sixteen researches carried out under Dr. D. S. Srivastava from 1985 to 2012
and Diversity and abundance of odonata by S. K. Sajan et al (2014) etc.
48
CHAPTER – 4
HISTORY OF PAST MANAGEMENT

AND PRESENT PRACTICES
4.1. Conservation History
The first Management Plan for the reserve was prepared by Shri B. N. Sinha, IFS, for a period
of five years from 1974- 75 to 1978- 79. Its main focus was on the development of waterholes,
controlling poaching, restricting livestock grazing, fire prevention and provision of infrastructure
such as buildings for the staff. Most of these prescriptions were implemented.
The second Management Plan was prepared by Shri R. C. Sahay, the then Field Director,
Palamau Tiger Reserve, and was envisaged for a period of ten years from 1987- 88 to 1996-97.
The plan’s objective was to ensure the sustenance and conservation of optimum populations
of tiger and other wildlife and flora for scientific, economic, aesthetic, cultural and ecological
values.
The plan had prescribed intensive anti-poaching, fire protection, weed eradication, construction
of adequate staff quarters and infrastructure for tourists, development of water bodies for
wildlife as well as the relocation of eight villages from the core area. A very important target of
the plan, the relocation of villages could not be executed as it was not approved.
There were all round positive implications on the reserve as a result of the implementation of
the second plan. The core area became self sufficient with regards to availability of water. The
core area became completely free of livestock grazing and forest fires. In areas from which
weeds were eradicated, Sal and Khair regenerated and got re-established. Emphasis was also
laid on the vaccination of cattle to prevent epidemic outbreaks amongst wild ungulates.
Shri Dinesh Kumar, IFS prepared the third Management Plan for the reserve for a period of ten
years from 2001-02 to 2010-11. Its objective was to ensure optimum population of fauna and
flora with particular focus on tigers. The plan’s prescriptions envisaged intensive anti-poaching
efforts, fire protection, eradication of weeds, staff and tourist infrastructure, development of
water sources, etc. India Eco- development Plan (2000- 01 to 2004- 05) was satisfactorily
implemented during this period to achieve the objectives of the plan.
49
4.2. Habitat Management
Prescription of zonation in second and third management Plans
Second Management Plan Third Management Plan

Zonation Area Zonation Area
1. Core Zone or Wilderness 213 km2 1. Core Zone or Wilderness 213 km2
Zone Zone
2. Buffer Zone or Multiple- 813 km2 2. Habitat Management Zone 808.06
use Zone km2
3. Tourism Zone 53.78 km2 3. Buffer Zone or Multiple Use 145.39
Zone km2
4. Tourism zone (Overlapping 53.78 km2
Zone)
In the Second Management Plan, the following zones were prescribed for specific management
practices:
1. Core Zone or Wilderness Zone : 213 km2

2. Buffer Zone or Multiple-use Zone : 813 km2
3. Tourism Zone : 53.78 km2
In the Third Management Plan, the following zones were prescribed:

1. Core Zone or Wilderness Zone : 213 km2
2. Habitat Management Zone : 808.06 km2
3. Buffer Zone or Multiple Use Zone : 145.39 km2
4. Tourism zone (Overlapping Zone) : 53.78 km2
The present plan proposes the following zonation for management;

1. Core Zone - 414.08 km2
2. Buffer Zone - 715.85 km2 (including tourism zone 37.71 km2)
As per the Govt. of Bihar Notification vide No.- SO 964, dated 7thAug, 1989 an area of 226.27
km2 was declared as Betla National Park, consisting of core zone along with Saidup Comp.- 1,
2 and Betla Comp.- 2.
Core Zone
The core zone was strictly protected from fire, theft of forest produce, poaching of wild animals
and livestock grazing. Human entry was prohibited but presence of forest villages was an issue.
Forestry operations were also prohibited. Total area of this zone is now 414.08 km2. All the
areas falling within the Betla National Park and Palamau WLS are included in this zone. The
objectives of management for this zone are to preserve it by giving protection against all forms
of biotic interference.The area is to be left undisturbed and maintained as a sanctum sanctorum.
Limited use of the area is allowed for scientific and research purposes.
50
4.2.1 Strategies:
4.2.1.1 Habitat Improvement:
Habitat improvement works in this zone were based on following consideration

• Protecting, preserving and improving the biodiversity and interspersion of habitat.
• Protecting the habitat against factors causing degradation.
• Providing conditions suitable for target species.
• Raising local, palatable and suitable grasses in the degraded and blank areas.
4.2.1.2 Plantation on degraded areas:
Plantation has been done in all the zones except core zone. The degraded and blanks
especially in buffer zone has been taken up for the purpose.
• Maintenance of natural grasslands and meadows for better growth of grasses-
There are 40 numbers of grassland covering 485 ha of forest. These grasslands are not
being maintained properly. Winter and summer burning are not being carried out as a rule
in all the grasslands, so nearly 50% of them are invaded with weeds like lantana, teak,
bantulsi, sida etc. in the last 5 years. Some new grasslands have been added in the list.
These are nearly 10 ha. These grasslands also require regular maintenance and removal
of weeds (Annexure-VI).
• Natural Saltlicks
The core has nearly 83 numbers of natural saltlicks at various places. These are being
utilized by wildlife regularly. The maximum numbers of such are found in Baresanr (45
nos.), Ramandag (14 nos.) and Saidup (24 nos.) blocks. It is observed that the waterholes
under these saltlicks are utilized more by wildlife (Annexure- VII).
• Maintenance of artificial & natural waterholes
The core area has nearly 205 existing waterholes. Some of them dried up during summer
and desalting, digging and cleaning are being carried out during the peak summer months
of April, May and June. The application of lime and bleaching powder are carried out
around the waterhole for prevention of diseases (Annexure- II).
• Water bodies
Some perennial sources of water are required to contain elephant population and major
wildlife. There are 46 numbers of large and small water bodies created in core. Some of
these check dams also dry up during summer but nearly 50% survive to provide water to
wildlife.
51
• Habitat restoration
The core area has some soil erosion in Saidup compartment 6 and 7 and in most of the
core area nearer to the villages. Approximately 1,100 Ha of area was undertaken for
bamboo and other wildlife friendly plantation in Saidup Comp.- 1, 2, 6 & 7, Ramandag
Comp.- 1, 2, 3, 5 and Baresanr Comp.- 2 and 7 in 2011- 12. The gulley plugging, contour
trenching and construction of water percolation tanks were undertaken also to enrich the
core area for water conservation.
• Forest Fire Management
Fire control is most important factor in habitat management. The PTR has the long
history of fire management through fire watch tower, constructed on hills and incidents of
fire were communicated through colored papers covered on torches. This was extensive
management when the communication was poor. At present, the following measures are
implemented to control fire in core area:
(i) Fire Tracing
10 meter wide Fire tracing along the existing main roads and forests roads are done
for prevention of forest fire from passing vehicles.
(ii) Fire lines
Maintenance of fire lines is carried out every year by cutting & control burning of
grasses every year. The existing patrolling paths are also cleaned before fire season.
The help from villagers/ EDC members are taken for all fire control measures. The
general awareness on impact of fire is also created through EDC and on bazaar days.
There are 52 no. of fire lines covering the length of 285 km in core which are
maintained for fire control (Annexure-VIII).
Photo- 10: Fire Tracing
52
(iii) Fire watch-tower/ Tree-Machan for fire detection:
Apart from old watch towers (9 Nos.) RCC fire watch towers are constructed at
Mundu, Kujrum, Baresanr and Huluk.
9 old fire watch towers at Barwahi, Usul, Latu, Kujrum, Baresanr, Huluk, Thongach-
uan, Jaigir and Datram are used for fire detection.
Photo- 11: Watch towers

(iv) Constitution of Firefighting Squad and fire patrol camps:
The engagement of EDCs in firefighting and control is vital. 10 to 12 persons drawn
from EDCs are engaged as firefighting squad from 15th March to 15th June at 25
locations in the area. The firefighting is carried out through the help of these squads
and more members from EDCs as and when required.
(v) Monitoring of fire incidences
Monitoring and recording of fire incidences is done regularly and records are
maintained month wise from March to June every year during fire season.
The active protection including firefighting and at the same time monitoring of the
same is done. The strategy adopted for firefighting is :
(a) Detection
The fire watchers detect forest fire and communicate to firefighting squad stationed
at range and beat level. The message is also communicated to the circle head quarter
at the Field Director level.
The above information is also supported by the GIS cell working in Ranchi and the
Forest Survey of India for early detection of forest fire.
53
(b) Action
After detection of the forest fire, resources are mobilized from range office/bead
office level to the forest fire occurrence site. The local villagers & EDC members are
also called on to help out in fire extinguishing. Firefighting kits including necessary
medicine, water bottle, edible materials like Satu, Gur etc. are given to the firefighting
members for uninterrupted firefighting measures.
The nature of the forest fire is not very large. The extent of forest fire at particular spot is not also
very large, because early detection culminates in firefighting and facilitates early extinguishing.
Sometimes in remotest areas, large reinforcement is provided to extinguish forest fire. Wireless,
SMS alerts from Forest Survey of India and GIS Cell of Jharkhand are very helpful in detection,
control and monitoring of forest fires. At larger level, water tanker and fire tenders are also
pressed into service.
Extra vehicles and persons are being deployed in fire season at Betla, Garu, Baresanr Range
head quarters for mobilization of more resources & firefighting squad at short notice in crisis.
4.3 Protection & Intelligence Gathering

4.3.1 Establishment of Patrolling camps, Patrolling & intelligence networking
The PTR conducts extensive patrolling on foot and vehicles to check the activities of poachers.
The special patrolling is carried out during Holi, Dashehra and Christmas and other local
festivals. The following measures are adopted:
4.3.1.1. Establishment of patrolling camps
Special patrolling camps have been organized at Betla, Chhipadohar, Barwadih, Garu and
Baresanr to cover entire core area from different places. These camps have 10- 15 persons
who conduct patrolling in the respective areas. The entire core area is covered through on foot
patrolling with the help of 125 trackers, 20 nos. of home guards and 40 tiger protection force
members. These staff move in different area allotted to them and inform the beat and range
office on any illicit activity. They also monitor the kills, movement of elephants, presence of
wildlife, waterhole and other related activities.
4.3.1.2. Enforcement and Raids
Raids on the information are carried out regularly on trains, bazaars to curb poaching and illicit
felling of trees. These raids are very much effective and in 5 years 2 leopard skins, 7 weapons
and about 20 m3 timbers have been recovered. The patrolling on vehicle during night is carried
out in all the ranges to curb illicit activities.
4.3.1.3. Intelligence Gathering

The members of EDCs are involved in intelligence gathering for core area. The range officer and
beat officer have separate informer groups for the purpose. The name and address of informers
54
are kept very secret. These informer groups are responsible for curbing the poaching of wildlife,
felling of trees, capturing of poachers and persons involving in different illegal activities.
4.3.1.4. Identification of sensitive areas
The major sensitive areas have been identified where illicit felling and poaching has most
probability. The extensive patrolling is carried out in these sensitive areas.
4.3.1.5. Various patrolling
The prevention in better than cure and this principle is followed in the form of extensive
patrolling. The special patrolling is carried out during festivals, monsoon patrolling is carried
out during rainy season, normal patrolling is carried out through trackers and frequent raids are
carried out in villages, bazaar/ hats, trains, railway stations and forest nakas.
4.3.1.6. Capacity Building of Staffs
A trained knowledgeable and well versed staff is very much helpful in management. Capacity
building of staffs on the topics of wildlife crime, wildlife offences, wildlife health, track census
methodology, tiger monitoring methodology, field survey through transect lines, use of GPS in
reporting and monitoring of prey species are being conducted in the last five years.
The staff is also being sent to other tiger reserves to study the management of that area. This
becomes very much useful to implement the good practices of the other area in Palamau. A
team of field staff has visited Kanha Tiger Reserve along with community members to study
the relocation of villages. A visit to North Bengal to study the community participation in Eco-
tourism is planned.
4.3.1.7. Awareness & Development
The celebration of wildlife week, Earth Day, Biodiversity Day are conducted in big way in
which local community, schools, NGOs and political dignitaries are associated. The awareness
is also created through printing of brochures, handbills, pamphlets on conservation of elephant,
tigers, snakes and other wildlife. The awareness on impact of fires on the forests and ecology
is also created by involving different schools and EDC members.
55
Photo- 12: Wildlife related celebration and awareness programmes
4.3.2 Strengthening the communication and infrastructure
The existing roads, buildings, fire lines, patrolling paths and vehicles are has to be maintained
for proper communication and control of illicit activities. The following measures have been
taken:
4.3.2.1 Barriers
There are 12 check nakas located at Kechki, Betla, Barwadih, Chhipadohar (2 nos.), Labhar,
Garu (2 nos.), Maromar, Baresanr, Bijaypur and Aksi to check the vehicles for illicit activities.
These nakas are manned by the supporting staff round the clock.
There are 22 chain gates in core area to check the unauthorized entry of vehicles.
S. No Name of Range Place Road on which it is located.

1. Garu East Garu Garu - Kumandih Road
2. Garu East Gaitha Gaitha - Achar Road
3. Garu West Gaitha Gaitha - Ramandag - Harhe Road.
4. Garu West Harhe Gaitha - Ramandag - Harhe Road
5. Garu West Purnapani Purnapani - Chattanpani Road
6. Garu West Labhar Labhar - Purnapani Road
7. Garu West Bairdepo Bairdipo - Teno Road
8. Garu West Kohbarwa (Left) Harre - Kohbarwa Road
9. Garu West Kohbarwa (Right) Harre - Kohbarwa Road
10. Garu West Garanj Garanj - Koel Road
11. Garu West Maromar Maromar - Henar Road
12. Garu West Serendag Lat - Serendag Road
13. Baresanr Kachhmi Domahai Baresanr - Lat Road
14. Baresanr Nawatoli Buthat - Nawatoli Road
15. Baresanr Nawatoli Latu - Sanya Road
16. Baresanr Sohadag Baresanr - Kujrum Road
56
17. Chhipadohar West Harnamanr Chhipadohar - Harnamanr Road
18. Chhipadohar West Putka Pathal Putkapathal Road
19. Chhipadohar West Morwai Morwai - Saidup Road
20. Chhipadohar East Barwahi Barwahi Road
21. Chhipadohar East Kerh Kerh - Saidup Road
22. Chhipadohar West Harnamanr Harnamanr - Saidup Road.
Table- 17: Chain gates in core area of PTR
4.3.2.2 Buildings
Being an old establishment, the PTR is rich in building infrastructure.But due to left wing
extremism most of the frontline staff has retreated from their interior accommodations.Majority
of accommodations in the very interior in PTR are at present not worth living and are in bad
shape. Details of existing buildings at present in use are given as below:
Sl. No. Name of Range Name of Buildings Location

1 R.I. Hut Kujrum
2 Baresanr F.R.H. Kujrum
3 Forest Guard Quarter - 6 Nos. Kujrum
Table- 18: Buildings in core area
4.3.3 Vehicles
The vehicular supports are- 1 Car, 1 Qualis, 5 Jeeps, 11 Bolero, 4- 407 model TATA Truck,
28 Motorcycles, 1 Publicity van, 1 Medical van, 3 Water tankers and 1 Interpretation van
(Annexure–IX).
4.3.4 Maintenance of roads for patrolling

The total length of existing roads are 433 km. The important roads which are utilized frequently
for patrolling are regularly maintained. It is annual practice to keep roads in fine condition
(Annexure-X).
4.3.4.1 Culverts and Causeways-
There are several roads which are motorable during rainy season. These roads have been
provided with culverts and causeways. There are 110 such culverts and causeways at present
(Annexure-XI).
4.3.5 Wireless network for quick communication.
The communication system operated by wireless network and telephones, CUG mobiles with
limited coverage area. There are 11 field stations, 8 mobile- sets, 130 Hand-sets. Field Director,
CF’s and ROF’s vehicle have mobile sets. All Range officers and above have hand-sets available
with them. The fixed wireless stations in the all ranges and at Daltonganj HQ open 4 times in a
day on fixed schedules at 8:00AM, 01:00PM, 04:00PM and 08:00PM.
57
Type of Wireless Sets S. No. Name of Stations Units
1 2 3 4
(A) Fixed Wireless Station 1 Daltonganj 2
2 Betla 1
3 Chhipadohar 1
4 Barwadih 1
5 Garu 1
6 Maromar 1
7 Kujrum 1
8 Baresanr 1
Total:- 9
(B) Mobile Wireless Sets 1 Attached in all patrolling vehicles 17
(C) Wireless hand Sets 1 Range officers 7
2 Beat officers 18
3 Forest Guards 12
Total:- 37
(D) Closed user group mobiles 115
Table- 19: Wireless sets operative in Palamau Tiger Reserve for Networking
4.3.6 Inter- Agency Coordination
The Palamau Tiger Reserve spreads over Latehar, Lohardagga, Gumla, Palamau and Garhwa
Districts is contagious with Semarsot Sanctuary of Chhattisgarh and adjoining areas, so a
Commissioner level monitoring meeting is organized regularly under Commissioner, Palamau
to seek help and cooperation. The IG & DIG level meetings from Police Department are also
conducted. A state level steering committee under Chief Secretary is proposed to coordinate
different government agencies for better management. The local range level meetings are
regularly organized to seek local level interdepartmental cooperation.
4.4 Tourism and Interpretation
No tourism is allowed in core area.
However, there is one Nature Interpretation Centre (NIC) at Betla. This is an excellent creation,
consists of reception, displays of models, museum, library and auditorium.
4.5 Research and Monitoring
The research documentation and monitoring is the most important tool for better management
of any wildlife area. The researches by outsiders are very less because of inaccessibility of the
area and poor law and order record of Palamau. Documentation of various wildlife distribution,
habitat preference, habitat utilization and behaviour studies could be conducted through the
analysis of available records in Palamau Tiger Reserve.However the prominent researches and
studies were carried out in the area.
58
4.5.1 Research
• Dr. D.S. Srivastava, Department of Zoology, G.L.A. College, Daltonganj- PhD

Thesis on ecology of elephants in Palamau Tiger Reserve, 1986.
• Dr. D.S. Srivastava, Department of Zoology, G.L.A. College, Daltonganj- Food and
feeding behavior of elephants in Palamau Tiger Reserve, 1982.
• Dr. D.S. Srivastava, Department of Zoology, G.L.A. College, Daltonganj- impact of
tourism on elephant behavior in Betla tourist zone, 1990.
• Dr. D.S. Srivastava, Department of Zoology, G.L.A. College, Daltonganj-
Assessment of Prey density in Palamau Tiger Reserve through kills report, 1985.
• Dr. D.S. Srivastava, Nature Conservation Society, Daltonganj- Nest formation and
distribution of Giant squirrel in PTR, 1990.
• Dr. D.S. Srivastava, Department of Zoology, G.L.A. College, Daltonganj &
Secretary, Nature Conservation Society- Distribution and migratory routes of
elephant in Palamau Tiger Reserve, 1992.
• Dr. M.K. Jamuar, Ranchi University- Energy flow and primary productivity of
Betla, 1995.
• Dr. Sanjay Kumar, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar- Study on Biodiversity
of Betla National Park, 2012.
• S. K. Sajan, Jenis R. Patel, Manish Kumar Bakshi, Amrendra K. Singh, S.E.H.
Kazmi, Anil, K. Mishra and P. Anand; Wild India, Behind Junior DAV School,
Gandhi Nagar, Kanke- Diversity and abundance of Odonata in Palamau Tiger
Reserve, Jharkhand, India, Advances in Applied Science Research, 2014, 5(6):pp
126-131;ISSN: 0976-8610
4.5.2 Study Reports
4.5.2.1 Short term study under India Eco-development Project (IDA Credit – 2916 GEF
Grant- 028479) in Palamau Tiger Reserve (World Bank Project) in association with
Nature Conservation Society (NCS), Daltonganj:
i. Ecological consequences of forest fire control

ii. Ecological consequences of water harvesting structures
iii. Socio anthropological consequences of grazing
iv. Socio anthropological consequences of fire wood collection
v. Socio anthropological consequences of timber smuggling
vi. Socio anthropological consequences of Non Timber Forest Produce (NTFP)
Collections
4.5.2.2 Monitoring of Palamau Tiger Reserve from 1974 to 2005 by Dr. D. S. Srivastava,
Secretary, Nature Conservation Society, Daltonganj, 2006.
4.5.2.3 Habitat suitability analysis of elephant in Palamau Tiger Reserve using geo-spatial
technology by Ranjan, GGS Indraprasth University, New Delhi, 2014, Guided by
Dr. Kiran May Sarma and Dr. D. S. Srivastava
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4.5.2.4 Human- elephant conflict in Palamau Tiger Reserve by Shreya Singh, GGS
Indraprasth University, New Delhi, 2014, Guided by Dr. Kiran May Sarma and Dr.
D. S. Srivastava.
4.6 Relocation of villages
There are 8 forest villages in the core area namely Latu, Kujrum, Henar, Bijaypur, Ghutuwa,
Gopkhanr, Pandra and Ramandag. The efforts will be made to shift these villages outside of the
core area as per NTCA guideline.
4.7 Administration and Organisation
The Palamau Tiger Reserve has been carved out of old Daltonganj Forest Division in 1974. In
1996, the Tiger Reserve was again reorganised. The Two divisions namely Daltonganj South
Division & Project Tiger Division had been created. Again after reorganization in the Forest
Department, the present administrative set up is given in graph- 12 & Annexure- XII.
Core Area is spread over five Ranges namely Chhipadohar East, Chhipadohar West, Garu East,
Garu West & Baresanr which are part of the Buffer Area and Core Area Divisions. There are 33
sub beats under 8 beats in Core Area (CTH).
60
Graph- 12: Administrative set up in PTR
Both administrative Forest Divisions have Critical Tiger Habitat and Buffer Area in their
administrative jurisdiction. The Core Forest Division has 106 km2 of CTH and Buffer Forest
Division has 308.08 km2 of CTH.
The Chief Conservator of Forests and Field Director is the overall in-charge of the reserve,
assisted by two DFOs.
61
Sanctioned staff strength of Palamau Tiger Reserve is as follows:
S. Name of Post Field Director Buffer Area Division Core Area Division Total
No. Sanctioned Sanctioned Sanctioned Sanctioned
1 2 3 6 9 12
1 Chief
Conservator
1 - - 1
of Forests and
Field Director
2 D. C. F. - 1 1 2
3 A.C.F. 1 1 1 3
4 R.O.F. 1 4 4 9
5 Circle Assistant 2 - - 2
6 Head Clerk 1 1 - 2
7 Accountant - - 1 1
8 Assistant 7 7 14
9 Steno 1 - - 1
10 Drafts man - 1 - 1
11 Amin - - 1 1
12 Forester - 16 13 29
13 Forest Guard - 96 79 175
14 Driver 2 2 1 5
15 Orderly Peon/ 5 15 16 36
Chaukidar/
Dakwala
16 Sweeper 1 1 2
17 Artist 1 - - 1
18 Wireless 1 - - 1
Technician
19 Lab Assistant 1 1
20 Attendant - - 1 1
21 Mahawat - - 1 1
22 Canteen Boy - - 1 1
23 Khansama - - 1 1
24 Coup Moharir 1 1 2
Total- 17 146 130 293
Table- 20: Staff strength in PTR
62
CHAPTER – 5
LAND USE PATTERN AND

CONSERVATION- MANAGEMENT
ISSUES
5.1. Land - use Classification
On analysis of land use changes from 2005- 06 to 2011- 12, the following habitat/ land cover
types have been recognized. The changes from forest to habitation and crop land are only 3.14%.
Percentage of LULC of total area of PTR

Percent
LULC Classes 2005- 06 2011- 12 Changes (in %)
Barren rocky area 0.04 0.04 0.00
Cropland 0.70 0.85 0.15
Forest 84.62 81.49 -3.14
Fallow land 7.44 7.58 0.14
Reservoirs/ lakes/ ponds 0.16 0.22 0.06
River/ stream 1.47 1.47 0.00
Rural 0.32 0.36 0.04
Scrub forest 2.10 4.16 2.06
Scrub land 3.15 3.83 0.69
Table- 21: percentage of LULC of PTR (courtesy- JSAC & ISRO Bhuvan site)
Graph- 13: LULC Changes
63
The present analysis (2011- 12) indicates the presence of following land uses of PTR:
S. NO. Land Use / Land Cover Category Area Per Cent

Sq. Km
1 Habitation 3.59 0.31
2 Agricultural Land 88.47 7.56
3 Forest/ Trees 1014.92 86.75
4 Wasteland- Cultivable 45.60 3.90
5 Wasteland- Non Cultivable 0.39 0.03
6 River/ Water body 17.04 1.46
Total 1191.93 100.00
Table- 22: LULC analysis of core area, PTR (courtesy- JSAC, Ranchi)
Graph- 14: Pie diagram of LULC 2011- 12

5.2 Villages in Core Area and Socio- Economic Profile:
The eight forest villages namely Latu, Kujrum, Henar, Bijaypur, Ghutuwa, Gopkhanr, Pandra
and Ramandag are surrounded by core area forest and have little access to health, education and
other amenities. The following socio- economic were surveyed for these villages:
A. Agriculture
Agriculture is the main occupation in these villages. Paddy, Maduwa, Maize, Lentils, etc. are
grown by them, but the production is quite low. The people depend on supplemental employment
in the form of wage labour etc. for their livelihood. The management tries to employ them in
forestry and wildlife management activities like repair works of roads and buildings, de-silting
of waterholes and check dams, firefighting, etc. They are becoming increasingly dependent on
forests.
64
Map- 15: Land use and land cover map of Palamau Tiger Reserve
65
B. Livestock
Livestock rearing is also practised in association with agriculture. A large number of low
productive cattle are reared by these villagers.They also practice limited piggery, poultry, etc.
The cattle can be seen in grasslands created for wildlife and in the water sources. They become
easy prey to tigers and leopards.
C. Population Dynamics
Out of 8 forest villages, 1 village- Ramandag falls under territorial jurisdiction of CD block-
Barwadih. The rest 7 are part of CD block Garu. All the 8 are under territorial jurisdiction of
‘Buffer Area’ Forest Division of PTR.
S. Village Total No. of Total Area of

Households Population
No Name Population Livestock Villages (Ha.)
Male Female
1 Kujrum 49 165 154 319 245 23.07
2 Latu 38 115 109 224 190 48.17
3 Ramandag 85 269 252 521 425 107.7
4 Henar 86 287 273 560 430 114.17
5 Gutuwa 90 250 246 496 450 114.17
6 Bijaypur 75 183 182 365 375 121.46
7 Gopkhar 25 69 70 139 125 23.08
8 Pandra 56 231 229 460 280 68.02
Total 504 1569 1515 3084 2520 619.84
Table- 23: Population demographic of forest villages in core area, PTR
Most of the people in theses villages are very poor and are below poverty line. They are
dependent on subsistence agriculture, livestock rearing, gathering of forest produce, etc. apart
from occasional employment as wage labour.
The villages are situated in remote areas of the tiger reserve and are connected by forest roads to
the main PWD road leading to the block headquarters at Garu. Hospital and healthcare facilities
are available only at Garu. Land holding varies from 0.01 to 10 acres. Irrigation facilities are
limited.
66
Following table provides the details of the GPS location of the villages:
GPS coordinates of the Villages

Name of the
Latitude (N) Longitude (E)
Village
Deg. Min. Sec. Deg. Min. Sec.
Latu 23 37 33.54 84 2 40.2
Kujrum 23 38 45.24 84 7 37.14
Ramandag 23 41 1.68 84 11 26.7
Henar 23 34 33.42 84 13 31.98
Bijaypur 23 42 53.16 84 14 26.7
Gopkhanr 23 32 38.7 84 17 56.7
Gutua 23 31 47.52 84 19 1.68
Pandra 23 31 51.36 84 17 10.98
Table- 24: Details of forest villages in Core Area
Since the population is almost entirely tribal, tribal customs are dominant. The people worship
sacred groves (called Sarna). The worshiping of tree is common in Sarna religion. Sal (Shorea
robusta) is worshiped during Sarhul, Karam tree (Adina cordifolia) is worshiped during Karma
festival.
The major tribes are Oraon, Chero, Birjia, Korwa, Kherwar etc. They maintain peaceful relations
with each other and remain in harmony.
5.3. Resource dependence of villages
The agriculture provides nearly three months of food for these villages. The labour from forest
department and outside is practiced for livelihood. The other livelihood options are collection
and sale of non timber forest produce (NTFP), mahua flowers and seeds, medicinal plants,
mushrooms, oil seeds and honey. This constitutes the livelihood for nearly three to four months.
The PTR provides them employment in road repairing, building repairing, habitat management,
fire management and anti- poaching measures. The community is solely dependent on Eco-
development activities of PTR and food security scheme of Government.
Photo- 13: NTFP collection

67
5.4 Human- Wildlife Conflicts
The villages in the core are virtually living with wildlife particularly elephants, tigers and sloth
bears. It is interesting that there is not much conflict of these villages with wildlife. 50% of
elephant population lives in the core during paddy season and 90% of elephant during summer.
The conflict with these villages is mostly crop- raiding by elephants and injuries by sloth bear
and elephant during summer. The livestock depredation by tigers and leopards is common in
the area nearer to these villages. The crop- raiding by wild boars, monkeys, chital apart from
elephant is also common.
These villages apart from being harmed by wildlife are also harming wildlife in the form of
hunting, collection of various produces from core and spreading of diseases through cattle. The
diseases from domestic dogs may be the cause of non availability of wild dog from core.
The Project Tiger pays crop damage compensation in these villages but cattle kill compensation
is not paid.
5.5. Assessments of Inputs of Line Agencies/ Other Departments
The Rural Development Department, Welfare Department and Education Department are
involved with the villages in the core/ critical tiger habitat through various social welfare
schemes. The reserve management has also worked for developmental activities in the core/
critical tiger habitats.
During the 10th Five Year Plan, under special central assistance for Tribal Sub-plan, these
villages were selected for provision of basic minimum facilities and services like food security,
drinking water, roads, culverts, causeways, capacity building and employment generation.
An overview of these activities is as follows:
• The development works were prioritized for every village and the corresponding
amount was handed over to the concerned Eco- Development Committees through
their bank accounts. The objective was capacity building through creation of facilities
and to strengthen the participation in development and protection of forest. The
concerned Eco-development Committees executed the work.
• Installation of solar lanterns in households.
• Installation of solar streetlights.
• Supply of water for crops through lift irrigation and ponds.
• Provision of drinking water by hand pumps and wells.
The reserve management also gave training for development of skills to the village youths (men
and women) in the following fields:
• Tailoring
• Poultry keeping
68
• Duck rearing
• Fish culture
• Vegetable farming / vending
• Fruit farming / vending
• Diesel pump repair and running
The resource material was also provided to them to initiate the activities. The school building
and other infrastructure development like Panchayat Bhavan etc. were created in these villages
from block in association with PTR.
Photos- 14: Work and training programmes in Core Area
69
PART - B : THE PROPOSED
MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER – 6
VISIONS, GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND

PROBLEMS
6.1. Vision
The vision and objective of the reserve is to revive and restore a viable, breeding and stable
population of tigers in Palamau Tiger Reserve and the larger Central Indian Tiger Landscape by
identifying, preserving and strengthening corridors and forest contiguity.
To summarize the objectives of this reserve are:
• Reverse the trend of population decline of tiger, co-predators and prey in order to
recreate a viable, breeding and stable source population of tigers.
• Generate participation, stake-holding and support from fringe and buffer communities
in conservation.
• Preserve integrity of the habitat within the larger tiger landscape in order to ensure
dispersal of surplus tigers into a larger meta-population and revitalize adjoining
habitats with tigers.
6.2. Management Goals
The management goals in the Core/ Critical Tiger Habitat shall be:
• To make the Core/ Critical Tiger Habitat as safe zone for a healthy breeding population
of tigers by minimizing pressures on the Core/ Critical Tiger Habitat.
• To actively manage and enhance forage availability for prey species, increase their
population and thereby facilitate increase in tiger population.
• To seek community participation in management, protection, development and
monitoring of the core area for fulfillment of objectives.
• To maintain selected pockets as benchmark ecosystems to carry out research,
monitor ecological changes, quantify ecosystem services and exhaustively document
biodiversity richness.
71
6.3. Management Objectives
keeping with the above stated goals, the management objectives of the Palamau Tiger Reserve
for its Core/ Critical Tiger Habitat shall be as follows:
• Improving and ensuring protection to tigers, its habitat and prey base through
adequate staff deployment, strengthening infrastructure, capacity building of field
staff, networking and intelligence gathering.
• Restoring prey populations and density by controlling poaching, creation and
management of grasslands/ meadows, controlling grazing of domestic livestock,
controlling weeds, maintenance of waterholes , etc.
• Controlling human- wildlife conflict, prevention of retaliatory killing of carnivores
because of livestock depredation through quick disbursement of compensation,
promotion of eco - development initiatives and seeking community support in
management, protection, anti-poaching activities and habitat improvement.
• Monitoring the same through scientifically established population estimation,
habitat survey and monitoring protocols viz. Phase- IV monitoring through scat/
photographic/ combined capture- recapture method while supplementing it by foot/
beat level monitoring through the experienced tiger/ wildlife trackers.
• Creating an inviolate Core/ Critical Tiger Habitat by voluntary relocation of villages
as per NTCA guidelines and reducing antagonism of villages.
• Awareness development among all stakeholders on the importance of tiger
conservation, ecology, environment and climate change.
6.4. Problems in Achieving Objectives
• Acute shortage of frontline staff.

• Non availability of wildlife trained officers and staffs.
• Rampant poaching of herbivore prey base by local communities.
• Delay in release of funds, temporary status of establishment of the reserve due to
which sanction has to be obtained for extension of the period of establishment every
year resulting in delay in release of Cheque Drawing Authorities (CDA) by A.G.,
Jharkhand
• Left Wing Extremism, road holdups and other law and order problems.
• High anthropogenic pressure due to presence of 8 forest villages in Core/ Critical
Tiger Habitat.
• Limited area of Core/ Critical Tiger Habitat as we are preserving meta- population.
• Weed invasion in grasslands, habitat degradation due to anthropogenic factors.
• Risk of epidemic to wildlife from free grazing livestock and domestic dogs.
• Insufficient infrastructure, staff amenities, wildlife health facilities, capacity building
and awareness among stakeholders.
72
• Insufficient eco development activities and supports from local communities
• Construction of Kutku Dam reservoir which will submerge nearly 3.6 km2 of core in PTR.
• Linear intrusions viz. roads, railway lines etc. into Core/ Critical Tiger Habitat.
6.5. Strengths - Weaknesses - Opportunities - Limitation (SWOT) Analysis
6.5.1 Strengths
ØØ Natural bounties
• Very rich biodiversity- Rich flora and fauna including rare medicinal plants, ar-
thropods, climbers and orchids etc.
• Better ecological condition- Large area with occurrence of edges, ecotones, ri-
parian zones and abundant niches.
• Landscape connectivity- Excellent contiguity with adjoining habitats as well as
the Central Indian tiger landscape which include tiger reserves like Sanjay, Band-
havgarh, Achanakmar and protected areas such as Guru Ghasidas National Park,
Temor - pingla WLS, Semarsot WLS, Palkot WLS and Lawalong WLS.
ØØ Community support
• Simple villagers - the local tribal villagers are very simple and desire to live in
harmony with nature as prescribed by their religion- Sarna. They want to protect
forest and help in management if desired by management. The anti- forest activi-
ties by local communities is almost negligible.
ØØ Infrastructure and approach
• Better infrastructure for fire control, anti- poaching & mobility - Strong
administrative infrastructure at range and beat levels, good communication
network and better mobility and anti- poaching activities.
• Good approach - almost every area is connected through forest roads.
ØØ Staff attitude
• Positive attitude of PA managers and staff to enhance the status of tiger reserve.
The community support is the biggest strength of the reserve. It will help accomplishing long
term conservation objectives.
6.5.2 Weaknesses
ØØ Staff issues
• Acute shortage of forest guards.

• Aged frontline staffs- Present frontline staff is likely to retire within one or
two years which will create complete vacuum.
73
• Poor staff welfare measures.
• No support staff and infrastructure for computerized reporting, monitoring and
management in range offices
• Untrained and uninformed staff on modern techniques and management issues
of wildlife conservation.
ØØ Funding
• Late availability of funds
ØØ Communication and conveyance
• No handsets/ mobile to the frontline staff

• Insufficient vehicles for frontline staff mobility
ØØ Biotic pressure
• Unregulated resource extraction from the PA

• Unregulated grazing
ØØ Research, documentation and monitoring- the monitoring, documentation and

researches on various topics concerning habitat, wildlife and impact is inadequate.
6.5.3 Opportunities
• Involvement of local communities in eco - tourism

• Involvement of local youths in protection`
• Mass awareness drive on tiger protection, prey protection and habitat
protection
• Opportunities for researches
• Involvement of all departments through interaction
There are not much external opportunities for the reserve to bank upon, due to obvious reasons.
However, there are several internal opportunities for improvement of the reserve, which may
lead to more external opportunities.
6.5.4 Threats
• Naxalite activities and poor law and order

• Increasing cattle population
• Increased natural resource utilization
• Weed infestation
• Decreasing tiger number and prey base
• Proposed Kutku dam, which may submerge a large area of core, if the dam is
constructed.
74
ØØ Community issues
• Exploitation of locals by traders and outsiders

• Unemployment among local youth.
• Biotic pressure of adjoining villages
It is quiet worrying that the reserve is facing multidimensional threats. Some of the threats are
basically internal and could be minimized through management interventions.
75
CHAPTER – 7
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
7.1. Delineation of Critical Wildlife Habitat and Inviolate areas.-
The Inviolate Core Area has been delineated and notified vide Government of Jharkhand,
Notification No. Wildlife 23/7-6589, dated 31-12-2007. The total Core Area is 414.08 km2
comprising of 39 Reserve Forest blocks (compartments) of Palamau Wildlife Sanctuary (Area
200.54 km2) and area of Betla National Park (213.54 km2) (Annexure- I).
7.2. Zone and Theme Approaches to Management Strategies
7.2.1 Zone Plan
The Zone Plan for Core Area is proposed to include

i. Habitat Management Zone
ii. Villages Relocation Zone
iii. In-situ build up of prey base
7.2.1.1 Zone Plan for Habitat Improvement

Following activities will be carried out in this zone:
• Species like Lantana, Flemingia spp., Cassia, Parthenium spp., Ocimum spp.,
Ageratum conyzoides etc. and few climbers have invaded several areas. These cause
hindrance for young regeneration and are competing with native species. Weeds are
also taking over grasslands and undergrowth crucial for providing forage to wild
ungulates and thus play negative role in reduction of prey base and subsequently in
the carrying capacity of the reserve to sustain large carnivores. Removal of the weeds
mechanically will be resorted to. A separate proposal will be prepared for removal of
the weeds every year along with requirement of the budget for the same.
• In the CTH there are 205 waterholes spread over the entire area. Many water holes
sustain through the summer season, which is the most crucial pinch period for
wildlife in the reserve. There are a few aquifers as well. It has been found that many
waterhole dry during the summer season. Continuous monitoring of waterholes for
availability of water will be carried out immediately after monsoon till the beginning
of next rainy season. De-silting of waterholes, check dams and other water reservoirs
will be carried out. Water will be made available in the water- troughs in case of
acute shortage of water (Annexure-II).
• Water harvesting structures like check dams will be constructed. Soil moisture
conservation works like contour trenching and construction of small check dams
down the streams will be taken up for which watershed approach will be adapted. A
76
map showing the areas in PTR where check dams can be constructed is also given
below: (Map - 16)
Map- 16: Water resource development plan of PTR
77
• Grazing of livestock in the core area is banned. But eight forest villages in core area
utilize the habitat for grazing also. Apart from these eight villages feral cattle from the
villages adjoining core also utilize the habitat. So, eco- development initiatives will
be started in these impact villages to take community participation and also involving
these villages in Breed Improvement Program for the local cattle in association with
State Animal Husbandry Department. The eco-development activities will be of low
level and be continued till the villages are relocated.
• Cutting and removal of the trees, collection of NTFP from core area is also banned.
But the illicit activities do happen. Efforts will be made to stop such practices through
community participation. The developmental activities in the villages under eco-
development and channelizing of other government developmental activities in these
impact villages.
• Grassland management like removal of weeds, cold burning etc. has to be carried
out. Some of the grasslands which have not been maintained during past few years
may be taken for restoration to increase the prey- base. Palatable grass species like
Cynodondactylon, Heteropogan, contortus etc. may be sown in patches.
Photos- 15: Weed removal and grass burning activities

• Gully plugging, water harvesting, soil and moisture conservation activities shall be
initiated in areas prone to soil erosion.
7.2.1.2 Zone Plan for Relocation of villages
Total area under 8 villages in the core area is approx. 619.84 km2. Attempts will be made to
voluntarily relocate eight forest villages inside the core/ critical tiger habitat. One of the eight
villages in the core/critical tiger habitat, Kujrum, has expressed in writing through a petition
by the Gram Sabha that families in the village are keen to avail the relocation package. Steps
shall be taken to educate the villagers from other villages regarding the benefits of relocation
and convince them for the same. These villages shall be relocated elsewhere as per NTCA
guidelines and relocation plan, in a phased manner. In the interim period until relocation of
villages from the Core/ Critical Tiger Habitat, steps to elicit cooperation and support of the
villages for wildlife conservation measures, reduction of their dependence on forest resources
and prevention of livestock grazing shall be practiced.
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7.2.1.3 Zone Plan for in – situ build up prey base
To increase the prey base of tigers particularly the population of sambar (Rusa unicolor), its in-
situ breeding and release will be tried immediately. Subsequently in-situ breeding of Gaur will
also be tried. A separate plan for breeding and release of sambar will be prepared after studying
its population dynamics.
7.2.2 Theme Plan
The theme plan for the core/ critical tiger habitat of Palamau Tiger Reserve will focus on
establishing a sound, scientific information base for protection and management of tiger and
prey species, reduction of anthropogenic pressure and creation of inviolate habitat. The vision
and goal will be to reverse the trend of declining population of tigers, co-predators and prey in
the reserve and reviving a viable, breeding and stable population of the same.
Following are the different components of theme plan that will equip the management with
adequate inputs for sound, scientific management of the reserve:
• Protection
• Forest Fire management
• Capacity building/ staff deployment
• Insurgency/ lawlessness
• Tiger/ Wildlife monitoring
• Regular Monitoring & Forecasting
• Community relations
• Human-wildlife conflict mitigation
• Infrastructure development
• Staff support & amenities
• Initiation of research, monitoring & documentation
• Retrofitting in respect of existing structures
i. State Highways
ii. Railway
iii. Multipurpose Kutku dam
The action proposed under above component is as follows:
7.2.2.1 Theme Plan for Protection
There are 191 villages outside Core Area and on the periphery of Buffer Area and 8 forest
villages inside the Core/ Critical Tiger Habitat, which put varying degree of biotic pressure on
the Palamau Tiger Reserve forest and all of them are dependent upon the reserve for firewood,
timber, fodder and free grazing of animals.
Another 207 villages exist within proposed Eco- Sensitive Zone of 5 kilometers from the
reserve boundary and are dependent on the reserve for their livelihood requirements. Land under
agriculture is also expanding with the exploding population of these villages. The increasing
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population of the villages has caused the situation in the reserve to degenerate into a vicious
circle of overuse, resulting in the overall degradation of the forest area and loss of connectivity
with adjoining habitats.
Illicit felling of trees, illegal collection of firewood and NTFP, poaching of wild animals and
illegal trade of wildlife products, illegal grazing, encroachment of tiger habitat etc. are the
common illegal activities carried out by inhabitants of villages within the reserve. Poaching
is severe enough to have seriously reduced the prey base in the reserve and the corresponding
capacity of the reserve to sustain large carnivores.
The availability of costly timber such as teak and rosewood has lured villagers to indulge in
illicit felling for timber and firewood.
Grazing is a major problem in the reserve and over approx. 1.5 lakh heads of livestock are
estimated to freely graze within the reserve. This has not only degraded the habitat by the
destruction of undergrowth, spread of weeds and destruction of grasslands even in the core/
critical tiger habitat but it is also one of the principal causes of low prey base in the reserve
owing to non-availability of fodder and grasslands to wild ungulates. This is seriously affecting
the carrying capacity of the reserve to sustain large carnivores and has resulted in intense
human-wildlife conflict from frequent cattle depredation. Livestock grazing also poses the
risk of epidemics of diseases such as Anthrax and Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) to which
wild ungulates are highly susceptible. Following measures will be adopted for improvement/
maintenance of habitat:
• Patrolling Chowkies : Local people will be engaged in protection of wildlife and

the habitat in the core area. They will be provided incentive like ration, uniform, anti-
poaching kit etc. The efforts will be made to put them in groups in different localities
and develop those as patrolling chowkies. They will be instructed to move on foot
and monitor the movement of tiger, elephant etc. They will also be instructed to keep
vigil on poachers and persons engaged in illegal felling of trees. To improve flow of
information from patrolling chowki where wireless/ mobile network is not available,
motorcycles will be provided.
• Inter- Departmental co - ordination : The inter-departmental coordination will be
developed in which local administration, police and railway will be involved. Local
Thanas, Railway Protection Force (RPF) and GRP as well as the SDM will also be
requested frequently to cooperate in preventing illegal transport of the timber, forest
produce, wildlife trophies, uncured trophies etc.
• Field staff vacancies : Efforts shall be made to fill up field staff vacancies by fresh
recruitment of sanctioned staff.
• Creation and funding of STPF : The process of availing central funds and setting
up of Special Tiger Protection Force as per NTCA guidelines shall be taken up.
• Anti- poaching Camps : Existing anti-poaching camps at Betla, Chhipadohar,
Barwadih, Garu, Maromar, Baresanr and Kujrum shall be maintained by local work
force along with permanent staff.
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• Tiger Protection Units : The entire reserve shall be divided into smaller units called
Tiger Protection Units. Each unit shall be manned by a camp of five persons who shall
patrol the area, collect information on forest/ wildlife offenders and take preventive
action.
• Secret funds : A “Secret Fund” shall be maintained and a network of informers
shall be formed under direct control of the Field Director. The Field Director shall
disburse this fund at his/ her discretion.
• Rewards and incentives : A system of rewards and annual awards shall be instituted
for the field staff and villagers in order to encourage their morale.
• Capacity building : There will be regular training of the field staff in the matter
related to detection of crime, filing prosecution reports etc.
• Staff welfare : Added benefits such as life insurance, special allowance for serving
in a tiger reserve, special allowance for working in an insurgency affected area, first
aid kits, water filters, etc. shall be instituted for field staff.
• Forensic Cell : A forensics cell shall be created and maintained at the reserve’s
headquarters and shall be taken action upon detection of any wildlife/ forest crime.
• Illicit activities : Timber smuggling routes and trails prone to be used by smugglers
and poachers have been identified and shall be put under extra vigilance; steps such
as erection of check gates on these shall be taken with the help of local communities.
• Infrastructure : Roads, staff infrastructure, fire lines, fire watchtowers, culverts,
causeways, etc. shall be maintained; boundary pillars shall be strengthened and
marked annually.
• Encroachment : Steps shall be taken to remove encroachers from forestland.
7.2.2.2 Theme Plan for Forest Fire management
Fires during the summer season for collecting mahua fruit and kendu (tendu) leaves are a serious
threat to the reserve. The dryness of the forests of this region makes them highly susceptible
to fire. Widespread ground fires are noticed across the reserve and these are major threat to the
habitat and the wildlife in that they burn undergrowth, encourage the growth of weeds and kill
several small mammals, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates, ground nesting birds and other
ground dwelling animals. These fires gradually alter prime habitats of major herbivore species
in respect to their composition and density, distribution of species and influx of more hardy fire
tolerant exotic weeds. Frequent fires of higher intensity change the utility pattern of the habitat
by wildlife and result in gradual reduction in “percentage use” of the habitat and subsequent
disuse.
Fire protection measures have been in practice for a very long period in the reserve. Fire-watch
towers have been erected at strategically important places to locate fires. Protection squads
are stationed at different places to cope with the problem. However, currently these efforts are
insufficient as the acute shortage of field staff seriously inhibits the management’s capabilities
to control fire. Following measures may be adopted:
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• Fire risk zonation : Fire risk zonation may be carried out for better deployment of
manpower and other resources.
• Fire alert : The fire alerts from Forest Survey of India (FSI), Dehradun may be used.
• Fire line register : Range wise fire line register should be maintained with regular
inspection note from authorized officers at predetermined intervals. Accurate and
detailed report of forest fire should be maintained for planning of prevention,
detection and suppression of forest fires.
• Fire observation towers : Erection of new fire observation towers and maintenance of
the existing ones, should be done depending on the canopy height and canopy spread,
to provide maximum unobstructed view. The design should provide convenience and
safety to the observer, against, criminals and poachers, lightening, falling trees and
high winds rains. Design and construction of watchtowers should be standardized.
Safety, Security and comforts of the staff operating the fire watchtowers should be
given adequate importance.
• Watchtowers : Watchtowers should be manned round the clock especially during
fire season and equipped with mobile and wireless, for effective communication.
• Fire lines : Existing fire lines should be maintained and control burnt by January, i.e.
before the dry season sets in.The need of new fire lines should be worked out. The
principle to be followed is to break up the area into fire control units, depending upon
the topography of the sanctuary.During the dry period, patrolling paths, natural trails
etc., which also act as fire lines, should be similarly maintained.
• Counter firing : Counter firing is adopted if the fire is so fierce that fire fighting
squad cannot stand near the head to beat it out. Deliberate burning of fire in the
opposite direction of the advancing fire from a clear burnt fire trace is done so that on
meeting together these fires get extinguished as there will only be burnt strips left in
the front of them without any combustible material. Topography, direction of wind,
speed of advancing fire, availability of labor etc. should be taken into account for the
effective implementation of counter firing.
• Fire fighting equipment : Fire-fighting equipment shall be provided. Tools for
fire lighting like, pulaski, brush hook, double bit axes, power chain saws, raker etc.
should be available in the nearest beat or Range office in sufficient numbers to meet
such emergency.
• The help of the local people/ EDCs will be taken in all forest fire protection measures.
7.2.2.3 Theme Plan for Capacity building/ staff deployment
The reserve has acute shortage of frontline staff. This has affected every aspect of its management
and protection. There are less than 11 Forest Guards existing against the sanctioned strength
of 175. Most of them are nearing retirement and cannot withstand the rigours of hard and risky
fieldwork demanded in the protection, monitoring and management of a Tiger Reserve. There
are vacancies of ACFs and Range Officers against the sanctioned strength. The table showing
details of vacancies in Palamau Tiger Reserve is given in Chapter- 4 under section- 4.7.
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• Wildlife training : The existing staff will be trained in wildlife management and
in basic skills such as tranquilization and rescue of animals in conflict, survey and
documentation, monitoring of prey and predators, legal training on wildlife Act,
biodiversity Act and FRA etc.The efforts will be made to motivate them for wildlife
conservation with modern wildlife conservation techniques and tools.
• Special TPF : Special Tiger Protection Force will be put in place to play its role for
which it has been established.
• Community training : In absence of regular staffs, the EDCs will be given training
in protection of the wild animal and their habitat. They will be trained in crime
detection, making fast communication and elicit information about poacher etc. they
may be trained in tracking the wild animals also.
7.2.2.4 Theme Plan to address Insurgency/ lawlessness
The naxal activities had begun in late 70s and reached to climax in 90s. These activities have
affected the entire area of reserve. The infrastructure like rest houses, beat offices, forest guard
chowkies, check- posts, the staff quarter in the field have been damaged by them. There had
been the incidents of killing, man- handling of field staff by insurgents and under the garb of
insurgency by outlaws also. This has resulted in the fear among staff and they could seldom
visit their area of jurisdiction leading to increase in the poaching activities, illegal felling and
transportation of valuable timber species from the forest. It is worth to point out that illegal
felling and removal of Khair, Teak, Rosewood and Bijasal has taken place since then.
Although counter insurgency measures have been initiated by State Police Department, Police
Pickets and CRPF camps have been established in many places, but still the local staff have to
be very cautious while moving into their areas. They move in the groups and have to get prior
intimation of presence of insurgents in the locality. In view of poor law and order situation the
staff may be encouraged to staying in groups at beat HQs, patrolling camps, and supervise their
areas with the help of local people.
7.2.2.5 Theme Plan for Tiger/ Wildlife monitoring
• Human- tiger conflict : Efforts shall be made to understand human-tiger conflict and
implement mitigation measures by employing a combination of best practices from
across Indian tiger reserves, fine- tuning them to suit intricacies and sensitivities of
local communities. Due process as prescribed in the Standard Operating Procedure
(SOP) circulated by the NTCA shall be adhered to.
• Monitoring of tiger : Monitoring of tiger population in the reserve shall be carried
out according to standardized protocols as per NTCA Technical document no. 1/2011.
Traditional practices such as the daily monitoring of tigers using skilled trackers on
foot shall be encouraged. Abundance, occupancy, dispersal source-sink dynamics of
the population shall be documented and monitored.
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• Track census : Annual estimation of prey abundance and occupancy, population
density etc. shall be carried out according to established NTCA protocols and
prevalent practices. (NTCA Technical document no. 1/2011)
• Infrastructure buildup : Technical and physical capacities of field staff,
infrastructure shall be built up to enhance protection and management in the core/
critical tiger habitat. No external agency shall be involved for creating infrastructure
in the Core/ CTH.
• Documentation : All available scientific information on tigers and prey base in
the Core/ Critical Tiger Habitat shall be compiled and made widely available to
government as well as civil society institutions and public at large.
• Surveys : A variety of surveys shall be designed and implemented to measure
parameters such as government law enforcement records, village information
surveys, and direct surveys of human impact (viz. poaching, grazing, fires, logging,
etc.) on annual basis.
• Outsourcing : In order to increase transparency and management capabilities of
PTR, services of competent resources persons and organization will be obtained.
• Updating Tiger Conservation Plan:A feedback system shall be created to incorporate
information and lessons from the above exercises in order to create and update
management plans for the reserve at the larger landscape.
7.2.2.6 Theme Plan for Regular Monitoring & Forecasting
• Evidence monitoring : All direct sightings/ indirect evidences of tiger in the field
including details of evidence and GPS locations are communicated to the main VHF
Control Room at the reserve headquarters where the data is compiled, documented,
analyzed and mapped.
• Daily patrolling : A synopsis of wildlife signs and sightings by field staff during
daily patrolling is also compiled and informed on a daily basis according to protocols
developed by Wildlife Institute of India and NTCA.
• Data centre : A data centre will be created at Project directorate level for monitoring,
prey base, conflict, analysis and research.
• MEE monitoring : Annual monitoring on the guidelines of MEE will be carried out
for better management practices in the reserve.
7.2.2.7 Theme Plan for Building Community relations
Regular Eco- development activities need to be carried out to build-up rapport with the villagers.
The channelizing of village development activities of state government will be carried out. The
various income generation activities will be promoted in the villages to reduce the dependencies
on forest. The efforts will be made to involve local communities/ EDCs in protection of habitat,
illicit felling, grazing, crop raiding and firefighting activities.
A regular Range level meeting of Line Departments, Panchayats and EDCs will be conducted
for involvement of others in management of core area.
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7.2.2.8 Theme Plan for Human- wildlife conflict mitigation
Human- wildlife conflict is acute in the reserve. It primarily manifests in the form of livestock
depredation by tigers and leopards. Approximately 100 livestock depredations are reported
every year. Usually, only the loss of economically important livestock viz. bullocks, buffaloes
and milk cows are reported. It is believed that the locals are apathetic towards the loss of
economically unviable animals and may therefore be ignoring the reporting of their loss.
Straying leopards are also reported after being trapped within human dwellings and rescue
operations have been necessitated following such reports. Loss of life, property and crops to
depredation by elephants is also prevalent, particularly in fringe villages during the paddy-
harvesting season. Human deaths and injuries have also resulted from accidental encounters
with elephants or sloth bears.
The payment of compensation has to be made quickly so that the loss is compensated. At
present, there is long process of compensation payment. A compensation/ emergency fund is to
be created by State Government with the DFO concerned for quick payment of compensation and
remedial measure. The process should be simplified also. The EDCs/ Panchayat representative
may be authorized to submit the documents required for compensation. SOP of the NTCA in
this context shall be followed in letter & spirit.
7.2.2.9 Theme Plan for Infrastructure development
The reserve’s management requires permanent and mobile anti- poaching camps, staff quarters,
watch towers, modern computerized ranges with support staffs, to enhance the capacity of field
staffs, each range will be provided with 5 field digital cameras, 10 GPS, 5 big elephant torches,
5 cages for small and large animals, snake catching forceps etc., motorcycle and cycles for
patrolling groups and FRHs. Some of the FRHs and other infrastructure have been taken over
by Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) battalions engaged in countering insurgency. More
staff quarters will be required when the newly recruited guards join the reserve.
7.2.2.10 Theme Plan for Staff support & amenities
This has been dealt under organization and administration- chapter no- 14 para- 14.8 under the
sub head ‘Staff support & amenities’.
7.2.2.11 Theme Plan for Initiation of research, monitoring & documentation
This issue has been dealt under research and monitoring in chapter 3.6.
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7.2.2.12 Theme Plan for Retrofitting
7.2.2.12.1 State Highway
The integrity of habitat in the tiger reserve is threatened by linear intrusions such as roads and
railway lines. A state highway from the Daltonganj passing via Betla up to Netarhat almost
bifurcates the Core/ Critical Tiger Habitat. Total length of the State Highway- 09 in PTR is
43.66 km (Core Area- 17.71 km, Buffer Area- 25.95 km). Several buses and other vehicles ply
on this route and these result in considerable disturbance to the habitat, wildlife road kills and
in making the Core/ Critical Tiger Habitat potentially accessible to poachers and other criminal
elements. The measures to be adopted will be as follows:
• The blowing of pressure horns and playing music in the vehicles will be prevented.
The speed limit for the vehicles will also be fixed. The arrangement will be made to
regulate the traffic inside the core area.
• Attempts will be made to prevent movement of the vehicles during night in the core
area for which the concerned Department of the Government will be approached so
that the wild animals cross the roads safely during night.
Map- 17: Public Communication map of Palamau Tiger Reserve
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7.2.2.12.2 Railways
A railway line under the Dhanbad Division of East Central Railway connecting Ranchi and
Mughalsarai passes through the reserve and has similar ill effects as the above road. Total
length of the rail in PTR is 13.08 km (Core area- 2.68 km, Buffer Area- 10.4 km). There have
been cases of elephants and other wildlife being run over by trains. Following measures may
be adopted:
• Zonal Railways will be requested to clean the grasses between the tracks to avoid
staying of animals on the track for grazing. The location where the animals pass
through the railway tracks will be identified and informed to Zonal Railways. Sign-
boards will be provided by the railways on both sides of the tracks for warning the
train drivers. The Zonal Railway may be requested to advice IRCTC/ Pantry Car
staff not to throw edible waste in the vulnerable area. This must be announced in the
railway stations near such areas. The zonal railways will be requested to reduce the
speed of trains in such areas. Joint patrolling with Railway staff shall be worked out
through a MoU.
7.2.2.12.3 Multi- purposes Kutku dam
A multi-purpose dam over River North Koel was constructed in 1970- 71. In case the Kutku
Dam is made operational, it will submerge 119 km2 (115.40 km2 in buffer and 3.60 km2 in core)
of the PTR. Some alternate arrangement must be made to avoid the loss to biodiversity due to
this dam. The process under section 38(O) needs to be followed in event of any change in status.
Photo- 16: Kutku dam and submerged area
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CHAPTER – 8
RESEARCH MONITORING AND

TRAINING
8.1 Research Priorities
The Research activities are confined to traditional research on forest and wildlife. It should
extend to the micro flora and fauna. The prioritization of the research activities in the tiger
reserve is as follows:
• Long term study on habitat use, ranging and territoriality of tigers by radio-collaring,
calculation of prey-base and carrying capacity by estimating densities of ungulates,
status survey of small carnivores by camera trapping studies.
• Detailed study of depredation by wild animals, impact of villages on core and vice
versa, the remedial measures and the extent of human-animal conflicts.
• Detailed study of population dynamics and habitat use pattern by tiger, suitability of
habitat for tiger situated outside the park and adjoining landscape.
• Study the extent of infestation and impact of Parthenium on palatable grass species
in grasslands and study of impact of Lantana eradication activities (uprooting of
Lantena in certain area) on the palatable species and its effect on distribution pattern
of herbivorous/ prey species of large carnivorous.
• Study the ecology and population dynamics of elephant including patterns of local
migration within and around the Core Area.
• Study the ecology and population dynamics of Gaur, Sambar, Barking deer and other
species,
• Study of impact of extremist activities on the park administration with special
reference to the protection of forest and wildlife and tourist management.
• Study the extent and impact of damage caused to fauna and flora by wild fire. The
ecological significance of fire in the reserve; research into the fire ecology.
• Study the status and distribution of avifauna.
• Habitat requirement for threatened species;
• Small mammal surveys and ecology;
• Inventory studies for herpetofauna and invertebrates
• Impact of developmental activities on PTR habitat and wildlife.
8.2 Research Projects
At present no research project is under progress. The Wildlife Institute of India, WWF, BSI,
ZSI, Anthropological Survey of India, ICFRE, NRSA, Departments of Zoology and Botany
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of local universities and colleges, Veterinary Collage of Ranchi will be approached to take
up research projects on various aspects related to wildlife and vegetation. Even the forest
department may fund some such projects which will immediately benefit the management of
the reserve. This will help in broadening the research database in respect of the reserve and
help in decision making to improve habitat, prey base, population of tiger and co- predators and
minimising man- animal conflict, disease- surveillance. The scientific knowledge of the staff
will be improved in such association with the research organizations.
The research requirements are best organized into distinct projects, although these would not
necessarily be mutually exclusive. Some of these would be long-term projects (2-4 years),
while others would be of short duration (up to 18 months). The former would often address
long-term information needs of the P.A., the latter would often address immediate information
needs. The short duration projects would also cover information needs that are identified on a
contingent basis as the project progresses.
The following strategies will be adopted for the purpose of research.
8.3 Monitoring Framework
Physical changes
Indicators of physical changes such as siltation in water bodies, erosion in stream banks, rainfall
patterns, change in seasonal temperature variations and other meteorological data shall be
monitored. For monitoring physical changes, various equipment needs to be installed at certain
representative sites to quantify the parameters. Presently, data is being collected daily in all
seven ranges. The old instruments require replacement and servicing. Data collected will be
analyzed at HQ. Automatic weather station shall be purchased and used to monitor climatic
factors.
Vegetation changes
Status of regeneration in key species of flora, status of grasslands, succession stages in floral
communities, invasion of woody species, invasion of exotic species such as lantana, productivity
of sites, etc. are key parameters to be monitored. For monitoring vegetation changes and
changes induced by fire, sample-plots are to be laid randomly in different strata. For tree
species, permanent plots of 1ha area (100m x 100m) are recommended. Aerial photographs and
satellite imageries of the tract will be indented from National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA),
Hyderabad.
Monitoring of Wildlife
• The population status and dynamics of tiger, reproduction status, existing and
potential corridors for dispersal, etc. shall be studied, documented and monitored.
• Efforts shall be made to understand human-tiger conflict better and implement
mitigation measures by employing a combination of best practices from across
Indian tiger reserves, fine-tuning them to suit intricacies and sensitivities of local
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communities.
• Monitoring of tiger population in the reserve shall be carried out according to
standardized protocols as per Phase - IV guidelines issued by NTCA. Traditional
practices such as the daily monitoring of tigers using skilled trackers on foot shall
be encouraged and incorporated. Abundance, occupancy, dispersal source-sink
dynamics of the population shall be documented and monitored.
• Scientific annual estimation of prey abundance and occupancy, population density,
etc. shall be carried out according to established NTCA protocols.
• Radio tracking equipment may be used for monitoring the movement of elephants.
• In order to increase transparency and increase the management capabilities of PTR,
services of competent resources persons and organization will be obtained.
• A feedback system shall be developed to incorporate information and lessons from
the above exercises in order to update management plan for the reserve, the PA, the
Core/ critical tiger habitat and the larger landscape.
Effects of fire
Effects of fire on soil, flora and fauna shall also be measured and monitored.
8.4 Training Needs Assessment
The training and research accordingly needs to be appropriately enhanced to meet challenges.
The new approaches would include developing framework for mainstreaming conservation
in development projects and policies, carrying out empirical studies on ecological impacts
of developmental projects and human activities, strengthening common property resource
management and developing expertise in managing wildlife in isolated& fragmented patches
across landscapes. The use of modern tools and technology and development of analytical
capabilities are critical ingredients for achieving success in this endeavour.
In order to rapidly build capacity it is proposed to conduct customized training programmes for
various target groups (forest and wildlife managers; enforcement agencies; custom and revenue
officials etc.) of varying duration at headquarters as well as in field locations in PA. The training
on the following aspects may be imparted:
• Estimation & monitoring of tigers, co-predators and prey.

• Wildlife laws, legislation and their enforcement.
• Monitoring of Wildlife health.
• Wildlife forensics and investigation.
• Government protocols such as those on handling cases of human-wildlife conflict,
death of tigers and other wild animals, etc.
• Wildlife rescue and tranquillization.
• Anti-poaching measures, identification of vulnerable areas for poaching and other
illicit activities, building up intelligence networks and dealing with informers,
• Monitoring of animal signs and evidences (including scats & kills).
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• Conducting PRA/ RRA for micro planning under eco- development.
• Use of wireless sets, fire arms, tranquilizing guns, immunization (vaccination) of
livestock
• Use of GPS and other field equipment, firearms, cameras, camera traps, range finders,
etc.
• Fire fighting.
• Grassland monitoring
• Precautions in dealing with snakes, scorpions and other dangerous species.
• Healthcare and first aid in the field.
• Conservation policies, approach and their field implications for frontline staff.
8.5 HRD Plan
The training will be imparted from frontline staff to Field Director Level. The training will be
categorised as:
• Front line staff

• Middle level managers
• Top-level managers
The frontline staff will be imparted trainings for the duration of two to three days on the topics
which are related to implementation in the PA like wildlife monitoring, tranquilizing, fire-
fighting, use of GPS, intelligence gathering, health care, first- aid, rescue of wild animals &
their upkeep etc.
The middle level managers will be trained on law enforcement conservation policies, GIS,
latest issues in wildlife management, disaster management in the respect of protected area,
human resource management, conflict resolution etc.
The top level managers will be imparted training on ecotourism, breeding of animals and their
release, latest software used in wildlife management, wildlife legislation, eco- development etc.
The duration of the training for the top and middle level managers may be of five days and
arranged in specialized institutes.
Efforts may be made to post wildlife trained officers at middle and top level in the reserve. They
may be sent to attend short- term specialized trainings to various training institutes of repute.
The tenure of these officers should be long, more than five years so that the tiger reserve may
get benefit of the training imparted to them and also get advantage of their experience. The
official and staff of the park may be given incentive like special pay and lower staff may be
given ration allowance etc. As the wildlife staff has to work in the remote areas their families
may be given government accommodation in the division headquarter, so that their children
may also get benefit of good education and the health care facilities.
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CHAPTER – 9
TIGER POPULATION AND

HABITAT ASSESSMENT
This will be done as per the guidelines received from time to time from NTCA. However, there
may be provision Field Research Cell consisting of a qualified Research Officer, an Assistant
Research Officer to be made available by the Tiger Conservation Foundation to plan and execute
activities to estimate tiger population, prey base and habitat monitoring.
9.1 Daily Monitoring and Forecasting
As per National Tiger Conservation Authority’s guidelines, daily monitoring of tiger and
its habitat shall be done. At present Monitoring of the tiger population and the prey-base is
being done on a daily basis. All direct sightings / indirect evidences of tigers in the field are
reported to the main VHF Control Room with GPS locations at the PTR Headquarters where
the information is compiled.
There is a need to strengthen this monitoring and information gathering to those areas which are
inaccessible to the staffs. The involvement of the EDCs and the local people will be encouraged
for this purpose. The information will be compiled regularly in the format prescribed by NTCA
and compiled and made available to the GIS Cell for mapping and analysis. A synopsis of
all wildlife sightings during daily patrol shall also be informed on a daily basis according to
protocol developed by WII, Dehradun and NTCA, New Delhi.
9.2 Tiger Population Estimation and Monitoring Frame Work (Phase- I, II, III & IV)
The monitoring as per the guidelines of National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), New
Delhi and Wildlife Institute of India (WII), Dehradun has been carried out in the Tiger Reserve in
2014 despite many constraints. The population of the tigers in comparison to 2010 census report
has gone down due to certain reasons, like substantial tiger bearing potential areas could not be
surveyed, disturbance in habitat, decrease in prey- base and absence of breeding population of
tigers. It is quite possible that some of the tigers might have moved out to adjoining forests due
to reasons cited above. The monitoring of the tiger as per the NTCA protocol will be carried out
regularly (Technical document no 1/2011).
9.2.1 Phase- I: Determining occupancy and mapping relative abundance
The Phase- I consists of rapid and cost effective assessment of all current and potential tiger
habitat across the seventeen tiger states of India. Simple protocols were developed to collect
data on:
• Carnivore sign encounters
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• Tiger prey encounters
• Indices of human disturbance
• Indices of habitat status and
• Dung counts on plots
Map- 18: Transect lines in Palamau Tiger Reserve
9.2.2 Phase- II: Remotely sensed spatial and attribute covariates
Tiger population distribution and abundance would be determined by

• Habitat characteristics
• Prey availability and
• Anthropogenic pressures
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These major covariates could be appropriately surrogated from indices obtained from ground
surveys and remotely sensed data and it would have been used to model tiger occupancy and
abundance.
As part of the Phase- II, remotely sensed data that depict landscape characteristics and
anthropogenic impacts such as the human footprint were obtained from various sources. These
data consisted of:
• Landscape characteristics such as forest area, NDVI, forest patch size, forest core
areas, digital elevation, distance from protected area and river density;
• Variables that index anthropogenic impacts such as distance to night lights, distance
to major roads and density of road network.
9.2.3 Phase- III:
• Camera trap based mark recapture population and density estimation of tigers,
• Distance sampling along line transects for estimating prey abundance
9.2.3.1 Camera trapping
Camera traps were systematically distributed within the study area by superimposing a 2 km x 2 km
grid and deploying at least one double sided camera unit (Moultrie, Trailmaster, Cude back or
Reconyx) within each grid cell. Study areas were extensively searched while conducting sign
surveys to find the ideal location within each grid for camera deployment so as to maximize
the chances of photo-capturing a tiger. Cameras were usually operated between 40 to 60 days
at each site with an effort of over 500 trap-nights per 100 km2. Capture data were analyzed
using closed population models (Amstrup et al. 2005) and spatially explicit likelihood based
approaches (Efford et al. 2004; Royle et al. 2009). For comparison with earlier estimates, tiger
density was also estimated using the half mean maximum distance moved by recaptured tigers
for computing the effectively trapped area (Karanth and Nichols, 2002). Effectively trapped
area was computed in a GIS after applying a habitat mask that removed non tiger habitat (deep
water body, human settlements etc.) from the computation.
9.2.3.2 Estimating Prey Abundance:
Within each camera trap grid, line transects of 2- 3 km length were demarcated. Transects were
walked early morning and data were recorded on species sighted, group size, group composition,
bearing of walk and bearing of the animal(s) sighted, and distance of the animals(s) using
a laser range finder (Bushnell) and see through compass (SUNTO). Program DISTANCE
(Thomas et al. 2009) was used to compute density of individual species (for species with a
reasonable number of sightings) and of two other categories which comprised of ungulate prey
and all tiger prey (inclusive of peafowl, langur and all ungulates). To improve model fit and
subsequent inference from DISTANCE data from across similar habitat types was pooled to
estimate detection probability and effective strip width estimates to obtain more precise, post
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stratified reserve specific, estimates of density (MacKenzie et al. 2005).
9.2.4 Phase - IV:
The periodicity of four years and intensity of camera trap based monitoring, though adequate
for a country wise status assessment, was not adequate for monitoring important source
populations of tigers (Jhala et al. 2005, 2011). Source populations were mostly limited to Tiger
Reserves and Protected Areas (with the exception of a few tiger populations outside of PA’s).
The well being of these populations is crucial for the long-term persistence of tigers within the
larger landscapes (Walston et al. 2010). Such sources can deplete rapidly when targeted by
commercial poachers (Chapron et al. 2008) as has been seen in Sariska and Panna (Gopal et al.
2010). Therefore, an annual monitoring scheme has been recommended for important source
populations within each tiger landscape (Jhala et al. 2011). Source population monitoring is
done in the following manner:
a) Either the entire protected area or an area of 300- 500 km2 is camera trapped annually
within a period of 60 days (so as to ensure population closure). The camera density
is maintained at one double sided unit per 4 km2 and trapping effort of about 500
trap nights per 100 km2 is invested. Camera trapped tiger pictures are then digitally
processed and compared using the software Extract Compare (Hiby et al. 2009).
A park specific database of tiger pictures as well as a national database for tiger
pictures is then maintained at the Park Headquarters, National Tiger Conservation
Authority, and the Wildlife Institute of India, respectively. Population and density
estimation of tigers is subsequently done using closed capture estimators for each
year and open population models between years to provide estimates of survival and
dispersal between years as well (Pollock et al.1990; Karanth et al. 2006).
Photo- 17: Camera trap practices

b) Implementation of MSTrIPES (Monitoring System for Tigers- Intensive Patrolling
and Ecological Status) within all source populations. MSTrIPES provides for
computer assisted intelligent patrolling for law enforcement as well as seasonal
ecological monitoring. It comprises of protocols for data recording and software for
data analysis, interpretation and reporting. MSTrIPES uses the Phase- I protocols,
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implemented seasonally (instead of on a 4 year interval) within source populations,
conducts statistical comparisons at desired spatial and temporal scales and produces
outputs in the form of GIS maps and reports. The advantage of MSTrIPES over other
methods of intensive monitoring of source populations is that it generates information
from the regular duties of the park staff (while conducting patrols and ecological
monitoring). It provides a holistic assessment of status of tigers, other carnivores,
mega herbivores, other prey, human pressures, illegal activities, and patrol effort in
a manner that keeps the pulse of the major fauna of the Tiger Reserve and provides
input for adaptive management (Williams et al. 2002) and evaluating management
effectiveness (Hockings, 2003).
9.2.5 Tiger population monitoring using DNA Analysis
Scat, tissue, hair samples are used as a source of DNA for genetic analysis of tigers. Samples
have been collected with proper GPS coordinates and have to be kept in airtight plastic bags
along with silica gel. Further DNA extraction and Genetic identification of individuals have
been done in reputed genetic laboratories.
9.3. Habitat Assessment and Monitoring Framework
As discussed earlier, monitoring of the tiger population and the prey-base is being done on a
daily basis. All direct sightings/ indirect evidences of tiger in the field are reported to the main
VHF Control Room with GPS locations at the PTR Head Quarters where the information is
compiled. All the information collected and compiled, should be made available to the GIS Cell
for mapping and analysis. A synopsis of all wildlife sightings during daily patrol shall also be
informed on daily basis according to protocol developed by WII and NTCA.
There will be a monthly compilation of all sightings and indirect evidences of tigers and leopard
aparts from a yearly report which shall collate and analyze the month-wise data.
The Field Research Cell shall also look into habitat assessment and monitoring and carry out
management interventions to optimize the carrying capacity.
Forest environments are important because they provide critical and difficult to replace habitat
for plant and animal species, as well as serving a number of important hydrological and linkage
functions. Forested habitats, along with wetlands, are also a focus of public and government
agency interest, because they comprise a diminishing component of a rapidly urbanizing
landscape.
To properly assess the functional importance of study area of forest ecosystems, it is important
to apply objective and defensible evaluation criteria and methodologies. To provide a stand-
alone document, evaluation criteria and methodologies are given below :
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Evaluation Criteria
Ecosystem evaluation criteria used to assess forested habitats within PA are presented in Table
given below. The criteria are structured into four main functional groupings–hydrological
functions, forest habitat functions, attributes (or special features), and linkages. For each
functional grouping, a series of indicators is presented, with the exception of linkages where
there is only one indicator. Evaluation criteria associated with each indicator are separated into
categories of low, moderate and high functional performance. A high functional performance
rating means that the indicator is well represented, or expressed. Conversely, a low functional
performance rating is indicative of poor indicator representation. A moderate functional
performance rating conveys an intermediate condition. The following describe each of the
functional group indicators, their associated criteria, and the rationale for selection of the criteria.
Forest Habitat Functional Analysis Criteria
Function Indicator Criteria

Hydro- Erosion Low function Moderate function High function
logical Control
Functions Erosion <25% of forest <25% of forest >50% of forest stand
Control stand occurs on stand occurs on occurs on slope >10%
slope of >10% slope of >10%
Flood Storage/ forest stand <5 forest stand <5 Ha forest stand >20 Ha
Conveyance Ha if mature/ if mature/semi- and substantially
semi-mature, mature, or <20 Ha mature/semi-mature
or <20 Ha if if immature
immature
Ground-water low groundwater low groundwater significant
Discharge discharge discharge groundwater
supplying a supplying a discharge supplying
permanent or permanent or a watercourse or
intermittent intermittent wetland (where
watercourse or watercourse or significant means
wetland (where wetland (where large areal extent
low means low means limited and/or substantive
limited area areal extent and/or permanent flow)
extent and/or low permanent or
low permanent intermittent flow)
or intermittent
flow)
Water Quality permanent permanent permanent
(including watercourse watercourse watercourse
bordered by <30 substantially substantially bordered
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(temperature) m wide buffer bordered by forest by ≥30 m wide buffer
of non-treed habitat, or by ≥30 of forest habitat
vegetation; or, m wide buffer
intermittent of non-treed
watercourse vegetation
bordered by
>10m wide
buffer of treed/
non-treed
vegetation
Forest Size / ≥1ha as one ≥5 ha as one ≥20 ha as one
Habitat Proximity continuous continuous continuous stand
Function stand (including stand (excluding (excluding plantation
plantation plantation forests), forests), or as a
forests), or as or as a complex complex of forest
a complex of of forest stands stands separated from
forest stands separated from one another by gaps
separated from one another by of <30 m;
one another by gaps of <30 m
gaps of <30 m
Community no restrictions ≥2 community ≥5 community stages
Structure/ on community stages or types or types (excluding
Diversity stage or type (excluding plantation forests);
plantation forests)
Maturity no restrictions substantially substantially mature/
provided that mature/semi- semi-mature;
immature to mature or, or, substantially
mature forest is substantially immature if integrated
represented immature, if within or contiguous
integrated within with a forest stand,
or contiguous with or complex of
a forest stand, or forest stands, where
complex of forest high function size/
stands, where proximity criteria
moderate function are met by mature/
size/proximity semi-mature forest
criteria are met communities
by mature/semi-
mature forest
communities
Shape no restrictions no restrictions provides interior
on interior forest on interior forest forest habitat (I.e.,
habitat habitat portions of
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community ≥100 m
from forest edge)
Attributes ESAs / Life not applicable area comprises, area comprises, or
Science ANSIs or is contained is contained within,
within, or or largely within, a
largely within, a designated ESA or
candidate ESA Life Science ANSI
known presence known presence or
or use of the use of the area (other
area (other than accidental or
than accidental occasional transient
or occasional use) by a nationally
Rare Species not applicable
transient use) or provincially rare
by a regionally species of flora or
or locally rare fauna
species of flora or
fauna
Unique or not applicable locally important provincially or
Unusual community regionally important
Vegetation community; or forest
Communities community in which
significant portions
of the entire stand are
≥100 years old
Wetlands forest stand forest stand forest stand associated
associated with associated with with a provincially
any permanent any permanent evaluated wetland; or
wetland, wetland, or a permanent wetland
or wetland wetland complex, of ≥2 ha, as a single
complex, and having a total unit, or as a complex
having a total area of ≥0.5 ha, of units separated by
area of ≥0.1 ha, or man-made not more than 750
or man-made extensively m from one another,
extensively naturalized excluding man-man
naturalized systems ≥2 ha systems
system ≥0.5 ha
Significant not applicable area contains area contains
Wildlife locally important provincially or
Habitat wildlife staging, regionally important
breeding, rearing, wildlife staging,
or overwintering breeding, rearing, or
habitat overwintering habitat
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Naturalness( no restrictions level of human level of human distur-
Level of on level of disturbance<25% bance<10% of
Human human of forest stand forest stand area (i.e.
Disturbance) disturbance area (i.e. cattle cattle grazing, refuse
grazing, refuse dumping, high per-
dumping, high centage of non-native
percentage of herbaceous/shrub
non-native her- flora -excluding edge
baceous/shrub effects, recent or
flora-excluding active silvi- culture,
edge effects etc.) etc.)
Linkages Linkage / limited riparian/ moderate riparian/ significant riverine
Dispersal aquatic linkage aquatic linkage riparian/aquatic
Corridor (intermittent (permanent flow); linkage; or, terrestrial
flow); or, lesser or, terrestrial corridor linkage to
terrestrial corridor linkage to mature/semi-mature
corridors other natural areas forested areas and/
(e.g., major and/or significant or significant wildlife
hedgerows); or wildlife habitats, habitats-corridor
isolated woodlot presence of some width ≥3X height
woody species of forest canopy,
for wildlife cover, to provide passage
ratio of forest gaps for wildlife, ratio of
to overall corridor forest gaps to overall
width is moderate corridor width is low
to high
9.4 Spatial Database Development.

A key component of creating a reliable, long term monitoring program is the development of
means of storing and analyzing data. Develop a spatially explicit database in a standardized
format that will provide relatively easy access for analysis. Develop a database in Microsoft
Access linked to ArcInfo (GIS software designed by ESRI) that contains all data collected
by fieldworkers on every tiger track and individual, tiger deaths, route information (ungulate
densities are reported by route), and count unit. The first two years of the program will spend
in developing the database, and creating the spatial data that coincides with the attribute data.
Each count unit is defined by a series of “coverage’s” that includes: boundaries of count unit
(and boundaries of protected areas), the river system, for most count units a forest cover map,
location of survey routes, tiger tracks (coded by sex and age when possible) location of females
with cubs, and sites of mortality.
9.5 Analysis and Reporting Framework
Analysis and Reporting Frame Work will be done according to the Guidelines and Directives
of NTCA.
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CHAPTER– 10
PROTECTION AND INTELLIGENCE

GATHERING
10.1. The Tiger Cell
Under the Tiger Cell, the intelligence gathering mechanism which has presently been developed
shall be closely monitored by the Field Director. The Cell shall cover the tiger reserve and the
surrounding districts/ divisions.
The Cell has to be entrusted with the responsibility of gathering information relating to offenders
and to establish an intelligence network and monitor the progress of pending court cases related
to wildlife offences. The Cell should also collaborate with the local NGOs, police department
and informers for achieving the above objectives.
10.2. The Strike Force
Currently, no operational strike force exists in the reserve. The presence of Naxalite insurgency
in the reserve has complicated the situation. Although Central and State paramilitary forces
such as Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and COBRA battalions are present with nearly
3000- 5000 personnel across the reserve, they are not involved in anti-poaching/ forest offences
prevention activities.
In light of this, after due consideration of pros and cons, either of the following steps may be
taken to appoint a strike force under the direct control of the Field Director:
The Strike Force is not operational because suitable ex-army personal could not be found and
appointed. Only 4 ex-army persons are working at present.
In compliance of the order of the Hon’ble High Court Jharkhand passed in W.P. (PIL) No.
1107/07, constitution of strike force is under progress. The sanctions for creation of posts have
been obtained from govt. of Jharkhand. The force will consist of Sub-inspector, Assistant sub
inspector, Head constable/ Havildar (recruited from local Ex- Army Men), Army Men, Cook,
Driver etc. (Annexure-XIII).
It is proposed that local tribal youths will be employed as strike force. The strike force will be
placed and stationed at Chhipadohar, Garu, Barwadih and Baresanr. Necessary infrastructure
and vehicles will be obtained.
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10.3. Effective Protection & Communication
The Palamau Tiger Reserve is vulnerable to illicit grazing, felling of trees as well as poaching
which necessitates all round surveillance. The following measures have been proposed to be
undertaken:
• Establishment of anti- poaching camps at sensitive locations inside the reserve.

• Mobile anti- poaching camps on the lines practiced in Nagarjuna Sagar Srisailam
Tiger Reserve, Andhra Pradesh.
• Additional forest staff should be recruited immediately to boost the protection
mechanism of the PA.
• Control rooms of range offices and camps should maintain wildlife sighting records.
• Regular training camps should be organized for grass root forest staffs for effective
patrolling and maintaining records of animal sightings systematically.
• 4 x 4 vehicles shall be provided in all ranges and reserve vehicle and men should be
available at range offices to meet emergency.
• All protection infrastructures must be maintained and replenished when necessary.
• Promote extension and public education to improve public understanding and elicit
their support for tiger conservation.
• Strengthen anti-poaching activities to mitigate the killing of tigers and their prey
animals.
• The steps to be taken for protection have been mentioned in detail in the security plan
in this chapter.
10.4. Fire Protection
The strategy for forest fire management has been dealt in detail under the theme plan in
chapter 7.
10.5. Intelligence gathering and Coordination
Gathering of actionable intelligence on plans and movements of potential poachers and illegal
wildlife traders is an important tool for the prevention of wildlife crime and to apprehend the
poachers once the crime has been committed. Following steps have been proposed:
• Maintenance of regular source of intelligence by the Field Director, Divisional Forest

Officer and Range Forest Officers with focus on notorious localities.
• Close collaboration with Police.
• Assistance from NGOs, Wildlife enthusiasts and local people.
• Provision of suitable rewards to the informers.
• Special patrolling methodology to be used by the field staff so that their movement
and secrecy matches that of a poacher.
• Professional criminal prosecutors and trained foresters will be engaged to expedite
forest and wildlife cases in the courts.
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• Soliciting support from villages through promotion of eco-development activities in
villages.
• List of persons with criminal track record and those known to have been involved in
poaching shall be prepared and regularly updated at the Range level.
• Secret information cell shall be maintained at the Field Director office.
Strategy for Protection and Communication- Security plan for the reserve is as under:
Based on the incidents of illegal felling/ death of wild animals/ forest fire/ encroachment, it has
been found that:-
• There has been regular poaching incidents of spotted deer.

• Occasionally wild boar and leopards have been killed.
• Very few incidents of killing of gaur and hyena have been reported in the past.
• There has been incidents of death of elephants but most of the deaths have been
reported due to disease etc.
• There are reports of illegal felling of trees but the numbers of the cases reported are
very few in comparison to the actual incidents. The reason for under reporting may be
due to lack of frontline staff for last many years and non availability of information
from the inaccessible area. The responsibility of protection is on the daily wage staff
who have no accountability.
• The felling of the trees is more in respect of valuable trees like teak, bija etc. But
sal and other timber species are also felled for local use and for use in markets of
Daltonganj, Barwadih, Mahuadanr, Garu etc.
• Villagers also cut and remove the trees, poles for their bona fide use.
• There is lot of pressure for firewood on the forests from local villagers for their use
as well as sale in the local markets. The effect of felling of trees for firewood is quite
visible in the forests adjoining the villages.
• There are some incidents of encroachments also.
• Grazing is a major problem in Palamau Tiger Reserve, despite ban on the grazing in
Critical Tiger Habitat (CTH), it is going on unabated. The grazing in buffer is more
intense in comparison to core area.
• Fire is a major problem to the wild life and vegetation of Palamau. The area is dry
and the summer temperature reaches up to 500 C which makes these areas vulnerable
to fire.
• The grasslands and bamboo are more susceptible to fire which aggravates the problem
of scarcity of fodder for wild animals.
• The fire incidents are mainly man made caused by NTFP collectors, particularly
for collection of Mahua flower, honey collection, etc. The fire for hunting of wild
animals can’t be ruled out.
• There are deleterious effects of fire on vegetation, soil, regeneration which has been
described in the literature.
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• The incidents of man– animal conflict e.g. killing/ injuring of cattle by tiger and
leopard, killing/ injuring elephants, bears etc. are regular for which every year lakhs
of rupees are paid as compensation.
• There had been incidents of death of wild animals due to Foot & Mouth Disease
(FMD). But recently there are no such incidents. But many deaths of elephants
particularly are not properly diagnosed due to non availability of experienced
veterinary staff with the Reserve or locally. The facilities for diagnosis are also not
available.
• All sorts of pressure on the forest in the form of felling, encroachment, fire, death of
animals, man-animal conflict are due to increase in population in the villages around
the Reserve and driven by consumerism.
The management of the Project Tiger is ill-equipped to tackle the pressure on the reserve
due to following reasons:-
• Left Wing Extremism (LWE) prevalent in the area. This has resulted in more than
60% of very good forests becoming inaccessible to the management of the reserve.
• General law and order situation is also not very good.
• Scarcity of staff and what ever are left are away from the area of their jurisdiction.
The staff is not motivated and disheartened due to numerous past incidents of attack
on their lives and property of the department.
• Most of the staff is on the verge of retirement.
• The department works in isolation in the matter related to forest protection.
WAY FORWARD:-
Strengthening of infrastructure
• The evaluation of the security aspect and various drivers of changes in the forest
composition and diminishing population of wildlife needs to be done.
• Areas prone to felling, collection of NTFP, encroachment, poaching, forest fires,
grazing need to be shown on the map and put in GIS domain.
• Regular staff needs to be provided by recruitment.
• The staff may be stationed at Beat Headquarter/ patrolling camps.
• Each patrolling party may be given cycles for their movement and at least two jeeps
may be provided at Range HQ. All the Beat Officer may be given Motor Cycles. A
truck may be kept at Range Office to bring seized materials. The jeeps may be fitted
with wireless or facility of mobile may be given to all the staff along with a GPS at
Beat level/ Patrolling Chowki level.
• All the wireless stations may be kept in readiness.
• The Range Office may be given desktops and internet connectivity for fast
communication.
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• The local EDCs may be activated and the villages where EDCs have not been formed,
EDCs may be formed there.
• To maintain a continuous rapport with EDCs, developmental works may be carried out
in their villages, and the funds may be given under the umbrella of eco-development
fund, so that the villagers realize that the development activities are in lieu of their
contribution to the conservation and protection of the reserve.
The strategy for the protection of forests and wildlife will be as under:-
Protection against illegal felling/ transportation and poaching
• Mapping of areas vulnerable to felling.

• Deployment of man power near such areas either in Beat / Patrolling Chowkis.
• Regular patrolling on foot/ vehicle and weekly evaluation of effectiveness and
modification required.
• Seasonal patrolling like monsoon patrolling when many areas become inaccessible.
• Intelligence gathering.
• Patrolling by Tiger Protection Force (TPF)
• Checking of waterholes.
• Checking of traps, snares, electrocution
• Special patrolling during festivals
• Engagement of local people for patrolling
• Maintenance of daily records patrolling and recording of observations, their analysis
on weekly/ monthly basis.
Protection against transport of illegal timber & wildlife products:-
• Regular raids on Railway stations, Hats and checking of the vehicles at Nakas.
• Coordinating such raids with railways, local police
• Getting the Magistrate deputed for such raids when ever required.
• Maintenance of crime dossier of criminals and sharing them with other territorial
divisions for their updating.
Effective Communication Mechanism:-
• Regular flow of information from tracker/field staff to FRO / DFO / Field Director
through wireless
• Systematic recording of animal sighting and their movement on the maps
• Information about crop raiding kills etc to be sent regularly and immediately
• Analysis of the patrolling data and making strategy accordingly for protection
• Proper maintenance of important roads for patrolling.
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Control of Encroachment
• On foot patrolling to be emphasized for detection of encroachment.

• Regular checking of boundary pillars to be carried out in the areas vulnerable to
encroachment.
• Encroachment case pending in the courts to be pursued properly.
• Encroachment to be removed as per provisions of the Wildlife Protection Act.
Control of forest fires
• For preventive measures, fire tracing to be done before commencement of fire season.
• Fire line to be cut and burnt before fire seasons begins.
• Fire prone areas to be identified and the deployment of manpower to be made near
such areas.
• Local villagers/ EDC members to be engaged for fire protection.
• Mobiles or wireless communication system to be used for fast communication.
• Pamphlets to appeal the villagers to help in fire protection to be circulated.
• Vehicles for movement of manpower to visit the area of fire incidents to be kept
ready at Range HQ
• Fire alerts system of FSI, Dehradun to be used regularly.
• A Fire Cell at Field Director’s office to be made operative for exchange of information.
• Fire watch towers to be used for monitoring of fire incidents.
Control of grazing
• EDCs to be involved to minimize grazing, they may be provided alternate livelihood

opportunities so that they may switch over to rearing of eco-productive cattle to
start trading or other employment activities.
Active Measures
• A daily schedule of patrolling keeping in mind the vulnerability of the area from
protection point of view.
• Maintenance of a monitoring/ daily observation register in patrolling camps with
regular supervision schedule for field officers and provision of surprise check by
senior officers.
• Maintenance of a record of local village level market days in the peripheral areas
and deployment of staff in civil clothing to keep track of any untoward incident/
transaction relating to wildlife.
• Maintenance of a list of vehicles passing through operated barriers.
• Creation of a monitoring system for collation of information regarding livestock
depredation / human injury / loss of human life/ large-scale crop depredation by wild
animals.
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• In areas where more than three incidents of livestock depredation are reported within
a fortnight, continuous monitoring based on field evidences must be done.
• To organize monthly meetings with Superintendent of Police and periodic meetings
with the District Judge to expedite the disposal of pending cases relating to wildlife
offences.
• The area should be constantly monitored to ascertain the presence of gangs of
poachers who disguise as roadside Hakeems (Pardhi) and wandering pastoral people,
keeping an inventory of their temporary settlements.
• Maintenance of a village level crime register at the EDC level to keep track of
villagers involved in wildlife offences.
• Maintenance of a dossier of habitual/ incorrigible offenders.
• Identifying local persons and imparting them the basics of wildlife crime detection
to avail their services as informers.
• Preparation of a monthly crime map indicating the locations of each crime with date.
• Laying out pressure impression pads near water points in villages to ascertain the
presence of carnivores in the area.
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CHAPTER – 11
ECOTOURISM AND
INTERPRETATION
No ecotourism activities are allowed in the core area. These activities will remain confined
to Buffer Area.
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CHAPTER – 12
MISCELLANEOUS ISSUES
12.1 Housekeeping of Departmental Elephants
No elephants are kept in Core Area. However two elephants have been kept at Betla for tourism
purpose in Buffer Area.
12.2 Wildlife Health Monitoring
While no intensive measures shall be taken to unduly intervene with veterinary measures for
wild animals, thereby interfering with the natural law of ‘survival of the fittest’, some basic
measures shall be practiced to monitor overall wildlife health in the reserve and to provide
veterinary care to injured/ rescued/ conflict/ epidemic- affected wild animals. Following
measures shall be taken:
• A resident veterinarian, trained and experienced in wildlife veterinary, shall be posted

in the reserve.
• Animal husbandry department to be approached to supply information related to
outbreak of diseases like Anthrax, FMD and areas affected by these diseases in the
past. The information will be updated. The areas of Reserve adjacent to these villages
should be focused for spread of epidemic.
• Mass inoculation programs shall be carried out for village livestock to prevent
epidemics of anthrax, FMD, etc. that could spread to wild ungulates.
• Inoculation of village dogs against rabies and canine distemper which are known to
spread to carnivores be carried out and if possible, the dogs will not be allowed to
enter into core area.
• Scat/dung samples, water samples, wildlife mortalities, etc. shall be regularly
monitored for signs of any epidemics.
• Rescued/ conflict- affected wild animals shall be treated at a rescue facility that may
be developed at Betla.
• Ungulates housed in in-situ breeding facilities and soft-release enclosures shall be
monitored for disease and health.
12.3. Mortality Survey
Beat guards shall be asked to collect data about mortality of any wildlife they encounter. They
will report weekly the mortality of any wildlife to the Range Officer. The Range Officer will
submit the report of mortality monthly to the DFO. This data will be collated and put together
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by a Field Biologist and later analyzed. Any mass death of wildlife is to be immediately reported
and inspected by veterinary institutions. Periodically the suspected death of wild animals should
be analyzed for presence of any disease, which may be epidemic in nature. The blood samples,
stool and visra should be sent Wildlife Institute of India (WII)/ IVRI, Bareilly.
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CHAPTER – 13
ORGANIZATION,
ADMINISTRATION AND BUDGET
13.1 Steering Committee
The Govt. of Jharkhand vide Notification No WL - 06/2007- 4999 dated 14-09-2015 has
constituted Steering Committee as per the provisions of section 38U Wildlife (Protection) Act,
1972 (amended 2006). The steering committee will ensure coordination, monitoring, protection
and conservation of tiger, co-predators within the tiger range state.
The other committees at state and district level may also be constituted to initiate and monitor
process of relocation of the villages from CTH.
State Level Committee
1. Chief Secretary of the State: Chairman.
2. Secretaries of related departments: Members.
3. Chief Wildlife Warden (assisted by Field Director): Member Secretary.
District Level Committee
1. District Collector - Chairman
2. Divisional Forest Officer (Buffer Area,
Palamau Tiger Reserve): CEO/Member Secretary
3. Representative officials from PWD, Social Welfare, Tribal Welfare Department,
Health Department, Agriculture Department, Education Department, Power and
Irrigation Departments, etc.: Members
4. Representatives of various members of government & private production sectors.
13.2 Tiger Conservation Foundation
The Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 2006, (Section 38X) provides for establishment of
a Tiger Conservation Foundation in each tiger reserve, to facilitate and support management,
apart from taking initiatives for involving people in conservation. The Foundation is a new
institutional framework which can implement the tiger reserve management plan and liaison
with various eco-development committees and their confederations apart from production
sectors in the landscape.
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Tiger Conservation Foundation and its bylaws have been notified by Govt. of Jharkhand vide
notification no.– 274 dated-20.01.2014 and 275 dated 20.01.2014 as a trust as mentioned above.
The trust has been registered vide deed no.-1633/20/2014 dated 03.03.2014 by Registrar,
Palamau (Registration Department, Jharkhand) (Annexure-XIV).
13.3 Coordination with Line Agencies/ Departments

Tiger conservation concerns are deeply interlinked with all developmental / other activities in
the district and across the larger tiger landscape. Also, wildlife and forest offenders have inter-
district, inter-state linkages. Inter-agency coordination is extremely important for effectiveness
of any conservation and protection measures. A live coordination among General Administration,
Police, Railways, intelligence wings, Revenue, Tribal Welfare Department, PWD, and Irrigation
Department etc. shall help the reserve management to take holistic and effective steps in favor
of tiger conservation. The existing level of coordination shall be developed and improved to
achieve the objectives of tiger conservation.
13.4. Staff Deployment

It has been mentioned in Chapter- 7, Para- 7.2.2 under theme plan- staff deployment of
Palamau Tiger Reserve.
13.5. Fund Raising Strategies
Funds shall be raised under the Tiger Conservation Foundation as per provisions and guidelines
issued by the Government of Jharkhand, NTCA and Government of India. At present funds are
entirely dependent on Central and State allocations through the following sources:
Details of Funds received during Last 5 Financial Year (in Lakhs)
Name of Plan 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013- 14 2014- 15

State Plan 254.31 269.788 123.972 129.324 198.917
C.S.S 210.375 226.939 197.524 352.375 141.701
CAMPA 400.00 97.996 318.96 237.661 542.901
Total 864.685 594.723 640.456 719.035 883.519
Table- 25: Funds received during last 5 financial years

The Govt. of Jharkhand vide notification in respect of Tiger Foundation of Palamau Tiger
Reserve has decided that the revenue generated by the Palamau Tiger Reserve from different
sources will be deposited in the account of Tiger Conservation Foundation. As on today the
foundation has the funds to the tune of Rs 40,98,721.00.
13.6. Schedule of Operations
The annual activities for Palamau Tiger Reserve for the financial year 2014- 15 has been
approved vide order No. 4-1(16)/2014 P.T. Dated 09/ 12/ 2014.
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13.7. Activities budget
The different activities proposed under the plan for core area during the plan period are included
in Annexure- XV.
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CHAPTER – 14
MONITORING AND EVALUATION

14.1. Criteria
Independent monitoring of the Palamau Tiger Reserve shall be carried out by using parameters
developed by a panel of experts, based on an IUCN format. The monitoring reports shall be
peer reviewed by the NTCA and placed before the Parliament. This process will be continued
till further refinement. It shall broadly focus on the following:
• Wildlife Estimation (Population trends & changes).
• Habitat Monitoring (Wildlife distribution, vegetation changes, weed invasion).
• Monitoring of Wildlife Health & Diseases (Nasality, mortality & survival).
• Monitoring of Effectiveness of Protection Measures (Number of offence cases &
their disposal, incidences of fire outbreak, timber felling, poaching, encounters with
staff, etc.).
14.2. Process
14.2.1. Monitoring of Wildlife Population
This shall be carried out according to the guidelines prescribed by the NTCA.
14.2.2. Monitoring of Vegetation
Changes in vegetation due to anthropogenic pressures, illegal felling, fires, grazing of livestock,
collection of NTFP, spread of exotic invasive species as well as habitat management practices
will be monitored as per process mentioned in chapter- 8, Para- 8.3.
Summer fires during the season for collecting mahua fruit and kendu (tendu) leaves are a serious
by wildlife and result in gradual reduction in ‘percentage use’ of the habitat and subsequent
disuse.
Fire protection measures have been in practice for a very long period in Palamau. Fire-watch
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to control fire.
• Range wise fire line register should be maintained with regular inspection note from
authorized officers at predetermined intervals. Accurate and detailed report of forest
fire should be maintained for planning of prevention, detection and suppression of
forest fires.
• Erection of new fire observation towers and maintenance of the existing ones,
should be done depending on the canopy height and canopy spread, to provide
maximum unobstructed view. The design should provide convenience and safety
to the observer, against, criminals and poachers, lightening, falling trees and high
winds rains. Design and construction of watchtowers should be standardized. Safety,
Security and comforts of the staff operating the fire watchtowers should be given
adequate importance.
• Watchtowers should be manned round the clock especially during fire season and
equipped with mobile and wireless, for effective communication.
• Existing fire lines should be maintained and control burnt by January, i.e. before the
dry season sets in.
• The need of new fire lines should be worked out. The principle to be followed is
to break up the area into fire control units, depending upon the topography of the
sanctuary.
• During the dry period, patrolling paths, natural trails etc., which also act as fire lines,
should be similarly maintained.
• Counter firing is adopted, if the fire is so fierce that fire-fighting squad cannot stand
near the head to beat it out. Deliberate burning of fire in the opposite direction of
the advancing fire from a clear burnt fire trace is done so that on meeting together
these fires get extinguished as there will only be burnt strips left in the front of
them without any combustible material. Topography, direction of wind, speed of
advancing fire, availability of labor etc. should be taken into account for the effective
implementation of counter firing.
Fire-fighting equipment shall be provided. Tools for fire lighting like, pulaski, brush hook,
double bit axes, power chain saws, raker etc. should be available in the nearest beat or Range
office in sufficient numbers to meet such emergency. The help of the local people/ EDCs will
be taken in forest fire protection.
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BUFFER AREA

SITUATION
CHAPTER – 1

The Buffer Area of the Palamau Tiger Reserve has been delineated and duly notified by the
Government of Jharkhand vide notification no. WILDLIFE-05/2012-2911 dated 14.07.2012.
The buffer area spreads over 715.85 km2.
1.1 Name, Location, Constitution & Extent
1.1.1 Name
Buffer Area or Peripheral Area of Palamau Tiger Reserve.
1.1.2 Location
The buffer area of Palamau Tiger Reserve is situated between latitudes 23º24’40” N to 23º
56’58”N and longitudes 83º 51’55”E and 84º25’16” E.
The buffer encompasses the Core/ Critical Tiger Habitat and is surrounded by forest of Latehar
on eastern side, Medininagar Forest Division on northern side, Garhwa South Forest Division
and forests of Chhattisgarh on west and southern side.
1.1.3 Constitution
The buffer area of the Palamau Tiger Reserve has been delineated and duly notified by the
Government of Jharkhand vide notification no. WILDLIFE-05/2012-2911 dated 14.07.2012
(Annexure- XVI).
1.1.4 Extent
The buffer area spreads over 715.85 km2 comprising of 149.46 km2 Reserve Forests and
Protected Forests, which are not part of the Sanctuary or National Park area; 553.11 km2 of the
Palamau Wildlife Sanctuary and 12.78 km2 of the Betla National Park.
The majority of the Reserve Forests of buffer area were constituted in 1877 under the Indian
Forest Act, 1863 but they were ratified in 1879 under the Indian Forests Act of 1878.Protected
Forests (old) were earlier notified under section 20 of the Indian Forest Act, 1878.All other
forests were later notified as Reserve Forests under section 20 of the Indian Forest Act, 1927
vide notification No. SO. 2688 dated 6th month 1978 by the State Govt. of Bihar. Khalsa Reserve
Forests were notified as Reserve Forests vide notification No. 6661 – III –F – 339 – 1949 dated
7.11.1949 and No.SO.100 dated 18.01.1978 (Annexure- XVII).
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Map- 19: Buffer area of Palamau Tiger Reserve
1.2 Approach & Access
The nearest railhead is Daltonganj, which is about 25 km from Betla. The other railheads in PTR
are Barwadih, Chhipadohar, Hehegarha and Kumandih. In the Northern side of the Reserve,
Daltonganj- Ranchi National Highway- 75 passes along the periphery of the reserve. The State
Highway- 9 passes and dissects the reserve and connects Daltonganj to Betla, Chhipadohar,
Garu, Baresanr, Mahuadanr and Netarhat etc. The nearest airport is Birsa Munda Airport,
Ranchi which is about 165 km from Daltonganj and about 180 km. from Betla.
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Map- 20: Administrative Map of Project Tiger Reserve
1.3 Statement of Significance
The following are the major significance of Buffer area which become very important for
protection of real core area:
• Cushion to Core: It forms as Cushion around core for all biotic and anthropogenic
factors.
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• Rich biodiversity: The richness of biodiversity is similar to core because of various
composition of niches and habitats. The Buffer has almost all representation of
wildlife found in core.
• Habitat: The habitats are varied in the buffer. The north- west area comprising the
open forest of Kutku, Mandal, Barwadih (West) has good composition of grasses,
herbs, shrubs and palatable species of trees. The herbivore and gallinaceous (ground
living) birds prefer this area. The northern part consisting of Barwadih (West) and
part of Garhwa and Medininagar South Forest Divisions has also tiger movement.
The eastern part is contiguous with Latehar Forest Division which is mixed dry
deciduous and has very rich wildlife presence including tiger. The western part of
buffer has hills and valleys forming a very good habitat for wildlife. So, buffer has a
very good habitat composition to sustain wildlife spilling from core.
• Water resource: The buffer of PTR forms the major catchments of river Burha,
Satnadia, Pachnadiya, Jawa, Auranga and North Koel. Thus it forms a network of
streams with several aquifers which sustain during summer also. It becomes the
major water source for the core area.
• The buffer has large number of natural spots which attracts tourists. All major tourist
places are situated in the buffer area only. Such as Kechki confluence, Auranga Picnic
spot, Betla tourist zone including Palamau Fort, Garu- Koel river side, Mirchaiya
Fall, Maromar, Suggabandh, Lodh Fall (highest in Jharkhand), Netarhat, Lower and
Upper Ghagri Fall, Sarwat Hill (Highest peak of PTR), Tatha Pani (hot water stream)
etc. It has several trekking routes, bird watching centers and many other attractions
for tourists.
Photo- 18: Sugabandh and Palamau Fort

1.4 Geology, Rock and Soil
1.4.1 Geology
The buffer of Palamau Tiger Reserve has the following composition of geology:
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1. Laterite: This composition is found nearer to Netarhat and around Mohnatoli. It is
caenozoic in origin.
2. Sandstone shale and coal: This Gondwana formation is represented around Jobey-
Amawatikar, Rol, Piri and Hutar coal deposit near Barwadih.
3. Granite: The granite composition of Archean origin is represented in part of Madgari
in Kutku Range.
4. Granite Gneiss: The major part of Kutku Range is formed by granite gneiss of
Archian origin, the major part of buffer is also of this kind.
Map- 21: Geological Map of PTR
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1.4.2 Rock and Soil:
Petrological Groups: - The general characteristics of these petrological groups of soils may be
briefly described as follows:
• Group- I: A very homogeneous rock formation occurring on plateau and hill above
1,000 Meter in elevation. The laterite consist of altered trap (or sandstone) while
beneath the laterite cap lies granitoid gneiss which uniformly caps the hills. The soil
is a typical high level laterite clay or clayey loam. In general, except on gentle slopes
it is very shallow. This group is relatively unimportant as it is inaccessible.
• Group- II: As a rule this group is represented on hill of regular outline and sharply
defined ridges which fall away in both sides of steep gradients, but where felspathic
granite constitutes the main rock (e.g. on slopes below Netarhat plateau) the
configuration of the hill is less regular. The group is represented on some of the
highest hill range where there is no laterite or just below the laterite. The group is
also represented in certain plain forests e.g. around Chhipadohar. The range in the
character of the soil typical of the group is fairly considerable but typical feature
is that they contain quartz pebbles. The soil superficially gives the appearance of a
sandy loam but it is more truly a loam mixed with quartz pebbles and with sand in the
surface layers. Except in valleys and on uneroded plains. The soil in fairly shallow.
• Group- III: This is heterogeneous group, the constituent rock of which requires
further study. The group occupies hilly ground but it is never found on the upper
slopes of the highest hills which are invariably group I or II. It is well represented on
the lower slope of the Kari- Henar valley. The soil is somewhat coarse sandy loam
which on hill slope is usually shallow but deep pockets occur. In valley in attains a
considerable depth.
• Group- IV: A Heterogeneous group of restricted distribution which merges into
group- III. It occupies low broken hilly ground. The soil is a coarse sandy calcareous
loam which is usually fairly shallow but deep pockets occur which grow large sized
timber. The soil attains a fair depth in the valleys.
• Group-V: The group really consists of two sub- groups in one Mahadeva sandstones
are dominant and in the other Barakar sandstones. The Talchir formation also
occurs only as a narrow fringe. The difference between the Mahadeva and Barakar
sandstones is that the moisture content of the former is much higher and this has its
influence on the flora. This group is typically represented by low hills with definite
scarps. This soil is typically a shallow sandy loam or loam which becomes more
clayey when shale is present. This group is of low value from the point of view of
timber production.
• Group-VI: This group is limited to the flat valley of North Koel river and streams.
The soil is sandy loam or loam of considerable depth. The group contains the more
fertile soil of the reserve but it is of very restricted extent.
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Map- 22: - Soil Map of Palamau Tiger Reserve
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1.4.3 Terrain:
The terrain of Buffer is highly undulating with spurs, hills, valleys and plateau. The elevation
varies between 200 m to 1700 m. The major hills are Sarwat, Netarhat, Orsa, Huluk, Barichattan,
Aksi etc. These major hills along with smaller hills form valleys and gorges in the buffer. This
also forms plateau at Netarhat, Orsa, Madgari and various drainages for streams. This type of
terrain forms different trophic niches for varieties of biodiversity as habitat. The northern part
of buffer gradually decreases in elevation and thereby changes habitat types and ecology. The
southern part faces frost whereas northern part experiences extreme summer wind called ‘loo’.
The buffer and surrounding areas fall under rain- shadow and the forest composition of buffer
controls the ecology and climatic change factors of the region.
The buffer consisting of Betla Range has pediment inselberg complex and rest are mostly
residual hills. The major part of buffer particularly Kumandih, Amwatikar, Mahuadanr,
Netarhat, Madgari, Kutku have pediplain moderately weathered rock. The major part of Kutku
range, Chhipadohar West Range has pediplain dissected. The structural hills are located in
Chhipadohar West and East Ranges.
Map- 23: Geomorphological map of PTR
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1.5 Hydrology and Water Resources
1.5.1 River and streams:
Palamau Tiger reserve falls under drought- prone area. It receives less rainfall in northern part.
However the southern part has several hills and valleys forming drainages for three perennial
rivers in buffer area.
Map- 24: Major river pattern of Palamau Tiger Reserve

The eastern part is bounded by Auranga River; the western side has Burha River but major river
North Koel cuts across the south to north and forms the external boundary of buffer area in the
north. All major streams and rivers are tributaries of River North Koel in buffer area. The major
streams are Aksi, Pandra, Kohborwa, Surkumi, Kotam, Chopat, Chipru, Jawa, Charu etc. A
large number of aquifers locally called ‘Chuan’ are found particularly in south- western part of
buffer. A sulfur hot spring called ‘Tatha Pani’ is found near Barwadih.
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1.5.2 Climate
The area experiences tropical climate with extreme summers and cold winters. The altitudinal
variation in the buffer ranges from 200m to 1700m above MSL. The buffer lies in the Deccan
Plateau of the Chhotanagpur Plateau (6D) Biogeographic zone. The climate here can be
classified into four distinct seasons:
1. Winter: Mid-November to mid-February
2. Summer: Mid-February to mid-June
3. Rains: Mid-June to mid-September
4. Autumn: Mid-September to mid-November
Winters in buffer are usually quite cold, particularly at night, and the occurrence of frost is
noticed in late December and early January. The frost has been noted to scorch grasses and even
young seedlings of trees. Such occurrence could be seen in Netarhat, Mahuadanr, Maromar and
Rud Valleys.
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Year/ Month
Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min.
January 24.6 1.5 25.8 1.2 25 1 22.6 1.3 23 1.1
February 31.8 2.7 30.6 1.9 25.7 1.5 27.1 2.9 25 2.6
March 37 3.8 36.5 3.5 28 2.9 33 4 32 4.2
April 40.6 7.5 40.7 6.7 36.8 4.5 39.4 6.6 38.2 6.6
May 43.9 9.9 45.5 10.1 39.5 7 42 8.9 42.6 8.4
June 43.9 12.1 41.3 13 41.6 10.2 37.5 11.6 38 7.2
July 33.7 13.6 32.7 13.5 32.6 9.6 32.9 10.5 33 6.5
August 34.1 10.8 32 11.9 32.5 8.2 30.9 8.3 32 6.2
September 35.2 6.6 33.6 6.9 34 6.8 35 6.2 36 5.8
October 33.4 4.1 31.2 4.6 33 4.4 32 4.9 31.2 4.1
November 33.5 3.7 33.5 3.2 30.2 2.3 31.5 2.3 30.5 2.3
December 28.1 2.1 30.3 1.9 29 1.9 28 1.9 24 1.9
Table- 26: Average Temperature (in oC) of Buffer area (maximum point- Kechki
& minimum point- Netarhat)
Winter temperatures can sometimes dip to 1º - 2º C in valleys in the southern part of buffer. The
summer season is very hot and dry from late April to early June. At time, temperature can reach
46º C in the northern portion of the reserve. The southern areas, being at higher altitudes and
with denser forest cover, are comparatively moderate in summer.
Most of the precipitation received by the region is limited to rainfall from the southwest
monsoon in the months of mid-June to September. The retreating monsoon has little effect on
the region. Rainfall is higher in the southern portions of the reserve than in its northern portion.
Mean annual rainfall is estimated at 1075 mm. Periodic droughts have been noticed, repeating
roughly once in every five years. These can be severe and the worst, such droughts have been
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recorded in 1967 and 1993. Most of waterholes dry up during this time and it is a pinch period
for the reserve’s wildlife. Annual mean rainfall (in mm) has been shown in table below:
Year/ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Months
2010 0 0 0 0 3 159.9 311.2 462.6 59 54.5 26.4 9
2011 82.2 16 0 1.6 42.1 98.2 177.1 125.5 186.8 77.8 15.1 0
2012 0 0 5 0 19 117.1 401.5 205.2 71.2 38.5 0 0
2013 0 0 6 1 22 122.2 430 199.6 75 44 0 0
2014 0 0 0 2 15 150 230 130 60 32 0 0
Table- 27: Annual mean rainfall (in mm) in Palamau Tiger Reserve
Graph- 15: Average Temperature of Palamau Tiger Reserve in last 5 years
Graph- 16: Annual mean rainfall in Palamau Tiger Reserve in last 5 years
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1.5.3 Humidity
The area is dry and humidity is very low during the months from March to early May. The
humidity in the mornings is higher than that in the evenings throughout the year. Depending
upon the season relative humidity in the mornings ranges from 68% to 83% where as it is 25%
to 75% in the evenings. Humidity becomes intolerably high towards the end of the hot weather
season and prior to the full advent of the monsoon,
1.5.4 Wind
Hot winds blow during day, roughly between 0900 hrs and 1700 hrs in the months of April and
May. These have a severe effect on forest fires. These winds are locally known as the “loo”
across northern India. The ‘loo’ is more intense in the northern part of the reserve than in its
southern parts. Strong monsoonal winds are noticed towards the end of summer.
The area falls under drought prone. The severe drought in every 10 and minor drought in 3- 5
years are noticed. The northern part faces acute water scarcity during summer.
1.5.5 Ground water
The ground water prospect of buffer area varies from south to north. The limited prospect
of ground water is identified in Netarhat, Mahuadanr, around Baresanr, Kumandih, Rol, Piri,
Saidup, some Barwadih area and Madgari. This limited prospect is also occurring in the fringes
of northern side including part of Betla. The yield of ground water from 100- 200 LPM at the
depth of 32m to 80m is estimated along the river side of North Koel. The yields of ground water
from 10- 100 LPM at the depth from 30- 80m is estimated in other areas of buffer.
Map- 25: Ground water prospect of PTR
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There are 224 waterholes spread over buffer area. Most of the waterholes dry during summer
season except aquifers. The aquifers are more in southern part. Betla, Barwadih, Kumandih,
Madgari and Kutku areas suffer acute water crisis during summer.
S. No Range No. of waterholes

1 Betla 23
2 Kutku 23
3 Chhipadohar West 15
4 Chhipadohar East 32
5 Garu E 30
6 Garu W 75
7 Baresanr 26
Total 224
Table- 28: Range wise distribution of waterholes
Map- 26: Major waterholes and dams Map- 27: Drainage Map
There are 13 no. of dams in buffer to cater the needs of wildlife which are given below-
Sl. No. Name Location Earthen/ Pucca

1 Kamaldah Betla Comp.-1 Earthen
2 Khairahi Betla Comp.-2 Earthen
3 Balahi Kusum Betla Comp.-1 Earthen
4 Madhuchuan Betla Comp.-2 Earthen
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5 Nunahi Betla Comp.-2 Earthen
6 Kumandih-4 Masonry
Kumandih Comp.-4
7 Karwahi Earthen
8 Thakurai Turer PF Earthen
9 Bharung Adhey PF Earthen
10 Saneya Nala Saneya P.F. Pucca
11 Polpol Nala Polpol PF. Pucca
Table- 29: List of dams
1.5.6 Catchments
The area falls under region- Ganges basin- Lower Ganges- catchment Son, sub-catchment North
Koel, watershed- Auranga, Charu, Burha and Upper North Koel. There are 16 micro watersheds
covering the Buffer area. The drainages form the first, second and third line streams. These
streams later on form smaller rivers. The major streams/ nallahs are Aksi, Pandra, Surkumi,
Kohborwa, Satnadiya, Jawa etc. (Map- 9)
1.6 Vegetation Types
According to Champion and Seth’s concept of classification of the forest types of India, the
forests of Palamau Tiger Reserve fall under the following types and sub types:
Types and sub- types
• Type I - Moist Tropical Forests

Groups 3 - Tropical Moist Deciduous forests.
Sub – Groups – 3C Northern Indian Moist deciduous forests
Sub – Types – 3C 2(e) Moist peninsular Sal forests.
• Type II – Dry Tropical Forests.
Group 5– Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests

Sub – Group 5B- Northern Tropical Dry deciduous forests
Sub – type’s 5B/C1 (e) – Dry peninsular Sal forests
(iv) 5B/C2 – Northern dry mixed deciduous forests.

(v) 5B/E6 – Aegle forest.
(vi) 5B/E9 – Dry bamboo brake
As per the analysis and data collected from Forest Survey of India, Dehradun, the buffer area of
PTR has the following types represented in Km2:
S No Forest Type Area (in Km2) %

1 3C/2e (ii) Moist Peninsular Low Level Sal Forests 14.85 2.07
2 5/E9 Dry Bamboo Brake 221.74 30.98
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3 5B/C1 c Dry Peninsular Sal Forest 228.17 31.87
4 5B/C2 Northern Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest 125.87 17.58
5 Non Forest 108.38 15.14
6 Plantation/ TOF 14.87 2.04
7 Water 1.97 0.27
Total 715.85 100.00
Table- 30: Forest types and area
Graph- 17: Forest types in Buffer Area
From the management point of view, the forest composition is as following
• 5B/C1c Dry Peninsular Sal Forest: It is represented in 31.87 % of the area, covers
mainly in Madgari, Morwai, Meral and Adhey forests.
• 5/E9 Dry Bamboo Brake: This forest type covers 30.98% of the area and represented
mainly in Kutku, Tisia, Adhey, Mundu, Kumandih and Mandal forests.
• 5B/C2 Northern Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest: It is represented in 17.58% of
buffer area and covers Northern Kutku, Morwai, Kumandih, Hehegada and Rud
forests.
• 3C/2e (ii) Moist Peninsular Low Level Sal Forests: It is represented in 2.07% of
total buffer area and found in southern Tisia, Meral, Morwai and Adhey forest.
• Rest of classes are Non- forest- 15.14%, Plantation/ TOF- 14.57% of the buffer
area.
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The vegetation composition of above types is as follows:
Dry Mixed Forest
Adina cordifolia, Diospyros melanoxylon, Buchanania lanzan, Madhuca longifolia, Pterocarpus
marsupium, Holoptelea integrifolia, Schleichera oleosa. Acacia catechu, Anogeissus latifolia,
Boswellia serrata, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Terminalia tomentosa, Woodfordia fruticosa etc.
Dry Sal Forest
Diospyros melanoxylon, Buchanania lanzan, Pterocarpus marsupium, Anogeissus latifolia,
Lagerstroemia parviflora, Terminalia tomentosa, Woodfordia fruticosa, Emblica officinalis,
Indigofera pulchella etc.
Moist Sal Forest
Diospyros melanoxylon, Buchanania lanzan, Emblica officinalis, Terminalia tomentosa,
Anogeissus latifolia, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Schleichera oleosa, Woodfordia fruticosa,
Adina cordifolia, Bauhinia spp. Bombax ceiba etc.
High level plateau Sal Forest
Terminalia tomentosa, Anogeissus latifolia, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Woodfordia fruticosa,
Bauhinia spp. Bombax ceiba, Butea monosperma, Madhuca longifolia etc.
Moist Mixed Forest
Terminalia tomentosa, Adina cordifolia, Bauhinia spp. Albizzia procera, Syzygium cumini,
Mallotus philippinensis etc.
A vegetation dynamics of the buffer area of Palamau Tiger Reserve
As per the survey conducted during the various exercises, it was found that Shorea robusta is
still dominating in the buffer with 60% frequency and 5% abundance. The ecological importance
of this species was measured to 12%. The other associates of Shorea robusta like Terminalia
tomentosa, Adina cordifolia, Lagerstroemia parviflora and Acacia catechu have also good
frequency of 60%, 50%, 50% and 50% respectively. The important species like Bombax ceiba,
Butea monosperma, Buchanania lanzan, Dendrocalamus strictus, and Gmelina arborea are
also in the medium frequency from 20 to 10%. The ecotone species like Madhuca latifolia and
Tamarindus indica are nearer to the villages. The open forest has Lantana and Ziziphus jujuba
as prominent cover in the buffer area. The introduced species like Tectona grandis are in the
frequency of nearly 25% in the different areas. The Eucalyptus also has a frequency of nearly
10%.
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Graph- 18: Vegetation dynamics
1.7 Wild Fauna and Habitats

1.7.1 Wild fauna
Buffer area of PTR has almost similar distribution of wild fauna as core. The variation in
distribution could be seen in summer days when most of the animals prefer the core habitat
because of low temperature and more availability of water. However the summer days also
attract the wild fauna such as sloth bear, elephant, monkey, langoor, chital etc. nearer to villages
where mahua trees are flowering. So, movement between core and buffer could be seen during
summer days. However some animals like leopard, hyena, sambar, barking deer, porcupine,
wolf, galenious birds, reptiles and pangolin prefer more of the buffer area than core. The buffer
area is very rich in avifauna. The tiger movement is also recorded in different parts of the buffer.
The faunal composition of PTR is very rich and diverse. 40 species of mammals (table- 6), 205
species of birds, 28 species of amphibians and reptiles, 21 families of insects and 36 species of
spiders are recorded (Annexure- XVIII).
The keystone species are Tigers, Elephants, Leopards, Grey Wolf, Gaur, Sloth Bear, Four-
Horned Antelope, Indian Ratel, Indian Otter and Indian Pangolin. There are 11 Schedule- I
species distributed in PTR among mammals only.
S.NO ENGLISH NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME SCHEDULE*

1 Bandicoot Rat Bandicota indica V
2 Barking Deer Muntiacus muntjak III
3 Common Indian Langur Presbytis entellus II
4 Common Mongoose Herpestese dwardsi II
5 Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus II
6 Four-horned Antelope Tetracerosquadricornis I
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7 Grey Musk Shrew Sus cusmurinus IV
8 Indian Bush Rat Golunda ellioti V
9 Indian Elephant Elephas maximus I
10 Indian Field Mouse Mus booduga V
11 Indian Flying Fox Pteropus giganteus V
12 Indian Fox Vulpes bengalensis II
13 Indian Fruit Bat Pteropus giganteus V
14 Gaur (Indian Bison) Bos gaurus I
15 Indian Giant Squirrel Ratufa indica I
16 Indian Hare Lepusnigricollis IV
17 Indian Gerbilles Tarera indica V
18 Indian Jackal Canis aureus II
19 Indian Otter Lutra lutra II
20 Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata I
21 Indian Porcupine Hystrix indica IV
22 Indian Wild Dog (Dhole) Cuon alpinus II
23 Indian Wolf Canis lupus I
24 Jungle Cat Felis chaus II
25 Leopard Panthera pardus I
26 Long-tailed Tree Mouse Vendeleuriaoleracea V
27 Mouse Deer (Indian Chevrotain) Tragulus meminna I
28 Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus III
29 Ratel (Honey Badger) Mellivora capensis I
30 Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta II
31 Sambhar Deer Cervus unicolor III
32 Short-nosed Bat Cynopterus sphinx V
33 Sloth Bear Melursus ursinus I
34 Small India Civet Viverricula indica IV
35 Small Indian Mangoose Herpestes javanicus IV
36 Spotted Deer (Chital) Axis axis III
37 Striped Hyaena, Hyaena hyaena III
38 Three-striped Squirrel Funambulus palmarum IV
39 Tiger Panthera tigris I
40 Wild Boar Sus scrofa III
* Scheduled as per Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
Table- 31: List of mammals
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1.7.2 Habitat
Habitat of buffer area also varies in composition, density and types. The habitat is mostly mixed
dry deciduous having very dense forest- 182.34 Km2, moderate dense forest- 314.90 km2 and
open forest- 106.35 km2 in buffer area (Table- 7).
The moderately dense forests will soon be converted in to open forest because of anthropogenic
factors, if unabated. The moderately dense forests are more in North Kutku, Madgari, Mundu,
Haratu, Tisia, Kumandih, Amwatikar area. The open forest could be seen more in the periphery
of buffer area. It is because of huge pressure from grazing, firewood and timber extraction in
the surrounding villages.
Map- 28: Forest Cover Map of Buffer Area
S No Class Name Area (in Km2) %

1 Very Dense Forest 182.34 25.47
2 Moderate Dense Forest 314.90 43.99
3 Open Forest 106.35 14.86
4 Water bodies 7.26 1.01
5 Non- Forest 105.01 14.67
Total 715.85 100.00
Table- 32: Forest Cover of Buffer Area
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Graph- 19: Forest cover of Buffer Area
1.7.2.1 Trophic Niches
The buffer area receives too much biotic pressure from the villages in the form of grazing,
firewood collection, NTFP collection and other factors for sustenance of the village community.
This area has major part as open and scrub forest, which are utilized by several groups of
wildlife. The forest composition indicates the presence of four major classes such as Very
Dense Forest, Moderately Dense Forest, Open Forest and Water bodies along with river beds
and open grasslands which could be classified as four different niches. The fire occurrences are
also more in these forests and weeds like Lantana cover much of the open areas. The wildlife
is very adopted in nature and several of the wildlife species could be seen under the protective
cover of Lantana bushes.
Photo- 19: Seasonal view of forest covers from Baresanr Hill

1.8 Major conspicuous changes in the habitat since inception
The area of Palamau Tiger Reserve was part of Daltonganj South Forest Division which was
famous for Timber, Bamboo, NTFP, Kendu leaves, Mahulan leaves collection before the creation
of Palamau Tiger Reserve in 1974. Chhipadohar was a major centre for trade of forest produce.
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The bamboos from Ramandag, Saidup, Maromar and Aksi blocks used to run the Ashok Paper
Mills at Dalmianagar. The mahulan leaves were supplied to South India, the Kendu leaves used
to provide revenue to the Government, the Sal seeds collection was very good and Government
started even a plant for extraction of sal oil in Latehar. The forest was very good and wildlife
was in plenty.
The core area was banned for extraction of forest produce in 1974, but timber and bamboo
extraction were carried out in buffer area along with mahulan leaves, NTFP etc.
Later on sanctuary area prescription as ordered by Hon’ble Supreme Court changed the working
conditions of forests and the buffer under the sanctuary became free from forestry extractions.
The habitat was continued to be very good because of less anthropogenic pressure in buffer.
At present, the condition of forest including protected and non- protected areas of buffer is still
very good for the purpose of wildlife. The villages expanded and more and more pressure on
forest of buffer was visible because of outside impact. The outside means the villages which
were not in buffer and its periphery. The forest degradation around the buffer of Palamau Tiger
Reserve was in very rapid pace. The other villages which were not the part of buffer also started
coming to the area for benefit of forest produce. This has resulted in the degradation in the
fringe area of buffer.
The following changes could be seen in the overall habitat of the buffer:
• The degradation of fringe areas particularly in Betla, Barwadih, Kutku, Sarju, Kabri,
Kotam etc. could be seen where blanks have been created and weeds like lantana
have spread into forest area.
• The burning of forest in the fringes and nearer to habitation has created the open
forest category.
• Although the collection of NTFP, Kendu leaf, medicinal plant and other products are
banned in sanctuary area, the illicit operation goes on which creates blanks.
• The buffer area forest had good crop of Acacia catechu (Khair) which are now
converted to pole crop or bush forms because of massive illicit extraction of Khair
trees and preparation of raw khair in the forest areas during the period 1990- 95. This
was the major habitat loss as khair trees are the regular food of most of the wildlife
including elephants.
• The teak planted in Betla, Maromar, Baresanr and Saidup forests have massive
regeneration and started to dominate over the natural forest species of the area. This
has resulted in the shrinking of wildlife friendly habitat.
• The species like Dendrocalamus strictus (Lathi bans) is a most common food of
all herbivores. The failure of cultural operation and management of these bamboo
clumps prevented it to grow more and the clumps started degenerating. The buffer
forest could be seen with bushes like bamboo clumps everywhere.
• The increase of grazing by cattle in entire buffer is also a major problem for
degradation in buffer forest.
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• The frequent droughts and incidences of fire in fringe areas mostly have caused the
degradation in forests and appearance of weeds in grasslands and natural forests.
• The soil erosion has increased which results in more degradation in fringes and buffer
forest nearer to villages.
Major causative factors
• Increase in human population: The number of human population has grown nearly
four times from the base figure of 1974. At present, 1,50,000 approximate population
of 191 villages of buffer area are utilizing the forest resources of buffer for household
timber, agricultural use, housing use, firewood etc. the village depend for their
livelihood on medicinal plant, NTFP etc. on these forests. So, the biotic pressure on
buffer is extreme. The villagers from not only buffer area but outside of the buffer
also try to extract forest resources.
• Grazing pressure: Nearly 35,000 cattle in 1974 has increased to nearly 1,50,000
cattle who graze freely in the forest and share the food and water of wildlife.
• Fire: The fire is started by the village always for extraction of mahua flowers, honey
and providing manure to the crop fields. This is a causative factor for degradation
of habitat as it burns regenerated plants and promotes weed species as well as soil
erosion.
• Urbanization: Semi- urbanization of the places like Barwadih, Betla, Chhipadohar,
Garu, Baresanr etc. has created more transport and other biotic pressures on the
habitat.
• Insurgency: The CRPF camps to counter insurgency activities also utilize the forest
resources for their needs.
• Residential Schools: The residential schools at Chhipadohar, Garu, Betla,
Mahuadanr, Barwadih, Adhey, Rud, Netarhat also utilize the forest resources
particularly firewood from buffer forest.
• NTFP and medicinal plants: As most of the forest areas outside the Palamau Tiger
Reserve are degraded and now collection of medicinal plants like Satawar, Acorus,
Sarpgandha, Aithani, Karjhani, Indrajaw, piar (Chiraungi) are extracted from buffer
area for market. The numbers of these plants are reducing gradually.
• Kutku Dam: A proposed Kutku Dam initiated 1970 - 71 is still standing without
completion. It will submerge nearly 119 km2 (115.40 km2 in buffer and 3.60 km2 in
the core area) of the reserve area, if the gates are closed. It will be a colossal loss of
habitat of the Palamau Tiger Reserve.
Photo- 20: Kutku Dam and submergence area
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CHAPTER- 2

PREDATORS
2.1 Distribution
Tiger (Panthera tigris- Bagh)
Distribution of tigers covers entire Palamau Tiger Reserve area and adjoining landscape also.
In the recent years, the movement pattern of tigers could not be recorded as freely as 10 year
back because of insurgency problem and acute shortage of front line staffs. However the direct
and indirect evidences collected in the buffer area with the help of daily- wages staffs and
villagers indicate the presence of tigers in Betla, Morwai forest, Mandal, Meral, Mundu, Haratu,
Hehegarha and Kumandih forests. As per the direct and indirect evidences nearly 6 tigers are
represent in the buffer area. The scats, pugmarks, kill reports and camera trap of evidences
suggest this number in buffer. Tigers from Kumandih and Hehegarha area also move to Patki
and Balumath forest of Latehar Forest Division as reported in 2014. The report of movement is
also found in adjoining Sarju forest area of Latehar Forest Division. The tiger from Mandal area
of buffer also moves to Medininagar Forest Division (Ramgarh Forest).
Photo- 21: Camera trap evidences
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Map- 29: Direct & indirect evidences of tiger in Palamau Tiger Reserve
Leopard (Panthera pardus - Tendua)
Leopard population is fairly good in buffer area as they prefer to live and catch prey nearer to
villages. The cattle, goats, dogs are reported to be major prey. The kill reports are available from
different parts of buffer.
Jungle Cat (Felis chaus- Jungli Billi)
The Jungle cat population is also good. The scats are available in different parts of buffer.
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Civet
Two species of Civets are found, the Small Indian Civet (Viverricula indica) and Common Palm
Civet (Paradoxorus hermaphrodites). Small Indian civet is tawny grey or grayish brown while
Common Palm Civet is blackish brown with long coarse hair. Palm Civet prefers slightly denser
forests than Small Indian Civet. They are not sighted very commonly as they are nocturnal in
nature.
Wolf (Canis lupus- Bhediya, Hundar)
The wolf population is well represented in southern part of buffer area which is hillier. The
number is less in northern part but is seen regularly. However the more concentration of wolf is
reported from Madgari, Latu, Kujrum, Aksi, Sarnadih, Orsa etc.
Hyena (Hyena hyena- Lakarbhaga)
Hyenas are scavengers and more around in buffer area. They are being frequently killed by
the villagers because they try to catch prey in the villages. They are found everywhere in
buffer area and also reported to be killed by road accidents.
Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus- Bhalu)
The Bear is fairly good in Netarhat, Mahuadanr, Baresanr blocks and Rud of buffer up to
Kumandih area. Several encounters with local communities are reported during summer when
mahua and kendu leaf season starts.
2.2 Abundance Status
The reserve is not rich in mammalian population. The population dynamics of animals found in
the reserve has been dealt in Core Area Plan.
2.3 Prey- Predator Relationships
The details of cattle lifting incidents have been given in the plan for the Core Area in section-
3.3.
2.4 Assessment of Threats
2.4.1 Man- Animal Conflict
Man- animal conflict arises mainly due to cattle lifting by tigers and leopards, crop raiding by
elephants, injuries caused by sloth bear and straying of wild animals such as chital, wild boar
and nilgai in the fringe villages.
The cattle and goat lifting by predators like tiger, leopard, wolf and hyena is common. The
compensation is being paid as remedial measure.
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Compensation
Adult Rs. 2,50,000

Sub- Adult Rs. 1,50,000
Severe Injury Rs. 50,000
1 Human Death
Normal Injury Rs. 10,000
Permanent Disability due to wildlife- Rs. 1,50,000
Adult
House Pucca House- Fully Damage Rs. 75,000
Damage- RCC Rs. 50,000
2
Complete Kachchha House Rs. 30,000
Damage
House RCC Rs. 15,000
3 Damage- Non- RCC Rs. 10,000
Heavy Damage Kachcha Rs. 7,500
Stored Grains Rs. 1,000 per quintal (max. of
Rs. 5,000)
4 Grains
Crop Damage Rs. 1,000 per ha (max. of Rs.
25,000
Ox, Cow, Buffalo Rs. 10,000
5 Cattle Kills Calf Rs. 3,000
Rs. 2,000
Table- 33: Compensation rates fixed by the Govt. of Jharkhand, 2014
The human injuries, death, cattle kills and compensation paid have been given in the following
table in the last few years in core area:
S. No. Categories 2002 to 2014

1 Area of Crop damage by Elephant and other wildlife 230ha
2 Human Death/ Permanent Disability by wildlife 55 Nos.
3 Human death by wildlife 19 Nos.
4 Cattle and goat killed by wildlife 761 Nos.
5 Death of wildlife during conflict 55 Nos.
6 Compensation paid for human death/ permanent disabilities Rs. 2736248.00
7 Paid for cattle and goat killed by wildlife Rs. 2278907.00
Table- 34: Compensation paid in Buffer Area
Photo- 22: Cattle kill and villager with carcass for compensation claim
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The major prey base of predators- chital, sambar, barking deer, wild boar etc. have decreased
in number but the reports related to transect line preparation mention the presence of chital,
barking deer, wild boar and also sambar in different area of buffer.
2.4.3 Wildlife health & diseases
The cattle borne disease like Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Anthrax etc. are the main
pathological diseases reported in the reserve. Some gaurs were reported to be affected by these
diseases. The domestic dogs are prevalent in the villages use waterholes of wild animals; this
may be a reason for near extinction of wild dogs in the reserve as these wild dogs are not
reported since 2011 onwards. Some other diseases like breaking of foot- pad and pox like
symptoms in elephants in 2014 were also reported.
The frequency of trains has increased on Barwadih- Barkakana Section because of heavy
transportation of coal and other minerals on this section. Earlier the railway line was single but
in last 5 years, it has become double and electrified. Approximately 90 trains (passenger and
goods) cross on this track in 24 hours. The number will increase further when North Karnapura
Coal Block becomes operational in 2 to 3 years. This railway movement has effect on elephants
and their movement, the accident also occur on these tracks. Apart from railway the number of
vehicles has increased more than ten times on state highway. The death of 2 hyenas and three
chital were reported in the last five years on road. The previous causalities of elephants, gaur,
chital, and leopard were also reported due to road and railway accidents. So railway and road
transports are major threats in the reserve.
The rural electrification programme in the villages of buffer area is causing great concern. The
poles are of low height and wire between two poles sags barely 2 - 3 meters above ground. This
has caused electrocution of elephants in many villages of Betla range where crop raiding by
elephant is prevalent. There is report of three elephant’s death due to electrocution in last five
years.
Photo- 23: Death of elephant by electrification and low height wire
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2.4.6 Illegal Activities
Illicit felling of trees, illegal collection of fire wood and NTFP, poaching of wild animal, illegal
grazing etc. are the prevalent illegal activities noticed in the buffer of Palamau Tiger Reserve.
The major casualties are in fringe areas of forests of buffer particularly in Betla, Kumandih,
Hehegarha, Bendi, Barwadih area (Table- 10).
Photos- 24: Illegal activities

2.4.6.1 Hunting and Poaching
The poaching is a serious problem in core and buffer areas. The chital, barking deer and gaurs
are reported to be victims during festivals like Holi, Dussehera and Christmas. The number
of tusker elephants is very less in the elephant population, so for poaching for tusk is a rare
occurrence. The revenge killing of tigers and leopards are also reported through poisoning.
The wild boars are also killed through cracker method. The common practice of poaching of
chital is by noose prepared by wires and placed nearer to waterholes. Sometimes this noose also
killed tiger and gaur (sub adults). The snares method of poaching is also common for hares and
partridges.
The poaching records in last five years 2009- 14 say the number of wildlife poached are 1
leopard, 3 elephant, 1 gaur and 3 spotted deer.

The illegal felling of trees particularly teak in Betla, Barwadih and Saidup Compartment- 1
& 2 region are of great concern. The average of 25 trees per year is being felled from these
areas. The transportation of illegal materials through trains on this section is common. The
fire-wood collection for trade is also common in this section. The management raids regularly
on these trains to minimize these trades. The small township of Garu surrounded by forest also
consumes timber and firewood from surrounding forest. The seizure of trucks and buses with
timber is common.
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Year Illicit felling
2009 97
2010 23
2011 84
2012 62
2013 29
Table- 35: Illegal felling of trees in buffer area
Approximately 1,50,000 cattle heads graze in the buffer forests. The magnitudes of consumption
at the rate of 7.5 kg per cattle (average fodder of large and small cattle) comes to 11,25,000
kg fodder per day from the PTR forest. The magnitude is too much for maintenance of a good
forest. So, this activity alone is sufficient to degrade the buffer forests.
2.4.6.4 NTFP and medicinal plant collection:
The illegal collection of NTFP particularly honey, mahua flowers, karanj seeds, chiraunji,
mahulan leave, kendu leaves etc. by surrounding villages is being done from buffer area.
Similarly collection of medicinal plants like roots of satavari, musli, aswagandha and sarpgandha
is common practice. The collection of fruits like wild bel, karjhani, indra jaw, bantulsi, acorus
etc. is also reported. These illicit activities are on the basis of market requirement of plants and
the local tribal are being engages by local traders.
Photo- 25: NTFP and firewood collection

2.4.7 Forest fire
The fire is the most damaging factor in any wildlife area. The buffer of Palamau Tiger Reserve
is also prone to fire from 15th March to 15th June mostly because of dry condition prevalent
during the summer period, when the temperature is too high. The grasslands dry up and long
dry grasses in bamboo areas become fire- prone. The fire occurrences are monitored regularly
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and efforts are made for fire protection. The following statement shows the area affected by fire
in the buffer zone of PTR :
Years Burnt Area in Ha %

2009 76.26 10.65
2010 183.74 25.67
2011 69.19 9.67
2012 116.7 16.30
2013 150.46 21.02
2014 168.13 23.49
Table- 36: Fire occurrence in Buffer Area
Graph- 20: Fire occurrence
Probable causes of fire in Buffer area

• The graziers burn the fringe area of Buffer for grass availability for their cattle.
• The illicit mahua flower collectors burn the forest around the trees to increase
visibilities of flowers and better collection.
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• The honey collectors also use fire to ward off the honeybees from the comb and
through the lighted stick which start fire.
• Revenge fire: The persons who are antagonized with the project management also
start fire to harass the staff.
The impact of fire is severe to habitat and wildlife. It causes destruction of sapling of important
trees herbs shrubs and climbers. It also promotes invasion of fire hardy weeds. The fire destroys
the eggs hatchlings and babies of reptiles, birds and mammals. The movement of wildlife from
fire affected area to another area occurs which causes to much disturbance to them.
Map- 30: Forest fire occurrence in Buffer Area of Palamau Tiger Reserve during 2004 to 2014
illustrated over ASTER DEM (Forest fire data source from- FSI, Dehradun)
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The entire area of PTR is drought prone and the area receives average rainfall of 450 mm only.
The southern part of buffer receives more rain because of more forested area. The extreme north
areas have water scarcity during summer. Nearly 90% of the waterholes and 80% of reservoirs
dry up in the month of April, May and June. The problems become very grave during this period
in Betla, Kumandih, Bendi, Hehegarha, Barwadih, Kutku and Haratu areas as wildlife become
restricted to less number of water sources and become prone to poaching. It was also observed
that chital try to go to nearby villages in search of water and green grass during this period in
night time. Such cases are found around Betla compartments.
2.4.9 Forest village
There is one forest villages in the buffer area namely Jaigir. The villagers of this village have
requested to be relocated and the proposal is under process, the identification of land for
relocation is going on.
The 199 villages in inside and on fringes heavily depend upon livelihood, grazing, firewood,
housing, agriculture implement etc. As per estimate each household consumes nearly 1,200 Kg
of firewood, 200- 300 Kg timber for agriculture and housing and average 6 cattle for grazing in
the forest per year. So, each household requires nearly 1,500 kg of wood from forest every year.
The magnitude of utilization of more than the regeneration capacity of the forest in this area
which is causing creation of blanks and degradation in forest (Srivastava (2010) report of status
of forest in Palamau). Apart from this the dependency for NTFP and medicinal plant collection
for livelihood is also of concern. As the population is increasing in these villages, the pressure
on forest is increasing.
2.4.11 Staffs
• Staff Strength: - The vacancies of nearly 90% at forest guard level for the several
years are major threat for management. The protection, developmental and monitoring
activities are getting hampered. At present, in 2015- 16, presences of only 11 Forest
Guards on the sectioned strength of 175 tells the tale of poor staff strength
• Untrained staffs: - Only one officer is trained in wildlife among the entire staff of
Palamau Tiger Reserve. The staff is yet to learn the modern techniques of wildlife
management, monitoring and evolution.
• Staff welfare: -The welfare support for field staff is meager which result in hampering
of movement, accommodation and transport. The health, education, facilities for
staff posted in remote area is not available.
2.4.12 Lack of co-operation from local communities
The villages in buffer area want to use the forest area for everything,whereas management tries
to prevent the activities. The conflict and antagonism with local communities increases. The
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involvement of local communities is important for protection and management of habitat.
2.4.13 Multi- purpose Kutku Dam
This dam was started in 1970- 71 and is yet to be completed. The 13 villages under sum-
mergence have been paid compensation but they never vacated the land. This reservoir will
submerge nearly 119 km2 area of (115.40 km2 in buffer and 3.60 km2 in core) of reserve which
will be major threats to the wildlife and habitat.
This is the major cause of concern. The buffer Area is badly affected by extremist activities.
Besides this the road robberies, loots, etc. are other law and order problems.
The erstwhile Palamau district which has now been divided into Garhwa, Palamau & Latehar
Districts has been affected with naxal activities since 1967. At initial stages it was sporadic but
later on it engulfed whole area.
Palamau Tiger Reserve is facing effect of major naxalism since 1985, At present due to naxal
activities, the Police stations in Reserve Barwadih, Garu, Mahuadanr, Netarhat of Latehar
district and Bhandaria Police Station of Garhwa District remain disturbed. The adjoining Police
stations like Manika, Chainpur, Latehar, Banari etc. are also badly affected with extreme naxal
activities.Due to growing extremism following threats are important:
The naxal activities directly or indirectly influence the illicit felling, illegal quarrying, illegal
removal of forest produce and illegal cattle camps which are the source of income for naxalites
as levy. These naxalites in turn provide protection & give shelter to the forest offenders.
The poor law and order situation under which the staff and officers of the reserve live and work,
most often adversely affect the development work, inspections and monitoring in these areas.
2.4.14.3 Major extremist attacks on forest property & staff
• May, 90- Firing on Betla Range Office & first forced entry of armed group in Betla NP
• July, 90– Forest Guard killed at Heswa
• Aug, 92 – 3 Forest Guards killed near Betla
• July, 95 – Dacoity of tusks from NIC, Betla
• Feb, 98 – 2 staff in Gypsy blown & killed in land mine blast
• May, 99 – ROF abducted, robbed
• May, 01 – FRH & Quarters at Rud burnt
• Aug, 03 – Tracker killed.
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• Aug, 03 – DFO mobbed, assaulted during raid- had to fire in defense.
• Sept, 04 – Forester & Driver killed in land mine blast.
• Feb, 06 – FRH Mundu burnt.
• July, 07– F.R.H. Kusmi burnt, Maromar FRH damaged; Wireless Station & set also
damaged.
The forest staff retreated from these places and is residing in Range headquarters. The Forest
Guards posted at remote and naxal areas, retreated from their HQs & due to fear of risk to life,
most often they avoid field visits to their respective areas. At present the forest personnel are
residing collectively in either Range or Beat HQs like Betla, Chhipadohar, Barwadih, Mandal,
Garu & Baresanr.
The onslaught of extremism on forest is noteworthy. The extremists used the forest produces for
their source of income in the form of levy imposed on illegal katha making, illegal stone cutting/
quarrying, illegal kendu leaf collection, Illegal felling of commercially important species. They
directly or indirectly support illegal activities as it forms a part of their income derived as levy.
PTR was created in 1974 and has vast scope of research on habitat, wildlife impact, monitoring
and evaluation. Not much has been covered under this. There are some researches and
monitoring reports by Dr. D. S. Srivastava on elephant ecology, gaur ecology habitat changes
and monitoring on tigers and management. Some papers are available on crop damage by J.
Mishra (1970), release of tiger cub by J. P. Sinha (1978), fire watch towers and track census
methodology by R. C. Sahay (1978), distribution of tiger cubs in Betla by Sangam Lahiri (1990)
and project reports of sixteen researches carried out under Dr. D. S. Srivastava from 1985 to
2012 etc.
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CHAPTER- 3
HISTORY OF PAST MANAGEMENT

AND PRESENT PRACTICES
3.1 Conservation and Forest Management History
It has been dealt in detail in the Core Area Plan under chapter- 4, Section- 4.1 and 4.2. The
buffer area of 715.85 km2 includes the forest under tourism zone also. Thus the total will be
described as a whole as buffer zone and tourism zone description will be the part of this buffer
zone.
The Buffer Area covers Betla, Chhipadohar (East), Chhipadohar (West), Kutku, Garu (East),
Garu (West) and Baresanr Ranges. This Zone was used for providing protection from biotic
interferences. The area is rich in biodiversity and has got rights of the villagers. There are 156
enclave villages and 35 villages in and around buffer of the tiger reserve with heavy biotic
pressure.
There are 135 PFs/ RFs in Palamau Wildlife Sanctuary and 39 PFs/ RFs/ KRFs outside National
Park/ Sanctuary area. The PF/ KRF outside PAs have the rights of villagers for collection of
forest produce for bona fide use. There is no felling of the trees in the areas falling under the
jurisdiction of the Sanctuary and National Park.
The following area is included in the buffer zone:
• Total Buffer Zone- 715.85 km2

• Tourism Zone (Overlapping Zone)- 37.71 km2
The present buffer is constituted of the forests of the previous Management Plan under following
zones:
• Habitat Management Zone (Except Baresanr, Ramandag, Saidup Blocks)

• Multiple use Zone or Buffer Zone
• Tourism (Overlapping Zone)
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Habitat improvement
A. Plantation
300 ha area of plantation were taken up in Kutku, Baresanr and Garu (East) ranges to improve
the degraded areas. The soil conservation work was also carried out during this plantation in
last 5 years.
B. Grassland management
The grasslands in Betla are vital for survival of prey species in this small tourist zone. The
total area of 62 ha of these grasslands are burnt and maintained every year to provide fodder
to herbivores. The 10 meter road flank clearing and burning also provides good fodder to
herbivores during summer months.
The grassland management is important part of habitat management along with weed removal.
These grasslands are maintained regularly in Betla but grasslands in other buffer areas are not
maintained as regularly as in Betla.
Sl. Name of Name of Area

Name of Forest Conditions
No. Place Range in Ha.
1. 30.00 Grasses dry during summer,
Nawabandh Betla Compt.-2 heavy infestation of Parthenium
& Cida
2. Madhuchuan Betla Compat-2 10.00 do
3. Nunahi Betla Compat.-2 06.00 do
4. Junction of Betla Betla 10.00 do
Sidha Compt. Road 2
and 5
5. 06.00 Grasses dry during the summer,
Kamaldah Betla comp.1 heavy infestation of Cida &
Bantulsi
Total 62.00
Table- 37: Grassland and area
C. Provision & maintenance of salt lick:

Natural saltlicks have been identified, monitored and maintained in buffer area. A detailed list
of natural saltlicks is given below-
Name of Range Location of Saltlicks Name of Saltlicks

Ranichuan
Tisia PF Jamatijharia
Baresanr Dumar chuhla
Paharkocha PF Banrahakhanr
Adhey PF Mordang
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Baresanr Korgi Bindia
Khairahi
Hathbajhwa
Betla Betla Compartment - 2
Madhuchuan
Hatia
Chhipadohar West Nawarnago PF Kerakarcha
Rud KRF Piahpani
Garu East Garu KRF Nearmila
Haratu PF Basetha
Tinkoni
Mundu PF
Ambatanr
Serendag PF Asan Pani
Garu West
Khamhi KRF Kamha Nala
Bawarbandha KRF Kundih Nala
Labhar KRF Chopiapani
Khara Nala
Madgari PF Jurania
Baghmaudwa
Bhawna Soti
Sangali PF
Kerwahi
Chhotki Masuria
Kutku Totki PF
Totki
Khaira PF Lalki Khara
Saneya PF Kudgara
Chapia PF Parsapani
Chhapar Jharia
Hesatu
Chaina Marthar
Table- 38: Saltlicks
D. Maintenance of artificial and natural waterholes
Maintenance of artificial and natural water-holes is carried out in area. Many water-holes have
been created by digging or exposing the surface soil for percolation of water. These are regularly
de-silted and dug to maintain water level. During summer many of the waterholes dry up and
they are dug up regularly. Sometimes water has to be provided in artificial troughs through
tankers. The condition becomes worst during summer in Betla and most of the waterholes are
artificially maintained. (Annexure- XIX)
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3.2 Protection of Tiger, its Prey and Habitat
3.2.1 Protection and intelligence gathering:-
3.2.1.1 Control of poaching and illicit felling:
A. Patrolling: Extensive patrolling on foot & on vehicle to check the activities of poachers
is important task of the field staff. Special patrolling during Holi, Dussehera, Christmas,
other tribal festival and also on full moon night is taken up.The patrolling are organized in
Betla, Chhipadohar, Garu, Baresanr and Barwadih on regular basis.
B. EDC Involvement: The local EDCs are motivated and involved in intelligence gathering
about illegal activities. A system of incentives and rewards has been developed for this
activity. It is successful and most of the raids are conducted on these information.
C. Identification of sensitive areas: There are several areas which are prone to illicit activities
of poaching and felling, which have been identified and special patrolling are organized for
these areas to curb these activities.
D. TPF: There are 5 units of Tiger Protection Force (TPF) drawn from local youths which
patrol the area regularly,
E. Monsoon Patrolling: This patrolling is organized by involving EDC members in the
surrounding forest.
F. Raids on anti- poaching and illicit felling: Regular raids are conducted on train, transport,
vehicles, nakas, villages and local bazaars/ hats for control of illicit activities. Details are
given in the core plan.
3.2.1.2 For strengthening communication and Infrastructures-
The existing roads, buildings, fire lines, patrolling paths are regularly kept ready for strengthening
infrastructure. The new vehicles have been purchased for patrolling and other activities related
to this are updated.
A. Check Nakas:-
There are 12 check nakas located at Kechki, Betla, Barwadih, Chhipadohar (2 nos.), Labhar,
Garu (2 nos.), Maromar, Baresanr, Bijaypur and Aksi to check the vehicles for illicit activities.
B. Chain gates:-
There are two chain gates in identified locations in buffer to prevent unauthorized entry into
buffer area. These are maintained by ranges. However the cases of theft of iron chain are a
regular affair. So at many places deep trenches have been dug up to prevent entry.
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S No. Range Location Name of road
1 Betla Betla Entry Point of Tourism Zone
2. Betla Buxa more Qila-Buxa Road
3 Betla Gari Gate Gari Gate Road
4 Betla Baheratanr Baheratanr Road
5 Betla Betla- Qila Road Betla– Qila Road
Table- 39: Chain gates
C. Buildings:
(As per core area plan and list of building in buffer is attached as Annexure- XX)
D. Vehicle-
(As per core area plan)
E. Maintenance of roads for patrolling-
384.50 km of roads are maintained every year for patrolling.
F. Culverts and Causeways-
(As per core area plan Annexure- XI)
G. Wireless network for quick communication
H. Inter-agency Co-ordination.
I. Forest Fire Protection
Following measures are implemented to control fire.
J. Preparation & maintenance of fire lines and fire tracing:
Fire tracing along the existing main roads and forests roads is done for prevention of forest
fire. Maintenance of fire-lines by cutting & control burning of grasses &debris is done every
year. The existing patrolling paths are also cleaned during fire season. Most of fire incidences
occurred in between 2.00 PM. & 6.00 PM. Leaflets are distributed in fringe villages, local
markets to increase the general awareness among the people about harmful effects of fires.
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Fire line-
There are 175.50 km of fire lines in the Buffer area. The fire tracing operation of 384.50 km
has been completed in the buffer area every year. Details of existing fire lines are given below:
Name of Sl. No Name of Fire line Length

Range in kms.
Betla 1 Boundary line from Buxamore to Saidupe-1 7.00
2 Boundary line between Betla -2 & Dorami 5.00
3 Boundary line between Betla - 2 & Kuchila 2.00
4 Boundary line between Betla -1 & Rabdi, 6.00
Lukumkhanr
5 Boundary line between Gari PF & Betla -2 3.50
6 Boundary line between Dorami PF & Betla - 2 8.00
7 Boundary line between Sheonala to Bhitiahi 5.00
8 Boundary line between Baigapani to Amwapani 6.00
Chhipadohar 9 Boundary line between Saidupe-Chungru PF 4.00
East 10 Boundary line between Chhipadohar & Hehegara 11.00
Rly. line.
Garu West 11 Boundary line of Ramandag -4 and Labhar KRF 6.00
12 Boundary line between Baresanr & Baresanr KRF 8.00
Garu East 13 Boundary line between Haratu to Ramandag-2 7.00
14 Boundary line between Netarhat RF & Naina PF 8.00
15 Boundary line between Bhawarbandha and Huluk 6.00
Chhipadohar 16 Boundary line between Hehegara to Gua Rly. line 6.00
(E)
Baresanr 17 Boundary line between Korgi & Hurrahing 5.00
Kutku 18 Boundary line between Totki & Sangli 9.00
19 Boundary line between Chapia & Madgari 8.00
20 Boundary line between Bajna & Gaita Pani 10.00
21 Boundary line of Chhatisgarh State(30 meters wide) 45.00
Total 175.50
Table- 40: Fire lines

Prompt detection and reporting of fire incidences are carried out to curb fire occurrences.
Fire watch tower:
For detection of fire, fire watch towers are used. Each watch tower is manned by fire watchers.
There are permanent RCC Fire watch-towers. These fire watch towers are used for detection
of fire at early stage by fire watchers and communicated to fire fighting squads and fire patrol
camps at village level. Coordination is done by concerned RFO and BO.
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S. No Name of Range Name of Forest Name of Fire Watch Tower Pucca/ Wooden
1 Mundu Pucca
Garu West Mundu P.F.
2 Ladi Pucca
3 Baresanr Adhey P.F. Adhey Wooden
4 Betla Com.-1 Kamaldah Pucca
5 Kasba Pucca
6 Betla Sidha Patch Pucca
Betla Com.-2
7 Madhuchuan Pucca
8 Khairahi Pucca
Table- 41: Fire watch towers

(ii) Constitution of Fire fighting Squad and fire patrol camps:
In fire prone areas teams comprising of 10- 12 labourers and staff are engaged for fire control.
Fire fighting squads operated for 15th March to 15th June. Persons are engaged from local EDC
members. Fire fighting is done with the help of local EDC engaged in fire patrol camps placed
at vulnerable points. The Details have been provided in the Core Part of Plan.
Monitoring of fire incidences
Monitoring and recording of fire incidences is done regularly and records are maintained month
wise from March to June. The active protection includes fire fighting and at the same time
monitoring of the fire. The Details have been provided in the Core Part of Plan.
3.3 Other Land Use- Villages, Agriculture, Developmental Programmes, Tourism etc.
3.3.1 Villages:
There are 191 villages in and around buffer area. These villages belong to 6 Administrative
Blocks of Barwadih, Manika, Garu, Bhandaria, Mahuadanr and Chainpur. The total area
covered is 1,17,425.35 acres. The number of households is 28,224 (Table- 17). The population
belongs to nearly 86,762 (58.07%) of Schedule Tribe (ST), 27,612 (17.81%) of Schedule Caste
(SC) and 35,000 (23.22 %) of OBC & others. The literacy is also poor; the literates are only
39.77%of the total population.
Sl. No. Name of Block SC ST Other Total

1. Barwadih 18,597 45,986 19,759 84,342
2. Bhandaria 2,363 5,758 3,152 21,047
3. Chainpur 1,563 2,702 3,888 8,349
4. Garu 1,095 16,692 3,260 16,210
5. Mahuadanr 236 7,021 1,092 8,153
6. Manika 3,758 8,603 3,849 11,273
Total population 27,612 86,762 35,000 1,49,374
% of total population 17.81 58.07 23.22 100
Table- 42: Population dynamics
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Graph- 21: Population dynamics of Buffer area
Area of Total Literate Non

Admin. House OBC &
(in Acres) Population SC ST (in %) Worker
Block hold Others
%
Barwadih 48,995.28 15,730 84,342 18,597 45,986 19,759 38.51 61.38
Bhandaria 19,788.43 2,348 11,273 2,363 5,758 3,152 43.45 49.85
Chainpur 2,643.09 1,470 8,153 1,563 2,702 3,888 31.50 32.22
Garu 16,985.41 4,053 21,047 1,095 16,692 3,260 46.86 56.99
Mahuadanr 21,190.43 1,561 8,349 236 7,021 1,092 38.20 27.66
Manika 7,811.74 3,062 16,210 3,758 8,603 3,849 39.51 46.98
Total in 1,17,414.38 28,224 1,49,374 27,612 86,762 35,000 39.77 54.85
PTR
Table- 43: Block wise household and population

The villagers are completely dependent on the PA for fuel wood, small timber, NTFP and
grazing. The poor, landless masses have no other source of livelihood. Population pressure
intensity is evenly distributed (Annexure-XXI).
3.3.2 Agriculture
Although agriculture is main occupation in the villages, but productivity is very low because
the main agriculture crops are practiced only in 10% of the village area. The land condition
in buffer villages could be divided into upland (Tanr), Middle slope land (Chour), Down land
(Dohar). The paddy is cultivated in dohar land whereas chour is utilized for maize, millet and
Arhar. The uplands are generally not cultivated but sometimes Til is cultivated. One can see the
vast stretch of upland in the villages covered with Lantana and has no use to the owner. Only
10- 15% of the owner’s land is available for cultivation. Some areas have dohar in valleys in
which summer paddy is also cultivated. Thus, the main cultivation consisting of paddy and
maize sustain for about three to five months in the household. The land distribution in the
villages is also depending upon the type of community residing in the villages.
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The best agriculture land is with the Cheros and Khairwars who are called ‘agriculture
community’. The community like Birjia and Parahiya belonging to most primitive tribe group
are always found in separate hamlet in the some village, having very less land holding. These
are hunter and gatherer community. The Korwas are called baiga/ medicine- man and are found
in the forest areas only. So, land distribution determines the type of agriculture practiced in the
buffer villages. The old cultivation method is still used in these villages. The major crops are
as following:
A. Kharif- Consists of Paddy, Madua, Maize, Goindli, Urad, Arhar, Moong, Til and Ground-
nut.
B. Rabi- The early rabi crops are Kulthi, Lotani, Sargujia whereas late rabi crops are pea, gram,
potato, tomato etc.
During the summer season, most of the land remain barren uncultivated with very little summer
paddy and summer vegetation cultivation in dohar areas.
3.3.2.1 Livestock:
Livestock is important part in the livelihood of these tribal villages. The smaller variety of cattle,
goats, local smaller pigs and local poultry are kept. The cattle and goats provide good income
through sale. These cattle are unproductive for milk but are kept in large number as these are the
base of status in the villages and used for exchange during marriages also. So, these cattle are
not stall fed and left in forest for grazing. On an average each household has 5- 10 such cattle.
In recent years, buffalos are also seen in the villages. These are not kept by any tribal but are
the property of outside settlers in these villages. The buffalo and larger cattle variety also enjoy
the privilege of rights granted to tribal community in the forest. Such villages are found in
Baresanr, Maromar, Barwadih and Kutku area where outside settlers take advantage of tribal’s
right. The magnitude of the cattle is very high to the tune of nearly 1,50,000 in buffer villages.
These cattle are disturbing the fodder balance of the wildlife in the area.
3.3.2.2 Village Livelihood:
Agriculture and livestock sustain for nearly 6- 8 months of rural livelihood in the area. The rest
is earned through:
Labour: The buffer area villages are famous for migratory laborers who go for employment in
Panjab, Hariyana, U.P., Kerala and Karnataka. The local employment generation is not sufficient
and local youths are forced to go to other states to earn livelihood.
NTFP Collection: The NTFP are the major source of the income to local villagers. The
collection of kendu leaves, mahulan leaves, honey, amla, harra, bahera, satawar, bel, indrajaw,
bantulsi etc. is done and sold in the local market. The magnitude of the collection of NTFP
is increasing gradually as the market demand for herbal products is increasing. The forests
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surrounding buffer area are already degraded and pressure for NTFP collection is increasing in
the forests of buffer area. It is estimated that nearly Rs. 32 Crores worth of these products come
to wholesale market of Daltonganj through local traders per year. The similar amount worth of
NTFP also comes to Garhwa, Latehar and Lohardagga and Gumla markets (Srivastava, 2010).
Other Livelihood: The other livelihood includes bamboo basket making by Turi community,
palm mat weaving by women in Garu, Baresanr and Barwadih area, rural carpentries etc.
3.3.3 Developmental Programmes:
The developmental programs could be divided into three categories:
1. Programs of the Forest Department

2. Programs of other Governmental Agencies
3. NGOs
1. Forest Department based programs
The World Bank sponsored Eco- development Program for 191 villages was initiated in 1995.
The basic concept of the program was to seek community participation in habitat and wildlife
management in Palamau Tiger Reserve. The initial stage covered all the villages through
workshop, seminars and formation of eco- development communities as per the World Bank
guideline. Later on, the funding for eco- development activities was not regular and sometime
34 to 65 out of 191 villages were covered in the scheme. The funding was so erratic that no
visible impact is seen in the villages.
The previous work undertaken in the selected EDCs on agriculture development, vegetable
cultivation, horticulture development, water percolation tank construction, training on livelihood
activities like tailoring, bee- keeping, poultry development, lac cultivation were initiated in
these EDCs. The infrastructure support like chairs, table, tents etc. were also made to EDCs.
The reciprocal commitment with EDC and Project Tiger is not strong. The scheme is excellent
in conserving forest and wildlife in PTR. The half - hearted approach towards the scheme is
hampering the major purpose of the scheme.
2. Programs of other Governmental Agencies
The State Government undertakes various developmental schemes like irrigation, pond
constructions, health, education and livelihood related activities in the buffer villages. The
impact of these schemes is very slow and villagers are still depended upon forest for livelihood.
The DFO, Buffer Area is Project Implementing Agency (PIA) for Integrated Watershed Program
of State Government in Garu Block of District Latehar. The area covered is 7,139.60 ha in
29 villages mostly tribal dominated. As per the DPR the program will cover soil & moisture
conservation, water conservation and utilization, land improvement, agriculture and horticulture
improvement, fuel, fodder and timber plantation, livelihood promotion, women empowerment
etc. for holistic development of the villages.
160
At present, 20 trainings on capacity building, 11 new ponds and 10 nos. of renovation of
ponds have been carried out. More than 50 meetings with the villagers have been conducted
successfully.
The Nature Conservation Society had implemented Integrated Watershed Management

Programme in 11 watersheds during 1995 to 2000 covering the area of 6,000 ha in Garu Block.
The work continued for two years and then it was closed by the State Government. During this
period, 55 SHGs were created in which 23 are still working. The numbers of water harvesting
structures created were 24 during the period.
Central Government sponsored Sarju Action Plan in being implemented in Garu Block to
reduce the impact of insurgency and promote goodwill among local communities. The welfare
activities for the villages are being initiated particularly health check- up camps.
3. NGOs
Several small NGOs were involved in various programs related to health hygiene, awareness
and water conservation. Some of the NGOs like Vedic Society have undertaken the programs of
lac cultivation and child development in Barwadih block. The Garu Mission acting as an NGO
also conducts various developmental activities in Chhipadohar and Garu blocks.
The major initiative was from Nature Conservation Society (NCS) who implemented UNDP
sponsored Community based Biodiversity Conservation Program (CBNRM) in 11 villages of
Barwadih and Garu Blocks from 2008- 11. The major initiative was to reduce dependency of
villages from the forest. The organic farming, organic vegetable farming, lac cultivation and
women empowerment activities were initiated. The program also included creation of stone
boulder check on streams, irrigation through lift, utilization of Lantana for Charcoal making,
vermi-compost unitin Garu and cultivation of lemon grass in Garu area etc.
3.3.4 Tourism
3.3.4.1 Tourism in Tourism Zone:
At present 37.70 km2 area is demarcated as tourism zone in Betla and neighboring forests
compartments. It is overlapping zone. Tourism activity is confined to this zone only.The details
of forests under tourism zone are given below:
Forests of Overlapping Tourism Zone

Area Falling in
Name of Range Name of Forests Area (in Ha)
Sanctuary & N.P
Betla Betla Comp. 1 1,386.87 N.P.
Betla Betla Comp. 2 1,152.15 N.P.
Betla Dorami P.F. (Old P.F.) 494.93 N.P.
Betla Betla 'B' Reserve Forests 37.43 Sanctuary
Betla Betla K.R.F. 81.03 Sanctuary
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Chhipadohar (W) Kuchila(Old P.F.) 108.87 Sanctuary
Chhipadohar (E) Kerh(Old P.F.) 57.48 Sanctuary
Chhipadohar (E) Gari(New P.F.) 451.99 Sanctuary
Total 3770.75
Table- 44: Forests in Tourism Zone
The Project Tiger has the facility for accommodation of tourists in the following Forest Rest
Houses, Tourists lodges and dormitories at different places:
S.No Location Available accommodation No. of Suits/ Room

1 Betla Forest Rest House No.1 2
2 -do- Forest Rest House (Main) 2 (AC)
3 -do- Tourist lodge 4 (AC)
4 -do- Janta lodge 5
5 -do- Dormitory 1
6 Kerh Forest Rest House 2
7 Barwadih Forest Rest House 2
8 Baresanr Forest Rest House 2
9 Kechaki Forest Rest House 2
10 Garu Forest Rest House 2
11 Maromar Forest Rest House 2
12 Aksi Forest Rest House 2
13 Rud Forest Rest House 2
Table- 45: Available Accommodation
Besides, there is Jharkhand State Tourism Development Hotel (Van Vihar) having 2 A.C. rooms,
1 Double bedded tree house, 7 Deluxe rooms, 16 Economy rooms, 4 Three-bedded dormitories,
1 – Eight - bedded dormitory, 2 Five - bedded dormitories and , 2 other private hotels Debjani
& Naihar having 16 & 7 rooms respectively beside 2 dormitories of 10 beds & 5 beds capacity
respectively.
The number of tourists visited during last 5 years is as below:
Year Indian Foreigner Total

2010 11,319 114 11,433
2011 15,536 139 15,675
2012 16,122 102 16,224
2013 22,437 77 22,514
2014 25,890 37 25,927
Table- 46: Year wise number of visitors
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Tourists flow during October to January every year remains high. 2 elephants are available
at Betla for tourists to get around the tourist zone to see the wild animals. One female calf of
elephant rescued in August, 2014 from Garu Range is also kept at Betla and has become center
of attraction. The transport both government and private is available for tourists. The trained
guide facility along with canteen is also available.
Management of tourism Zone
Betla Tourism Zone is unique in the sense that all major wildlife is found in PTR except sloth
bear and nilgai could be seen in this zone also, because of intensive wildlife management for
tourism in the area. The number of grassland were created at different places, the waterhole are
maintained and roads for tourists have been aligned in such a way that these pass along the
grasslands and waterholes. Although the biotic pressure is too much from surrounding villages,
but wildlife is still present in this area in good number. One can see elephant, gaur and other
wildlife including tigers in this small area.
3.3.4.2 Eco- Tourism:
This modern concept of tourism involves local communities for the management of the tourist
and tourism area. This concept is excellent in taking the cooperation from the villages and also
managing the habitat and wildlife. This initiative is beneficial for management of Betla tourism
zone and also tourist places spread in different parts of buffer such as Palamau Fort, Kechki,
Tatha, Mandal, Kutku, Baresanr, Maromar, Aksi, Rud, Bijaypur, Mundu etc. The community
involvement in management of tourist will be empowerment to the local community.
3.4 Research, Monitoring and Wildlife Health
(As per core plan)
3.5 Nature Education and Interpretation
The Nature Interpretation Centre at Betla offers excellent facilities for visitors to educate
themselves about the flora, fauna, ecological processes, local cultures and conservation value
of the reserve. It has a museum, dioramas, a well-stocked library with many rare books and
manuscripts, specimen displays, auditorium, etc.
Some steps which have been taken by the reserve management for aiding visitor education are
as follows:
• Monogram of the tiger reserve, printed t-shirts, jackets, brochures, pamphlets,

handouts, reading material and other souvenirs have been prepared and put up for
sale to visitors.
• Themes and messages have been developed and displayed on the following:
♦ History of conservation in Palamau TR.
♦ Prey-predator relationship of tiger & other carnivores through different dioramas.
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♦ Behavior, social life, ecology and biology of tiger, leopard, elephant, gaur and
other animals with life size models
♦ Effects of illegal felling of trees
♦ Ecological processes & functions
♦ Tribal life.
♦ Habitat utilization by different species.
♦ Dos & Don’ts:
♦ Various signboards have been put across the tiger reserve to inform people of
rules and regulations as well as milestones/for providing direction. There are
also orientation signboards including maps, location sketches, etc.
♦ Video films on forests, wildlife and biodiversity conservation, participatory
forest management, etc. exist for display to tourists during the evenings at the
NIC and the tourist lodge hall at Betla.
In addition to the above, nature education initiatives such as visit of school children and
teachers, awareness programmes in schools and local tourism are being promoted by the reserve
management.
3.6 Administration and Organization
Buffer Area is spread over seven Ranges namely Betla, Chhipadohar East, Chhipadohar West,
Garu East, Garu West, Baresanr and Kutku which are part of the Buffer Area and Core area
Division. There are 75 sub beats in the buffer area which are under 13 beats. The structure of
the organization is mentioned in the core plan. There are 170 EDCs in the Buffer area.
164
CHAPTER – 4
PRODUCTION SECTORS IN THE

LANDSCAPE
The following sectors of production in the Buffer influence directly the status of wildlife. These
sectors are either related to habitat or livelihood of people who are depending directly on the
natural resources of habitat. These production sectors influence status of forest, wildlife in all
the management issues.
4.1 Forestry:
The forest productivity depends on the status of forests and its utilization. The global forest
productivity is 2.1 million m3 per ha per year. The productivity in Indian forest is as low as 0.7
million m3 per ha per year (Anubhutti, 2012). The forest in Indian condition has also the different
net productivity in evergreen, moist green, dry deciduous and teak forests. The basic fact for this
net productivity depends upon the regeneration capacity, utilization of forests for fuel wood,
timber and NTFP and grazing. There is not much work carried out on the productivity sector.
Some works on tropical dry deciduous forest have been carried out by Saru Khan (1955), Singh
& Singh (2010) in Satpura area. The productivity reported by these authors is calculated to be
gross primary productivity as 16- 50 million tons per ha per year. The net primary productivity
was calculated to be 4- 18 tons per ha per year. The productivity in Palamau Tiger Reserve has
not been calculated previously, but if we take the standard at par with Satpura area of Central
India as 1.35 tons per ha per year (Singh and Singh, 2012) as a benchmark, then the total
productivity in Palamau Tiger Reserve will be approximately 1,52,540.55 tons per year.
This productivity is being utilized by villagers, traders, graziers, NTFP collectors and other
stakeholders including Government and Non- Governmental Agencies.
The factor influencing the productivity
A. Extraction as fuel wood, housing and agricultural needs by villagers- Each household
utilizes nearly 2,800 kg of fuel wood, agriculture timber and housing material per year at the
average in the villages (as per sample survey, 2011). The total consumption in this sector will
be approximately 53,807.6 tons per year in Palamau Tiger Reserve.
B. Illicit Felling- The illicit timber felling as per the official records is 59 trees per year in buffer
area which is approximately 94.4 tons. The theft of timber and firewood which are transported
through train, road etc. may be around 1,500 trees x 1.6 tons = 2,400 tons per year.
C. Grazing- The average smaller variety cattle consume 6 kg per day and buffalo and larger
variety of cattle consume nearly 9 kg fodder per day, then fodder requirement for one year of
165
each cattle will be approximately 7.5kg x 365 days= 2,737.50 kg fodder per cattle per year. The
cattle presence in PTR is approximately 1,50,000, so the total fodder requirement for cattle
alone will be approximately 4,10,625.0 tons per year in PTR.
D. NTFP- The collection and sale of NTFP from the buffer may be approximately 5,000 tons
per year, which includes sal seed, kendu leaf, mahulan leaf, medicinal plants, resin and gums,
seeds and fruits, tubers etc.
4.2 Agriculture:
4.2.1 Agriculture:
Agriculture is the main occupation but is not sufficient to sustain the household for the whole
year. People need supplemental employment as wage labor or any other income-generating
scheme. The land holdings are very small or if large are mostly on tanr or unproductive land.
Lack of proper irrigation, marketing facility, banking facility, technology and education makes
the agriculture unsustainable.
All the villages are having unfertile land which could be divided into tanr (upland), chaur
(middle slope) and dohar (low land). The distribution of these lands is nearly 45% of tanr, 20 %
of chaur and 35% of dohar land. Out of these lands, the main agriculture is practiced in dohar
and chour, so the productivity from these lands is not sufficient for sustaining the households.
The main productivity in household is as per following:
Irrigated agriculture in
Total Rainfed Agriculture in HH Total
Type of farmers HH
HH HH
ST SC OBC ST SC OBC
Marginal farmer 7,863 185 25 11 152 13 8 394
Small farmer 2,959 11 1 1 5 1 1 20
Middle farmer 2,067 2 1 1 1 1 1 7
Big farmer 969 1 1 1 1 0 0 4
Landless farmer 14,366 73 23 11 0 0 0 107
28,224
Table- 47: Type of farmers
Type of farmers Total income of HH per year (in Rs) Total expected HH
ST SC OBC Others income per year from
agriculture (in Rs.)
Marginal farmer 3,6224.44 5,433.66 21,734.66 36,224.44 99,617.21
Small farmer 7,034.81 977.05 5,862.34 7,816.459 21,690.68
Middle farmer 2,593.91 2,161.59 6,484.78 5,403.99 16,644.29
Big farmer 920.49 3,068.32 1,265.68 2,301.247 7,555.76
Landless farmer 24,644.89 7,041.39 14,082.79 3,520.698 49,289.78
Table- 48: Type of farmers and expected yearly income from agriculture
166
The distribution of household in the population consisting of ST, SC and OBC in the villages
who are practicing agriculture could be divided into marginal farmers (37.7%), small farmers
(10.19%), middle farmers (11.27%), big farmers (4.11%) and landless farmers (36.73%). These
households practice agriculture which is mostly rain-fed (depending upon rain) and very less
through irrigation. The assured irrigation is very little, because water source in the villages are
scarce and dried up during summer.
Graph- 22: Type of farmers
The productivity on the basis of cropping pattern season wise gives the poor picture of agriculture
production. The upland/ tanr has mostly maize, kulthi, madua, lothani, gondli, ground nut,
arhar, urad, barai and til etc. has 62% of total production from agriculture because it is from
maximum available land. This land cultivation depends upon rain.
The next available land is chaur which is cultivated with goda paddy, gondli and urad constitute
nearly 15% of total cultivation.
Dohar land which is the best but constitute very little has 23% of production in the form of
paddy.
Thus, the production wise land distribution is also very poor.
The other agriculture productivity like fruit, trees (horticulture) and vegetable cultivation is also
poor. The vegetable are grown during rainy season for mostly personal use but some farmers
have started cultivation of potato and other vegetable for sale in the market. The summer
vegetables fetch good income but it cultivated very less because of scarcity of water.
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Graph- 23: Production from different type of land
4.2.2 Animal Production:
The production of milk from cattle is less as most of the cattle are of smaller variety. It is
estimated that nearly 80% of the total livestock in the villages constitute cows and bulls. Nearly
6% are buffalos and rest 14% constitutes the local variety of goats and pigs. The local poultry is
used for own consumption mostly. The cows are unproductive in the sense that they yield very
little milk. The bulls are sold in the market for agriculture purposes. The income generating
source from livestock is goat which is sold in weekly market. It is indicated from the survey
that nearly Rs. 15,000 per year is earned from livestock. These livestock are only protected
during the night and are left in the forest during the day, so the local community has to care little
on keeping livestock. Sometimes two or three persons take all the livestock of the villages for
grazing in the forest and are paid by the village community.
4.3 Integrated Development (Eco-development, development through District
Administration):
The PTR has undertaken the initiative to empower 65 selected EDCs in different ranges. These
EDCs are linked with preparation of 5 years micro plan, initiation of village infrastructure
development, provision of livelihood training, development of horticulture and water provision
in these villages. The productivity in these villages is not much as funding for EDCs is irregular.
The initiation of some developmental activities brought about the changes in the local community
and villagers started supporting the PTR management in various activities.
The convergence of MGNREGA, Watershed Development Program, Intervention by NGOs
and MESO Development initiated in the villages has brought about some changes in production
in the villages but these productions are not sufficient to reduce the dependency of the villages
on the forest.
4.4 Tourism:
The tourism is restricted in Betla in tourist zone only. The revenue earned by the PTR is Rs.
77,19,798. The other beneficiary from tourism are local tourist vehicle operators, guides, local
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hotels and tea shops. Nearly 200 households of Betla, Saraidih, Pokhari, Kutmu, Akhra etc.
villages are benefitted from tourism.
4.5 Fisheries:
There is not much scope of fisheries development as large water bodies which are perennial is
lacking. One water body in Garu block and one dam in Gadi village practice fisheries. However,
nearly 100 farm- ponds are used for seasonal fish culture in different villages of buffer area. The
revenue earned from fisheries is nearly Rs. 50 lakhs in entire buffer villages.
4.6 Tea / Coffee Estates:
Not practiced.
4.7 Road / Rail Transport.
There are two major rail heads in Barwadih and Chhipadohar which cater the local population.
Earlier there was no communication except few buses to transport passengers to rail heads or
nearby townships. Now a day’s number of buses, taxies, three wheelers are frequently available
from Mahuadanr, Garu, Baresanr to Chhipadohar and Barwadih and even to Daltonganj. The
income from these vehicles could not be used as productive, because most of these vehicles are
owned by outsiders except few by local tribals.
4.8 Industry:
There is no major industry in PTR buffer except some cottage industries of carpet weaving in
Betla, Saraidih, Pokhari villages in which Muslim community is involved.
4.9 Mining:
There is no mining operation now in PTR area. The old coal mine in Hutar situated in buffer is
now closed.
4.10 Thermal Power Plant:
No thermal power plant is situated in buffer area.
4.11 Irrigation Project:
There is one irrigation project, i.e. North Koel Irrigation Project (Kutku Dam) which was started
in 1971 but yet to be completed.
4.12 Temple Tourism:
There is no such temple tourism of any significance.
4.13 Communication Projects:
No such project exists in the area.
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CHAPTER – 5
LAND USE PATTERN AND

CONSERVATION- MANAGEMENT
ISSUES
5.1. Land- Use Classification
There are 191 villages in and around the buffer area which could be called as dependency
villages. These villages utilize the natural resources of buffer forest for fuelwood, small timber,
housing, minor forest produce and grazing. Almost all dependency of these villages falls on the
buffer forest.
The total land area of these dependency villages is 475.15 km2. The buffer forest area is 715.85
km2, so for the planning part of view the buffer forest area and dependency village area could
be considered for management. This total area constitutes 1191 km2 as impacted buffer of PTR.
The land use in the villages considering the total village area of dependency villages is 475.15
km2. The water bodies includes river, streams, check dam, ponds etc. constitute 17.38 km2. The
land classification of this area is as following:
Classes Area (in km2) %

Habitation 12.27 2.58
Agricultural land 284.02 59.77
Waste land/ Cultivated 178.69 37.61
Waste land/ Uncultivated 0.17 0.04
Total Village Area 475.15 100.00
Table- 49: Land classification of dependency villages (sources- JSAC,

Ranchi), 2012
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Graph- 24: Land classification of villages
5.2. Socio- Economic Profile of the Villages-
There are 191 dependency villages in and around buffer area. The total population as per 2011
census is 1,49,374 in which ST population is 58.07%, SC population is 17.81% and OBC &
others population are 23.22%. The percent of literate population is 39.77%.
Graph- 25: Population Dynamics

The ST population constitutes more than 50% in the villages (Table- 17). These ST belongs
to Chero, Khairwar, Munda, Oraon, Birjiya, Parahiya, Korwa, Kisan (Nagesia) etc. These
tribes have close affinity with the forest. The livelihood is mainly forest based in the form of
NTFP collection, medicinal plants and various types of roots, tubers, resins and gums. The
dependency is also for housing, grazing, agriculture implements and fire wood. The religion,
costume, festival and ritual are also based upon forest. They follow “Sarna” religion in which
trees like Sal, Karam are worshiped.
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The SC is mostly Bhuiya community who live in association with tribal community. The OBC
and other constitute the population of outsiders who have settled now in these villages. These
are mainly Bania (trading community), Yadav, Rajputs and Brahmins.
5.2.1 Work distribution
As per the census records 2011, the total of workers in the buffer is 43,556, which are divided
into main worker (12.5%), marginal worker (18.54%), non- worker (43.35%), main cultivators
(5.39%), marginal cultivators (6.62%), main and marginal agricultural labourer 3.98% and
8.96% respectively; and persons involving in main and marginal HH industries are 0.31% and
0.37% respectively.
This results show the working condition of the villages in which cultivators constitute only
12.01% including main and marginal farmers. The other categories are mainly worker and these
are major workforce in the area.
Graph- 26: Work Distribution

The economic condition of these workers is mainly Below Poverty Line (BPL). The dependency
on forest is for everything including trading of forest produce which provide their income. The
other developmental schemes from Government and Non- Government Agencies has improved
the situation to the some extents regarding transport, communication, health, education etc.
but livelihood promotion is main concern in these villages to reduce dependency on forests for
every need. The detail productivity is given in the chapter no- 4.
5.3. Resource Dependence of Villages
The villages depend heavily on forest natural resources as other means of sustenance are not
available to the extent of minimum requirement. The agriculture and crop production is very
poor. The major population is workforce worker. The land is not fit for major cultivation
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which could sustain villages for the whole year. The livestock production is also poor. So, all
the villages are heavily dependent upon natural forest resources of PTR buffer. The extent of
utilization of natural resource of buffer has also come from adjoining villages who are not the
part of dependency villages, because the forest area around buffer is degraded more and those
villagers are forced to come to buffer area forest for livelihood requirements.
As per the sample survey in the villages the following are the major type of dependency:
5.3.1 Household Dependency
The population depends upon forest to run their daily needs of household from the forest in the
form of collection of fire wood, timber etc. for cooking, agriculture and housing to the extent of
approximately 2,800 kg of wood per year per household. The average price of 1 kg of wood if
minimum Rs. 5.00 then total is Rs. 14000 per household per year.
5.3.2 Livelihood Dependency
The livelihood is essential to run the family. This livelihood option through sale of products
comes from the forest. The livelihood could be divided into following parts.
A. Daily requirement- The villagers collect materials for daily requirements such as
tubers, fruits, flowers, medicinal plants, firewood for daily basis.
B. To earning- Village has no options except to collect and sale the materials form the
forest for trading. The local Bania/ trader purchases medicinal plants, NTFP collected
from the forest. These are mainly kendu leaf, mahulan leaf, hara, bahera, amla, bel,
mushroom, musli, satawar, honey etc. It is estimated that a household is able to collect
and sale the product worth approximately Rs. 10,000 per year.
C. Village finished products- The women folk collects phoenix leave and prepares
carpet for household use and sale. The Bhuiyan / Turi community collects bamboos to
prepare bamboo- articles, which are sold in the weekly markets. It is estimated to be
approximately Rs. 5 to 10 thousands per household per year.
D. Livestock earning- The cattle, goat, pig etc. utilize forest resources for food. These
livestock provide income to the household to the tune of approximately Rs. 10,000 per
year.
The dependency for normal running of household and income generation for the need of
family are all met through forest resources of buffer which is approximately Rs. 30,000,00
per household per year worth of forest produce. The total revenue generation to the village
community apart from illicit trade is calculated to be approximately Rs. 8,467.2 lakhs per year
from buffer forest.
5.4 Human- Wildlife Conflict
The Human-wildlife conflict is mostly in the form of cattle killing by predators, crop raiding by
elephants and other herbivores, death and injuries by elephants and sloth bears and goat lifting
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by wolf. These conflicts are resolved through payment of compensation as per the Government
of Jharkhand prescribed rates (Table- 7). This conflict is also tried to be minimized through
other measures taken by PTR. So the conflict is divided into following:
5.4.1. Causes of Conflicts
A. Livestock killing-
Cattle lifting and killing by the large predators in the buffer of PTR is more because they go
to graze in the forest. As per the records 328 no. of cattle including goats were killed between
2012 to 2014. The kills by tiger are 30%, by leopard 65% and rest are by small predators like
wolf, hyena etc.
Graph- 27: Cattle killed by predators

B. Human death and injuries by wildlife:
As per the records 23 death and 111 injuries were reported in buffer of PTR from 2002- 14 due
to conflicts with wildlife.
C. Damage to Agriculture Crop & Human Properties by Wildlife
There are reports of crop damage of 230 acres in the buffer area from 2002- 14. The magnitude
of crop raiding is more by elephants in Betla, Chhipadohar East & West, Garu East and West
and Baresanr Ranges. The other wildlife such as chital, wild boar also damage the crops which
are adjacent to forest area.
5.4.2 Conflict resolutions-
A. Payment of Compensation
The payment of compensation has been made to the tune of approx. Rs. 112.00 lakhs for all
categories of conflict in buffer area from 2000 - 14. The payment for livestock killing is approx.
Rs. 12,00,000.00 and for human death, injuries approx. Rs. 8,00,000.00 and for damage of
crops approx. Rs. 92,00,000 during the corresponding period.
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Graph- 28: Compensation paid
B. Provision of Crop protection
The PTR provides crop squad, torches, kerosene oil for flaming torches etc. in the most affected
villages for guarding the crop during elephant depredation period. An amount of approx. Rs.
5.00 Lakh is spent on this activity every year. The EDCs are involved in the protection also.
The EDC members are being trained for chasing elephants which are helpful in controlling the
loss of crop.
C. Protection Measures
The Elephant Proof Tranches (EPT) and solar power electric fencing are the common measure
adopted in the PTR buffer villages. A total length of 40 km of EPT has been provided in Betla
and Maromar of buffer to protect crops from elephants and wildlife. The 2 km length of solar
fencing was provided in 1991 in Betla, which proved to be failure.
5.5 Assessment of Input of Line Agencies / Other Department
Please refer chapter No.- 3, Section- 3.3, Sub- Section- 3.3.3 Developmental Programmes in
this plan.
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PART - B : THE PROPOSED
MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER – 6

PROBLEMS
6.1. Vision
The buffer area shall be managed for maintaining a secure shield around the core/critical tiger
habitat against outside biotic pressures, providing safe habitat for spill over tigers and other
wildlife, strengthening connectivity and corridors of the reserve with the larger tiger landscape
and for aggressively pursuing an agenda for minimal-impact, co-existence of local communities
with the habitat.
The buffer area shall be managed with the following broad goals:
• To continue and intensify protection efforts and improve population densities of wild
species, particularly tiger, co-predators and prey to sub optimal level of the core area.
• To secure the integrity of habitat and its contiguity with the larger tiger landscape.
• To pursue aggressively the involvement of local communities in protection of habitat
and wildlife.
• To take steps to provide local communities with alternate sources of livelihood and
reduce their dependence on the habitat.
• To mitigate human-wildlife conflict.
• To coordinate with district administration, NGOs and other government and non-
government agencies for streamlining management in the area.
• To regulate the pressure of existing linear intrusions such as roads, railways and
power lines, etc and prevent further linear and other intrusions into the habitat.
• To prevent any unsustainable landscape uses.
• To strengthen reserve infrastructure, frontline staff strength and build staff capacity.
• To actively encourage research and monitoring activities.
6.3. Management Objectives
The management objectives shall be in consonance with Section 38(V) of the Wildlife
(Protection) Act, 1972, as amended in 2006. They shall be as follows:
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• To protect and conserve the tiger and its habitat along with its co-predators and
conserve sustainable prey population and bio-diversity of the Buffer Area of the
Tiger Reserve.
• To protect and conserve the ecosystem of the Buffer Area and maintain the bio-
diversity through people’s active participation.
• To reverse the trend of habitat fragmentation and loss.
• To generate stake-holding and participation of the local populace and various sections
of society in the program of wildlife conservation.
6.3.1 The broad measures to achieve the objectives:
• To activate the Eco development Committees (EDCs) for regulation of grazing in the
fringes of forest.
• To train the regular staff in participatory activities in the buffer areas.
• To regulate the over exploitation of the minor forest produce in the buffer.
• To initiate the Eco- tourism activities in the buffer. The EDCs may be associated in the
conducting tours as the guides, making arrangement in the Rest Houses, promotion
of the local handicrafts etc. A mechanism to share the revenue with the EDCs may
be developed.
• To organize researches on productivity, utilization of habitat, grazing pressure,
dependency of people, wildlife management, habitat monitoring, impact of
anthropogenic pressure on habitat and wildlife, man- animal conflict and other
researches to help the management of buffer.
• To provide training and increasing capacity building of the local community towards
various types of livelihood promotions, alternate agriculture development, promoting
dry land horticulture, empowering the women and youths towards conservation and
involving local communities in various income generation sources with market
linkages to reduce dependency on forest.
• To take active cooperation of local communities in monitoring and protection of
tigers, other predators and wildlife.
6.3.2 Tiger Conservation Strategy in the Buffer Area
• Comprehensive scientific assessment of tiger population will be carried out.

• In Betla area restoration of the habitat will be carried out to increase the availability
of fodder for the wild animals as well as the domestic cattle. So that they do not go
into core area. Sufficient water will be made available at the fringes, so that the cattle
do not mingle with the wild animals for water.
• Important tiger areas in the buffer will be identified and monitored.
• The habitat protection with graded management interventions for the buffer will be
carried out.
• Massive awareness and sensitization programs will be carried out among local
communities in order to garner public support for wildlife and tiger concerns.
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• Human-tiger conflict mitigation measures will continue and further enhanced for
increasing promptness and efficiency–particularly timely issuance of compensation
for livestock killing. In addition, the services of NGOs and government schemes will
be taken for encouraging dairy development and breed improvement program for the
local cattle in order to shift livestock rearing practices to stall-fed cattle instead of
free-grazing cattle. This will give the added benefit of providing alternate livelihood
to people. The other livestock like piggery poultry duck- rearing will be promoted to
reduce cattle pressure.
6.4. Problems in Achieving the Objectives
• The village population is increasing along with the requirement of housing and
other livelihood. These villagers depend upon buffer forest for grazing, fuel wood,
agriculture timber, housing timber, NTFP and other livelihood resources.
• The problem of insurgency is causing hindrance in movement of staffs, development
works and other protection measures.
• The number of regular staffs has been reduced to 10% at present.
• The convergence of different developmental activities in the villages is not reaching
properly and dependency on forest resources is increasing gradually.
• The local communities are very poor with very low productivity and livelihood
opportunities.
6.5. Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities- Threats (Limitations) (SWOT) Analysis
6.5.1 Strengths
• Very rich biodiversity - Rich flora and fauna including rare medicinal plants,
arthropods, climbers and orchids etc.
• Better ecological condition - Large area with occurrence of edges, ecotones, riparian
zones and abundant niches.
• Landscape connectivity - Excellent contiguity with adjoining habitats as well as the
Central Indian tiger landscape which includes tiger reserves like Sanjay, Bandhavgarh,
Achanakmar and protected areas such as Guru Ghasidas National Park, Timor Pingla
WLS, Semarsot WLS, Palkot WLS and Lawalong WLS.
• Simple villagers - the local tribal villagers are very simple and desire to live with
harmony with nature as prescribed by their religion- Sarna. They want to protect
forest and help in management if desired by management.
• Better infrastructure for fire control, anti- poaching & mobility - Strong
administrative infrastructure at range and beat levels, good communication network
and better mobility and anti- poaching activities.
• Good approach - almost every area is connected through forest roads.
• Positive attitude of PA managers and staff to enhance the status of tiger reserve.
The community support is the biggest strength of the reserve. It will help accomplishing long
term conservation objectives.
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6.5.2 Weaknesses
• Acute shortage of forest guards

• Aged frontline staffs- Present frontline staff is likely to retire within one or two
years which will create complete vacuum.
• Poor staff welfare measures
• No support staff and infrastructure for computerized reporting, monitoring and
management in range offices
• Untrained and uninformed staff on modern techniques and management issues of
wildlife conservation.
• Late availability of funds
• No handsets/ mobile to the frontline staff
• Insufficient vehicles for frontline staff mobility
ØØ Biotic pressure
• Unregulated resource extraction from the PA

• Unregulated grazing
ØØ Research, documentation and monitoring- the monitoring, documentation and

research on various topics concerning habitat, wildlife and impact is inadequate.
6.5.3 Opportunities
• Involvement of local communities in Eco-tourism

• Involvement of local youths in management through various ways
• Mass awareness drive on Tiger Protection, prey protection and habitat protection
• More documentation, monitoring reports and researches on habitat and wildlife
• Involvement of all departments through interaction
There are not much external opportunities for the reserve to bank upon, due to obvious reasons.
However, there are several internal opportunities for improvement of the reserve, which may
lead to more external opportunities.
6.5.4 Threats (Limitations)
• Naxalite activities and poor law and order

• Increasing cattle population
• Increased natural resource utilization
• Weed infestation
• Misinterpretation of Tribal Act (FRA)
• Linear intrusions such as roads, railway lines and power transmission lines into the
habitat.
• Auranga Coalfields, 10 km from buffer of the reserve.
• Proposed Kutku dam, which may submerge a large area of buffer (115.40 km2 area),
if the dam is constructed.
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• Exploitation of locals by traders and outsiders
• Unemployment among local youth
• Settlement of outsiders in the villages nearer core.
• Biotic pressure from the adjoining villages
It is quiet worrying that the reserve is facing multidimensional threats. Some of the threats are
basically internal and could be minimized through management interventions.
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CHAPTER – 7
7.1. Delineation of Buffer area and Other Zones within the Buffer area (Eco-
development Zone, Forestry Zone, Production Sector Zone etc.)
Buffer area has been delineated and notified vide Government of Jharkhand, Notification No.
Wildlife 05/2012-2911 dated 14-07-2012 (Annexure- XVI). The total Area of buffer is 715.85
km2 comprising of 565.19 km2 area of Palamau Wildlife Sanctuary (including12.78 km2 area of
Betla National Park) and 150.66 km2 area of 41 Reserve and Protected Forests outside Protected
Area (PA). The Buffer Area will be delineated into the following zones:
• Eco- Development Zone

• Forestry Zone
• Eco-Tourism Zone
Map- 31: Zone Plan of Palamau Tiger Reserve
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7.2 Zone and Theme Approaches to Management Strategies
7.2.1 Zone plans
7.2.1.1 Eco- Development Zone
For implementation of eco-development activities and reducing resource dependency of

local people on surrounding forests, site specific need based eco-development initiatives will
be initiated in the villages through preparation of micro plans and initiating the activities of
agriculture development, horticulture development, agro- forestry, alternate cropping system,
improved livestock management and various other livelihood promotions in the villages. The
convergence programs of other governmental and NGOs will be promoted. The efforts will be
made to reduce the dependency of the villages on habitat and to seek better cooperation from
local communities in the management. The help of NGOs could be taken to fulfill the objectives.
The villages in entire area of Buffer i.e. 715.85 km2 will be taken up for eco- development
activities (Annexure- XVII).
The activities to be undertaken in this zone are:
• The activities shall be taken up in all 191 villages in the buffer area as per guidelines
and resolutions issued by the Government of Jharkhand for Joint Forest Management
as well as directives of the State Government and NTCA shall be followed keeping
in view the provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, as amended in 2006.
• Site-specific need based Eco-development initiatives will be taken up based on
participatory village level micro- planning, which will be carried out for local
communities to strengthen their livelihood, reduce forest dependence and initiate
biomass regeneration.
• The micro-plans will serve as guidelines for overall sustainable development of
villages and reciprocal commitment of the EDCs in the buffer area.
A three-way approach shall be adopted for Eco-development activities:
• Infrastructure support - The EDC will be provided with basic infrastructure

supports in the villages like office furniture, tent, durries, petromax, stationeries,
creation of assets for livelihood supports like processing units, handicraft centers etc.
• Capacity building - The various type of training will be conducted for men and
women on need based livelihood promotions with market supports and empowerment
of community on health, education, hygiene, important acts and laws etc. Imparting
livelihood skills to youth particularly girls will be undertaking to improve their
employment options and reduce forest- dependence.
• Development initiative - The developmental need based initiative for EDCs will
include development of agriculture, horticulture, vegetable cultivation, dry land
farming, alternate cropping system, animal husbandry promotion (poultry, fisheries,
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honey bee, duck rearing etc.), promotion of mechanical repairing, travelling, driving,
handicraft development etc.
The EDCs will be involved in management of ecotourism, protection and management of
forest and wildlife.
7.2.1.2 Forestry Zone
This zone covers Betla, Chhipadohar (East), Chhipadohar (West), Kutku, Garu (East), Garu
(West) & Baresanr Ranges. This Zone will be used for providing protection from biotic
interferences. The area is rich in biodiversity and has got rights of the villagers.
• The forestry operations commensurate to the wildlife management will be carried

out in the RFs and PFs (150.66 km2) of buffer area and habitat management activities
will be carried out in the part of Buffer area falling in Palamau Wildlife Sanctuary
and Betla National Park in an area of 565.19 km2. The habitat management activities
in this zone shall be geared towards wildlife concerns and shall aim towards
regeneration of natural habitat, eradication of weeds, prevention and control of fires,
restoration of grasslands and meadows, creation and maintenance of waterholes and
saltlicks, soil conservation measures and measures to conserve natural water bodies,
springs and streams are as per NTCA guidelines.
• The silvicultural activities commensurate to the wild life management will be carried
out to restore the ecosystem, increase the productivity of the reserve and to enable
the local people to use the resources on sustainable manner. The removal of the trees
in the zone will be carried out in a manner that it does not leave a gap beyond 45%
and only those trees will be felled which have the status of the regeneration under the
category established.
• No commercial felling will be allowed. The tree felling and the thinning operations
shall be carried out as per the guidelines of the NTCA, keeping in view the status of
regeneration, disturbance level in the forest. The canopy opening will be regulated
to keep the ungulate population 30% below the core area for which comparison with
the core area may be made.
• The plantation and improvement of bamboo (Cleaning of bamboo clumps to reduce
congestion and removal of dead, dying and diseased bamboo to improve the health),
natural and artificial regeneration in the gaps, rehabilitation of degraded forests, soil
and moisture conservation will be carried out. NTFP collection will not be permitted
in the area having with disturbance and un-established regeneration. No lopping and
felling of the trees will be allowed for collection of the NTFP. Over exploitation of
the NTFP will be minimized. Timings of the collection of the NTFPs should not be
in the morning and evening.
• The forest areas which are not the part of Sanctuary and National Park but have
been included in the Buffer area now were worked earlier as per the prescriptions of
the Working Plan. Kendu leaf collection used to be the regular activity from these
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forests. After their being declared as part of the tiger reserve the collection of NTFP
like kendu leaf and other forestry operations will be allowed from these forests in
the light of the clarification received from NTCA vide latter No 1-12/2008-NTCA
dated 26th May, 2009. This will be subject to the guidelines of NTCA in respect of
collection of NTFP.
• Protection against illicit felling, hunting, poaching, grazing, fire, etc as per
Security plan will be carried out. Survey and demarcation of boundary pillars and
the replacement of the damaged boundary pillars will be done. Fire protection by
involving the people, maintenance and construction of roads, fire-watch tower, fire
line and facilities for staff etc will also be carried. Fruit trees like Harrra (Terminalia
chebula), Bahera (Terminalia belerica), Anwala (Emblica officinalis), Ziziphus and
Ficus species etc. will be conserved.
• Eco- Development Committees will be activated to regulate grazing and immunization
of village livestock. Collection of fuel and fodder will not be permitted in the areas
poor in regeneration. A recovery period will be prescribed for regulation of grazing,
fuel and fodder area.
7.2.1.3 Eco- tourism Zone
Eco-tourism activities in the Buffer Area will be used as important component of eco-
development for strengthening the livelihood of the local people and the protection of the area.
The area of the tourism zone in Betla is 37.73 km2 and other tourist places like Kechki
confluence, Barwadih hill, Tatha, Mandal, Sarwat hill, Palamau Fort, Auranga River view
at Betla, Kamaldah, Mirchaiya fall, Rud, Pandra Valley, Maromar, Suggabandh etc will be
developed for ecotourism initiative in association with local village communities.
Following are the objectives of the ecotourism plan:

• To ensure sustainable, carefully regulated, wildlife-centric tourism keeping in
view the provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, as amended 2006, and
guidelines of the NTCA.
• To popularize the reserve amongst naturalists, wildlife enthusiasts and the public at
large.
• To enforce rules and models of tourism that inculcate a spirit of non-intrusive,
educative and respectful observation, study and enjoyment of nature amongst
visitors while actively discouraging picnicking, merrymaking, littering, noise and
other forms of nuisance mongering.
• To calculate and enforce a carrying capacity of the tourism zone in order to prevent
overcrowding.
• To maintain the ecological tourism, adequate infrastructure will be created to meet
the demand of the tourists. The EDCs will be involved in maintenance and running
these infrastructure.
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• The local communities and EDCs will be trained and made aware of wildlife tourism
and Eco- tourism initiatives. They will serve as guide, drivers, care taker, caterer etc.
for the benefit of tourists.
• The capacity building of local communities will be undertaken for all types of Eco-
tourism activities.
• Some EDCs will be selected as Eco- Villages for visit of tourists.
The activities to be undertaken for management of ecotourism zone are:
• Maintenance of safari paths, grasslands and waterholes only in Betla area.

• Habitat restoration, particularly weed eradication and meadow management only in
Betla area.
• Soil and moisture conservation.
• Intensive patrolling and monitoring.
• Strict regulation of number of visitors, number of vehicles after finding carrying
capacity of the area and safari timings.
• Training of local youth as tourist guides through expert resource persons under
the purview of the Tiger Conservation Foundation; guides shall be compulsory for
visiting tourists before entering the forest.
• Maintenance of domestic elephants for elephant safaris.
• Maintenance of Nature Interpretation Centre, Betla.
• Maintenance of existing tourism infrastructure at Betla.
• Public awareness and publicity
• Promotion of Eco- tourism concept through participation of students, youths, teachers
and general public.
7.2.2 Theme plan
The goal of the plan is to restore, maintain and enhance the biodiversity, habitat and conservation
value of the Reserve as to ensure perpetuation of the tiger as flagship spp. The cooperation
of NGOs and other agencies will be taken to provide assistance in eco - development, eco-
tourism, research, monitoring and other management issues. The activities in the theme plan
will be as follows:
• Protection of habitat from anthropogenic pressures

• Forest fire management
• Tiger/ Wildlife monitoring
• Regular Monitoring & Forecasting
• Community relations
• Human- wildlife conflict mitigation
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There are 191 villages in and around of buffer area, which put varying degree of biotic pressure
on the Palamau Tiger Reserve forest and all of them are dependent upon the reserve for firewood,
timber, fodder and free grazing of animals.
Another 207 villages exist within proposed Eco-sensitive zone of 5 kilometers from the reserve
boundary and are dependent on the reserve for their livelihood requirements. Land under
agriculture is also expanding with the exploding population of these villages. The increasing
population of the villages has caused the situation in the reserve to degenerate into a vicious
circle of overuse, resulting in the overall degradation of the forest area and loss of connectivity
with adjoining habitats.
Illicit felling of trees, illegal collection of firewood and NTFP, poaching of wild animals and
illegal trade of wildlife products, illegal grazing, encroachment etc. are the common illegal
activities carried out by inhabitants of villages. Poaching is severe enough to have seriously
reduced the prey base in the reserve and the corresponding capacity of the reserve to sustain
large carnivores.
The availability of costly timber such as teak and rosewood has lured villagers to indulge in
illicit felling for timber and firewood.
Grazing is a major problem in the reserve and over approx. 1.5 Lakh heads of livestock are
estimated to freely graze within the reserve. This has not only degraded the habitat by the
destruction of undergrowth, spread of weeds and destruction of grasslands even in the core/
critical tiger habitat but it is also one of the principal causes of low prey base in the reserve
owing to non-availability of fodder and grasslands to wild ungulates. This is seriously affecting
the carrying capacity of the reserve to sustain large carnivores and has resulted in intense
human-wildlife conflict from frequent cattle depredation. Livestock grazing also poses the
risk of epidemics of diseases such as Anthrax and Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) to which
wild ungulates are highly susceptible. Following measures will be adopted for improvement/
maintenance of habitat:
• The local people will be engaged in protection of wildlife and the habitat. They may
be provided incentive like ration, uniform, anti- poaching kit etc. the efforts will be
made to put them in groups in different localities and develop those as patrolling
chowkies. They will be instructed to move on foot and monitor the movement of
tiger, elephant etc. they will also be instructed to keep vigil on poachers and persons
engaged in illegal felling of trees. To improve flow of information from patrolling
chowki where wireless/ mobile network is not available, motorcycles will be
provided.
• The inter-departmental coordination will be developed in which local administration,
police and railway will be involved. Local Thanas, Railway Protection Force (RPF)
and GRP as well as the SDM will also be requested frequently to cooperate in
preventing illegal transport of the timber, forest produce, wildlife trophies, uncured
trophies etc.
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• Efforts shall be made to fill up field staff vacancies by fresh recruitment of sanctioned
staff.
• A system of rewards and annual awards shall be instituted for the field staff in order
to encourage their morale.
• There will be regular training of the field staff in the matter related to detection of
crime, filing prosecution reports etc.
• A forensics cell shall be created and maintained at the reserve headquarters and shall
be taken action upon detection of any wildlife/forest crime.
• Timber smuggling routes and trails prone to use by smugglers and poachers have
been identified and shall be put under extra vigilance; steps such as erection of check
gates on these shall be taken.
• Roads, staff infrastructure, fire lines, fire watch towers, culverts, causeways, etc.
shall be maintained; boundary pillars shall be strengthened and marked annually.
• Steps shall be taken to remove encroachers from forestland.
7.2.2.2 Theme plan for Forest Fire management
Fires during the summer season for collecting mahua fruit and kendu (tendu) leaves are a serious
by wildlife and result in gradual reduction in “percentage use” of the habitat and subsequent
disuse.
Fire protection measures have been in practice for a very long period in the reserve. Fire-watch
to control fire. Following measures may be adopted:
• Fire risk zonation may be carried out for better deployment of manpower and other
resources.
• The fire alerts from Forest Survey of India (FSI), Dehradun may be used.
• Range wise fire line register should be maintained with regular inspection note from
authorized officers at predetermined intervals. Accurate and detailed report of forest
fire should be maintained for planning of prevention, detection and suppression of
forest fires.
• Erection of new fire observation towers and maintenance of the existing ones,
should be done depending on the canopy height and canopy spread, to provide
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maximum unobstructed view. The design should provide convenience and safety
to the observer, against, criminals and poachers, lightening, falling trees and high
winds rains. Design and construction of watchtowers should be standardized. Safety,
security and comforts of the staff operating the fire watchtowers should be given
adequate importance.
• Watchtowers should be manned round the clock especially during fire season and
equipped with mobile and wireless, for effective communication.
• Existing fire lines should be maintained and control burnt by January, i.e. before the
dry season sets in.
• The need of new fire lines should be worked out. The principle to be followed is
to break up the area into fire control units, depending upon the topography of the
sanctuary.
• During the dry period, patrolling paths, natural trails etc., which also act as fire lines,
should be similarly maintained.
• Counter firing is adopted, if the fire is so fierce that fire-fighting squad cannot stand
near.
• Deliberate burning of fire in the opposite direction of the advancing fire from a clear
burnt fire trace is done so that on meeting together these fires get extinguished as
there will only be burnt strips left in the front of them without any combustible
material. Topography, direction of wind, speed of advancing fire, availability of labor
etc. should be taken into account for the effective implementation of counter firing.
• Firefighting equipment shall be provided. Tools for fire lighting like, pulaski, brush
hook, double bit axes, power chain saws, raker etc. should be available in the nearest
Beat or Range office in sufficient numbers to meet such emergency. The help of the
local people/ EDCs will be taken in forest fire protection.
7.2.2.3 Theme Plan for Tiger/ Wildlife monitoring
• The population status and dynamics of tiger, reproduction status, existing and
potential corridors for dispersal, etc. shall be studied, documented and monitored.
• Efforts shall be made to understand human-tiger conflict and implement mitigation
measures by employing a combination of best practices from across Indian tiger
reserves, fine-tuning them to suit intricacies and sensitivities of local communities.
• Monitoring of tiger population in the reserve shall be carried out according to
standardized protocols as per Technical document no 1/2011of NTCA. Traditional
practices such as the daily monitoring of tigers using skilled trackers on foot shall
be encouraged. Abundance, occupancy, dispersal source-sink dynamics of the
population shall be documented and monitored.
• Annual estimation of prey abundance and occupancy, population density, etc. shall
be carried out according to established NTCA protocols.
• Technical and physical capacities of field staff, infrastructure shall be built up to
enhance protection and management in the core/critical tiger habitat.
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• All available scientific information on tigers and prey base in the core/critical tiger
habitat shall be compiled and made widely available to government as well as civil
society institutions and public at large.
• A variety of surveys shall be designed and implemented to measure parameters such
as government law enforcement records, village information surveys, direct surveys
of human impact (viz. poaching, grazing, fires, logging, etc.) on annual basis.
• In order to increase transparency and management capabilities of PTR, services of
competent resources persons and organization will be obtained.
• A feedback system shall be created to incorporate information and lessons from the
above exercises in order to create and update management plans for the reserve at the
larger landscape.
• Effective measures viz. increased protection, habitat management, relocation of
villages, etc. shall be taken up to improve prey base.
Map- 32: forest fire occurrence in PTR is overlaid on ASTER DEM
7.2.2.4 Theme Plan for Regular Monitoring & Forecasting
• All direct sightings/ indirect evidences of tiger in the field including details of
evidence and GPS locations are communicated to the main VHF Control Room at
the reserve headquarters where the data is compiled and documented.
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• The collected and compiled data is made available for mapping and analysis.
• A synopsis of wildlife signs and sightings by field staff during daily patrolling is also
compiled and informed on a daily basis according to protocols developed by Wildlife
Institute of India and NTCA.
• All the ranges will be equipped with modern computer facilities with staffs to
compile the regular monitoring data in different ranges. The PTR will carry out
monitoring and evaluation every two years through independent agencies/ person on
the guideline at par with MEE guidelines of NTCA.
7.2.2.5 Theme Plan for building community relations
The eco- development activities are vital to seek community support in the management of the
area. The eco- development activities will be carried out in the villages to seek the support.
The help of district administration and other agencies will be taken as convergence activities
to develop the village and to reduce the dependency of buffer forest. The EDC will also be
involved in ecotourism, patrolling, crop protection, fire fighting and other allied management
activities.
7.2.2.6 Theme Plan for human- wildlife conflict mitigation
Human- wildlife conflict is acute in the reserve. It primarily manifests in the form of livestock
depredation by tigers and leopards. Approximately 100 livestock depredations are reported
every year. Usually, only the loss of economically important livestock viz. bullocks, buffaloes
and milk cows are reported. It is believed that the locals are apathetic towards the loss of
economically unviable animals and may therefore be ignoring the reporting of their loss.
Straying leopards are also reported after being trapped within human dwellings and rescue
operations have been necessitated following such reports. Loss of life, property and crops to
depredation by elephants is also prevalent, particularly in fringe villages during the paddy-
harvesting season. Human deaths and injuries have also resulted from accidental encounters
with elephants or sloth bears.
The payment of compensation to the individuals as approved by the government from time
to time may be made immediately for which a fund has to be maintained at DFO level. He
may be authorized to pay compensation within a week of incident of injury or death by wild
animal. The local EDC/ Mukhiya may be authorized to issue the documents required, like place
of occurrence which will be substantiated by medical report. The EDC will be involved in
assessing the extent of crop damage and report for compensation of crop damage. Similarly the
EDCs will be involved in all protection measure taken on crop raiding.
7.2.2.7 Theme Plan for infrastructure development
The reserve’s management is hampered due to insufficient infrastructure. There is a shortage

of permanent and mobile anti-poaching camps, staff quarters, watchtowers, etc. Some of the
FRHs and other infrastructure have been taken over by Central Reserve Police Force battalions
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engaged in countering insurgency. More staff quarters may be constructed when the newly
recruited guards join the reserve.
7.2.2.8 Theme Plan for control of collection of NTFP items
From time immemorial the people are traditionally attached to the forests for collection of
NTFP items as a supplement to their wages. Due to declaration of the forests as a Protected
Area, the practice of the people is curtailed creating hostile attitude. The activities to control the
collection of NTFP items in the PA are given below:
• To maintain adequate availability of NTFPs for food of wild animals.

• To allow regeneration of the forest from seeds and tubers.
• The people depending upon the NTFP items will be confined to the Traditional Use
Zones and buffer area of the reserve.
• The people will be motivated to cultivate medicinal plants and plants yielding NTFP
items outside the project area through NGOs.
• The NTFP should not be collected from the areas with disturbance and un-established
regeneration.
• Felling and lopping of the trees will not be permitted for NTFP collection.
• For close monitoring of NTFP, collection of NTFP from the reserve will be
documented and analyzed.
• To avoid over exploitation of NTFP- fuels, leave, fruits / flowers / seeds, bark,
rhizomes indicators will be developed and used.
• The technical know-how, inputs and marketing facilities being provided by the
NGOs in collaboration with the tiger reserve authority will be encouraged.
• The EDC will be promoted to develop medicinal plant cultivation, NTFP value
addition and other income generation activities for in-situ conservation of NTFP.
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CHAPTER- 8
ECO-DEVELOPMENT AND
LIVELIHOODS
8.1. Policy & Institutional Framework
Buffer areas are meant to secure the core/ critical tiger habitat, shield it from biotic influences
and to serve both as a sink for hosting spillover tigers from core area, as well as a crucial
connecting link facilitating movement and dispersal of wildlife through corridors with other
source populations in the larger landscape. As buffer areas are not managed as strict, inviolate
areas like core/critical tiger habitats, they are treated as multiple use zones and invariably have
extensive human habitation within them. This holds particularly true for Palamau Tiger Reserve
which has as many as 191 villages in its buffer area. The people of these villages are dependent
upon the reserve for their livelihood needs and are both the cause as well as victims of human-
wildlife conflict. For successful implementation of conservation measures, it is the tiger reserve
management’s imperative to ensure that the local communities’ goodwill and support for the
reserve is earned and that anthropogenic pressure exerted by them on the reserve is minimized
while, simultaneously issues of livelihood and human-wildlife conflict are mitigated. For this
purpose, the tiger reserve management shall work and collaborate with other government and
non- government agencies to carry out extensive eco-development activities in villages across
the buffer area of the reserve.
Eco-development activities in the reserve shall be carried out by the reserve management,
routed through the Tiger Conservation Foundation, the schemes of the Central Government and
the State Govt. and implemented through village Eco-Development Committees (EDCs), Self
Help Groups (SHGs) and other village level groups and societies as considered eligible by the
Field Director.
Villages exerting maximum anthropogenic pressure, those in prime wildlife habitats and villages
having maximum incidences of human - wildlife conflict shall be prioritized.
8.2. Livelihood Support Initiatives through Village Micro- plans
Village need based five- year micro plans will be prepared after detailed survey of the village,
preparation of need based activities and prioritization of activities for five years. The micro-
plans will be covered for provision of Agro- forestry, Horticulture development, Agriculture
development, Animal husbandry development and livelihood market linked activities etc. the
micro plan will be prepared by EDC in collaboration with NGOs and PTR management. These
micro plans will serve as guidelines for overall sustainable development of villages in the buffer
area vis-à-vis infrastructural development and income generating schemes. Emphasis shall be
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given for use of village resources and eco-development works to reduce livelihood dependence
on forests.
Livelihood support initiatives shall be taken to reduce forest-dependence of local communities
and encourage other income-generating activities through the development of other saleable
skills. These shall include the following:
• Livestock development
• Dry land horticulture development
• Alternate cropping system and agriculture development
• Women empowerment activities development
• Mechanical skills development
• Cottage industries development
• Organic farming and Vermi-composting
• Eco- tourism
Infrastructural support will be provided through the creation and maintenance of roads,
causeways, culverts, lift-irrigation facilities, solar lighting, processing units etc.
To establish a strong foundation for the promotion of sustainable livelihood, the social and
institutional base will be strengthened. This will be done by organizing the poor into Self–Help
Groups (SHGs), developing a Village Organization (VO) by networking SHGs, and establishing
a revolving fund (RF) for livelihood promotion.
At present about Rs. 129.396 Lakh are kept in the Bank Accounts of 65 eco-development
committees. This money has been generated as labor component contribution in India eco-
development scheme. This money is lying unspent. This money may be used for the community
development purpose after consultation with village eco-development committees as per micro-
plan.
8.3. Integration of Rural Development Programs
As livelihood and development programs do not come under the core activities/competence of
the Forest Department, it is essential that the tiger reserve management collaborate with other
departments of government and non-government agencies to integrate its eco-development
efforts with existing government rural development programs under implementation by the
district administration. Rural development works like development of roads, ponds, irrigation
wells, weed eradication, bamboo and roadside plantation have been taken under MGNREGS
of the District Administration. Convergence of habitat management and forestry operation with
MGNREGA and rural development schemes will be taken up.
8.4. Monitoring & Evaluation
It is proposed to have a monthly monitoring exercise by senior officers headed by Field Director
and its report should be compiled monthly. Periodic assessment by external agencies should be
carried out at least once in a financial year. Monitoring of the eco development program will
be carried out by the Field Director through external as well as internal agencies. The external
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agencies will be Technical institutes and NGOs and similarly the internal agencies will be Field
Director and Village Eco-development Committees.
Monitoring and evaluation of eco-development will involve two basic issues:
• Implementation of the eco development program.
• Impact of the eco development program on PA resources and people.
Workshops of stakeholders / meetings of VEC will be organized at suitable intervals to assess

the implementation of eco-development and work out ways and means of improving the
program and making it more effective. Environment impact of developmental activities in the
Eco-development zone (excluding those undertaken as a part of the Eco-development program)
will also be closely monitored.
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CHAPTER- 9
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
9.1. State level Monitoring Committee
Under the provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, the state level monitoring committee
shall be constituted for monitoring implementation of programs aimed for the buffer area. It
shall consist of the following members:
1. Chief Secretary, Govt. of Jharkhand: Chairman

2. Secretaries of related departments: Members
3. Chief Wildlife Warden, Govt. of Jharkhand,
(assisted by Field Director) Member Secretary
9.2. Tiger Conservation Foundation & District Level Coordination Committee
The Tiger Conservation Foundation has been constituted vide notification No. WL-1 of 2008-
2009/274/ o- i;kZ- dated 20.01.2014 as per the provision under Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
(Annexure- XIV).
A district level coordination committee will be constituted for the implementation of different
schemes in the buffer area. Its constitution shall be as follows:
1. Deputy Commissioner, Latehar: Chairman

2. Sub- Divisional Officer, Mahuadanr: Member
3. Representative officials from other line departments: Members
4. Divisional Forest Officer, Buffer Area: Member Secretary
5. Divisional Forest Officer, Core Area: Member
9.3. Formation of Eco-development Committees (EDCs), Confederation of EDCs &

Other Supporting Institutions like Self Help Groups (SHGs) and Nature Clubs
Eco-Development Committees have been set up in 170 villages within the reserve. Their
functional status is not satisfactory. There is a need to reinvigorate them for achieving the
targets incorporated in this Plan. A confederation of these EDCs had been formed in 2003 and
is known as the Forest Development Agency (FDA). It lies in two administrative units and
referred as FDA- Core and FDA- Buffer respectively.
9.4. Livelihood support initiatives through Village micro Plans
A variety of eco-development and livelihood projects have been taken up since their creation.
At present, 76 micro plans have been prepared. (Annexure- XXII)
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Details of other supporting institutions like SHGs, Nature Clubs, etc. have been provided in
Section 8.2.
9.5. Integration of Rural Development Programs
The District Magistrate of Latehar and Garhwa will be requested to link the rural development
activities to the eco development works so that the people associate their efforts in protection
and conservation of wildlife to the developmental activities. Developmental works proposed
to be taken up by the DRDA shall be linked with the wild life protection and only eco friendly
projects may be taken up in the reserve.
The role of different departments in the development and organizations programs will be as
follows:
Forest Department:
The tiger reserve management will carry out extensive eco-development activities.
Representatives of the Forest Department will be involved in the training of various planning
teams at both the tiger reserve and village levels. Flow of funds shall be through the Forest
Department and overall coordination of eco-development planning and implementation will be
carried out by the Field Director through the Eco-Development Committee.
NGO & Technical Institutes:
Representatives of NGOs and technical institutes shall be included as members. NGOs will be
involved in the implementation of eco-development programs as members of Eco- Development
Committee (EDC). They shall be involved as an implementation agency in certain components
of the eco-development program and as partners in other components by investing their resources
for eco-development in specified activities or areas. The work of monitoring the impact of eco-
development shall be carried out by external institutes.
Communities:
Villagers from the local communities shall be actively involved in micro plan implementation
at the village level through village EDCs. The unit for micro planning shall be a village
consisting of several households situated together. Micro plans for eco-development work in
selected villages will be prepared for a period of ten years. A micro planning team will consist
of five members including a competent and trained ACF, representative of local NGO, forest
guard and male and female motivators. Training of the micro planning team shall be carried
out through short term courses of suitable duration by the PA managers with the assistance of
NGOs/technical institutes.
Identification of priority areas and selection of individual villages for micro planning shall be
carried out by the PA management based on the following criteria:
• Demography, livestock, land ownership & occupational pattern

• Forest dependence
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• Human-wildlife conflict, land use pattern, availability of basic facilities, resource
requirement and utilization pattern, benefit from rural development programs
perceived needs and prioritization
Arrangements shall be made for proper storage of data generated during the micro planning
exercise for coordination and following up in future.
9.6. Monitoring & Evaluation
Monitoring and evaluation shall be carried out as per the guidelines issued by the NTCA from
time to time. The details of the same have been dealt in section 8.4.
The monitoring framework shall cover the indicator tools, samples, roles and responsibilities
and mechanisms for feedback. The broad questions which will need to be addressed are:
9.6.1 Institutional Maturity Index
Objective Indicator
Participation • Two adult members from every household in the village
are members of village level institution
• Growth of membership
• Attendance in meetings
• Quality of leadership
• Sharing of roles and responsibilities
• Selection of executive committee and representation of
members representing user groups
• Conflict resolution mechanism
Inclusiveness • Women members
• Representation of women is the executive committee
• Representation of landless
• Representation of SC and STs
Ownership • Maintenance of accounts
• Contribution pattern
• Voluntary contributions
• Penalties on defaulter
• Benefit charges
• Developed rules and regulation for management of
transaction i.e. cost of investment and contribution for
benefits
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Transparency • Information sharing with members
• Access to Eco-development Budget and expenditure.
• Information of roles and responsibilities of executive
committee and bye-laws
• Social audit for financial tracking in relation to assets
created
Capacity building • User groups have undergone minimum X trainings
• Executive committee (especially the representatives of
user groups) have undergone minimum Trainings
9.6.2 Livelihood with Conservation Outcomes
Objective Indicator
• Increased number of beneficiaries taking up livelihood
Increased number of
activities with conservation outcomes,
activities that are based on a
• People forming groups to ensure sustainable extraction of
sustainable framework
natural resources
• Number of beneficiaries taking up stall feeding and reducing

Increased incomes coupled scrub cattle
with sustainable use of natural • Linking employment generation under NREGA/IWDP
resources and improvement with habitat improvement activities, such as restoration of
in habitat quality degraded pastures and grazing lands, development of fodder
banks on community lands, drainage line treatment etc.
• Increase access to nearby markets by developing market

linkages and incorporating principles of supply chain
management
Better return of investments • Development of new markets for which skills and input
resources are available but linkages missing
• Promoting value addition of natural products instead of
trading in natural resource based raw materials
• At least X number of beneficiaries trained in new livelihood

Capacity building activities, such as ecotourism, nature guide, adventure
activities, horticulture practices etc.
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9.6.3 Social Safeguard
Objective Indicator
Conflict management • Legal awareness of rights and responsibilities
• Endorsement of action plan by community to implement
the provisions of ST and forest dwellers Act.
Equitable benefit sharing • Incentives for communities
arrangement of NTFP and • Policy interventions
other resources • Rules of engagements
Relocation and resettlement • Endorsement of inviolate areas by communities
• Community demand driven relocation
• Community managed relocation and rehabilitation
9.6.4 Environmental Safeguard
Objective Indicator
Reduction in adverse impacts • Reduction in scrub cattle
on PA • Increase in stall feeding
• Reduction in firewood collection
• Area brought under afforestation / fodder bank
Biodiversity conservation • Changes in sighting and abundance of rare, vulnerable and
endangered species
• Number of medicinal plant nurseries set up
• Reduction in incidences of poaching
• Increase in population sizes of endangered species
• Area of degraded habitats restored
• Change in vegetation cover
Sustainable use of natural • Establishment of user groups for conservation and
resources sustainable outcomes
• Plan for sustainable extraction and use of natural resources
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CHAPTER- 10
MAINSTREAMING STRATEGY WITH

VARIOUS PRODUCTION SECTORS
10.1. Forestry
All forestry activities in the buffer area shall be streamlined with wildlife concerns and
wildlife conservation shall be mainstreamed into them. Habitat restoration, management and
improvement of degraded habitats shall be the sole focus of forestry activities in the buffer
area. Active community involvement in such works shall be sought. Raising palatable species
in grasslands, water and soil conservation activities shall be encouraged while weed eradication
measures shall be intensified.
No commercial felling shall be permitted in the buffer area however the thinning operations
shall be carried out strictly as per the guide lines of NTCA to maintain the gap within 45%.
10.2. Agriculture
The communities residing in the buffer area are almost entirely dependent on agriculture. The
following measures shall be taken to minimize its impact on wildlife:
• Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides will be discouraged and organic agricultural
practices shall be encouraged; training in organic farming shall be incorporated under
eco-development programs and government subsidies on the same shall be availed
for farmers.
• Encourage other livelihood options such as raising of high quality livestock in stall
farms, rural tourism, etc. to reduce high dependence on crops.
• Use of market instruments through Tiger Conservation Foundation, viz. issuance of
organic certificates, facilitating marketing of organic products, etc.
• Cropping patterns will be closely monitored to avoid any sudden changes that could
accentuate human - wildlife conflict.
• Preserving habitat mosaic, viz. fallow lands, cultivation, orchards, etc. to minimize
ecological changes.
• Promoting soil conservation
• Providing economic incentives for safeguarding wildlife concerns such as carbon
credits, water and environmental services.
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10.3. Integrated Development (Eco-Development, development through Dist.
Administration)
Wildlife concerns shall be mainstreamed and integrated with district administration through
formal contracts, MoUs and agreements between the Tiger Conservation Foundation, district
authorities and eco-development committees.
10.4. Tourism
As per the guidelines issued by the NTCA, tourism practices in the reserve shall prioritize
communities as the first beneficiaries of revenue generated. Keeping this in mind, the following
goals shall be pursued:
• Facilitating eco-tourism through local host communities.

• Promoting wildlife tourism on private lands in the vicinity of good wildlife habitats.
• Recycling gate receipts from tourists for community welfare through Tiger
Conservation Foundation.
• Building capacity of local communities through EDCs to progressively manage and
operate the entire ecotourism infrastructure in the reserve and gradually take over the
reserve’s ecotourism industry.
10.5. Fisheries
No major fisheries exist within the reserve. Pisci-culture is limited to private ponds and other
water bodies in private/ community lands. Water harvesting structures created under eco-
development programs may be utilized for pisci-culture. The people may be trained in the latest
techniques of pisci- culture.
10.6. Tea/ Coffee estates
The climate of Palamau Tiger Reserve is not conducive to Tea and Coffee cultivation and hence
they are non-existent.
10.7. Road/ Rail transport
Roads and railway lines are a major stress factor in the Palamau Tiger Reserve, as discussed
earlier in this Plan. The following steps shall be taken to regulate and contain the ill-effects of
the same:
• Regulating speed of vehicles plying on roads through the reserve through executive
order/ legislation as well as creation of speed-breakers at intervals of 200m.
• Imposing dusk to dawn ban on traffic through the reserve.
• Ban on the use of horns and loudspeakers from vehicles.
• Ban on any further widening of existing roads.
• Ban on conversion of dirt roads into pucca roads.
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• Speed restrictions have been imposed on trains passing through the reserve; these
shall be maintained and their implementation be made strict. The reserve authorities
may sign an MoU with the Railways for Joint Patrolling.
10.8. Industry
No major industry present.
10.9. Mining
The forests of Buffer area of Palamau Tiger Reserve are very rich in minerals like Coal and
bauxite and some proposals of coal mining have also been received. All of them have been
forwarded to higher authorities with objections. At present no mining has been allowed so far.
10.10. Thermal Power Plants

Not present within the reserve.
10.11. Irrigation Projects
The proposed North Koel Hydro Electric Project (Kutku Dam) is a threat to the reserve and has
been discussed under the ‘Core Area’ section of this plan also. An area of about 115.40 km2 of
reserve in the buffer will be submerged, if this dam is allowed to impound water.
10.12. Temple Tourism
No pilgrimage sites exist within the reserve, but an annual fair is held in November/ December
every year at Palamau Fort near Betla, and is visited by a large number of people. The celebration
will remain confined to the Fort area only. More over Fort is located in the bank of Auranga
River which is at the boundary of the Reserve.
10.13. Communication projects
No communication project exists within the tiger reserve.
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CHAPTER- 11
RESEARCH, MONITORING, TRAINING

& WILDLIFE HEALTH
11.1. Research Priorities, Main Projects & Implementation
Research activities are not up to the mark and the scientific base of the Palamau Tiger Reserve is
very weak. Efforts will be made to rope in competent and interested institutions and individuals
to encourage research, documentation and monitoring studies and activities. No research
project is under progress at present. Suitable projects will be identified and if found useful, will
be funded. Efforts will be made to involve institute like WII, ICFRE, WWF and Department of
Botany and Zoology of universities & colleges to carry out research.
11.2. Monitoring Framework
The reserve management shall monitor the progress of research projects through quarterly
reviews by the Field Director. An annual seminar may be held where researchers, field biologists
and reserve staff can present progress reports of various researches, monitoring, training and
capacity building exercises under practice in the reserve.
11.3. Training Needs Assessment
Training and research needs must be appropriately enhanced to meet challenges. Keeping in
mind the requirements of managing the buffer area according to the framework prescribed in
the Plan and the diversity of activities suggested in it, training needs must focus on building
capacity of reserve staff in the following areas:
• Mainstreaming tiger conservation in development projects and policies
• Carrying out empirical studies on ecological impacts of developmental projects and
human activities
• Strengthening common property resource management
• Mitigating human-wildlife conflict
• Eco-development and local community management
The need assessment of training will explore the possibility of including the training of
committees in the following areas:
• Vermi-composting
• Scientific and organic horticulture
• Maintenance, health and profitable rearing of livestock
• Tailoring, carpentry, mechanical repairing and other such skills
• Apiculture
• Training for SHGs in managing funding and accounts keeping
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• Training in ecotourism and hospitality management
• Teachers training and sensitization
• Management and enforcement training
11.4. HRD Plan
As discussed under ‘Core Area’ section 8.5 of this Plan.
11.5. Wildlife Health Monitoring
While no intensive measures shall be taken to unduly intervene with veterinary measures for
wild animals, thereby interfering with the natural law of ‘survival of the fittest’, some basic
measures shall be practiced to monitor overall wildlife health in the reserve and to provide
veterinary care to injured / rescued / conflict / epidemic - affected wild animals. Following
measures shall be taken:
• A resident veterinarian, trained and experienced in wildlife veterinary, shall be posted

in the reserve.
• Mass inoculation programs shall be carried out for village livestock to prevent
epidemics of Anthrax, FMD, etc. that could spread to wild ungulates.
• Inoculation of village dogs against Rabies and Canine Distemper which are known
to spread to carnivores.
• Scat/dung samples, water samples, wildlife mortalities, etc. shall be regularly
monitored for signs of any epidemics.
• Rescued/conflict-affected wild animals shall be treated at a rescue facility that may
be created in the reserve.
• Ungulates housed in in-situ breeding facilities and soft-release enclosures shall be
monitored for disease and health.
• A record of the disease in the village adjoining to the buffer area will be maintained
with the help of animal husbandry Dept. and that may be updated,so that villages
vulnerable to the disease are identified for vaccination programmes.
11.6. Mortality Survey
Same as discussed under the ‘Core Area’ section 12.3 of Plan.
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CHAPTER- 12
TIGER POPULATION AND HABITAT

ASSESSMENT
12.1. Daily Monitoring & Protocol

Daily monitoring of tigers, co-predators and prey shall be carried out according guidelines
issued by NTCA in the buffer area, at par with practices in the core / critical tiger habitat. This
has been discussed in detail in the ‘Core Area’ section of this Plan.
12.2. Tiger Population Estimation Framework
This shall be implemented in the buffer area at par with core / critical tiger habitat. Details have
been discussed in the ‘Core Area’ section of this Plan.
12.3. Habitat Assessment Framework
As discussed under ‘Core Area’ section of this Plan.
12.4. Spatial Database Development
12.5. Analysis & Reporting Framework
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CHAPTER- 13
PROTECTION AND INTELLIGENCE

GATHERING
13.1. Deployment of Native Workforce

Local youths will be engaged on a daily wage basis and put in the patrolling camps to assist the
forest staff in protection and management activities. They will be provided with uniforms. The
engagement of local youths will be in addition to the trackers, watchers, labourers, chaukidars
etc.
13.2 Patrolling Strategy Including Joint Patrolling:
• Protection strategies shall be at par with the core / critical tiger habitat as discussed in
the ‘Core Area’ section of this Plan. Additionally, EDCs shall be roped in to supplement
protection efforts of Forest Department through joint patrolling. Establishment of
Anti-poaching camps at sensitive locations inside the Park especially in the forest
village boundary and the river side will be taken up.
• Regular patrolling mechanism by the forest staffs will be carried out effectively.
• Additional forest staff should join immediately to boost the protection mechanism of
the PA.
• Control room of different range offices and camps will maintain the record of animal
sighting.
• Regular training camps will be organized for grass root forest staffs for effective
patrolling and maintaining records of animal sightings.
• Vehicles (jeep) in all ranges will be provided and in case of emergency an additional
vehicle with sufficient staff shall be provided at the control room, so that the additional
force can rush to the trouble spot.
• All necessary protection infrastructures will be maintained and replenished when
necessary.
• Promotion of extension and public education to improve public understanding and
enlist their support for tiger conservation;
• Enhancing professional capacity for programme implementation through training of
personnel and workshops, and through provision of equipment for tiger survey and
monitoring;
• Promotion of field research to improve tiger conservation interventions;
• Strengthen anti-poaching activities to mitigate the killing of tigers and their prey
species.
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13.3. Maintenance of Village level Crime Dossiers
Each range will maintain village-level crime dossiers and their activities will be kept under
strict vigilance.
13.4. Fire Protection
Protection against summer fires will be carried out at par with practices in the core / critical tiger
habitat. Details have been discussed under the ‘Core Area’ section 4.3 of the Plan.
13.5. Intelligence Gathering and Co-ordination
Intelligence gathering and coordination will be carried out as discussed in Chapter 10.5 the
‘Core Area’ section of the Plan.
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CHAPTER- 14
ECO - TOURISM, INTERPRETATION

AND NATURE EDUCATION
Eco - tourism is an important aspect of management of Palamau Tiger Reserve and also has
important role in support of tiger conservation programme along with wildlife and biodiversity
conservation. Through eco - tourism, it is possible to generate sufficient and substantial positive
pressure and favorable public opinion towards wildlife and biodiversity conservation. In the
present conservation plan, it is proposed to include Mirchaiya Fall Area, Suggabandh Area,
Kechaki and Palamau Fort which are presently in Buffer Area for overlapping ecotourism
activities. It is also proposed to develop these sites for eco-tourism vis-à-vis nature interpretation
cum education purpose.
14.1. Tiger Conservation Foundation and Management of Community Based Ecotourism

Program
The reserve management shall make every effort to ensure that in keeping with the guidelines
and spirit of the ecotourism, guidelines issued by the NTCA, local communities will get first
priority as the beneficiary of ecotourism in Palamau Tiger Reserve.
The Tiger Conservation Foundation will be responsible for overseeing all tourism activities
including training wildlife guides, building capacity, developing viable community-based
ecotourism structures, framing and streamlining fee structures and revenue sharing amongst
the beneficiaries, etc.
Ecotourism as a viable community enterprise will be encouraged in the buffer area. Communities
inhabiting the buffer area shall be encouraged and assisted by the Tiger Conservation Foundation
to protect and develop habitats around villages and, where land owners are willing, in private
lands, in order to foster better wildlife populations for the purpose of tourism.
14.2. Ecotourism Guidelines and Constitution of Park Welfare Funds
Ecotourism in the reserve shall be conducted to compliment and support the conservation
efforts in it. It shall always remain subservient to the original purpose of wildlife conservation.
While formulating any action plans for ecotourism in the reserve, it must be kept in mind that
ecotourism exists for the reserve and not vice versa. Ecotourism shall remain subordinate to and
in the service of the conservation of wildlife in the reserve.
All guidelines for ecotourism shall be formulated on the above basic principle and in keeping
with the guidelines for ecotourism in tiger reserves prescribed by the NTCA.
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• The Tiger Conservation Foundation shall be responsible for overseeing all ecotourism
activity in the reserve and ensuring maximum community participation and revenue
sharing by creation and strengthening of an institutional framework for the same.
• No new permanent structures such as hotels, lodges, restaurants, etc. shall be
permitted within the buffer area for providing any tourism infrastructure. Home stays
and tented camps on private/community lands shall be encouraged instead.
• Private tour operators shall operate within the guidelines and rules framed by the
Tiger Conservation Foundation. Environmental audits shall be carried out once in five
years for new and ongoing ecotourism projects in the reserve. No large investment
private firms/individuals shall be permitted to create private lodges, resorts, etc.
• Selected local youth shall be trained as wildlife guides to accompany tourists; they
shall be entrusted the task of briefing tourists on rules and regulations and ensuring
compliance while in the reserve. Guides and drivers shall be penalized for non-
compliance of rules by tourists under their charge while in the reserve. Respective
foresters and range officers must conduct regular monitoring of tourist behavior and
compliance of rules and regulations within the reserve to ensure strict adherence.
• Local Area Committee (LAC) will be constituted as per the guidelines of NTCA to
advice on tourism issues.
14.3. Interpretation Program
In addition to the existing Nature Interpretation Centre (NIC) at Betla, the following additional
steps shall be taken to improve interpretation and communication to the public:
• Production of high quality documentary films on Palamau Tiger Reserve in English

and Hindi.
• Photo-documentation and establishment of a professional wildlife and nature photo-
bank on the reserve.
• Publication of books and newspaper/magazine articles on the reserve by roping in
naturalists, conservationists and scientists.
• Nature camps for school children.
• Advertisements in mass media highlighting the importance of the reserve and
encouraging visitors; collaboration with State Tourism Department.
14.4. Nature Education
The Nature Interpretation Centre at Betla offers excellent facilities for visitors to educate
themselves about the flora, fauna, ecological processes, local cultures and conservation value
of the reserve. It has a museum, dioramas, a well-stocked library with many rare books and
manuscripts, specimen displays, auditorium, etc.
Some steps which have been taken by the reserve management for aiding visitor education are
as follows:
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• Monogram of the tiger reserve, printed t-shirts, jackets, brochures, pamphlets,
handouts, reading material and other souvenirs have been prepared and put up for
sale to visitors.
• Themes and messages have been developed and displayed on the following:
• History of conservation in Palamau TR.
• Prey-predator relationship of tiger & other carnivores have been displayed through
different dioramas.
• Behavior, social life, ecology and biology of tiger, leopard, elephant, gaur and other
animals with life size models.
• Effects of illegal felling of trees have been communicated.
• Ecological processes & functions.
• Tribal life.
• Habitat utilization by different species.
• Dos & Don’ts
• Various signboards have been put across the tiger reserve to inform people of rules and
regulations as well as milestones/for providing direction. There are also orientation
sign boards including maps, location sketches, etc.
• Video films on forests, wildlife and biodiversity conservation, participatory forest
management, etc. exist for display to tourists during the evenings at the NIC and the
tourist lodge hall at Betla.
In addition to the above, existing nature education initiatives by the reserve management,
further steps, particularly involving school children and teachers, must be taken to impart
knowledge on the conservation of biodiversity. These may involve a variety of measures viz.
field visits to the reserve, wildlife film shows in schools and community centers, environmental
quiz competitions, etc.
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CHAPTER- 15
ORGANIZATION, ADMINISTRATION
AND BUDGET
15.1 Buffer Areas Coordination Committee and its Linkages with Tiger Steering
Committee & Tiger Conservation Foundation
15.1.1 State level Monitoring Committee
A Buffer Area co-ordination committee may be formed at State level under the chairmanship of
Chief Secretary and association of the departments to implement eco-development activities so
that all the developmental and income generating activity may be brought under the umbrella of
eco-development activities. The constitution of the committees will be as below:-
The proposed committee has been submitted for approval.
• Chief Secretary, Jharkhand: Chairman

• Secretaries of related departments: Members
• Chief Wildlife Warden (Assisted by Field Director): Member Secretary
15.1.2 Tiger Conservation Foundation & District Level Coordination Committee
The Tiger Conservation Foundation for Palamau Tiger Reserve has been constituted and notified
vide notification No. WL-1 of 2008-2009/274/ o- i;kZ- dated 20.01.2014 of Department of
Forests & Environment of Government of Jharkhand under the provision of Section 38 X of
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (Amended 2006). The District level Co-ordination Committee
is yet to be constituted for buffer area to implement the eco-development activities:-
• Deputy Commissioner, Latehar: Chairman

• Sub-divisional officer , Mahuadanr: Member
• Representative officials from PWD, Tribal Welfare,
Health, Education, Energy, Agriculture, Irrigation &
other line departments: Members
• Divisional Forest Officer, Buffer Area: Member Secretary
• Divisional Forest Officer, Core Area: Member
In addition to above mentioned two monitoring committees, a ‘Buffer Area Coordination

Committee’ will be constituted comprising the following:
• Field Director, Palamau Tiger Reserve: Chairman

• Divisional Forest Officer, Core Area: Member
• Divisional Forest Officer, Buffer Area: Member
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The above committee shall meet at least once in 6 months to transact regular business and hold
extra-ordinary meetings as and when necessary to deal with emergent issues. It shall implement
government policies to be followed in the buffer area in consistence with wildlife conservation.
It shall provide effective leadership (co-ordination, supervision, monitoring, planning, review
and evaluation) to the range level implementation of programs under the tiger reserve including:
• Ecologically sustainable farming

• Participatory forest management
• Participatory research and application
• Integration of conservation and development
• The committee will arrange for leadership training of forest staff and the local people
for progressive development of human and natural resources and for realizing optimal
resource use consistent with the values suggested above.
• The committee may recommend officers, farmers, scientists and organizations who
contribute commendable service to be honored with awards/ citations, etc.
• The committee shall monitor effective utilization of funds for identified activities
and programs for furtherance of the values through implementation of micro plans.
It shall supervise and regulate all benefit sharing activities under the tiger reserve.
• The committee shall ensure that adequate transparency is maintained in all public
activities/ transactions pertaining to Palamau Tiger Reserve.
• The committee will consider and take decisions on complaints and suggestions
submitted by sub-ordinate committees/ participating officers.
• The committee may constitute special teams for attending to specific issues in order
to enable the committee for recommending policies and action plans for development
of the area consistent with the identified values.
• The committees may formulate/ support/ participate in community based conservation
programs and join hands with similar efforts elsewhere.
• The committee may support/ participate in activities for enhancement of the quality
of life in the region.
• The committee shall liaison with various departments and agencies in the region for
the smooth functioning of Palamau Tiger Reserve.
15.2. Coordination with EDCs, Confederation and other Line Agencies/ Department/
Production Sectors
The District Level Coordination Committee will be responsible for coordination with EDCs,
confederation and other line agencies/ departments/ production sectors. Present levels of
coordination shall be developed and improved to achieve the objectives of tiger conservation.
Interdepartmental coordination is an important pre-requisite for ensuring success of eco-

development programs, mainstreaming of tiger concerns in the district’s developmental process
and successful prevention of forest and wildlife crimes. The reserve management will strive to
achieve interdepartmental coordination at the levels of village, block and district.
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15.3. Staff Deployment
Palamau Tiger Reserve has large number of vacancies. The Govt. of Jharkhand is finalizing the
process of recruitment of Forest Guards. It has been mentioned in Chapter- 4, Para- 4.7 under
the administrative setup and staff deployment of Palamau Tiger Reserve.
15.4. Fund Raising Strategies
This will be managed under the Tiger Conservation Foundation as per provisions and guidelines
issued by State Government, NTCA and Government of India.
15.5. Schedule of Operations
Following activities have been sanctioned for Palamau Tiger Reserve vides sanction order no
4-1(16)/2013 PT dated 15th July 2013 F.Y. 2014- 15.
Anti-poaching initiatives
• Establishment and maintenance of existing patrolling camps with the provision of

trackers
• Organizing surprise raids jointly with the local police at railway stations, local trains
and other places.
• Deployment of local work force for surveillance of water holes and manning barriers.
• Reward to informers.
• Legal support for court cases.
• Procurement of field gear, night vision devices and other equipments for anti poaching
forces.
• Special patrolling in sensitive areas during monsoon, festivals and other occasions.
• Maintenance of wireless network.
• Maintenance of Departmental elephants.
Strengthening infrastructure within Buffer Area
• Staff quarter construction

• Staff quarter maintenance (Residential).
• Office improvement with uninterrupted power supply though generator.
• Maintenance of existing buildings (non residential).
• Maintenance of road network.
• Maintenance of fire watch towers.
• Maintenance, creation of fire lines/ firebreaks, fire tracing, fire fighting squad.
• Maintenance of earthen ponds/ dams cleaning.
• Construction & maintenance of boundary pillars.
• Maintenance of vehicles (jeeps, trucks, tractors, motorcycles)
• Replacement of old vehicles for patrolling.
• Fire protection work through EDCs.
• Maintenance/ repair of causeway/ culverts.
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• Special repair of Roads for better communication/mobilization.
Habitat improvement and water development
• Weed eradication.
• Grassland maintenance
• Water retention structures creation
• Water holes maintenance
• Uprooting of Lantana and cutting of view strips
• Creation of New Water holes only in Betla area
• Creation of New Grassland only in Betla area
• Improvement of Elephant habitat through Bamboo plantation/ fodder species
plantation
• Soil and moisture conservation measures including contour trenches, gully plugging
in erosion prone/eroded areas
Addressing man-animal conflicts
• Payment of compensation for cattle lifting death of human beings and crop
depredation.
• Procurement/deployment of traps, cages to catch problematic animals.
• Procurement of tranquilizing equipment and drugs.
• Anti- depredation measures for elephant damage.
Research and field equipments
• Day to day field monitoring of wild animals & data compilation and management.
• GPS, camera traps, night vision devices, range finders etc.
• Research work related to PTR
Staff development and capacity building
• Capacity building/ training
• Study tours for appraisal of good practices in other reserves.
• Project allowance to all categories of staff
Providing safeguards/ retrofitting measures at vulnerable points.
Carrying out independent monitoring
Staff welfare inputs like supply of kerosene, medicine field kit, mosquito net, torch etc.
Eco- development Activity will be need based as per micro plan.
Medical Camps
• Paramedical training to EDC members
• Distribution of medical kits
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• Medical camps
Eco-tourism to benefit local people as per their requirement after discussion with them.
15.6. Activity Budget
Different activities for which budget is required for the buffer area are mentioned in
Annexure- XXIII.
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MANAGEMENT PLAN OF
ADJOINING AREAS (CORRIDORS)

SITUATION
CHAPTER- 1

1.1. Brief Description of the Area & Significance for Tiger Conservation
One of the greatest strengths of the Palamau Tiger Reserve is its excellent connectivity with
other tiger habitats, including source tiger populations, in the Central Indian Tiger Landscape.
Connectivity between Palamau and at least five other tiger reserves in the Central Indian Tiger
Landscape is known. These are:
1. Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh
2. Sanjay-Dubri Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh
3. Achanakmar Tiger Reserve in Chhattisgarh
4. Kanha- Pench Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh
5. Similipal Tiger Reserve in Odisha
However, the location of the Palamau Tiger Reserve is such that the most important adjoining
habitats and tiger corridors fall in the state of Chhattisgarh. Therefore, management interventions
in these areas can only be limited to better inter-state coordination at the levels of the Chief
Wildlife Warden as well as the reserve management.
Three corridors existing in Jharkhand will be considered for the purpose of this Plan. These
include:
1. Palamau- Lawalong- Hazaribag- Gaya- Koderma
2. Palamau- Gumla- Palkot- Saranda
3. Palamau- Garhwa- Kaimur
Besides above, the forests of Medininagar, Garhwa South Division, Latehar, Gumla Forest
Division and Lohardagga are around the Project Tiger area. The forests of these divisions have
mammalian population which forms a good prey base for the tiger and the co-predators. Signs of
the tiger have been reported in the Garhwa South and Medininagar Division. The movement of
the tiger in Latehar Forest Division in the areas adjoining Core Area and Buffer Area Divisions
of the PTR is a regular feature.
1.1.1. National Habitat Corridors

(a) Palamau- Sanjay- Bandhavgarh:
This corridor represents one of the largest contiguous tiger habitats in Central Indian Landscape.
The entire Bandhavgarh - Guru Ghasidas - Palamau complex forms a 12,580 km2 Tiger Reserve
is connected to Sanjay Tiger Reserve in north - eastern Madhya Pradesh. Habitat contiguity
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extends onwards to Panna Tiger Reserve through stepping stone corridors through the forests
of Balrampur, Surajpur and Surguja districts of Chhattisgarh.
Three large PAs of Chhattisgarh are part of the Palamau- Sanjay contiguous landscape. These
are:
1. Semarsot Wildlife Sanctuary: This 430.36 km2 sanctuary in north-eastern
Chhattisgarh is connected to Jharkhand through the forests of Mahuadanr Range. The
sanctuary has a low-density prey base and has been known to be used by migrating
tigers. A few elephants from Palamau are also said to have migrated to Chhattisgarh
using this corridor.
2. Temor-pingla Wildlife Sanctuary: Spanning 608.52 km2 this PA is connected to

Semarsot Wildlife Sanctuary to its east through a few territorial forest patches while
sharing its western boundary with the Guru Ghasidas National Park. Temorpingla
has excellent tiger habitat and had a resident tiger population until the mid 1990s. It
still reports tigers occasionally, possibly transients. It has just seven villages within
it and has great potential for prey and tiger revival through focused management
intervention. Migrating elephants from Palamau have also been reported from here.
3. Guru Ghasidas National Park: The second largest PA in Chhattisgarh is Guru

Ghasidas National Park having area of 1440.70 km2. Its importance as a tiger habitat
is evident from the fact that this PA was part of the Sanjay Tiger Reserve in undivided
Madhya Pradesh and was separated during the formation of Chhattisgarh State. It
is known to have a small population of tigers in the areas adjoining Sanjay. Low
prey base is a constricting factor here; however, it is excellent tiger habitat and has
immense potential due to its size and proximity to Sanjay and Bandhavgarh tiger
reserves.
4. Sanjay Tiger Reserve: It is located in eastern Madhya Pradesh’s Sidhi district and
consists of Dubri Wildlife Sanctuary (364.6 km2) and Sanjay National Park (466.7
km2). Dubri Wildlife Sanctuary has 29 revenue villages, while Sanjay TR has 18
villages. The Sanjay Tiger Reserve too has excellent tiger habitat, but is afflicted by
the problem of low prey base and consequently low tiger densities.
5. Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve: This Tiger Reserve encompasses 1161.47 km2 with
a Core/ Critical Tiger Habitat of 694.68 km2. The reserve is estimated to have 47-
71 tigers and is connected to the Sanjay Tiger Reserve’s western and north western
sides. Clearly, this tiger reserve has the greatest potential of reinvigorating this entire
landscape with tigers.
(b) Palamau- Badalkhol- Achanakmar- Kanha:
Corridors to the south-western side of Palamau Tiger Reserve connect it to the Achanakmar
Tiger Reserve in Chhattisgarh and onwards to Kanha Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh. This
encompasses forests of Jashpur, Surguja, Korba and Bilaspur Districts of Chhattisgarh. The
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corridor has one PA, i.e., the Badalkhol Wildlife Sanctuary (104.2 km2). A series of stepping
stone corridors connect Badalkhol to the Hasdeo Arand forests, which is turn are connected to
the Achanakmar - Kanha landscape. The Kanha - Achanakmar Landscape harbours more than
70 tigers and this is a critical link for Palamau.
(c) Palamau-Gumla-Palkot-Saranda-Similipal:
On its southern and south-eastern sides, the Palamau Tiger Reserve is connected to the territorial
forests of Gumla Division and Lohardagga Division. These forests in turn, through a narrow
corridor of territorial forests running west of Gumla town are connected to the only PA in
southeast Jharkhand, the 183.18 km2 Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary. This sanctuary is degraded and
heavily fragmented as all the valleys in it have been claimed for agriculture. Due to such high
anthropogenic pressure as well as actute staff shortage, the wildlife in Palkot is much depleted,
and the prey density is extremely low. There have been reports of tigers from this sanctuary
in the recent years, though old management plans of Gumla forest division does mention their
presence in Palkot.
To the south and east of Palkot lie the famed forests of Saranda in the West Singhbhum district.
Saranda, considered Asia’s finest and largest Sal forests is poorly researched in terms of the
wildlife that inhabits the area. The Saranda landscape straddles across South- Jharkhand and
Northern- Odisha and is connected to Similipal Tiger Reserve in Orissa’s Mayurbhanj District
through the narrow Bangriposi corridor. Historical records show that the Saranda Forests were
extremely rich in wildlife and had a resident population of tigers which declined by the late
1990s. It was a stronghold of sambar and gaur according to Late SP Shahi, Wildlife Expert and
Ex. CWLW of undivided Bihar.
It’s known that the wildlife of the area has depleted progressively over the years, yet a clear
picture of the present status of wildlife in the area isn’t available owing to little research and
documentation in recent years. However, constant reports indicate presence of tigers, gaur,
wild dogs and leopards here. Saranda is also an elephant stronghold and it is crucial that it be
studied better and compact patches are brought under the PA network in order to preserve this
vast landscape. At least potential area of 800 km2 is declared PA and there is scope of increasing
it further. This is paramount if Saranda is to be saved from complete decimation due to legal as
well as illegal mining.
The above corridors link Palamau to important sink habitats around it. All of these habitats are
extremely stressed by anthropogenic pressure, low-prey density and low tiger density. However,
habitat contiguity is intact and habitat quality is generally good. Adequate management and
protection interventions can revive them as prime tiger habitats.
(d) Corridors Within the State of Jharkhand
Palamau Tiger Reserve is connected to Lawalong Wildlife Sanctuary through intervening

territorial forests. To its east, Lawalong is in turn connected to the forests of Hazaribag Wildlife
Sanctuary, while the Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary and Gautam BuddhaWildlife Sanctuary (and
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the adjoining habitats in Gaya District, Bihar) lie north-east of Lawalong. Tiger Movement
through this corridor has been documented in the past, as has been that of other wildlife
including elephants. It must be noted here that Hazaribag had a healthy population of tigers
until the late 1980’s, while Koderma too had a few resident tigers roughly until the same period.
These populations are believed to have been poached out over the years.
1. Lawalong Wildlife Sanctuary:
Spread over an area of 211.03 km2 the Lawalong Wildlife Sanctuary lies 35 km from Chatra.
Stray reports of tiger presence in this PA, its adjoining areas and the contiguous Hazaribag
and Koderma Sanctuaries continue to be reported. These are indicative of the viability of this
corridor as an active tiger corridor for Palamau. It is an ideal habitat with the potential to be
reinvigorated with spillover tigers from Palamau. The larger Lawalong landscape including
adjoining territorial forests of the district too have excellent habitat that can be restored for
wildlife including tigers.
2. Hazaribag Wildlife Sanctuary:
The erstwhile hunting estate of the Raja of Ramgarh, Hazaribag Wildlife Sanctuary with an area
of 186.25 km2 was home to the one the three source populations of tigers in undivided Bihar
(the other two being Palamau and Valmiki) until the late 1980s. Poaching in the early 1990s is
believed to have wiped out its entire resident tiger population. There was no report of tigers in
PA up until 2006 when a lone male appeared in the PA and roamed about in the sanctuary for
a period of almost 6 months and then again a couple of months in late 2007. The nearest and
only source population of tigers in the entire landscape is Palamau, and hence the appearance of
this tiger in Hazaribag is seen as proof of the viability of the Palamau-Lawalong corridor being
used by dispersing tigers of Palamau into adjoining areas in this landscape. Low prey base on
account of excessive poaching in the past is a limiting factor that must be rectified in order to
help revive tigers in this sanctuary and strengthen it as part of the Palamau-Meta-population.
3. Gautam Buddha & Koderma Wildlife Sanctuaries (Jharkhand & Bihar):
Among the most compact wildlife habitats of Jharkhand, the 1100 km2 Gautam Buddha-
Koderma landscape was a stronghold of wildlife in this region until the early 1990s. The
creation of Jharkhand lead to the original 259.5 km2 Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary of
undivided Bihar to be bifurcated into two new sanctuaries of the same name, with the one
falling in Hazaribag district of Jharkhand spanning 100 km2 and the one falling in Gaya District
of Bihar covering 159.5 km2. This area was once the famed hunting grounds of the Tikari
Maharaja who shot many tigers and other wildlife in these forests. The sanctuary was extremely
rich in wildlife, especially sambar, until the early 1990s. As with Hazaribag and Lawalong, this
sanctuary too has deteriorated and lost most of its prey base. The Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary
lies to the east of Gautam Buddha WLS. It encompasses 150.62 km2. Further to its east various
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territorial forests connect Koderma WLS to forests of Jamui in Bihar, including the 682 km2
Bhimbandh WLS. Bhimbandh is good potential tiger habitat that suffers due to various factors
including low prey base. Reports of breeding tigers have been documented here until 1997-98.
4. Palamau- Garhwa- Kaimur (U.P.)
Palamau tiger reserve is connected to the Kaimur landscape at the tri-junction of Bihar, Uttar
Pradesh and Jharkhand. There are two large PAs in this landscape viz. the 1342 km2 Kaimur
Wildlife Sanctuary in Bihar and the adjoining 501 km2 Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary in Uttar
Pradesh. The forests of Garhwa division as well as forests of Medininagar Division act as
contiguity between Palamau Tiger Reserve with this landscape. The Garhwa corridor connects
north-west-wards to the Kaimur WLS, UP, while the forest patches of Medininagar Division
connects the northern and north eastern parts of the tiger reserve with the Kaimur WLS in Bihar.
The Kaimur forests haven’t reported tigers in the recent years, but since this landscape has
much better prey-base compared to all other PAs and forests around Palamau Tiger Reserve, it
is potential habitat for spill over tigers from Palamau.
1.1.2 Regenerated Habitat Corridors:
There are no regenerated habitat corridors within the landscape.
1.1.3 Planted Habitat Corridors:
There are no planted habitat corridors within the adjoining divisions. There are plantations but
these patches are not large and continuous which may be put in this category.
1.1.4 Disturbances in Habitat Corridors:
A detailed field survey is required for identification of various disturbances prevailing in

the habitat corridors. Illegal extraction of river sand, soil, boulders, gravels and other minor
minerals, illegal felling of trees for timber, fuel wood requirements; encroachment on govt.
land, widening of existing roads have serious implications on the movement of tigers and other
wild animals in the landscape.
1.1.5 Stepping stones:
Stepping stones are defined as relatively small patches of native vegetation scattered throughout
a landscape. These patches enhance connectivity at landscape level and provide habitat
connectivity for a variety of species. Going by this definition, it requires a detailed survey of
the land scape to make some definite opinion about their number and the quality.
1.2 Map showing landscape beyond Core and Buffer Areas
(Annexure- XXIV)
1.3 Major Land use Classification in the Area
The forests of the divisions of Garhwa South, Medininagar, Latehar, Gumla and Lohardagga
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surround the Palamau Tiger Reserve. The corridors connecting Palamau Tiger Reserve to
Lawalong Wildlife Sanctuary, Saranda via Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary, Kutku- Kaimur corridor
have many villages and the forest land.
1.4 Statement of Significance:
The landscapes of the areas adjoining PTR have the potential to harbour a sizeable population
of prey base. The working plans of the divisions have wild life management as the overlapping
working circle which prescribes about the protection of microhabitats and the protection of the
wildlife. As such the intensive wild life management prescriptions have not been given like
arrangement of water and fodder for the herbivores.
1.5 Geological attributes and Hydrology
This requires a detailed study and data collection and compilation in respect of soil and geology
of the area. But most of the areas are merely extension of geological features of PTR.
1.6 Vegetation Types
The forests of the corridors may be put in the category of the Dry Peninsular Sal and the Dry
mixed deciduous forests. The forests adjacent to the Palamau Tiger Reserve have good bamboo
bearing areas also along with Sal and miscellaneous species.
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CHAPTER- 2

PREDATORS
2.1 Distribution, Abundance status with type of use by the tiger & co-predators:
There is hardly any report regarding availability of the tigers in the areas around PTR and the
corridors identified in recent years. However the habitat for the predators is available and even
large ungulates are also available in the area. The protection measures in the areas in respect
of the wildlife are not adequate. Because the territorial divisions consider the tree protection
as their top priority, the wildlife protection gets the backseat. Although wildlife management is
overlapping working circle in all the divisions around the PTR but there is hardly any activity
focussed to justify the creation of wild life management as a working circle.
2.2 Prey- Predator Relationships
No information regarding prey- predator relationship is available in the working plan of the
divisions and needs to be assessed during the plan period.
2.3 Assessment of threats:
i. The hunting of the wild animals is a common practice despite the fact that on many
occasions the offenders have been nabbed and cases have been booked against them.
Poverty alleviation, education about wildlife and the environment need to be given to
them to make them aware and take care of the animals. There are the tribes who have
been doing hunting since ages; the biggest question is how to keep them off hunting of
the wildlife.
ii. Encroachment in the areas on the corridors is always a problem. No information is
available regarding extent of encroachment on the corridor. But encroachment for
agriculture and other land uses can’t be ruled out.
iii. Illegal extraction of river sand, boulder:
As towns and villages expand there is increased demand for construction materials like river
sand, gravel and boulders. With poor law & order status in many parts of the divisions, the
riverine areas will be targeted for illegal collection of natural resources. If unchecked these
illegal practices and associated disturbances will reduce the ecological value of these areas as
corridors.
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CHAPTER- 3
LAND- USE PATTERNS AND

CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT ISSUES
3.1 Socio- economic Profile of Villages and Resource Dependency and Human-
Wildlife Mutual Impacts
A detailed study is required to be carried out to find out socio-economic protection of the
villagers in the corridor. Some information may be available in the census of 2011 also. The
different activities which are source of livelihood as well as demographic profile will give
enough information to involve people in the management of corridors. The dependency of
people on forests particularly for fuel wood, fodder, NTFP will give information about the
extent of pressure on the forests on the corridor.
The human- elephant conflict often assumes serious proportion in many parts of the adjacent
divisions and the corridor. The agriculture and other activities including mining curtail the
movement of wildlife.
3.2 Assessments of Input of Line Agencies/ Other Departments:
Perspective of line departments is quite different from that of Forest Department, given the fact
that our mandates are different. While the main emphasis of line departments is development
of people, issues like conservation of forest and wildlife are secondary and at the periphery in
the realm of their duties. Sometimes the approach and activity of the Forest department and line
departments are opposite, which leads to conflict of Forest Department with other departments.
So harmonisation of developmental projects can be done after creating favourable atmosphere
by making the officials of the line departments aware of wildlife and the laws related to it.
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CHAPTER- 4

PROBLEMS
4.1. Visions
To preserve the contiguity of the Palamau Tiger Reserve with other tiger habitats, source
populations and the larger Central Indian Tiger Landscape through preservation of forest
corridors and sink habitats around it.
• Preservation of habitat integrity through protection of forest corridors and sink
habitats.
• Coordination with management of concerned adjoining divisions to focus on tiger
concerns.
• Collection of baselines data on presence / absence / usage of corridors and sink
habitats adjoining Palamau Tiger Reserve by tigers, co-predators and prey.
4.3 Management Objectives
• Regular coordination by the Palamau Tiger Reserve management with adjoining
forest divisions in Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh
• Coordination between Chief Wildlife Warden, Jharkhand and Chief Wildlife Warden,
Chhattisgarh to ensure protection and monitoring of corridors
• Regular wildlife orientation & training workshops for field staff of adjoining
divisions, particularly on protection, wildlife law and basic recording of tiger and
other wildlife signs.
4.4 Problems in achieving the objectives:
The corridors are fragmented; the forests are interspersed with village land which may
restrict wildlife to some forest areas. The involvement of people is prerequisite for the
management of corridors. The objective of management of the territorial divisions is required to
redefine and some emphasis needs to give on wildlife management particularly for minimising
man-animal conflict.
225
4.5 Strengths- Weaknesses- Opportunities- Threats (SWOT) Analysis
Strength
• Excellent habitat contiguity, intact forest corridors, inaccessible terrain enabling
secure movement of tigers between Palamau Tiger Reserve and adjoining tiger
habitats
• Part of large meta-population tigers in the Central Indian Tiger Landscape and
contiguity with four other tiger reserves including two high density source tiger
populations
Weaknesses
• High anthropogenic pressure on corridors
• Mining, industrialization and other activities
• Linear intrusions like roads, highways and railway lines
• Insurgency
Opportunities
• Scope for retrofitting measures to make the habitat more amenable to wildlife
• Scope for the peoples participation in the management of corridors
• Scope for involvement of the industries, mine owners etc in the corridor development
and wild life management
Threats
• Poor law and order situation almost in the entire region particularly due to naxalism.
• Rapid urbanization, fragmentation of habitat, lack of apathy toward wildlife
226
CHAPTER- 5
5.1 Delineation of Corridors and Other Habitat Used by Tigers and Co- predators
The delineation of corridors and habitat used by tigers was done by the NTCA-WII based on
the results of ‘All India Tiger Monitoring Exercise’ of 2010. Further based on the data collected
from 2006, 2010 and 2014 cycles of Tiger Estimation, a publication titled “Connecting Tigers
for long term Conservation” has been published which delineates all corridor areas in India
including Palamau Tiger Reserve. As given in Jhala et al 2011, presence of tiger sign in a grid
of 10 km by 10 km was assumed as the grid being occupied by tiger and its naïve estimate
occupancy was worked out. Further the other corridors in the state have been identified on
the basis of the community of the forests with the existing sanctuaries and the larger potential
habitats where the presences of the tigers have been noticed occasionally. The digitisation of
the corridors has been done on a three kilometre wide strip connecting the areas by the forests
and the non-forest lands. The villages in the corridors have been identified on the basis of the
digitized village maps. A village was considered inside a corridor if the village either touches or
part of it overlaps the corridors.
5.1.1 Forest area inside the corridors was also identified in the same manner as above. A
list of the forests falling in the corridors have been prepared and annexed in the plan and
list of the villages falling inside the corridors have been prepared and annexed herewith.
(Annexure- XXV)
5.2 Prioritization of linkages:
Corridors connecting the PTR with the Lawalong WL Sanctuary along with the other corridors
connecting other Tiger Reserves in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh have been identified by
the Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun. Its significance increases as the signs of presence of
tigers have been noticed in the past. But other corridors in the state and the one connecting
PTR with the Similipal Tiger Reserve through Saranda have been considered as the potential
corridors for dispersal of tiger population in future. Their significance will be further studied
with help of experts.
5.3 Development of Integrated Land Use Approach for the Area Commensurate with
Tiger Conservation and Co- Existence Agenda
Integrated land use approach involves balancing of economic, social and cultural opportunities
of a land (which can be a forest, agricultural land) while maintaining its well being. Such an
approach would involve participation of all the stakeholders and collective decision making
227
about managing the land and its resources for sustainable development. One of the prerequisite
for planning integrated land use approach is the information about different land uses prevalent
and their extent for the site under consideration. As of now very little information about land
use is available except the broad overview of land use indirectly derived from the satellite
imageries without any ground truthing. In order to develop the integrated land use approach it
is proposed to carry out:
i) Digitization of designated and all the potential wildlife corridors, assessment of

potential corridors for their ecological role and biodiversity values.
ii) Collection of land record data, land use and land cover information and socio-
economic data.
iii) Creation of spatial database incorporating planning for integrated land use with
stakeholder participation.
In the first phase, emphasis will be placed on digitization of designated and potential corridors
of the landscape. In the next phase, land record data along with Land Use and Land Cover
(LULC) related information from the Revenue authorities will be collected and stored in the
GIS domain. In addition, relevant socio-economic data collected during census exercise will
also be incorporated. Some of the proposed interventions for land use for corridors and adjacent
areas are as follows:
(i) No development activities within the potential corridors

(ii) Prohibition on setting up polluting industries that may change the ecology of riverine
areas and corridors for worse thereby making it unsuitable for wildlife usage.
(iii) Prohibition on unsustainable extraction of river sand/boulder from corridors of the
landscape.
(iv) No new infrastructure projects (road widening, irrigation and others) over the
designated corridors (includes potential as well) without mandatory consultation with
Forest Department. Such projects can be allowed provided the dispersing wildlife
concerns are factored into these projects and suitable mitigation measures are put in
place.
(v) Any other measure(s) with positive implications for wildlife dispersal in the landscape
considered by tiger reserve management or other competent authority.
(vi) Due care shall be taken that provisions of section 38(O) of the WL(P)A,1972 are
followed in letter and spirit while managing these areas.
5.4 Wildlife Management in Territorial Forest Areas
Wildlife management in territorial forest areas apart from Palamau Tiger Reserve will be the
concern of the Plan. The adjoining forests have also the problem of naxal insurgency, a major
handicap in the protection and development activities. Under such circumstances, training
on management of human- wildlife conflicts, rescue rehabilitation of straying wildlife, crowd
/ mob management, habitat restoration techniques are few areas where the field staff of both
territorial and wildlife division require training and skill up-gradation. In some of the areas,
228
the efforts to mitigate man-elephant conflict will be implemented. The restoration of elephant
habitat will be carried out along with rescue and rehabilitation of wild animals affected by
conflict situations.
5.5 Zone Plan Management Strategies:
Considering the characteristics of the landscape and conservation issues the following two zone
plans have been proposed:
5.5.1 Corridor Protection Zone:
This zone will include the entire area of corridors of the landscape. The main emphasis of this
zone will be to protect the physical and ecological integrity of the corridors. Under this zone
plan the following issues related to corridor protection are considered:
• Patrolling in the areas adjoining the corridors

• Regular surveys to understand the use of corridor by wildlife
• Assessment of ecological status and flora in corridors
• Chemical analysis of water of water bodies for assessing the pollution levels
• No timber extraction to be allowed within the delineated corridors
• Regulation of natural resource extraction from riverine areas and prohibition of
activities that is unsustainable and detrimental to corridors in the long run.
• No polluting industry/ industries to be setup within the corridors
• Awareness campaigns, meeting with line departments
• Any other activity or set of activities deemed essential for protection of corridors.
5.5.2 Corridor Restoration Zone:
After monitoring and assessment exercises of corridors, if it is ascertained that stretches of

certain corridors are under varying degrees of degradation and require immediate management
intervention then such parts of the corridors are brought under this zone. The main objective
of this zone is to make suitable interventions, so that the corridors can regain their lost features
and continue to render the ecological services as before. Once, the corridor is restored to its
functional state, and then the area will be assigned back to the corridor protection zone. Some
of the activities which will be considered under this zone are:
• Undertaking plantations/ shelter belts in the areas adjacent to riparian corridors.

• Planning and formulation of interventions for recovery of degraded corridors.
• Any other activity/ intervention/ prescription required for corridor restoration.
Efforts will be made to encourage the people to make voluntary efforts to adopt land use
practices that are sustainable and beneficial for maintaining the ecological integrity of corridors.
Adoption of such land use practices depends on the education, awareness level and extent
of community involvement. Appropriate support from government institutions and extension
agencies may have to be provided to landowners for their involvement. If possible the land may
be purchased or the part of the rights may be purchased to enforce the particular land use so that
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the management practices of the corridors may be enforced. A particular land use practice may
also be adopted with the involvement of the landowners, NGOs and the Govt to maintain the
ecological integrity of the corridors. The landowner may be suitably compensated to the extent
of the loss incurred. Even the land may be taken on the lease for a period of say 40 years from
the land owners to ensure that there is no extraction of the natural resources from that area.
There may be provision for payment of the rent to the land owner, so that he is not put to any
loss.
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CHAPTER- 6
ECO- DEVELOPMENT AND

LIVELIHOODS
6.1 Constitution of Adjoining Corridor Area Management Committee:

Managing large tracts of habitat corridors that do not have legal protection will not be possible
without local communities support and participation. To enable the communities to play the
constructive role in conservation, initially Corridor Management Committees (CMCs) will be
constituted only for the PTR - Lawalong Corridor. With the experiences gained from the CMCs,
decision will be taken for constituting such committees for other corridors also with the time.
The composition of the CMC will be as follows:
i. Range officer of the division through which the corridor passes
ii. Members of neighboring Eco-development Committees
iii. Members from Local Self Government
iv. Volunteers
v. Local NGOs actively involved in conservation roles/ responsibility of CMCs
The CMCs will meet at least once in two months. It will play very important role in corridor
protection related activities. It will conduct surveys regarding the ecological status and use of
corridors by wild animals. These committees will act as focal points for creating awareness in
the communities. They will also play active role in corridor restoration works. The efforts will
be made by these committees to collect information of illegal exploitation of corridor’s natural
resources as well as poaching.
6.2 Formation of Eco-development Committees and Supporting Institutional
Framework:
Management of large stretches of corridors that play vital role in dispersal of long ranging wild
animals like tiger and elephant would require the active participation of local communities.
Without the active participation of communities residing either in or adjacent to the corridors,
management initiatives like protection and conservation of corridors will be extremely
difficult. Considering these issues, the selected CMCs will be organized into Eco-development
Committees (EDC).
6.3 Livelihood Support Initiatives through Village Micro Plans Supported by Tiger
Conservation Foundation and Other Line Agencies:
The framework of constituting EDCs, preparation of micro-plans for development of local
communities will be similar to the approach adopted for buffer area management. The initiatives
like organic agriculture, other income generating activities will be promoted with the active
231
involvement of territorial forest division under whose jurisdiction the village is located and also
by the involvement of other development departments at District level.
6.4 Monitoring and Evaluation:
Monitoring and evaluation of Eco Development will be done in the line of the Committees in
the Buffer area.
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CHAPTER- 7
TIGER POPULATION AND HABITAT

ASSESSMENT
7.1 Day to Day Monitoring Protocol:

Daily monitoring system will be adopted to get the information about wildlife movement and
the corridor usage. To meet the challenge, the stretches of corridors will be divided amongst the
CMCs and the responsibility of daily monitoring will be delegated to the members of CMCs.
In addition a control room with a toll free number will be set up at tiger reserve level to which
CMCs, EDCs and other stakeholders can call and provide the information about tiger or other
wildlife movement. Suitable arrangements will be made for logging the data received from the
general public. The control will also pass on the relevant information to the forest divisions
concerned for undertaking appropriate management interventions by mobilizing local Range
officer and his team. The range officer or his team, while attending the information received,
will record relevant data like GPS location, photographs of tiger signs and submit these details
over the wireless/or by other convenient means to control room for proper record keeping.
7.2 Tiger Population Estimation Framework (Phase - I & II):
Corridors and adjoining areas are mainly used by long ranging tigers to access the different
habitats for the purpose of establishing territories, to select the suitable individuals for mating
and to supplement the requirement of food. At present no instances of frequent movement of
tigers between different PAs have been reported. In order to document such movements within
the landscape, the protocol suggested in phase - I monitoring framework would be ideal and
the same can be implemented through capacity buildings of field staff and members of Corridor
Management Committees. This 8 day protocol of phase - I (which may require site specific
modifications) would be implemented under the overall supervision of concerned territorial
divisions where the corridors lie. Detailed note on components of phase - I and the procedure
to be adopted is already given in the core/buffer management plan and greater details related
to monitoring framework may be accessed in these plans. Phase - II involves integration of
phase - I data collected at all India level into the GIS domain at Wildlife Institute of India.
There is little role for tiger reserves in phase - II of monitoring program other than to submit
good quality phase - I data to NTCA & WII. Depending on the quality of data generated in
phase - I, attempts will also be made to undertake camera trapping in selected corridors by
involving wildlife as well as territorial forest divisions.
7.3 Analysis and Reporting Framework and Periodicity:
The data will be collected during the pre monsoon and post monsoon period and reported to the
WII for analysis.
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CHAPTER- 8
ORGANIZATION, ADMINISTRATION
AND BUDGET
8.1 Coordination Committee for Effective Implementation and Management and

Linkages with Tiger Steering Committee and Tiger Conservation Foundation:
Conservation management of corridor areas beyond the notified Reserved Forests and Protected
Areas would require co-operation and active participation of multiple stakeholders. Involvement
of not only the local community members but also the line departments of the district require a
proper forum for discussion, the implications of corridor management and also for facilitating
integrated planning and development. A coordination committee with the following members is
proposed for facilitating the interaction between EDCs, CMCs, local communities and various
government departments. Coordination committees for different areas will comprise of the
following:
1. Conservator of Forest, Garhwa Circle, Garhwa;
Western Circle, Daltonganj, Gumla Chairman in their jurisdiction
2. DFO, Garhwa South Division,
DFO, Latehar Division,
DFO, Gumla Division,
DFO, Medininagar Division – Member/ Members secretary in
the respective circles
3. DFO, Buffer Area Division, PTR- Member
4. DFO, Core Area Division, PTR - Member
5. DFO, Wildlife Hazaribag/ Ranchi
WL Division may be the member in
their jurisdiction.
6. Local MLA/ experts/ members of Panchayat,
Gram Sabha– Invited members
7. Any other members as decided by the committee.
8.2 EDC Co-ordination:
Apart from the EDCs proposed in the buffer area, several new EDCs will be formed in the
adjoining area of identified corridors. These new EDCs will be working with CMCs and assist
them in conservation of corridor areas. The CMCs will be created from the villages that fall within
the corridors. For this purpose, the entire length of corridors will be divided into stretches that
can be assigned to different EDC considering the location of EDC and its members in relation
to designated / potential corridors of the landscape. With the formation of several EDCs and
234
CMCs for corridor management, there is a need for administrative arrangement for facilitating
coordination between EDCs/ CMCs, so that conservation of corridors becomes a collective
responsibility of the communities. A confederation of the EDCs / CMCs will be formed for
coordination among the EDCs and CMCs and also with the forest department and the other
Govt departments. The following objectives may also be assigned to the Confederation:
i. Extending support and coordination to forest staff in corridor management.
ii. Forming local squads for protection of straying / dispersing wildlife.
iii. Active participation in corridor restoration initiatives.
8.3 Staff Deployment, Protection Strategy and Linkages with Tiger Cell and Buffer
Zone Strike Force:
The strategy will be developed after meeting with the officials of the division surrounding
buffer area and the divisions in which the corridors fall. The meeting will be chaired by the
Chief Wildlife Warden and the roles and the responsibilities will be assigned to each of the
divisions falling in the landscape.
Credible information about the movement of tigers either from the EDC members, villagers
living in close proximity to corridors, mobile patrolling squads or other public authorities will
be obtained.
For facilitating collecting information about dispersal of wildlife including tigers, a toll free
number will be set up at the Field Directors level. Upon receiving the information in the tiger
cell the message will be passed on to respective DFOs for alerting the local field formations.
Upon receiving information, the Range officer under whose jurisdiction the wildlife movement
has been noticed will send an advance party (team of field staff) to assess the field situation,
threats, if any and for collecting additional information about the extent of movement etc.
Based on the input provided by the advance party which includes details about the movement
of wild animal (particularly tiger) and threats posed to it, the Range officer will chalk out plan
for ensuring protection to the wild animal on the move. As per the field requirement, he will also
consult and coordinate with local Police, civil authorities, village headmen, EDC members and
members of non-governmental organizations for ensuring safety of wildlife while maintaining
law & order.
The Range officer concerned will also keep the tiger cell and the DFO of the division updated
about the status of wild animal movement and the measures adopted for ensuring its safety. As
per the assessment of security status, the requisition for buffer area strike force will be placed to
the DFO of the division concerned. Wherever possible, wildlife protection squads comprising
of local communities, youths, EDCs and volunteers will be setup and their services will be
utilized in monitoring animal movement within the landscape. These squads will also be trained
for creating awareness about wildlife
8.4. Schedule of Operations:
Following are the list of operations that will be carried out on the site (designated as well as
potential corridors) to ensure that all obligations are met and the stated vision and management
235
objectives are achieved. The list of operations is not exhaustive and the management may include
any other prescriptions as per the requirement for achieving the stated vision and management
objectives:
• Timely disbursal of ex-gratia and compensation to affected people.
• Identification of potential areas for raising plantations/ shelter belts.
• Undertaking plantations and corridors restoration works.
• Development of publicity material for mass media campaigns, conduct awareness.
• Evaluation of the status of corridors (both designated and potential) with respect to
ecology (habitat condition), floral and faunal diversity and biotic interferences.
• Constituting Teams for management of human-wildlife conflicts
• Enforcement of GPS enabled patrolling regime for securing corridor integrity
• Implementing mobile based monitoring tools for documenting human-wildlife
conflicts
• Formulation of site specific science based corridor restoration interventions
• Identification of stake-holders, subject matter specialists/ experts and preparation of
training/ awareness program calendar.
• Capacity building for field staff/ team in monitoring techniques, managing crowd,
wildlife rescue, immobilizing techniques etc.
The above operation will be in respect of CMC & EDCs under field staff of Forest Department
8.5 Activity Budget:
Budgetary details for different management projects/ prescriptions over the plan period have
not been included because it is difficult to forecast the financial expenditure at some point in
future. It is proposed that based on the management objectives and the prescribed projects/
interventions as outlined in this plan, financial year wise Annual Plan of Operations (APO) will
be prepared and submitted to NTCA/ other competent authorities for funding.
As a part of adaptive management process, it is proposed to have a mid term review of the
management plan for its effectiveness in addressing the concerns of wildlife dispersal
particularly of tigers at landscape level. During the midterm review the following aspects will
be considered:
• Status of implementation of various management projects.
• Adequacy of management plan objectives in conservation of corridors.
• Resources (physical, financial and human resource) available for implementation of
corridor plan implementation.
• Short comings/ deficiencies, if any, in corridor plan implementation.
• Requirement of management interventions, strategies, projects etc required in
addition to the existing prescriptions of the plan. Any other issues relevant to corridor
plan implementation.
236
ANNEXURES
Annexure- I
Government of Jharkhand
Department of Forest & Environment Notification
No. Wildlife-23/07 Dated ……………………
Whether the Government of Jharkhand is satisfied that in the interest of tiger conserva-
tion, the consent of Tiger Conservation Authority (as statutory body constituted under Ministry
of Environment & Forests, Government of India) has been obtained for the declaration of the
area included in the schedule hereto annexed hereto, situated in the district of Latehar, as the
Core or Critical Tiger Habitat of Palamau Tiger Reserve.
Therefore, in exercise of the power conferred by Sub Section (V) (I) of Section 38 of the
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, (as Amended in 2006) the Governer of Jharkhand is pleased to
declare the area specified in the Golobale annexed hereto, situated in the Palamau Tiger Reserve
in the District of Latehar, as the Core or Critical Tiger Habitat of Palamau Tiger Reserve.
District (Civil) - Latehar

Sub-Division (Civil) - Latehar
Block - Barwadih, Garu & Mahuadanr
O O
Latitude - 23 25’- 23 55’ (North)
O O
Longitude - 83 50’- 84 36’ (East)
Total Forest Area - 414.08 km2
Core Area - The Core area of Palamau Tiger Reserve covered by this notification is situated
in Barwadih, Garu and Mahuadanr blocks of District- Latehar. The forests falling under it are
the main constituents of Palamau Wildlife Sanctuary and Betla National Park. There in all 39
Reserve Forest Compartments, which include Baresanr 1 to 24, Ramandag 1 to 7 and Saidup 1
to 8. The total area included is 414.08 km2. The Core area is sunburned by the District – Garhwa
& Chhattisgarh state to its West, Forest of Mahuadanr Block to its South, forests of Garu &
Barwadih Block to its East and protected & reserve forests of Barwadih block to its North.
1 | Annexure
Schedule
Details of the Area of the Constituting Core or Critical Tiger Habitat of Palamau Tiger Reserve:
Total Forest Area notified u/s
Rectified area
Area n/s 18(1) of (35) (1) Betla
of should be
wildlife protec- National Park
Name notified u/s 26 Total
tion Act, 1972 vide notification Legal
of the Sl. No. Name of the Forest A of W.L.P.A Area of Thana
vide notification no. 46/95- Status
Area 1972 in final Core
no. 1224 dated 94 E/dated
notification
17.07.1976 (area 22.01.1996 (area
(Area in ha)
in ha.) in ha)
1 Saidup Com.- 1 1607.83 1284.47 323.36 R.F. 1607.83 Barwadih
2 Saidup Com.- 2 1349.19 749.19 600.00 R.F. 1349.19 Barwadih
Core 3 Saidup Com.- 3 1123.01 1123.01 0 R.F. 1123.01 Barwadih

Area,
Project 4 Saidup Com.- 4 1432.60 1432.60 0 R.F. 1432.6 Barwadih
Tiger, 5 Saidup Com.- 5 1187.76 1187.76 0 R.F. 1187.76 Barwadih
Dalton-
ganj. 6 Saidup Com.- 6 1033.17 1033.17 0 R.F. 1033.17 Barwadih
7 Saidup Com.- 7 1047.24 1047.24 0 R.F. 1047.24 Barwadih
8 Saidup Com.- 8 1413.34 0 1413.34 R.F. 1413.34 Barwadih
9 Ramandag Com.-1 659.49 0 659.49 R.F. 659.49 Barwadih
10 Ramandag Com.-2 755.15 0 755.15 R.F. 755.15 Barwadih
11 Ramandag Com.-3 1086.49 895.75 190.74 R.F. 1086.49 Barwadih
12 Ramandag Com.-4 1046.12 1046.12 0 R.F. 1046.12 Barwadih
15 Ramandag Com.-7 928.76 928.76 0 R.F. 928.76 Barwadih
16 Baresanr Com.-1 1257.17 1257.17 0 R.F. 1257.17 Garu
17 Baresanr Com.-2 1144.86 906.79 238.07 R.F. 1144.86 Garu

Buffer
Area, 18 Baresanr Com.-3 1250.49 920.03 330.46 R.F. 1250.49 Garu
Project
Tiger,
Dalton- 20 Baresanr Com.-5 716.30 716.30 0 R.F. 716.3 Garu
ganj.
23 Baresanr Com.-8 525.48 524.48 1.00 R.F. 525.48 Garu
25 Baresanr Com.-10 1103.18 0 1103.18 R.F. 1103.18 Garu
2 | Annexure
Total :- 41408.92 21354.36 20054.56 21354.36 41408.92 41408.92
Abstract-
Area (in ha) Area (in km2)
Area of Betla NP 21354.36 213.54
Area of Palamau WLS 20054.56 200.54
Total Core Zone 41408.92 414.08
By order of Governor of Jharkhand

Sd/-
(Dy. Secretary to Government)
Memo No. Wildlife-23/07-6589 Dated - 31.12.2007

Copy to Dr. Rajesh Gopal, IGF & Member Secretary, National Tiger Conservation Authority,
Bekaner House, Annexe-V, Shahjahan Road, New Delhi- 110011, Tele Fax:011-23384428 for
information.
Sd/-
Dy. Secretary to the Government

Copy to Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Jharkhand Ranchi / Principal Chief Conserva-
tor of Forests, Wildlife, Jharkhand, Ranchi / CCF, Wildlife, Ranchi / C.F.- Cum - Field Director,
Tiger Project, Palamau for information.
3 | Annexure
Sd/-

Copy to D.C. Latehar for information.
Sd/-
Attested by :

4 | Annexure
Annexure- II
DETAILS OF WATERHOLES IN CORE AREA (CTH)
Name of the Name of the Availability of Water
Range Location Nallah Sl. No. Name of Waterhole
Winter Summer
Chhipadohar Jawa 1 Karhbandhwa Yes No
2 Banjha Baher Yes No
3 Asnahi Yes No
4 Dhadang Yes No
5 Korindubhwa Yes Yes
Saidup Comp-1
6 Baghdohi Yes No
7 Banjhabaher Yes No
8 Karmahi Yes No
9 Kerakachar Yes No
10 Huhar Yes No
11 Koshiara Yes No
Saidup Comp.-2 12 Bhutha Yes Yes
13 Pataria Yes No
Jawa Nala 14 Shiv Sthan Yes Yes
15 Ahirdubwa Yes Yes
16 Kamalpani Yes Yes
17 Baskatia Yes Yes
18 Samrapani Yes No
Saidup Comp.-3 19 Barwahi Yes Yes
20 Chatnahi Yes No
21 Dakiniadumar Yes Yes
22 Bia Dumar Yes No
23 Mahur Matnag Yes No
24 Dumar Pani Yes No
25 Dhiadhund Yes Yes
26 Bhagbothwa Yes No
Saidup Comp.-4 27 Paraspani Yes Yes
28 Semra Pani Yes No
29 Besna Pani Yes No
30 Baluadhora Yes No
31 Jhapa Pani Yes Yes
32 Chirokhar Yes No
33 Bharbathi Yes Yes
34 Ambakhan Yes No
35 Dhardharia Yes No
36 Ghatkuti Yes Yes
Saidup Comp.-5 37 Charkarani Yes Yes
38 Chirokhar Nala Yes No
39 Ursul Yes Yes
40 Kusum Dhalan Yes No
41 Sojghatti Yes No
42 Asnahi Yes Yes
43 Charka Rani Yes Yes
44 Chiropani Yes Yes
45 Jatapathar Yes Yes
Saidup Comp..-6
46 Mahjidwa Nala Yes Yes
5 | Annexure
47 Piprahi Yes Yes
48 Dhojapani Yes
49 Dumar Pani Yes Yes
50 Tenwahi Yes
51 Sijwahi Yes Yes
52 Kukur Buthwa Yes
Saidup Comp..-7
53 Barahmaria Yes
54 Bander Chuan Yes
55 Losia Pani Yes
Garu East 56 Sohdag Yes
57 Gorna Pani Yes Yes
58 Kera Pani Yes Yes
Ramandag Comp..-1
59 Golardhondah Yes Yes
60 Sugabandh Yes Yes
61 Topa Pani Yes Yes
62 Dhawai Chuan Yes Yes
Ramandag Comp..-2 63 Sojugara Yes Yes
64 Baghbuthwa Yes Yes
65 Dabni Pani Yes Yes
66 Turidag Yes No
Baresanr Comp..-18 67 Bodhra Pani Yes No
68 Semra Nala Yes Yes
69 Dawane Pani Yes Yes
70 Jamun Pani Yes Yes
Baresanr Comp..-19
71 Jobla Pani Yes Yes
72 Buchha Dam Yes Yes
73 Satbahini Yes Yes
Baresanr Comp..-20 74 Nagri Nala Yes Yes
75 Baghbodhwa Yes Yes
Baresanr Comp..-21 77 Degchi Pani Yes Yes
78 Chuchijharia Yes Yes
79 Lata Kona Yes No
80 Baghbothwa Yes No
Baresanr Comp..-22 81 Bandhua Nala Yes Yes
82 Dhosa Pani Yes Yes
83 Kadho Jharia Yes No
84 Daswa Pani Yes Yes
Baresanr Comp..-23
86 Basra Kona Yes Yes
Garu West 87 Dumar Pani Yes Yes
88 Pila Pani Yes Yes
Baresanr Comp..-24
89 Mogala Pani Yes Yes
90 Tareganj Chuan Yes Yes
91 Dhari Dhari Yes Yes
92 Karso Pani Yes Yes
93 Pipar Pani Yes Yes
Baresanr Comp..-10 94 Kohbharwa Yes Yes
95 Bair Dipot Yes Yes
96 Lalmatia Yes Yes
97 Papita Pani Yes Yes
Baresanr Comp..-11 98 Jamun Pani Yes Yes
99 Jhoki Pani Yes Yes
Satnadiya 100 Satnadiya-1 Yes Yes
Ramandag Comp..-3
101 Satnadiya-2 Yes Yes
6 | Annexure
104 Singhlewa Yes Yes
105 Dumbar Pani Yes Yes
106 Purna Pani Yes No
107 Bonga Pani Yes Yes
108 Chamach Pani Yes Yes
Ramandag Comp..-4
109 Jamun Korka Yes Yes
110 Barunia Yes Yes
111 Gordhadwa Yes No
112 Chorni Pani Yes No
113 Baherakhanr Yes Yes
114 Tongachuan Yes Yes
115 Kerwasemar Yes Yes
116 Piprahi Yes Yes
Ramandag Comp..-5
117 Bachigara Yes Yes
118 Bandarchuan Yes Yes
119 Tinsuia Yes Yes
120 Barunia Yes Yes
122 Kadhbandhwa Yes Yes
Ramandag Comp..-6
123 Mahuakhanr Yes Yes
124 Dumardhonda Yes Yes
125 Ambatori Yes Yes
126 Harmahi Domohan Yes Yes
Ramandag Comp..-7
127 Kulkulhi Domar Yes Yes
128 Naukadera Yes Yes
129 Koupe Kona Yes Yes
130 Awla Pani Yes Yes
Baresanr Comp..-15
131 Salvan Yes Yes
132 Datram Yes Yes
133 Joni Pani Yes Yes
134 Upper Huluk Yes Yes
Baresanr Comp..-16 135 Paijan Pani Yes Yes
136 Sathhurwa Yes Yes
137 Ganjachuan Yes Yes
138 Tuti Pani Yes No
139 Dambakari Yes Yes
Baresanr Comp..-1
Baresanr 140 Butha Yes Yes
141 Ghamria Yes Yes
142 Laxmi Domohan Yes Yes
143 Hatikara Yes Yes
144 Gangtarkona Yes Yes
Baresanr Comp..-2
145 Shiv Semar Yes Yes
146 Modardomohan Yes Yes
147 Baigandhah Yes Yes
148 Khajur Pani Yes Yes
149 Asan Pani Yes Yes
Baresanr Comp..-3 151 Jokari Pani Yes No
152 Gawarghatta Pani Yes Yes
153 Baria Dhamar Yes Yes
154 Kole Pani Yes Yes
7 | Annexure
155 Kadua Pani Yes Yes
156 Kera Pani Yes Yes
157 Chodro Pani Yes Yes
Baresanr Comp..-4
158 Dumbhar Pani Yes Yes
159 Ambakhari Yes Yes
160 Kado Pani Yes Yes
161 Baghbadhwa Yes Yes
Baresanr Comp..-5
162 Jokari Pani Yes Yes
163 Bahar Budhiam Yes Yes
164 Dumbar Pani Yes Yes
165 Buthua Gadhari Yes Yes
166 Diyar Pani Yes Yes
167 Khara Pani Yes Yes
168 Karam Pani Yes Yes
Baresanr Comp..-6
169 Pakhri Pani Yes Yes
170 Churu Pani Yes Yes
171 Siris Pani Yes Yes
173 Badka Bandh Yes Yes
175 Pandra Pani Yes Yes
176 Baghbodwa Yes Yes
177 Jodhan Khanr Yes Yes
Baresanr Comp..-7 178 Gharijaria Yes Yes
179 Panchnadiya-1 Yes Yes
180 Jhara Pani Yes Yes
181 Panchnadiya-2 Yes Yes
182 Purna Pani Yes Yes
Baghdubuwa Nala 183 Kudlu Pani Yes Yes
184 Pipra Pani Yes Yes
185 Kabdholuwa Yes Yes
Baresanr Comp..-8 186 Bala Pani Yes Yes
187 Dharahadhah Yes Yes
188 Shohdhag Nala Yes Yes
189 Pachnadiya Yes Yes
191 Akhra Dumbar Yes Yes
192 Jhara Pani Yes Yes
Baresanr Comp..-9
193 Amba Pani Yes Yes
194 Kerakachar Yes No
195 Daud dera Yes Yes
196 Bhitiyahi Yes No
197 Jorpa Semar Yes Yes
198 Korwa Patter Yes Yes
Baresanr Comp..-12 199 Joki Pani Yes Yes
200 Tedha Amba Yes No
Baresanr Comp..-12
202 Bindag Pani Yes Yes
Baresanr Comp..-13 203 Jhojo Amba Yes Yes
204 Karso Pani Yes Yes
205 Bhati Amba Yes Yes
8 | Annexure
Annexure-III
List of Birds
S. No. Name Scientific Name Schedule*

1 Alexandrine or Large Indian Parakeet Psittacula eupatria Near Threatened
2 Ashy Swallow Shrike Artamus fuscus Least Concern
3 Ashy Wren Warbler Prinia socialis Least Concern
4 Baby-backed Shrike Lanius vittatus Least Concern
5 Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus Least Concern
6 Barn or Screech Owl Tyto alba Least Concern
7 Barred Jungle Owlet Glaucidium radiatum Least Concern
8 Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus Least Concern
9 Black Bird Turdus merula Least Concern
10 Black Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis Least Concern
11 Black Ibis Pseudibis papillosa Least Concern
12 Black Partridge Melanoperdix niger Vulnerable A2c +3c +4c
13 Black-bellied Finch Lark Eremopterix grisea Least Concern
14 Blackbreasted or Rain Quail Coturnix coromandelica Least Concern
15 Black-breasted Weaver Ploceus benghalensis Least Concern
16 Black-headed Cuckoo Shrike Coracina melanoptera Least Concern
17 Black-headed Munia Lonchura malacca Least Concern
18 Black-headed Oriole Oriolus xanthornus Least Concern
19 Black-necked Strok Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus Near Threatened
20 Blackwinged Kite Elanus caeruleus Least Concern
21 Blackwinged Stilt Himantopus himantopus Least Concern
22 Blossom-headed Parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala Least Concern
23 Blue-tailed Bee-eater Merops philippinus Least Concern
24 Blue-throated Barbet Psilopogon asiaticus Least Concern
25 Blue-winged Leaf bird Chloropsis cochinchinensis Least Concern
26 Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus Least Concern
27 Brahminy Myna Sturnus pagodarum Least Concern
28 Brown Fish Owl Ketupa zeylonensis Least Concern
29 Button Quail Turnix tanki Least Concern
30 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Least Concern
31 Chestnut Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus Least Concern
32 Chestnut-bellied Nuthatch Sitta castanea Least Concern
33 Chestnut-headed Bee-eater Merops leschenaulti Least Concern
34 Collared Scopes Owl Otus bakkamoena Least Concern
35 Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus Least Concern
36 Common Green Pigeon Treron phoenicoptera Least Concern
9 | Annexure
37 Indian Grey Hornbill Ocyceros birostris Least Concern
38 Common Hawk Cuckoo Cuculus varius Least Concern
39 Common Hoopoe Upupa epops Least Concern
40 Common Indian Nightjar Caprimulgus asiaticus Least Concern
41 Common or Blue legged Bustard Quail Turnix suscitator Least Concern
42 Common or Grey Quail Coturnix coturnix Least Concern
43 Common Pariah Kite Milvus migrans Least Concern
44 Common Sandgrouse Pterocles exustus Least Concern
45 Common Sandpiper Tringa hypoleucos Least Concern
46 Common Swallow Hirundo rustica Least Concern
47 Common Teal Anas crecca Least Concern
48 Common Wood Shrike Tephrodornis pondicerianus Least Concern
49 Coppersmith Barbet Megalaima haemacephala Least Concern
50 Crested Hawk Eagle Spizaetus cirrhatus Least Concern
51 Crested Lark Galerida cristata Least Concern
52 Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela Least Concern
53 Crested Tree Swift Hemiprocne longipennis Least Concern
54 Crow Pheasant Centropus siensis
55 Curlew Numenius arquata Near Threatened
56 Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus Least Concern
57 Golden-backed Woodpecker Dinopium benghalense Least Concern
58 Golden-fronted Leaf bird Chloropsis aurifrons Least Concern
59 Green Munia Estrilda formosa
60 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Least Concern
61 Grey Patridge Francolinus pondicerianus Least Concern
62 Grey Tit Parus major Least Concern
63 Grey Wagtail Motacilla canerea Least Concern
64 Grey-headed Flycatcher Culicicapa ceylonensis Least Concern
65 Grey-headed Myna Sturnus malabaricus Least Concern
66 House Crow Corvus splendens Least Concern
67 House Sparrow Passer domesticus Least Concern
68 House Swift Apus affinis Least Concern
69 Indian Great Horned Owl Bubo bubo bengalensis
70 Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis Least Concern
71 Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus Least Concern
72 Indian Pipit Anthus novaeseelandiae Least Concern
73 Indian Pitta Pitta brachyura Least Concern
74 Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata Least Concern
75 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis Least Concern
76 Indian Small Skylark Alauda gulgula Least Concern
77 Indian Tree Pie Dendrocitta vagabunda Least Concern
10 | Annexure
78 Indian Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida Least Concern
79 Indian Wren Warbler Prinia subflava Least Concern
80 Iora Aegithina tiphia Least Concern
81 Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus Least Concern
82 Jungle Bush Quail Perdicula asiatica Least Concern
83 Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos Least Concern
84 Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus Least Concern
85 King or Black Vulture Torgos calvus Critically Endangered
86 Koel Eudynamys scolopacea Least Concern
87 Large Cuckoo Shrike Coracina novaehollandiae Least Concern
88 Large Grey Babbler Turdoides malcolmi Least Concern
89 Large Pied Wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis Least Concern
90 Little Brown Dove Streptopelia senegalensis Least Concern
91 Little Egret Egretta garzetta Least Concern
92 Little Green Bittern Butorides striatus Least Concern
93 Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius Least Concern
94 Little Stint Calidris minuta Least Concern
95 Lorikeet Loriculus vernalis Least Concern
96 Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis Least Concern
97 Malabar Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros coronatus Near Threatened
98 Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Least Concern
99 Painted Sandgrouse Pterocles indicus Least Concern
100 Palm Swift Cypsiurus parvus Least Concern
101 Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi Least Concern
102 Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata Least Concern
103 Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis Least Concern
104 Pied Myna Sturnus contra Least Concern
105 Pigmy Woodpecker Picoides nanus Least Concern
106 Pintail Duck Anas acuta Least Concern
107 Pond Heron Ardeola grayii Least Concern
108 Purple Sunbird Nectarinia asiatica Least Concern
109 Purple-rumped Sunbird Nectarinia zeylonica Least Concern
110 Quaker Babbler Alcippe poioicephala Least Concern
111 Racket-tailed Drongo Dicrurus paradiseus Least Concern
112 Red Jungle Fowl Gallus gallus Least Concern
113 Red or Waxbill Munia Estrilda amandava Least Concern
114 Red Spurfowl Galloperdix spadicea Least Concern
115 Redrumped or Striated Swallor Hirundo Least Concern
116 Redshank Tringa totanus Least Concern
117 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer Least Concern
118 Redwattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus Least Concern
119 Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus Least Concern
120 Red-winged Bush Lark Mirafra erythroptera Least Concern
11 | Annexure
121 Refous-tailed Finch Lark Ammomanes phoenicurus Least Concern
122 Ring Dove Streptopelia decaocto Least Concern
123 River Tern Sterna aurantia Near Threatened
124 Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri Least Concern
125 Rufous Woodpecker Micropternus brachyurus Least Concern
126 Rufous-backed Shrike Lanius schach Least Concern
127 Rufous-bellied Babbler Dumetia hyperythra Least Concern
128 Scarlet Minivet Pericrocotus flammeus Least Concern
129 Shama Copsychus malabaricus Least Concern
130 Shikra Accipiter badius Least Concern
131 Short-toed Eagle Circaetus gallicus Least Concern
132 Sirkeet Cuckoo Taccocua leschenaultii Least Concern
133 Slaty-headed Scimitar Babbler Pomatorhinus schisticeps Least Concern
134 Small Blue Kingfisher Alcedo atthis Least Concern
135 Small Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis Least Concern
136 Small Minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus Least Concern
137 Spotted Babbler Pellorneum ruficeps Least Concern
138 Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis Least Concern
139 Spotted Munia Lonchura punctulata Least Concern
140 Stone Curlew Burhinus oedicnemus Least Concern
141 Streaked Fantail Warbler Cisticola juncidis Least Concern
142 Streaked Weaver Ploceus manyar Least Concern
143 Tailor Bird Orthotomus sutorius Least Concern
144 Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax Least Concern
145 Thick-billed Flowerpecker Dicaeum agile Least Concern
146 Tickell's Blue Flycatcher Cyornis tickelliae Least Concern
147 Tickell's Flowerpecker Dicaeum erythrorhynchos Least Concern
148 Verditer Flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi Least Concern
149 White Ibis Eudocimus albus Least Concern
150 White Scavenger Vulture Neophron percnopterus Endangered
151 White Stork Ciconia ciconia Least Concern
152 White Wagtail Motacilla alba Least Concern
153 White-backed Munia Lonchura striata Least Concern
154 White-backed Vulture Gyps bengalensis Critically Endangered
155 White-bellied Drongo Dicrurus caerulescens Least Concern
156 White-breasted Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis Least Concern
157 White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus Least Concern
158 White-eyed Buzzard Butastur teesa Least Concern
159 White-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus Vulnerable
160 White-spotted Fantail Flycatcher Rhipidura albicollis Least Concern
161 White-throated Munia Lonchura malabarica Least Concern
162 Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii Least Concern
12 | Annexure
163 Wood or Spotted Sandpiper Tringa glareola Least Concern
164 Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava Least Concern
165 Yellow-eyed Babbler Chrysomma sinense Least Concern
166 Yellow-fronted Pied Woodpecker Picoides mahrattensis Least Concern
167 Yellow-headed Wagtail Motacilla citreola Least Concern
168 Yellow-Throated Sparrow Petronia xanthocollis Least Concern
169 Yellow-wattled Lapwing Vanellus malabaricus Least Concern
* The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Ver. 3.1
LIST OF REPTILES
1 Red Sand Boa Eryx johnii Least Concern

2 Indian Cobra Naja naja Least Concern
3 King Cobra Ophiophagus hannah Vulnerable A2acd
4 Banded Karait Bungarus fasciatus Least Concern
5 Common Karait Bungarus caeruleus Least Concern
6 Burmese Python Python molurus Vulnerable A2acd
7 Rat Snake Ptyas mucosa
8 Russel Viper daboia
13 | Annexure
Annexure-IV
FLORA
List of important seed - bearing plants
Sl. No. LOCAL NAME LATIN NAME
A. TREES :
1 Ach Morinda tinctoria
2 Amla Emblica officinalis
3 Amda Spondias mangifera
4 Arjun Terminalia arjuna
5 Asan Terminalia tomentosa
6 Babul Acacia arabica
7 Bahera Terminalia bellirica
8 Bahuar Cordia myxa
9 Bakain Melia azedarach
10 Bar Ficus benghalensis
11 Barhar Artocarpus lakoocha
12 Barun Ficus tomentosa
13 Bel Aegle marmelos
14 Belwanjan Cordia Macleodii
15 Ber Ziziphus mauritiana
16 Beri Casearia tomentosa
17 Bhabiranj Antidesma ghaesembilla
18 Bhaire Ehretia laevis
19 Bharhul Chloroxylon swietenia
20 Bhelwa Semecarpus anacardium
21 Bhurkur Hymenodictyon excelsum
22 Bia/Paisar Pterocarpus marsupium
23 Champa Michelia champaca
24 Chatni Alstonia scholaris
25 Chilbil Holoptelea integrifolia
26 Dhanraj/Amaltas Cassia fistula
27 Dhautha Anogeissus latifolia
28 Dhela Alangium lamarckii
29 Dimar Ficus hispida
30 Galgal Cochlospermum gossypium
31 Gamhar Gmelina arborea
32 Genjan Lannea grandis
33 Ghato Schrebera swietenioides
34 Ghorkaranj/ Ghorkaram Ailanthus excelsa
35 Guri/Gurikaram Mitragyna parviflora
14 | Annexure
36 Gursukhi Grewia hirsuta
37 Hardi Dalbergia lanceolaria
38 Harra Terminalia chebula
39 Imli/Jojo Tamarindus indica
40 Jamun Eugenia jambolana
41 Jang Siris Albizzia odoratissima
42 Jotsingh Rubia cordifolia
43 Kachnar Bauhinia variegata
44 Kajhi Bridelia retusa
45 Kala Shisham Dalbergia latifolia
46 Kamini/Otel Murraya exotica
47 Karam Adina cordifolia
48 Karanj Pongamia glabra
49 Kari Saccopetalum tomentosum (Syn. miliusa velutina)
50 Katai Vangueria pubescens
51 Katber Ziziphus mauritiana
52 Kathal Artocarpus integrifolia
53 Kathul Bauhinia retusa
54 Katjamun Eugenia heyneana
55 Katmauli Bauhinia racemosa
56 Keonjhi Sterculia urens
57 Khair Acacia catechu
58 Koenar Bauhinia purpurea
59 Koreya Holarrhena antidysentrica
60 Kudmi Polyalthia cerasoides
61 Kumbhi Careya arborea
62 Kusum Schleichera oleosa
63 Lohajangin Ixora parviflora
64 Madartendu Diospyros embryopteris
65 Mahua Madhuca latifolia
66 Mango Mangifera indica
67 Medh Litsea sebifera
68 Neem Azadirachta indica
69 Pader Stereospermum suaveolens
70 Paiman Eugenia operculata
71 Palas Butea frondosa
72 Papra Gardenia latifolia
73 Parho Ficus cunia
74 Patdhaman Grewia asiatica
75 Piar Buchanania lanzan
76 Pipal Ficus religiosa
15 | Annexure
77 Piurar Randia uliginosa
78 Pula Kydia calycina
79 Rai Dillenia pentagyna
80 Ratangur Elaeodendron mukorossi
81 Ritha Sapindus mukorossi
82 Rohan Mallotus philippinensis
83 Rohena Soymida febrifuga
84 Safed Siris Albizzia procera
85 Sagwan/Teak Tectona grandis
86 Sal/Sakhua Shorea robusta
87 Salia Boswellia serrata
88 Sandan Ougeinia oojeinensis
89 Semal Bombax ceiba
90 Shisham Dalbergia sissoo
91 Sidha Lagerostroemia parviflora
92 Siris Albizzia lebbek
93 Sonapatta Oroxylum indicum
94 Tend/Kend/Tiril Diospyros melanoxylon
95 Tilia/Tiril Wendlandia exserta
96 Toon Toona ciliata
97 Tut Morus spp.
B. SHRUBS AND HERBS
1 Aitha/Atham Helicteres isora
2 Akaon Calotropis gigantea
3 Amti Antidesma diandrum
4 Baborang Embelia robusta
5 Ban/ Kapasi Thespesia lampas
6 Belsain Limonia acidissima
7 Bhant Clerodendron infortunatum
8 Binda/Bindhu Colebrookea oppositifolia
9 Birja/Bara/Jirhul Sophora bakeri
10 Chakor Cassia tora
11 Chandra Rauwolfia spp.
12 Chirchiri Achyranthes aspera
13 Chiretta Swertia pulchella
14 Dekamali Gardenia gummifera
15 Dhathora Ziziphus oenoplia
16 Dhawai Woodfordia fruticosa
17 Dudhi Euphorbia hirta
18 Gaiti Hypericum gaitii
19 Galphuli Flemingia chappar
16 | Annexure
20 Gond/Marmaridara Strobilanthes auriculatus
21 Jangli Karonda Carissa spinarum
22 Jangli Piaj Urginea indica
23 Jirhul Indigofera pulchella
24 Kalchu/Chiku Glochidion lanceolarium
25 Kalmegh Andrographis paniculata
26 Kanwar Carissa carandas
27 Kapar/Adhkapar Wrightia tinctoria
28 Kargali Cleistanthus collinus
29 Karhar/Dhanuk Gardenia turgida
30 Kashmoi Berberis aristata
31 Katai Flacourtia ramontchi
32 Keonti Ventilago maderaspatana
33 Khejur Phoenix acaulis
34 Lajwanti Mimosa pudica
35 Lodh Symplocos racemosa
36 Makoi Solanum nigrum
37 Mowar Randia dumetorum
38 Putri Croton oblongifolius
39 Putus Lantana camara
40 Rengni Solanum xanthocarpum
41 Salpani Flemingia stricta
42 Samshihar/Harsingar Nyctanthes arobor-tristis
43 Sarpuka Tephrosia purpurea
44 Satawar Asparagus racemosus
45 Sika Flueggia obovata
46 Sindwar Vitex negundo
C. CLIMBERS, PARASITES, SEMI- PARASITES, ORCHIDS
1 Alaj-jori/ Parasite Cuscuta reflexa
2 Alkosi Mucuna pruriens
3 Arar Acacia pennata
4 Banda Loranthus spp.
5 Banda Viscum spp.
6 Bhidia lar Porana paniculata
7 Bilari Mukia maderaspatana
8 Cihut Butea parviflora
9 Dorang Butea superba
10 Dudhia lar Cryptolepis buchanani
11 Gurnar Millettia auriculata
12 Harjorwa Vitis repanda
13 Karjani Abrus precatorius
17 | Annexure
14 Keksa Momordica dioica
15 Khopri Vitis latifolia
16 Maholan Bauhinia vahlii
17 Orchid Habenaria susannae
18 Orchid Pogonia spp.
19 Orchid Vanda spp.
20 Patal Konhra Pueraria tuberosa
21 Ram datwan Smilax macrophylla
22 Ram datwan Smilax prolifera
23 Rateng/Phalandur Combretum decandrum
24 Saon lar Ichnocarpus frutescens
25 --- Cassytha spp.
D. GRASSES, BAMBOO, AGAVE
1 --- Chrysopogon mountanus

2 Bans/Bamboo Dendrocalamus strictus
3 Bara bans Bambusa arundinacea
4 Cherograss Imperata arundinacea
5 Chor kanta Chrysopogon aciculatus
6 Doob Cynodon dactylon
7 Dudhia sauri Apluda varia
8 Jharu/Broom grass Thysanolaena agrostis
9 Jharu/Motaminijhar Arundinella setosa
10 Kher/Sauri grass Heteropogon contortus
11 Khrj Panicum montana
12 Khus-khus Vetiveria zizanioides
13 Moraba Agave spp.
14 Munj Saccharum munja
15 Nanha dudhe grass Cymbopogon martinii
16 Sabai Eulaliopsis binata
17 Ulu Imperata cylindrica
18 | Annexure
Annexure- V
Letter/ report from CCMB, Hyderabad
Dr. S. Shivaji
Scientist - G (Director - grade Scientist)
February 26, 2009
Mr. R.N. Prasad,

Conservator of Forest and Field Director,
Project Tiger Circle,
Palamau,
Jharkhand
Dear Prasadji,
At the outset, I would like to thank you for your overwhelming support in the collec-
tion of scats and for sending them to us for analysis. As per the preliminary report attached
(Enclosure - I), I am happy to inform you that 16 out of 34 samples indicated the presence
of DNA specific to tigers. This number does not necessarily mean that there are 16 tigers and in
order to arrive at the exact number of tigers, we need to carry out more detailed studies, which
would take a few months.
Please note 7 samples as indicated in Enclosure - II were not received by us though we
received your letter No. 1506, dated 24.10.2008.
I would like to once again thank you for your cooperation and look forward to receiving
more samples from Palamau.
With regards and best wishes,
Yours sincerely,
Sd/-
(Dr. S. Shivaji)
Attested by :

19 | Annexure
Enclosure - I
Sl. Sample code given
Letter No. Sample No Samples isolated Tiger specific PCR
No. at LaCONES
1 980, 24.06.2008 1  P PJ1
2 980, 24.06.2008 2  P PJ2
3 980, 24.06.2008 3  P PJ3
4 980, 24.06.2008 4  P PJ4
5 980, 24.06.2008 5  P PJ5
6 980, 24.06.2008 6  P PJ6
7 980, 24.06.2008 7  P PJ7
8 980, 24.06.2008 8  P PJ8
9 1106, 22.7.2008 1 D - -
10 1106, 22.7.2008 2 D - -
11 1106, 22.7.2008 3  P PJ9
12 1146, 2.8.2008 1  P PJ10
13 1146, 2.8.2008 2  P PJ11
14 1146, 2.8.2008 3  P PJ12
15 1146, 2.8.2008 4  P PJ13
16 1146, 2.8.2008 5  P PJ14
17 1192, 11.8.2008 1  P PJ15
18 1324, 9.9.2008 1  N -
19 1324, 9.9.2008 2  N -
20 1324, 9.9.2008 3  N -
21 1324, 9.9.2008 4  N -
22 1343, 13.9.2008 1 FG - -
23 1343, 13.9.2008 2 D - -
24 1343, 13.9.2008 3  N -
25 1408, 26.9.2008 1  N -
26 1408, 26.9.2008 2  N -
27 1408, 26.9.2008 3  N -
28 1408, 26.9.2008 4 D - -
29 1408, 26.9.2008 5 D - -
30 1408, 26.9.2008 6  N -
31 1629, 26.11.2008 1 FG - -
32 1629, 26.11.2008 2 FG - -
33 1629, 26.11.2008 3 FG - -
34 1629, 26.11.2008 4 FG - -
35 1629, 26.11.2008 5 FG - -
36 1629, 26.11.2008 6 FG - -
37 1714,13.12.2008 1 FG - -
38 1714,13.12.2009 2  P PJ16
39 1714,13.12.2010 3 D - -
40 1714,13.12.2011 4  N -
41 1714,13.12.2012 5 D - -
D-Dried sampal FG-Fungal growth P-Tiger positive N-Negative
20 | Annexure
Enclosure - II
Tiger specific Sample code given

Sl. No. Letter No. Sample No Samples isolated
PCR at LaCONES
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 1506, 24.10.2008 1 NR - -
2 1506, 24.10.2008 2 NR - -
3 1506, 24.10.2008 3 NR - -
4 1506, 24.10.2008 4 NR - -
5 1506, 24.10.2008 5 NR - -
6 1506, 24.10.2008 6 NR - -
7 1506, 24.10.2008 7 NR - -
21 | Annexure
Letter/ report by WII, Dehradun
Shri P.R. Sinha,

Director,
Registered/Fax
F#WII/WFC/S-35/Jharkhand/2012 Dated: March 04, 2012
To,
Principal Chief Conservator of Forests & Chief Wildlife Warden,
Jharkhand,
Ranchi, Jharkhand.
Sub: Regarding DNA analysis of tiger scat samples.
Ref: Your letter No. 122 (WL) 08-09, dated 17.1.2012
Sir,
It is to inform that we received tiger scats samples (n= 162) from Palamau Tiger Reserve
as per details given below:
a. During the year 2010 -111 samples
b. During the year 2011 - 51 samples
Out of these, DNA sequencing could be undertaken for 127 scat samples only. We could
identify confirmed tiger scats from 18 samples of which 13 were from the samples of 2010 and
05 from 2011.
Based on sex marker and multilocus genotyping, we could identify 07 (5 males and
2 females) from samples collected during 2010 and 05 (02 males and 03 females) from
samples collected in 2011.
The detailed report is being sent separately.
Yours sincerely,

Sd/-
(P.R. Sinha)
Attested by :

22 | Annexure
Letter/ report by Aaranyak, Guwahati
GENETIC IDENTIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL TIGERS IN

PALAMAU TIGER RESERVE FROM THEIR SCATS
Technical Report
2011
Executed by
Wildlife Genetics Laboratory
Aaranyak
23 | Annexure
Research team :
Udayan Bortakur
Rumi Dev Barman
Report by :
Aaranyak, 50, Samanwoy Path (Survey), PO: Beltola; Guwahati-781 028.
Assam, India
Tel: +91-361-2228418/2230250
WWW.aaranyak.org
For technical details please contact: Udayan Borthakur
Programme Head
Wildlife Genetics Programme, Aaranyak
Email: udayan@aaranyak.org
Phone:+91 9435728717
Suggested citation:
Borthakur U, Barman RD (2011). Genetic identification of individual tigers in Palamau Tiger
Reserve from their scats. Technical report, Aaranyak WGP, pp. 1 – 11.
24 | Annexure
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are thankful to the officials of National Tiger Conservation Authority, Govt. of India for
their support.
We thank the officials of Department of Environment and Forest, Jharkhand and Palamau Tiger
Reserve for entrusting upon us by providing scat samples for analysis.
We thank Dr, Bibbab Kumar Talukdar for his continuous support to our genetic research work.
We thank Mr. Pranjal Kumar Das and Mr. Dipul Saikia for their kind support in the laboratory.
We thank all the Scientists, officials and staff of Aaranyak for their help and support to our
work.
25 | Annexure
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive summary 1
Introduction 2
Objectives 2
Methodology 3
Results 6
Conclusion 9
Recommendations 9
References 10
Box
How does faecal DNA analysis work? 3
Tables
Table 1. List of scat samples used in the study 6
Table 2. Summary of Chi-square test for

Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium, 8

Figure
Figure 1. Graphical representation Product
P ID and P ID- sibs values of 7 polymorphic
microsatellite loci In 6 tiger scat samples
from Palamau 8
26 | Annexure
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In the present study, scat samples collected from palamau Tiger Reserve, Jharkhand were
analyzed in the wildlife Genetics of Aaranyak to identify genuine tiger scats and the number
of individuals present. 38 scats collected by the Field Directorate, palamau in the duration of
April to July 2011 were included in the study. Analysis of species identity using mitochondrial
DNA markers revealed confirmed tiger identity of 8 scat samples, whereas 13 scats could be
confirmed as of non-tiger origin. 45% of the scats failed to produce any results due to poor
quality of samples. Multilocus microsatellite genotyping of the 8 confirmed tiger scat samples
confirmed the presence of 6 different individual in the sample set. Analysis of sex chromosome
linked marker showed the presence of 1 male and 5 female tigers within the 6 individuals
present. Thus, our analysis confirms the presence of minimum 6 individual tigers in Palamau
Tiger Reserve in the scats collected by the Field Directorate.
27 | Annexure
Annexure- VI
LIST OF GRASSLANDS IN CORE AREA (CTH)
Sl. No. Name of Range Name of Forest Name of Grassland Area in Ha.
1 Saidup Comp.-1 Harindegua 6
2 Saidup Comp.-2 Lukaikhanr 21
Chhipadohar (E)
3 Saidup Comp.-3 Barwahi 5
4 Saidup Comp.-5 Ghatkutti 8
5 Baresanr Comp.-1 Phutahwa 25
6 Gangkerkona 3
7 Baigindah 7
Baresanr Comp.-2
8 Gangtar 15
9 Ambatanr 55
10 Baresanr Comp.-3 Chirailagwa 20
11 Buthat 15
12 Baresanr Comp.-4 Bardakhanr 10
13 Barunkhanr 10
14 Baresanr Comp.-7 Bagechampa 25
15 Baresanr Baijarmari 15
Baresanr Comp. -8
16 Maunasili 25
17 Teno 15
18 Gareyasemer 10
19 Baresanr Comp-9 Dhobanpitwa 7
20 Kajhihanr 15
21 Dhubanmitwa 10
22 Baresanr Comp.-4 Bariambha 5
23 Baresanr Comp.-4 Kusumdhalan 6
24 Baresanr Comp-2 & 7 Romala 10
25 Baresanr Comp.-4 Jochankhanr 6
26 Ramandag Comp-3 Lalmatia 10
27 Ramandag Comp-3 Garudohar 5
28 Ramandag Comp-3 Bhaisadohar 5
29 Ramandag Comp-3 Dadiahi 3
30 Ramandag Comp-4 Baribandh 20
31 Ramandag Comp-5 Baherakhanr 10
32 Garu West Ramandag Comp-5 Kerwasemar 5
33 Ramandag Comp-5 & 6 Thongachua 5
34 Ramandag Comp-5 Jorasakhua 10
35 Ramandag Comp-7 Pumkilanda 5
36 Datrum 5
Ramandag Comp-15
37 Joipani 15
38 Baresanr Comp.-7 Bareganttu 3
39 Baresanr Comp.-19 Garitanr 25
Garu East
40 Ramandag Comp.-2 Dhawaichuan 10
Total 485
28 | Annexure
Annexure- VII
LIST OF NATURAL SALT LICKS IN CORE OR CTH
Name of Range Location of Salt Licks Name of Salt Licks

Ambatanr
Ragindah
Baresanr Compartment-2 Sheobal
Sheosena
Sinuar Khanr
Ambakhari
Baresanr Compartment-3
Cheo Kona
Kerkata Nala
Baresanr Compartment-5 Kharapani
Pirthi Bothan
Butna Gharari
Baresanr Compartment-6 Chuhra Pani
Khamhi Pani
Baresanr Biachiran
Hathjarhwa
Baresanr Compartment-7 Jodhan Khanr
Lohabat
Rajdaha
Baghdubwa
Bala Pani
Bhawnasili
Sohdag
Ambapani
Asanpani
Baresanr Compartment-9 Bhitiahi
Danddera
Korwa Panghat
Lalmatia
Pithanrpani
Dumar Pani
Garu West Baresanr Compartment-11
Manjar Binhwa
Bichiakona
Jamunpani
Baresanr Baresanr Compartment-1 Guruwani
Asnahi
Chhipadohar East Saidup Compartment-1
Bagdori
29 | Annexure
Churarwa
Harindegwa
Baharbaj
Chamrahi
Dholim Pitwa
Saidup Compartment-2
Losiara
Lukuwa
Patha Kutwa
Barwahi
Chorlutwa
Saidupe Compartment-3
Dhaurbar
Koia Bathan
Baheradora
Gamhartona
Saidupe Compartment-4
Kujrikhanr
Parsapani
Dhardharia
Lukua
Saidup Compartment-5
Marabari
Ursul
Saidup Compartmnet-6 Mahjidwa
Chhipadohar West
Saidup Compartment-7 Sijuahi
Dhawdhoi Nala
Ramandag Compartment - 1
Garu East Daiga Budhar
Ramandag Compartment - 2 Bagh Bothwa
Bhainsa Dohar
Ramandag Compartment - 3 Garu Dohar
Mayurmari
Bagebandh
Ramandag Compartment - 4 Purnapani
Garu West Palapani
Ramandag Compartment - 5 Teora Pani
Bhatura Bahar
Kabandhwa
Garang
Nuswadih
Jolhadera
Baresanr Compartment - 15
Garu West Lupkona
Baresanr Compartment - 16 Datrum
Baresanr Compartment - 17 Burhigarha
Garu East
Baresanr Compartment - 18 Morainikhanr
30 | Annexure
Baresanr Compartment - 19 Ambapani
Harsirasta
Kalaokhera
Chhuchi Jharia
Nagari
Baresanr Compartment - 22 Barka Jobla
Daindoha
31 | Annexure
Annexure- VIII
LIST OF FIRE LINE IN CORE AREA (CTH)
Length in
Name of Range S. No Name of Fire line
kms.
1 Boundary line between Saidupe-1 & Hehegara 1.00
2 Boundary line between Saidupe-1 & Chungru PF 8.00
Chhipadohar East
3 Boundary line between Saidup -2 & Chhipadohar RF 7.00
4 Boundary line between Saidup -2 & 3 8.00
5 Boundary line between Saidup-4 & Labhar PF 10.00
6 Boundary line between Saidup & Tongari PF 21.00
Chhipadohar (E)
7 Boundary line between Saidup-4 & 8 8.00
Boundary line of Saidup -6, Saidup RF and Barichattan -
Chhipadohar (W) 10 12.00
Jhumar PF
11 Boundary line of Saidup-7 and Morwai PF 7.00
12 Boundary line of Ramandag-4 and Ladi RF 6.00
13 Boundary line of Ramandag-4 and Mundu PF 5.00
14 Boundary line of Ramandag-4 & 5 3.00
15 Boundary line of Ramandag-7 and Serendag RF 5.00
Garu West
16 Boundary line of Ramandag-7 & 6 8.00
17 Boundary line of Ramandag-5 & Ladi RF 3.00
18 Boundary line of Ramandag-3&5 4.00
19 Surrounding boundary of Baresanr -15 12.00
Boundary line between Baresanr -5 and Chhattisgarh In-
20 5.00
ter-State Border
21 Boundary line between Baresanr-4 & Saniya PF 4.00
22 Boundary line between Baresanr-9 & Baresanr RF 5.00
23 Boundary line between Baresanr - 9 & Baresanr RF 4.00
24 Boundary line between Baresanr -9 & 10 6.00
Baresanr
25 Boundary line between Baresanr - 1 & 10 4.00
29 Boundary line between Baresanr - 4, 5 & 6 10.00
30 Boundary line between Baresanr -3 & 4 6.00
Garu East 31 Boundary line between Manika Range & Ramandag -1 & 2 12.00
32 Boundary line between Baresanr 14 & 11 6.00
Garu West
33 Boundary line between Baresanr 14 & 17 8.00
34 Boundary line between Teno & Baresanr 3.00
Baresanr 35 Boundary line between Baresanr 12 & 13 3.00
Total 245.00
32 | Annexure
Annexure - IX
LIST OF VEHICLES IN PROJECT TIGER, PALAMAU
PROJECT TIGER CIRCLE, DALTONGANJ, PALAMAU

Purchase
Vehicle Year Condition
Type of Petrol / from Cen- Remarks
Sl. No. Registration of of the
Vehicle Diesel tral / State (Deployment)
No. Make Vehicle
Fund
JH- Toyota For. Tourist pur-
1 Diesel 2003 Working Central
03A-7868 Qualis pose
Ambassador
2 JH-03-7675 Petrol 2003 Working Central With F.D.
Car
JH-
3 Gypsy Petrol 2003 Working State Plan For patrolling
03A-4963
CORE AREA, PROJECT TIGER, DALTONGANJ.

1 BR-15P-0381 Jeep Diesel 1999 Working Central
In Betla
2 BR-15P-0236 Jeep Diesel 1998 Working WWF
Range for
407 Model patrolling
3 BR-15P-0207 Diesel 1998 Working WWF
Truck
In Chhipado-
407 Model
4 BR-15P-0208 Diesel 1998 Working WWF har Range for
Truck
patrolling
5 JH-03A-1804 Rajdoot Motor With Field
6 JH-03A-1805 Cycle Staff for
7 JH-03A-3722 Petrol 2002 Working Central Monitoring,
Motor Cycle Protection &
8 JH-03A-4952
(Bullet) management
9 JH-03A-3370
Betla Range
10 JH-03A-7869 Gypsi Petrol 2003 Working State Plan
for patrolling
In Chhipado-
11 BR-15P-2370 Jeep Diesel 1999 Working Central har Range for
Patrolling
Betla Range
407-Water
12 JH-03A-6244 Diesel 2003 Working Central for supply of
Tanker
water
Publicity
13 BR-15P-0424 Publicity Van Diesel 2000 Working Central
Purpose
Patrolling C.F.
14 JH-01P-6570 Bolero D.I. Diesel 2006 Working Central
Core
33 | Annexure
In Betla
709 Model
15 JH-03B-9893 Diesel 2006 Working Central Range for pa-
Truck
trolling T.P.F.
C.F. Core
407 Model
16 BR-15P-3918 Diesel 1998 Working WFP Area for med-
Medical Van
ical camp
17 JH-03-E-5986 Bolero D.I. Diesel 2010 Working Central With C.F.
Chhipadohar
18 JH-03-H-5245 Bolero Camper Diesel 2012 Working W.C.T. East Range
for Patrolling
19 JH-03-H-5562 Petrol 2012 Working W.C.T. With Field
20 JH-03-H-5563 Petrol 2012 Working W.C.T. Staff for
21 JH-03-H-5564 Petrol 2012 Working W.C.T. Monitoring,
Protection &
22 JH-03-H-5565 Petrol 2012 Working W.C.T. management
23 JH-03-H-5566 Motor Cycle Petrol 2012 Working W.C.T.
24 JH-03-H-5567 Petrol 2012 Working W.C.T. With Field
25 JH-03-H-5568 Petrol 2012 Working W.C.T. Staff for
Monitoring,
26 JH-03-H-5569 Petrol 2012 Working W.C.T. Protection &
28 JH-03-H-5581 Petrol 2012 Working W.C.T.
BUFFER AREA PROJECT TIGER, DALTONGANJ.
In Baresanr Range for

1 BR-15P-0456 Jeep Diesel 1998 Working Central
Patrolling purpose
2 BR-15P-416 Jeep Diesel 1999 Working WWF
In Garu Range for pa-
407 Model trolling purpose.
3 BRO-6694 Diesel 1987 Working Central
Truck
4 JH-03A-6464 Petrol 2005 Working Central
6 JH-03A-4402 Petrol 2005 Working Central With Field Staff for
Motor Cycle
7 JH-03A-4403 Petrol 2005 Working Central Monitoring, Protection &
8 JH-03A-4696 Petrol 2005 Working Central management
10 New purchage Bullet Petrol 2003 Working Central
In Betla Range for fire
11 JH-03A-8529 Fire tender Diesel 2003 Working Central
fighting
12 JH-03D-6870 Bolero D.I. Diesel 2009 Working Central With C.F.
Bolero Garu West Range for
18 JH-03-H-5244 Diesel 2012 Working W.C.T.
Camper Patrolling
34 | Annexure
20 JH-03-H-5572 Motor Cycle Petrol 2012 Working W.C.T.
23 JH-03-H-5575 Petrol 2012 Working W.C.T. With Field Staff for
Monitoring, Protection &
35 | Annexure
Annexure- X
LIST OF ROADS IN CORE AREA (CTH)

Sl. Name of Length of Road
Name of Forest Road
No. Compartment (in km)
1 3 4
GARU (EAST) RANGE
1 Garu Kumandih Forest Road 10.00
2 Daldaliya-Bukhikona Forest Road 13.00
3 Jayagir-Bukhikona Foreast Road 13.00
Total 36.00
GARU (WEST) RANGE
4 Lalmatiya - Thonga Chua Road 5.00
5 Puranapani - Lalmatiya Road 18.00
6 Ramandag-Jhunki Larha Road 8.00
7 Garu Dohar Forest Road 4.00
8 Huluk Tower Dataram Road 4.00
9 Mundu Tower Road 3.00
10 Garu Dohar- Bachhi Garha Road 6.00
11 Bangla - Horpo Road 5.00
12 Maromar - Henar Road 10.50
13 Bhavarbandha-Huluk Road 13.00
14 Maromar-Harra-Kohbarwa Forest Road 26.50
15 Serendag Road (Part) 5.00
16 Bair Depot Teno Forest Road 3.00
17 Latu - Serendag Road 5.00
Total 116.00
BARESANR RANGE
18 Halhad Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 1 7.00
19 Granj Road (P) Baresanr Comp.- 1 3.00
20 Ambakhari Road Baresanr Comp.- 1 3.00
21 Baresanr -Lat-Kujurum Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 2 6.50
22 Kujurum-Bagechampa Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 2 6.00
23 Satsoi Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 2 4.00
24 Ghathi Khan Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 2 2.50
25 Latu Senya Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 3 5.00
26 Latu Nawatoli Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 3 5.00
27 Latu Tower Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 3 1.00
28 Latu-Lat Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 3 4.00
29 Buthhut - Nawatoli Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 4 5.00
30 Buthut - Latu Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 4 4.00
31 Latu-Nawatoli Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 4 7.00
32 Nawatoli - Latu Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 5 5.00
36 | Annexure
33 Nawatoli - Buthut Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 6 5.00
34 Nawatoli - Rajdhaha Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 6 9.00
35 Nawatoli - Tisia Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 6 8.00
36 Baresanr - Lat Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 7 1.50
37 Kujurum -Pandarapani Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 7 7.00
38 Kujurum - Buthut Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 7 5.00
39 Pandarapani - Rajdhaha Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 7 6.00
40 Kujurum Tower Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 7 1.00
41 Gathi Khan Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 7 2.50
43 Tinphutiya - Pandarapani Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 8 3.00
44 Bala Pani - Pandrapani Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 8 5.00
46 Tinphutiya - Teno Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 9 4.00
47 Teno - Ambakhari Forest Road Baresanr Comp.- 9 4.50
Total 137.50
CHHIPADOHAR (EAST) RANGE
48 Chhipadohar-Hehegara Road 10.00
49 Barwahi - Tehra Road 6.00
50 Barwahi-Grass Plot Raod 1.00
51 Tehra-Dhaydhong Road 1.00
52 Barwahi - Usul Road 4.00
53 Lat-Dhaydhong Road 5.00
54 Usul-Putka Pathal Road 6.00
55 Putka Pathal-Bagebandh Road 3.00
56 Harnamanr - Usul Road 6.00
57 Usul - Saidupe Road 6.00
58 Burhi-Baher Towers Road 1.00
59 S/C-1 Ring Road 13.00
60 New Road S/C - 1 3.50
61 Jewa Nadi Par Road Saidup Comp.- 1 8.00
Total 73.50
CHHIPADOHAR (WEST) RANGE
62 Lat - Tanwai Road 13.00
63 Lat - Mandal Road via Sidupe - 9 Saidup Comp.- 9 22.00
64 Saidupe - Morwai Chaingate Road 5.00
65 Saidpue-Harnamanr Chain Gate Raod 7.00
66 New Road 11.00
67 Ghat Road 10.00
68 Tower Road 2.00
Total 70.00
Grand Total 433.00
37 | Annexure
Annexure- XI
Construction of Causeway/ Culvert in Palamau Tiger Reserve
Sl.
Name of Road Name of Nala Name of Range Size
No
Gaitha - Ramandag -
1. Mahadev Duba Garu West 40’ x 12’
Harhe
2. Granz Road Jogimanda Garu West 40’ x 12’
3. Granz Road Granz Garu West 40’ x 12’
4. Garu-Dohar Bandh-Sutwanalla-I Garu West 40’ x 12’
5. Garu-Dohar Bandh-Sutwanalla-I Garu West 40’ x 12’
6. Garu-Dohar Munsidera Garu West 40’ x 12’
7. Garu-Dohar Darhimahi Garu West 40’ x 12’
8. Garu-Dohar Bacchigara Garu West 50’ x 12’
9. Purnapani-Chattanpani Pradhandera Garu West 70’ x 12’
10. Purnapani-Chattanpani Kathpulia Garu West 50’ x 12’
11. Purnapani-Chattanpani Jamunkhorka Garu West 50’ x 12’
12. Purnapani-Chattanpani Bhakoduman Garu West 50’ x 12’
13. Purnapani-Chattanpani Poropani Garu West 50’ x 12’
14. Ramandag-Khukilanda Ashani Nala-I Garu West 40’ x 12’
15. Ramandag-Khukilanda Ashani Nala-II Garu West 40’ x 12’
16. Ramandag-Khukilanda Harhi Nala Garu West 40’ x 12’
17. Bairdipo-Teno Goreya Semar Nala-V Garu West 40’ x 12’
18. Maromar-Henar Khunti-Pathal Garu West 40’ x 12’
19. Maromar-Henar Jamunia Garu West 40’ x 12’
20. Maromar-Henar Mayurbindhwa-I Garu West 50’ x 12’
21. Maromar-Henar Mayurbindhwa-II Garu West 40’ x 12’
22. Surkumi-Heswa Lukjharia Nala Garu West 70’ x 12’
23. Harra-Kohbarwa Gheranpipal Nala Garu West 40’ x 12’
24. Harra-Kohbarwa Bariamba Garu West 50’ x 12’
25. Harra-Kohbarwa Papatipani Garu West 70’ x 12’
26. Bhawarbandha-Huluk Kushaamba Garu West 50’ x 12’
27. Bhawarbandha-Huluk Jamti Nala Garu West 40’ x 12’
28. Bhawarbandha-Huluk Kumhi Nala Garu West 50’ x 12’
29. Bhawarbandha-Huluk Paichanpani Nala Garu West 70’ x 12’
30. Huluk-Datram Jami Pani Garu West 50’ x 12’
31. Huluk-Datram Tewar Nala Garu West 30’ x 12’
32. Huluk-Datram Chattan Pani Garu West 30’ x 12’
33. Daldalia-Bukokona Lohaichipwa Nala Garu East 110’ x 12’
34. Daldalia-Bukokona Brihia Tona Garu East 30’ x 12’
35. Daldalia-Bukokona Ambajharia Garu East 20’ x 12’
36. Daldalia-Bukokona Papra Nala-I Garu East 60’ x 12’
38 | Annexure
37. Daldalia-Bukokona Pipra Nala - II Garu East 60’ x 12’
38. Daldalia-Bukokona Brijia Tola Garu East 40’ x 12’
39. Daldalia-Bukokona Lohargara Nala Garu East 30’ x 12’
40. Daldalia-Bukokona Ambha Jharia - I Garu East 40’ x 12’
41. Daldalia-Bukokona Ambha Jharia-II Garu East 40’ x 12’
42. Daldalia-Bukokona Ambha Jharia-III Garu East 40’ x 12’
43. Daldalia-Bukokona Salai Depo - I Garu East 40’ x 12’
44. Daldalia-Bukokona Salai Depo - II Garu East 40’ x 12’
45. Daldalia-Bukokona Lohargara Nala -I Garu East 40’ x 12’
46. Daldalia-Bukokona Lohargara Nala-II Garu East 40’ x 12’
47. Daldalia-Bukokona Lohargara Nala-III Garu East 40’ x 12’
48. Daldalia-Bukokona Pipra Nala Garu East 40’ x 12’
49. Gaitha-Achar Achar Nala Garu East 170’ x 12’
50. Gaitha-Achar Murd Ghati Nala Garu East 80’ x 12’
51. Gaitha-Achar Jaigir Nala Garu East 40’ x 12’
52. Gaitha-Achar Jaigir Nala Garu East 40’ x 12’
53. Garu - Kumandih Kantho Kona Garu East 40’ x 12’
54. Baresanr-Lat Lohangara Baresanr 30’ x 12’
55. Baresanr-Lat Churailgara Baresanr 50’ x 12’
56. Tinfutia-Pandra Pani Monasili BC-8 Baresanr 140’ x 12’
57. Pandra Pani-Kujrum Mahuapani BC-7-I Baresanr 80’ x 12’
58 Pandra Pani-Kujrum Mahuapani BC-7-II Baresanr 30’ x 12’
59. Pandra Pani-Kujrum Mahuapani BC-7-III Baresanr 40’ x 12’
60. Pandra Pani-Kujrum Mahuapani BC-7-IV Baresanr 30’ x 12’
61. Pandra Pani-Kujrum Mahuapani BC-7-V Baresanr 50’ x 12’
Mahudhoda Nala
62. Tinfutia-Teno Baresanr 50’ x 12’
BC-9
63. Tinfutia-Teno Goria Semar Nala-I Baresanr 40’ x 12’
64. Tinfutia-Teno Goria Semar Nala-II Baresanr 40’ x 12’
65. Pandra Pani-Rajdaha Chattan Pani Baresanr 40’ x 12’
66. Tinfutia-Teno Baghotawar Nala Baresanr 40’ x 12’
67. Halhad Butha Nala Baresanr 50’ x 12’
68. Ambha Khari-Halhad Dumar Bandh Nala-I Baresanr 50’ x 12’
69. Ambha Khari-Halhad Dumar Bandh Nala-II Baresanr 40’ x 12’
70. Ambha Khari-Halhad Ambha Khari-I Baresanr 40’ x 12’
71. Ambha Khari-Halhad Ambha Khari -II Baresanr 40’ x 12’
72. Ambha Khari-Halhad Burha Amba Leta Baresanr 30’ x 12’
73. Kujrum-Buthat Kujrum Baresanr 40’ x 12’
74. Kujrum-Buthat Biyachiran Baresanr 50’ x 12’
75. Satsoi Van Path Hathikhar Nala Baresanr 80’ x 12’
76. Satsoi Van Path Bakhoria Nala Baresanr 30’ x 12’
77. Latoo-Nawatoli Chero Nala Baresanr 50’ x 12’
39 | Annexure
78. Latoo-Nawatoli Gulevasa Nala Baresanr 30’ x 12’
79. Baresanr-Adhey Mandar Kona Baresanr 80’ x 12’
80. Baresanr-Adhey Amba Bagicha Baresanr 30’ x 12’
81. Baresanr-Adhey Khikhri Kona Baresanr 40’ x 12’
82. Baresanr-Adhey Kuliwar Baresanr 80’ x 12’
83. Baresanr-Adhey Barnala Baresanr 40’ x 12’
84. Baresanr-Adhey Asan Pani Baresanr 40’ x 12’
85. Baresanr-Adhey Sirsi Pani Baresanr 30’ x 12’
86. Baresanr-Adhey Khoria Nala Baresanr 30’ x 12’
87. Baresanr-Adhey Chudelgara Baresanr 30’ x 12’
88. Teno-Ambakhari Bhitiyahi Nala Baresanr 40’ x 12’
89. Betla Road No.-1 Balahi Kusum Betla 40’ x 12’
90. Betla Road No.-1 Mitka Peeper Betla 30’ x 12’
91. Betla Road No.-4 Asnahi Betla 30’ x 12’
92. Betla Road No.-3 Near Bawaliya Betla 30’ x 12’
93. Betla Road No.-5 Near Rahim Joth Betla 30’ x 12’
94. Labhar-Amwatikar Tendhwa Nala Chhipadohar(E) 100’ x 12’
95. Labhar-Amwatikar Ranidhah Chhipadohar(E) 250’ x 12’
96. Amwatikar-Ganeshpur Ranidhah Chhipadohar(E) 150’ x 12’
97. Amwatikar-Kumandih Antikhetha Nala Chhipadohar(E) 50’ x 12’
98. Saidup Ghat Chero Khanr Nala Chhipadohar(W) 150’ x 12’
99. Saidup-Morwai Dumar Pani-I Chhipadohar(W) 50’ x 12’
100 Saidup-Morwai Dumar Pani-II Chhipadohar(W) 150’ x 12’
101 Saidup-Morwai Near Saidup Village Chhipadohar(W) 50’ x 12’
102 Morwai- New Road Tenwahi Nala-I Chhipadohar(W) 100’ x 12’
103 Morwai-New Road Tenwahi Nala-II Chhipadohar(W) 50’ x 12’
104 Barhaniya-Saidup Bhakshar Chhipadohar(W) 90’ x 12’
105 Barhaniya-Saidup Seerkhanr Nala Chhipadohar(W) 25’ x 12’
106 Barhaniya-Saidup Bheeter Chunha Chhipadohar(W) 12’ x 12’
107 Barhaniya-Saidup Chunbarban Nala Chhipadohar(W) 10’ x 12’
108 Barhaniya-Saidup Bhitiyahi Chhipadohar(W) 10’ x 12’
109 Barhaniya-Saidup Chudra Nala Chhipadohar(W) 70’ x 12’
110 Barhaniya-Saidup Parsakhanr Nala Chhipadohar(W) 10’ x 12’
40 | Annexure
Annexure- XII
Administrative Setup of Palamau Tiger Reserve
Division Name Range Name Beat Name S. No Sub- Beat Name

1 Mundu
2 Ramandag comp-3
3 Ramandag comp-4
Mundu 4 Ramandag comp-5
5 Ramandag comp-6
6 Ramandag comp-7
7 Serendag
1 Baresanr Comp-10
Garu West
2 Baresanr Comp-11
3 Baresanr Comp-14
4 Baresanr Comp-15
Maromar 5 Baresanr Comp-16
6 Baresanr Comp-17
7 Maromar
Buffer Area 8 Heswa
9 Bhawar Bandha
1 Goindi
2 Karwai
3 Garu (East)
Garu 4 Garu (West)
5 Haratu
6 Ramandag comp-1
Garu East 7 Ramandag comp-2
1 Baresanr Comp-19
2 Baresanr Comp-20
3 Baresanr Comp-21
Rud (South)
4 Baresanr Comp-22
5 Baresanr Comp-23
6 Baresanr Comp-24
41 | Annexure
1 Rud
2 Baresanr Comp-18
Rud (North) 3 Salway
4 Kotam
5 Baribandh
1 Kuku
Sarju 2 Piri
3 Roll
1 Mayapur
2 Chetma
Baresanr 3 Baresanr Comp-13
4 Tisia (North)
5 Tisia (South)
1 Baresanr Comp-1
2 Baresanr Comp-2
Kujrum (E) 3 Baresanr Comp-7
4 Baresanr Comp-8
Baresanr 5 Baresanr Comp-9
1 Baresanr Comp-3
2 Baresanr Comp-4
Kujrum (W)
3 Baresanr Comp-5
4 Baresanr Comp-6
1 Adhey
2 Baresanr Comp-12
Adhey 3 Dauna
4 Korgi
Durup
42 | Annexure
1 Kechki
2 Kutmu
Betla 3 Madhuchuan
4 Baheratanr
Betla
5 Kasba
1 Betla North
Quila 2 Rabdi
3 Gari
1 Chipadohar
2 Saidup comp-3
Chipadohar 3 Saidup comp-5
4 Lat (East)
5 Saidup comp-4
1 Chungru(North)
2 Chungru(South)
Core Area Kerh 3 Hehegarha
Chhipadohar East
4 Saidup comp-1
5 Saidup KRF
1 Amwatikar
2 Hatta
3 Kumandih Comp-1
Amwatikar
4 Kumandih Comp-2
5 Kumandih Comp-3
6 Kumandih Comp-4
1 Barwadih
2 Ukamar
3 Barichattan
Chhipadohar West Barwadih 4 Sindhorwa (N)
5 Morwai Kalan N-I
6 Morwai Kalan N-II
43 | Annexure
1 Saidupe Comp.-6
2 Saidup comp-7
Morwai 3 Morwai Khurd
4 Sindhorwa (S)
5 Morwai Kalan (S)
1 Mandal
2 Saidup comp-10
Chhipadohar West
Mandal 3 Tatha
4 Saidup comp-9
5 Morwai Kalan (S)
1 Lat (West) - I
2 Lat (West) - II
Lat
3 Tanwai
4 Karamdih
1 Kutku
2 Seneya
3 Chapia
4 Korwadih
Kutku
5 Tomera
6 Turer
7 Khaira
8 Chemo
Kutku
1 Totki
2 Madgari (East)
3 Madgari (Sadar)
4 Madgari (West)
Madgari
5 Sangali
6 Hesatu (North)
7 Hesatu (South)
8 Saruat
44 | Annexure
Annexure- XIII
>kj[k.M ljdkj
ou ,oa i;kZoj.k foHkkx
la0 & oU; izk.kh 06@2006& o0i0] jkWaph@ fnukad 2008
lsok esa]
egkys[kkdkj]
>kj[k.M] jkWaphA
fo"k;%& O;k?kz ;kstuk vapy iykew vUrxZr LVªkbZd QkslZ ds xBu gsrq vko';d inksa ds l`tu dh Lohd`frA
vkns'k%& Lohd`rA
egk'k;]
iykew O;k?kz ;kstuk {ks= esa ouksa ,oa oU; tUrqvksa dks lqj{kk iznku djus gsrq ekuuh; >kj[k.M mPp U;k;ky; esa
,d tufgr ;kfpdk MCY;w0ih0 (ih0vkbZ0,y0) la0& 1107@2007% uhys'k dqekj cuke la?k ljdkj ,oa vU;
nk;j dh x;h FkhA bl ;kfpdk dk fu"iknu djrs gq, ekuuh; >kj[k.M mPp U;k;ky; }kjk funsZ'k fn;k gS fd
LVªkbZd QkslZ dk xBu 'kh?kz fd;k tk;A
U;k;kns'k ds vuqikyu esa ljdkj }kjk iykew O;k?kz ;kstukUrxZr LVªkbZd QkslZ ds xBu gsrq Lohd`fr iznku dh
tkrh gSA
Øe in osrueku inksa dh la[;k vH;qfDr
lc&bUlisDVj 5500&175&9000 01 ljdkj }kjk
vflLVsaV lc&bUlisVj 4000&100&6000 02 vuqekU; osrueku
gsM dkmULVscy@goynkj 3200&85&4900 04 ns; gksxk A
fjVk;MZ vkehZ eSu 2750&70&3800&74&4400 24
dqd 2650&65&3300&70&4000 02
MªkbZoj 3050&75&3950&80&4590 02
2- mDr inksa ds l`tu ds QyLo:i buij gksus okyk O;; ctV'kh"kZ & 2406 okfudh ,oa oU; thou 02
i;kZojf.kd okfudh ,oa oU; thou dsUnzh; ;kstukUrxZr ;kstuk 796 tu tkrh; {ks=h; mi ;kstuk 0408 iykew
C;k?kz ;kstuk ds vUrxZr fodyuh; gksxkA
3- f'kdkfj;ksa ,oa vlkekftd rRoksa ls bl {ks= ds ouksa ,oa oU; izkf.k;ksa dh lqj{kk esa LVªkbZd QkslZ dh lsok
yh tk;sxhA
4- O;k?kz ;kstukUrxZr xfBr gksus okys LVªkbZd QkslZ dk dk;Z {ks= iwjk O;k?kz ;kstuk vapy] iykew gksxk
ftldk Bgjko csryk ,oa ckjslka< essa gksxkA
5- LVªkbZd QkslZ dk iz'kklfud fu;a=.k ou laj{kd&lg&{ks= funs'kd] O;k?kz ;kstuk vpay] MkyVuxat
ds v/khu gksxkA buds osrukfn gsrq fudklh ,oa O;;u inkf/kdkjh] ou laj{kd] dksj ,fj;k] O;k?kz ifj;kstuk]
MkyVuxat gksaxsA
6- LVªkbZd QkslZ ds LFkkiuk ls lacaf/kr 'kr&izfr'kr O;; Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ogu fd;k tk;sxk ,oa Hkqxrku
dh izfØ;k Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk O;k?kz ;kstuk iykew dks oRrZeku esa vU; ;kstukvksa ds rgr izkIr gks jgh jkf'k ds
O;; ds vuq:i gksxkA
45 | Annexure
7- LVªkbZd QkslZ dk xBu dkWUVªsDV ¼lafonk ds vk/kkj½ ij izFke pj.k esa ,d o"kZ dk gksxk rFkk larks"kizn
lsok jgus ij mudh lsok foLrkj dh tk ldsxhA LVªkbZd QkslZ ls lacaf/kr inksa dks lafonk ds vk/kkj ij Hkjus gsrq
ftyk lSfud dY;k.k inkf/kdkjh] jkaph ls HkwriwoZ lSfudksa dh lwph muls lacaf/kr fooj.kh izkIr dj blds vk/kkj
ij dh tk;sxhA
8- izLrkfor jkf'k dh foeqfDr 'kr&izfr'kr dsUnz izk;ksftr ;kstuk 0408 iykew O;k?kz ;kstuk ds vUrxZr
gksxhA
9- LVªkbZd QkslZ ds xBu ,oa lapkyu ls lacaf/kr dksbZ Hkh O;; jkT; ljdkj ls ogu ugha gksxkA
10- LVªkbZd QkslZ ds lnL;ksa ds osrukfn dh fudklh iykew dks"kkxkj] MkyVuxat ls dh tk;sxhA
11- LVªkbZd QkslZ ds xBu dh izfd;k esa jkT; ljdkj }kjk fu/kkZfjr vkj{k.k fu;eksa dk vuqikyu fd;k
tk;sxkA
>kj[k.M jkT;iky ds vkns'k ls

g0@&
(enu lsuxqIrk)
ljdkj ds mi lfpoA
Kkikad& oU; izk.kh 06@2006& fnukad 2008
izfrfyfi& foRr foHkkx] >kj[k.M] jkaph@x`g foHkkx] >kj[k.M] jkaph@ eaf=eaMy lfpoky; ,oa
leUo; foHkkx] >kj[k.M] jkaph@ dkfeZd] iz'kklfud lq/kkj ,oa jktHkk"kk foHkkx] >kj[k.M] jkaph@ fof/k ¼U;k;½
foHkkx] >kj[k.M] jkaph@ funs'kd ¼O;k?kz ;kstuk½] Hkkjr ljdkj] i;kZoj.k ,oa ou ea=ky;] ,usDlh&V] chdkusj
gkml] ubZ fnYyh dks lwpukFkZ ,oa vko';d dkjZokbZ gsrq izsf"krA
g0@&
ljdkj ds mi lfpoA
Kkikad& oU; izk.kh 06@2006& fnukad 2008
izfrfyfi& ekuuh; eq[;ea=h] >kj[k.M ds vkIr lfpo@ ekuuh; mi eq[;ea=h &lg& foHkkxh;
ea=h ds vkIr lfpo dks lwpukFkZ izsf"krA
g0@&
ljdkj ds mi lfpoA
Kkikad& oU; izk.kh 06@2006&595 fnukad 20@2@2008
izfrfyfi& iz/kku eq[; ou laj{kd] >kj[k.M] jkaph@ iz/kku eq[; ou laj{kd] tSo fofo/krk
laj{k.k&lg&eq[; oU;izk.kh izfrikyd] >kj[k.M] jkaph@ eq[; ou laj{kd] tSo fofo/krk laj{k.k] >kj[k.M]
jkaph@ {ks=h; funs'kd] O;k?kz ;kstuk vapy] iykew ¼MkyVuxat½ dks lwpukFkZ ,oa vko';d dkjZokbZ gsrq izsf"krA
g0@&
ljdkj ds mi lfpoA
Attested by :

46 | Annexure
Annexure- XIV
>kj[k.M ljdkj
vf/klwpuk
lafpdk la[;k%& WL- 1 of 2008-2009/ 274 @ o0 i;kZ0] jkWaph] fnukad%&20-01-2014

oU; tho (laj{k.k) vf/kfu;e] 1972 dh /kkjk 38x (la'kksf/kr 2006) ds rgr i;kZoj.k ,oa
ou ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj dh vf/klwpuk la[;k&,l0vks0 1008 fnukad&22-06-2007 }kjk funsZ'kksa
ds vuq:i >kj[k.M jkT; es iykew C;k?kz laj{k.k QkmUMs'ku dk xBu fd;k tkrk gSA bls ,d VªLV
ds :i esa fucaf/kr fd;k tk;sxkA
VªLV dk uke %
VªLV dk uke iykew C;k?kz laj{k.k Qkm.Ms'ku gksxkA blds vuUrj bls QkmUMs'ku ds uke
ls vafdr fd;k tk;sxkA
eq[; dk;kZy; dk LFkku%
Qkm.Ms'ku dk eq[; dk;kZy;@eq[;ky; MkyVuxat] ftyk&esfnuhuxj esa vofLFkr gksxkA
dk;Z{ks= %
Qkm.Ms'ku dk dk;Z{ks= (izpkyu {ks=) iykew C;k?kz vkj{k ,oa blds vkilikl dk Hkwifjn`';
tks C;k?kz vkj{k ds oU;thoksa ds b/kj&m/kj tkus dsfy, laHkkfor dksjhMksj ds lkFk izHkkoh tksu
¼{ks=½ cukuk gksxkA Qm.Ms'ku ds dk;Z {ks= esa egqvkMkaM+ HksfM+;k vkJ;.kh ,oa egqvkMkaM+ {ks= ds
fudVorhZ ou Hkh 'kkfey gksxsaA
Qkm.Ms'ku dk y{; ,oa mís'; %
1- Qkm.Ms'ku dk eq[; y{; vuqeksfnr C;k?kz laj{k.k ;kstuk ds vuqlkj cgq&LokfeRo/kkjdksa

dh Hkkxhnkjh ls ck?k vkSj tSo&fofo/krk ds laj{k.k dsfy, iykew C;k?kz vkj{k ds izca/ku dks
ljy cykyk ,oa lgk;rk iznku djuk rFkk jk"Vªh; vkSj jkT; fo/kkuksa ¼dkuwu½ ds vuq:i
vki&ikl ds Hkw&ifjn`';ksa esa leku iz;klksa esa lgk;rk djukA
2- mDr y{;ksa dh izkfIr dsfy, Qkm.Ms'ku ds dk;Z dks iykew C;k?kz vkj{k (dk;kZUo;u ,tsUlh)
vkSj blds deZpkjh (LVkQ) vkSj@vFkok izk;ksftr vFkok blds }kjk lefiZr vU; laLFkkuksa]
,stsafl;ksa vFkok O;fDr;ksa ds ek/;e ls fd;k tk;sxkA
mi;qZDr y{; dks izkIr djus ds fy, Qkm.Ms'ku ds fuEufyf[kr mís'; gksxsa
d- C;k?kz vkj{k vkSj vkilikl ds Hkw&ifjn`';ksa esa ikfjfLFkfrdh;] vkfFkZd] lekftd vkSj
lkaLd`frd fodkl dks lwfo/kk iznku djukA
47 | Annexure
[k- C;k?kz vkj{k vkSj blls lacaf/krLFkkuksa esa izkd`frd I;kZoj.k dh lqj{kk ds fy, lgk;rk iznku
djukA
x- mi;qZDr of.kZr mís';ksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, vko';d le>h tkus okyh ifjlEifÙk;ksa ds l`tu
vkSj@vFkok j[k&j[kko dks lgk;rk iznku djukA
?k- mi;qZDr of.kZr mís';ksa dks iwjk djus gsrq] dkuwu }kjk vuqefrizkIr Jksrksa ls Qkm.Ms'ku ds dk;ksZ
ds fy, visf{kr rduhdh] foÙkh;] lekftd vkSj vU; lgk;rk dk vuqjks/k djukA
M- dk;kZUo;u ,tsalh] iykew C;k?kz vkj{k dh lgk;rk ds fy, ikfji;ZVu] ikfjfodkl] vuqla/kku]
i;kZoj.kh; f'k{kk] izf'k{k.k] izca/ku ,oa ijke'khZ igyqvksa esa lgk;rk iznku djukA
p- mi;qZDr of.kZr mís';ksa dh lgk;rk ds fy;s ,slk dqN Hkh tks vkdfLed vFkok vkuq"kafxd gksxkA
MkyVuxat] ftyk esfnuhuxj esa fnukad------------- dks bl VªLV ds nLrkost esa 'kkfey fuEufyf[kr
va'knkrkvksa ds ek/; VªLV dh ?kks"k.kk dh tkrh gS%&
(i) ea=h] ou ,oa i;kZoj.k foHkkx] >kj[k.M ljdkjA
(ii) ljdkj ds iz/kku lfpo] ou ,oa i;kZoj.k foHkkx] >kj[k.M ljdkjA
(iii) iz/kku eq[; ou laj{kd] >kj[k.M] jkWaphA
(iv) iz/kku eq[; ou lja{kd] oU;izk.kh ,oa eq[; oU;izk.kh izfrikyd] >kj[k.M]
jkWaphA
(v) iz/kku eq[; ou laj{kd&lg&dk;Zdkjh funs'kd] catj Hkwfe fodkl cksMZ]
>kj[k.M] jkWaphA
(vi) vij iz/kku eq[; ou laj{kd] fodkl] >kj[k.M] jkWaphA
(vii) eq[; ou laj{kd] oU;izk.kh] >kj[k.M A
(viii) eq[; ou laj{kd ,oa {ks= funs'kd] iykew C;k?kz ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxjA
(ix) ou ize.My inkf/kdkjh] dksj ,fj;k] iykew C;k?kz ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxjA
(x) ou ize.My inkf/kdkjh] cQj ,fj;k] iykew C;k?kz ifj;kstuk] MkyVuxatA
blds vuUrj VªfLV;ksa ds uke ls tkustk;sxsa ,oa blesa muds mÙkjkf/kdkjh ,oa dk;kZyk; ds
v/khu U;klh blesa lfEefyr le>s tk;sxsa] tc rd fd mUgsa blds vU;Fkk oafpr u fd;k tk;s ;k
vlaxr~ u fd;k tk;sA
VªLV ds izFke cksMZ ds lnL;ksa dk uke fuEuor gS %&
(i) ea=h] ou ,oa i;kZoj.k foHkkx] >kj[k.M ljdkjA

(iii) iz/kku eq[; ou laj{kd] >kj[k.M] jkWaphA
(iv) iz/kku eq[; ou lja{kd] oU;izk.kh ,oa eq[; oU;izk.kh izfrikyd] >kj[k.M]
48 | Annexure
jkWaphA
(v) iz/kku eq[; ou laj{kd&lg&dk;Zdkjh funs'kd] catj Hkwfe fodkl cksMZ]
>kj[k.M] jkWaphA
(i) vij iz/kku eq[; ou laj{kd] fodkl] >kj[k.M] jkWaphA
(ii) eq[; ou laj{kd] oU;izk.kh] >kj[k.M A
(iii) eq[; ou laj{kd ,oa {ks= funs'kd] iykew C;k?kz ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxjA
(iv) ou ize.My inkf/kdkjh] dksj ,fj;k] iykew C;k?kz ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxjA
(v) ou ize.My inkf/kdkjh] cQj ,fj;k] iykew C;k?kz ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxjA
>kj[k.M jkT;iky ds vkns'k ls]
Sd/-
(lquhy dqekj)
ljdkj ds mi lfpoA
Kkikad%& WL- 1 of 2008-2009/ 274 @ o0 i;kZ0] jkWaph] fnukad%& 20-01-2014
izfrfyfi% v/kh{kd] jktdh; eqnzk.kky;] Mksj.Mk] jkWaph dks jkti= ds vlk/kkj.k vad
esa izdk'kukFkZ izsf"krA vuqjks/k gS fd 500 eqfnzr izfr;kWa bl foHkkx dks miyC/k djkus dh d`ik
djsaA

Sd/-
ljdkj ds mi lfpoA
izfrfyfi% lfpo] i;kZoj.k ,oa ou ea=ky;] i;kZoj.k Hkou] lh0th0vks0 dkEiysDl] yksnh
jksM] ubZ fnYyh&100003@lnL; lfpo] jk"Vªh; ck?k laj{k.k izkf/kdj.k] cSjd ua0&5] chdkusj
gkml] 'kkgtgkWa jksM] ubZ fnYyh& 110011 dks lwpukFkZ izsf"krA
Sd/-
ljdkj ds mi lfpoA
49 | Annexure
izfrfyfi% eq[;ea=h ds iz/kku lfpo] >kj[k.M] jkWaph@eaf=eaMy lfpoky; ,oa leUo; foHkkx]
>kj[k.M] jkWaph@lHkh ea=h ,oa ea=h ds vkIr lfpo@lnL; fo/kku lHkk efudk fo/kku lHkk {ks=@
eq[; lfpo ds lfpo] >kj[k.M ljdkj] jkWaph@ lHkh iz/kku lfpo@ lfpo@ lHkh foHkkxk/;{k@
v/;{k] yksd m|e C;wjks] >kj[k.M] jkWaph@ mik;qDr] esfnuhuxj] iykew@ v/;{k] ftyk ifj"kn~
ykrsgkj@ egkys[kkdkj] >kj[k.M] jkWaph dks lwpukFkZ izsf"krA
Sd/-
ljdkj ds mi lfpoA

izfrfyfi% lHkh iz/kku eq[; ou laj{kd] >kj[k.M] jkWaph@ lHkh vij iz/kku eq[; ou laj{kd]
>kj[k.M@ lHkh eq[; ou laj{kd] >kj[k.M@ lnL; lfpo >kj[k.M jkT; iznw"k.k fu;a=.k i"kZn]
jkWaph@ lHkh ou laj{kd@ lHkh ou izeaMy inkf/kdkjh] >kj[k.M dks lwpukFkZ ,oa vko';d dkjZokbZ
gsrq izsf"krA
Sd/-
ljdkj ds mi lfpoA
izfrfyfi% >kj[k.M jkT; ds lHkh dks"kkxkj inkf/kdkjh@ foHkkx ds lHkh inkf/kdkjhx.k dks
lwpukFkZ ,oa vko';d dkjokbZ gsrq izsf"krA
Sd/-
ljdkj ds mi lfpoA
Attested by :

50 | Annexure
>kj[k.M ljdkj
vf/klwpuk
lafpdk la[;k%& WL-1 of 2008-2009- 275 @o0 i;kZ0] jkWaph] fnukad%&20-01-2014
oU; izk.kh laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 1972 (;Fkk la'kksf/kr) 2006 dh /kkjk&38x ds }kjk iznÙk
'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, >kj[k.M jkT;iky iykew C;k?kz laj{k.k Qkm.Ms'ku fu;ekoyh& 2013
fuEu :is.k cukrs gS%&
(1) 'kh"kZd%& bl fu;ekoyh dks iykew C;k?kz laj{k.k Qkm.Ms'ku fu;ekoyh] 2013 dgk tk;sxkA
(2) dk;Z {ks= ,oa vuqiz;ksx%& ;s fu;ekoyh Qkm.Ms'ku ds ,oa mlds rjQ ls rFkk mlds }kjk
izk;ksftr lHkh bdkbZ;ksa ,oa xfrfof/k;ksa esa foLrkfjr le>kh tk,xhA
(3) vuqiz;ksx dh frfFk%& ;s fu;e ml frfFk ls izo`Ùk gksxsa] ftl frfFk ls >kj[k.M ljdkj iykew
C;k?kz laj{k.k Qkm.Ms'ku ds fu;eksa dks vuqeksfnr dj jkti= esaizdkf'kr djsxkA
(4) ifjHkk"kk,Wa %
bl fu;ekoyh esa tc rd fd bl lanHkZ esa vU;Fkk u gks]
d- oU;izk.kh vf/kfu;e dk vfHkizk; oU;tho ¼laj{k.k½ vf/kfu;e 1972 ¼le;≤ ij
vf/kfu;e esa vf/klwfpr la'kks/kuksa ds lkFk½A
[k- Qkm.Ms'ku dk vfHkizk; oU;izk.kh laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 1972 dh /kkjk 38x ds vUrxZr iykew
C;k?kz vkj{k ds fy, LFkkfir C;k?kz laj{k.k Qkm.Ms'kuA
x- 'kklh fudk; dk vfHkizk; blds VªLV ds foys[k }kjk xfBr Qkm.Ms'ku dk 'kklh fudk;A
?k- dk;Zdkjh lfefr dk vfHkizk; blds VªLV ds foys[k }kjk xfBr Qkm.Ms'ku dh dk;Zdkjh
lfefrA
M- dk;kZUo;u ,tsalh dk vfHkizk; jkT; ljdkj }kjk vf/klwfpr iykew C;k?kz vkj{kA
p- Qkm.Ms'ku ds fu;e dk vfHkizk; VªLV ds vuqeksfnr foys[k vkSj Qkm.Ms'ku dh fu;ekoyhA
N- eq[; dk;Zdkjh inkf/kdkjh dk vfHkizk; Qkm.Ms'ku dk eq[; dk;Zdkjh ;Fkk eq[; ou
laj{kd ,oa {ks= funs'kd] iykew C;k?kz ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxjA
t- LVkQ dk vfHkizk; mi;qDr izkf/kdj.k }kjk fu;qDr Qkm.Ms'ku dk dksbZ deZpkjh ftlesa
lykgdkj] lafonk ij fu;qDr O;olkf;d] izfrfu;qDr ij deZpkjh ,oa nSfud etnwj]
dkexkj lfEefyr jgsxsaA
>- jkT; ljdkj dk vfHkizk; >kj[k.M jkT; ljdkjA
´k- C;k?kz laj{k.k izkf/kdj.k dk vfHkizk; vf/kfu;e dh /kkj 38 ,y ds vurxZr xfBr jk"Vªh;
51 | Annexure
C;k?kz laj{k.k izkf/kdj.kA
(5) iykew C;k?kz laj{k.k Qkm.Ms'ku dk 'kklh fudk; %
d- C;k?kz laj{k.k Qkm.Ms'ku dks lexz uhfrxr funsZ'k ,oa ekxZn'kZu nsus ds fy, C;k?kz vkj{k
Qkm.Ms'ku dk ,d 'kklh fudk; gksxkA
[k- C;k?kz laj{k.k Qkm.Ms'ku ds 'kklh fudk; dh lajpuk ,oa Lo:i fuEukafdr :i ls gksxk%&
(i) ea=h] ou ,oa i;kZoj.k foHkkx] >kj[k.M ljdkjA v/;{k
mik/;{k
(iii) iz/kku eq[; ou laj{kd] >kj[k.M] jkWaphA lnL;
(iv) iz/kku eq[; ou lja{kd] oU;izk.kh ,oa eq[;
oU;izk.kh izfrikyd] >kj[k.M] jkWaphA lnL;&lfpo
(v) iz/kku eq[; ou laj{kd&lg&dk;Zdkjh funs'kd]
catj Hkwfe fodkl cksMZ] >kj[k.M] jkWaphA lnL;
(vi) vij iz/kku eq[; ou laj{kd] fodkl] >kj[k.M] jkWaphA lnL;
(vii) eq[; ou laj{kd] oU;izk.kh] >kj[k.M A lnL;
(viii) eq[; ou laj{kd ,oa {ks= funs'kd] iykew C;k?kz ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxj lnL;
(ix) ou ize.My inkf/kdkjh] dksj ,fj;k] iykew C;k?kz ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxj lnL;
(x) ou ize.My inkf/kdkjh] cQj ,fj;k] iykew C;k?kz ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxj lnL;
(xi) lnL;] fo/kku lHkk] efudk fo/kku lHkk {ks= lnL;
(xii) v/;{k] ftyk ifj"kn] ykrsgkj lnL;
(xiii) nks izfl¼ oSKkfud@oU;izk.kh fo'ks"kK lnL;
x- 'kklh fudk; esa lnL;] >kj[k.M fo/kku lHkk] efudk fo/kku lHkk {ks=] fo/kku lHkk lnL;
u jgus dh fLFkfr esas] vFkok v/;{k] ftyk ifj"kn] ykrsgkj bl in ij u jgus dh fLFkfr
esa] mlh frfFk ls tcls os lnL; fo/kku lHkk vFkok ftyk ifj"kn ugha jgsa] ls 'kklh fudk;
ds Hkh lnL; ugha jgsaxsA
?k- nks izfl¼ oSKkfud@oU;izk.kh fo'ks"kK dk euksu;u eq[; oU;izk.kh; izfrikyd dh vuq'kalk
ds vkyksd esa jkT; ljdkj djsxhA ukfer lnL; dk dk;Zdky mlds ukekadu dh frfFk ls
vf/kdre rhu o"kZ ds fy, gksxkA
M- 'kklh fudk; dh 'kfDr;kWa ,oa dÙkZO; fuEufyf[kr :i ls gksxsa %
(i) vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj esa Qkm.Ms'ku dh lexz uhfr cukukA
(ii) Qm.Ms'ku ds cSysal 'khV vkSj ys[kk ijhf{kr ys[kksa ij fopkj djuk vkSj vuqeksfnr
djukA
(iii) Qkm.Ms'ku ds okf"kZd izfrosnu ij fopkj djuk vkSj vuqeksfnr djukA
(iv) Qkm.Ms'ku dh dk;Z ;kstuk] fuf/k izokg] okf"kZd ctV dks vuqeksfnr djukA
(v) ljdkj ds vuqeksnu dh 'krZ ij VªLV ds foy[k esa vko';d le>s x;s la'kks/ku djukA
(vi) Qkm.Ms'ku ds mís';ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy, foHkUu foHkkxksa vkSj vU; laLFkkuksa rFkk xSj
ljdkjh laxBuksa ds chp leUo; LFkkfir djukA
52 | Annexure
(vii) Qkm.Ms'ku ds ekeyksa dks O;ofLFkr djus ds fy, VªLV ds foys[k ds mica/kksa ds vUrxZr
fu;e vkSj fofu;e rS;kj djukA
(viii) Qkm.Ms'ku ds dks"k dks c<+kus] fuos'k ,oa _.k ds laca/k esa lHkh uhfrxr fu.kZ; ysukA
(ix) Qkm.Ms'ku dh fdlh ifj;kstuk ,oa dk;Zdk fuyEcu] can djuk vFkok ml ij fdlh
vU; izfØ;k dk izHkko MkyukA
(ix) VªLV ds mís';ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy, vko';d le>s tkus okys ,sls vU; dk;ksZ dks
lEikfnr djuk] tks VªLV ds mís';ksa dks izkIr djus gsrq vko';d gksA
p- 'kklh fudk; dh cSBdsa fuEufyf[kr rjhds ls vk;ksftr dh tk;sxh%&
(i) 'kklh fudk; dh cSBd o"kZ esa de ls de ,d ckj vko'; vk;ksftr dh tk,xh] ;Fkk
laHko foÙkh; o"kZ ds izFke ekg esaA
(ii) 'kklh fudk; dh izR;sd cSBd 'kklh fudk; ds lnL; lfpo ds }kjk vius gLrk{kj
ls fyf[kr esa 15 fnuksa dh iwoZ lwpuk ls cqyk;h tk;sxh] ftlesa ml cSBd ds fy, fu/
kkZfjr dk;Zokgh dk lkjka'k Hkh vafdr gksxkA
(iii) lwpuk nsus esa vlko/kkuh ds dkj.k gqbZ pwd ;k fdlh lnL; ds }kjk lwpuk dks izkIr
u gksus dh fLFkfr esa cSBd dh dkjokbZ vekU; ugha gksxhA
(iv) ;fn 'kklh fudk; dh cSBd esa v/;{k mifLFkr ugha gS] rc mik/;{k cSBd dh
v/;{krk djsxsA
(v) 'kklhfudk; dh cSBd esa mifLFkr 'kklh fudk; ds de ls de ,d frgkbZ lnL;
'kklh fudk; dk dksje cuk;sxsa] ijUrq ;g fd LFkfxr cSBd ds fy, dksbZ dksje
vko';d ugh gksxkA
(vi) cSBd esa lHkh fooknksa ij er foHkktu }kjk fu.kZ; fd;k tk,xkA
(vii) ;fn dksbZ lnL; 'kklh fudk; dh cSBd esa Hkkx ysus esa vleFkZ gS] rks ;g dk;Z lwph
ij vius fopkj fyf[kr esa Hkst ldrk gS vkSj ,sls fopkj lacaf/k rekeys esa mudk
oksV ekus tk;sxsaA
(viii) 'kklh fudk; dh cSBd dh dkjZokbZ;ksa dks vfHkysf[kr fd;k tk;sxk vkSj ,slh dk;Zokgh
v/;{k ds vuqeksnuksijkar lfpo }kjk gLrk{kfjr gksus ds ckn cSBd esa laikfnr
dk;ZØe dh fu'p;kRed izek.k gksxsaA
(6) iykew C;k?kz laj{k.k Qkm.Ms'ku dh dk;Zdkjh lfefr %
d- C;k?kz laj{k.k Qkm.Ms'ku esa blds nSfud izca/ku dks ns[kus ds fy, dk;Zdkjh lfefr gksxhA
[k- dk;Zdkjh lfefr dh lajpuk ,oa Lo:i fuEufyf[kr :i ls gksxk %&
(i) eq[; ou laj{kd ,oa {ks= funs'kd] iykew C;k?kz v/;{k
ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxjA
(ii) ou ize.My inkf/kdkjh] dksj ,fj;k] iykew C;k?kz lnL; lfpo
ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxjA
(iii) ou ize.My inkf/kdkjh] cQj ,fj;k] iykew C;k?kz lnL;
ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxj
53 | Annexure
(iv) iykew C;k?kz vkj{k esa dk;Zjr ifjfodkl lfefr;ksa ds nks izfrfuf/k lnL;
(v) iykew C;k?kz vkj{k ds ÝVykbZu LVkQ ds nks lnL; lnL;
x- dk;Zdkjh lfefr esa iykew ck?k vkj{k esa dk;Zjr ifj&fodkl lfefr;ksa ds nks izfrfuf/fk;ksa
dks iz/kku eq[; ou laj{kd] oU;izk.kh ,oa eq[; oU;izk.kh izfrikyd] >kj[k.M dh vuq'kalk
ij 'kklh fudk; }kjk euksuhr fd;k tk;sxkA
?k- dk;Zdkjh lfefr esa iykew ck?k vkj{k ds ÝVykbZu LVkQ ds nks lnL;ksa dk euksu;u jkT;
ljdkj }kjk fd;k tk;sxkA
M- ukekafdr lnL; dk dk;Zdky mlds ukekadu dh frfFk ls nks o"kZ dh vof/k ds fy, gksxkA
p- dk;Zdkjh lfefr dk lnL; ml fLFkfr esa lnL; ugha jgsxk ;fn og ml dk;kZy; vFkok
in ij cuk ugha jgrk ftlds fy, og lfefr dk lnL; cuk FkkA
N- dk;Zdkjh lfefr dh 'kfDr;kWa ,oa dÙkZO; fuEufyf[kr :i ls gksxsa %&
(i) Qkm.Ms'ku ds fu;e ,oa fofu;eksa ds vuqlkj Qkm.Ms'ku ds dk;Z ,oa fuf/k dk
izca/ku rFkk fu;a=.k djuk A
(ii) Qkm.Ms'ku ds mís';ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy, rFkk blds lHkh dk;ksZ dks fu"ikfnr
djus ds fy, iz;kl djukA
(iii) Qkm.Ms'ku ds fu;eksa ,oa fofu;eksa ds vuqlkj fo"k; fo'ks"k ds fdlh O;fDr dks
fu;ksftr rFkk mldh fu;qfDr djus dh 'kfDr lfgr iz'kklfud ,oa foÙkh; 'kfDr;ksa
dk iz;ksx dk iz;ksx djukA
(iv) Qkm.Ms'ku ds mís';ksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, mlds fu;eksa rFkk fofu;eksa ds vuqlkj
lkoZtfud vFkok laxBuksa dk O;fDr;ksa ds lkFk ,djkjukek djukA
(v) Qkm.Ms'ku ds fy, vkilh lgefrdh fLFkfr ,oa 'krksZ ij jk"Vªh; ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj
ij fuf/k laxzg] o`fÙknku lgk;rk vuqnku] nku vFkok migkj dh izkfIr lqfuf'pr
djuk tks Qkm.Ms'ku ds fu;eksa ,oa fofu;eksa rFkk ljdkj ds fgrksa ds vlaxr ugha
gksxkA
(vi) Qkm.Ms'ku ds fu;eksa ,oa fofu;eksa ds vuqlkj jkT; ;k vU;= dgh vkSj ljdkj
vFkok lkoZtfud fudk;ksa vFkok futh laxBuksa ;k O;fDr;ksa ls fdlh py vFkok
vpy lEifÙk dh Qkm.Ms'ku ds uke ij [kjhn migkj ;k vU;Fkk izkIr djuk ;k
vf/kxzg.k djuk] vkSj
(vii) ,sls vU; dk;Z djuk tks 'kklh fudk; }jk bls lkSais tk;sA
7- dk;Zdkjh lfefr dh cSBd dh dk;Zokgh
d- dk;Zdkjh lfefr dh izR;sd cSBd dk;Zdkjh lfefr ds v/;{k }kjk lapfyr dh tk,xhA
v/;{k dh vuqifLFkfr esa dk;Zdkjh lfefr cSBd dh v/;{krk ds dk;Zdkjh lfefr ds lnL;
lfpo }kjk dh tk;sxhA
[k- dk;Zdkjh lfefr dh cSBd esa mifLFkr dqy lnL;ksa esa ls vk/ks dksje dk xBu djsxsa c'krsZ
LFkfxr cSBd ds fy, dksbZ dksje vko';d ugha gksxkA
x- dk;Zdkjh lfefr dh izR;sd cSBd v/;{k dh iwoZ lgefr ls vkgwr dh tk;sxhA bl gsrq
54 | Annexure
lnL; lfpo }jk v/;{k dh lgefr izkIr dj fyf[kr lwpuk ds }kjk dk;Zdkjh lfefr
ds izR;sd lnL; dks lkr fnu iwoZ uksfVl fn;k tk,xkA rFkkfi] ;fn fLFkfr dh ekax gks rks
v/;{k dHkh Hkh vkikrdkyhu cSBd cqyk ldrs gSA
?k- uksfVl nsus es vlko/kkuh ds dkj.k gqbZ Hkwy vFkok fdlh lnl; dks fdlh cSBd dk uksfVl
u izkIr gksuk cSBd dh dkjZokbZ;ks dks vekU; ugha djsxkA
M- dk;Zdkjh lfefr tc Hkh vko';d gks cSBd djsxh ijUrq izR;sd ekg esade ls de ,d cSBd
vko';d :i ls djsxhA
p- dk;Zdkjh lfefr cSBd esa lHkh fooknkLin ekeys lnL;ksa ds chp er }kjk r; fd, tk;sxsaA
N- dksbZ lnL; tks dk;Zdkjh lfefr dh cSBd esa mifLFkr gksus esa vleFkZ gks] dk;Zlwph ij vius
fopkj fyf[kr esa Hkst ldrk gS vkSj ,slh fopkj vfHkO;fDr dks lacaf/k rekeys ij mlds
oksV ds :i esa fy;k tk;sxkA
t- dk;Zdkjh lfefr blds }kjk xfBr mi lfefr dks fdlh ekeys esa lykg vFkok flQkkfj'k
ds fy, lanfHkZr Hkst ldrh gSA dk;Zdkjh lfefr dks mi&lfefr }kjk dh xbZ flQkfj'k
vFkok nh xbZ lykg dks jí djus dk vf/kdkj gksxk vkSj ,slk djs ij dkj.k Hkh fjdkMZ
fd;k tk;sxkA
>- dk;Zdkjh lfefr dh vke okf"kZd cSBd izfro"kZ cqykbZ tk,xh vkSj blesa fiNys o"kZ ds ys[kk]
ijhf{kr ys[ks rFkk pkyw o"kZ dk ctV izLrqr fd;k tk,xk] ml ij fopkj foe'kZ fd;k tk;sxk
rFkk mls vuqeksfnr fd;k tk;sxkA
´k- dk;Zdkjh lfefr dh cSBd dh dkjokbZ ds dk;Zo`r vHkysf[kr fd; tk;sxsa vkSj dk;Zo`r]
v/;{k ds vuqeksnu ds i'pkr lnL; lfpo ds }kjk tkjh fd;s tk;sxsaA cSBd ds gLrk{kfjr
dk;Zo`r cSBd dh dk;Zokgh ds fu'p;kRed izek.k gksxsaA
8- dk;Zdkjh lfefr dk dk;kZy; vkSj izkf/kdkj %&
d- eq[; ou laj{kd ,oa {ks= funs'kd] iykew C;k?kz ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxj Qkm.Ms'ku vkj{k
dk eq[; ou laj{kd ,oa {ks= funs'kd gksxk vkSj og dk;Zdkjh lfefr dh vksj ls Qkm.Ms'ku ds
lHkh iz'kklfud vkSj nSfud dk;ksZ dk fu"iknu djsxk rFkk og Qkm.Ms'ku ds lHkh vfHkys[kksa]
ifjlEifÙk;ksa vkSj vU; lkefxz;ksa dk laj{kd gksxkA dk;Zdkjh funs'kd dh lgk;rk ds fy, nks ou
ize.My inkf/dkjh gksxs]tks Øe'k% iz'kklh bdkbZ dksj {ks= ,oa cQj {ks= ds izHkkjh gksxsaA dk;Zdkjh
funs'kd bu nsuksa ou ize.My inkf/kdkjh ds }kjk Qkm.Ms'ku ds dk;ksZ dk lEiknu djk;sxsaA
[k- dk;Zdkjh funs'kd dks Qkm.Ms'ku ds fu;eksa ds vuqlkj fuEufyf[kr 'kfDr;kWa iznÙk gksxhA %
(i) Qkm.Ms'ku dh vksj ls fdlh O;fDr vFkok laLFkku ls udn vFkok fdlh :i esa
;ksxnku izkIr djukA
(ii) Qkm.Ms'ku ds mís';ksa dks izkIr djus ds mís';ksa ls fdlh py vFkok vpy lEifÙk;ksa
dks [kjhnuk] izkIr djuk vFkok iV~Vs ij ysukA
(iii) Qkm.Ms'ku ds lkekU; iz'kklu ij fu;a=.k vkSj vf/kdkj j[kukA
(iv) jk"Vªh;d`r cSad esa [kkrs [kqyokuk vkSj mudk lapkyu djukA
(v) Qkm.Ms'ku ds fy, vkSj mldh vksj ls lHkh dkuwuh dk;ksZ dk vfHk;kstu djuk]
55 | Annexure
eqdnek pykuk] cpko djukA
x- dk;Zdkjh funs'kd dks lsfeuk] dk;Z'kkykvksa vkfn dks vk;ksftr djus rFkk Qkm.Ms'ku dh
vuqla/kku lkexzh rFkk iqLrdksa ds izdk'ku dk ns[kus dk vf/kdkj gksxkA
?k- dk;Zdkjh funs'kd Qkm.Ms'ku }kjk fd;s tk jgs fofHkUu dk;ZØeksa ij ifj;kstuk izLrko rS;kj
djus vkSj lgk;rk ds fy, fofHkUu ,tsafl;ksa dks izLrqr djus ds fy, mfpr dkjZokbZ izkjaHk
djsxkA
M- dk;Zdkjh funs'kd dks Qkm.Ms'ku ds mís';ksa dks vkxs c<+kus ds fy, jk"Vªh; vkSj
vUrjk"Vªh; ,tsafl;ksa ds lkFk fopkj&foe'kZ djus dk vf/kdkj gksxkA
9- lEifÙk] ifjlEifÙk vkSj nsunkfj;kWa %
d- QkmMs'ku dh vk; vkSj lEifr] tSls Hkh mikftZr gks] dk mi;ksx ek= Qkm.Ms'ku ds
mís';ksa] tks mij fu/kkZfjr fd;s x;s gS] dks izkIr djus gsrq fd;k tk;sxkA
[k- QkmMs'ku dh vk; vkSj lEifr dk dksbZ Hkh fgLlk izR;{k vFkok vizR;{k :i ls
ykHkka'k] cksul vFkok vU; fdlh :i ls ;k ykHk ds ek/;e ls mu O;fDR;ksa dks] tks
fdlh Hkh le; Qkm.Ms'ku ds lnL; jgs gS vFkok muds es dksbZ vFkok muds ek/;e
ls nkok djus okys O;fDr dks iznÙk vFkok vUrfjr ugha fd;k tk,xkA
x- c'krsZ fd blesa 'kkfey dqN Hkh fdlh lnL; ds ikfjJfed ds vFkok Qkm.Ms'ku dks
nh xbZ fdlh lsok ds cnys ess fdlh iz'kklfud O;; ds Hkqxrku dks u jksdsA
10- ljdkj dh 'kfDr;kWa %
ljdkj le;≤ ij Qkm.Ms'ku dh dk;Z iz.kkyh dh leh{kk dj ldsxh vkSj Qkm.Ms'ku
ds ekys ds laca/k esa vko';d le>s tk, ,sls funs'k tkjhdj ldsxhA
11- foÙkh; fofu;eu %
d- VªLV ds dks"k %
VªLV ds fu;e vkSj fofu;e ds vuq:i Qkm.Ms'ku ds dk;ksZ dks pykus ds fy, /ku jkf'k ds
fofHkUu eq[; Jksr fuEufyf[kr gksxsa %
i. jkT; ljdkj] dsUnzh; ljdkj ;k dsUnzh; ljdkj dk dksbZ laxBu] fdlh O;fDr] fons'kh
ljdkjksa rFk vU; ckg~; ,tsafl;ksa lfgr fdlh O;fDr vFkok laxBuksa ls izkIr lgk;rk
vuqnku] nku vkSj fdlh izdkj dh lgk;rk] tSlk fd dkuwu }kjk vuqer gksA
ii. C;k?kz vkj{k ifj;kstk ds dk;ksZ ds fy, jkT; ljdkj ,oa@vFkok dsUnz ljdkj }kjk lgk;rk
vuqnku ds :i esa izkIr jkf'kA
iii. i;ZVu izos'k 'kqYd yxkus ls rFkk C;k?kz vkj{k esa nh tkus okyh lsokvksa ds vU; 'kqYd ls
izkIr vk;A
iv. jk"Vª; vFkok vUrjk"Vªh; ,tsafl;ksa dh fof'k"V ifj;kstukvksa ds lanHkZ esa vU; Jksrksa ls
va'knku tSlk fd dkuwu esa vuqer gSA
v. VªLV ds fu;eksa ds vuq:i vU; dk;Z tks dkuwu }kjk vuqer gksA
[k- foÙkh; 'kfDr;kWa % rduhfd ,oa iz'kklfudLohd`fr iznku djus dh foÙkh; 'kfDr;kWa fuEuor~
gksxh &
56 | Annexure
i. rduhdh Lohd`fr nsus dh 'kfDr;k¡
Ø0 Lohd`fr iznku djus okyk rduhfd Lohd`fr iznku djus dh vf/klhek
la0 izkf/kdj.k
o`{kkjksi.k dk;Z vU; okfudh uofuekZ.k lkekU; ,oa fo'ks"k
dk;Z izR;sd dk;Z ejEefr izR;sd
ds fy, dk;Z ds fy,
Qkm.Ms'ku dk 'kklh fudk; & & & &
Qkm.Ms'ku dh dk;Zdkjh & & & &
lfefr
eq[; ou laj{kd ,oa {ks= :0& 250-00 :0& 250- :0& 5-00 :0& 00-75 yk[k
funs'kd] iykew C;k?kz yk[k rd 00 yk[k yk[k rd rd
ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxj rd
ou ize.My inkf/kdkjh dksj :0& 25-00 :0& 10-00 :0& 1-00 :0& 00-30 yk[k
,fj;k] C;k?kz ifj;kstuk] yk[k rd yk[k rd yk[k rd rd
esfnuhuxj@ ou ize.My
inkf/kdkj] cQj ,fj;k]
C;k?kz ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxj
v- :0 250-00 yk[k ls vf/kd ds o`{kkjksi.k dk;Z ,oa :0 25-00 yk[k ls vf/kd ds
vU; okfudh dk;ksZ ij rduhfd Lohd`fr iz/kku eq[; ou laj{kd oU;izk.kh ,oa eq[;
oU;izk.kh izfrikyd] >kj[k.M] ls izkIr dh tk;sxhA
c- uofuekZ.k dk;Z vUrxZr :0 10-00 yk[k rd ds izR;sd dk;Z ds fy, ,oa lkekU; ,oa
fo'ks"k ejEefr vUrxZr :0 1-00 yk[k rd ds izR;sd dk;Z ds fy, rduhfd Lohd`fr
iz/kku eq[; ou laj{d] oU;izk.kh ,oa eq[; oU;izk.kh izfrikyd] >kj[k.M ls izkIr
dh tk;sxhA mDr of.kZr jkf'k ls vf/kd ds uofuekZ.k dk;Z vFkok lekU; ,oa fo'ks"k
ejEefr dk;Z ds fy;s rduhfd Lohd`fr le{ke rduhfd (vfHk;a=.k) Lrj ls izkIr
dh tk;sxhA
ii. rduhfd Lohd`fr nsus dh 'kfDr;kWa
Ø0 Lohd`fr iznku djus okyk rduhfd Lohd`fr iznku djus dh vf/klhek
la0 izkf/kdj.k
o`{kkjksi.k dk;Z vU; okfudh uofuekZ.k lkekU; ,oa fo'ks"k
dk;Z izR;sd dk;Z ejEefr izR;sd
ds fy, dk;Z ds fy,
1. Qkm.Ms'ku dk 'kklh fudk; iw.kZ 'kfDr iw.kZ 'kfDr iw.kZ 'kfDr iw.kZ 'kfDr
57 | Annexure
Qkm.Ms'ku dh dk;Zdkjh :0& 250-00 :0& 25-00 :0&5-00 :0&00-75 yk[k
2.
lfefr yk[k rd yk[k rd yk[k rd rd
eq[; ou laj{kd ,oa {ks= :0& 25-00 :0&10-00 :0&1-00 :0&00-30 yk[k
3. funs'kd] iykew C;k?kz yk[k rd yk[k rd yk[k rd rd
ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxj
ou ize.My inkf/kdkj] dksj :0& 25-00 :0& 10-00 :0& 1-00 :0& 00-30 yk[k
,fj;k] C;k?kz ifj;kstuk] yk[k rd yk[k rd yk[k rd rd
4. esfnuhuxj@ ou ize.My
inkf/kdkj] cQj ,fj;k]
C;k?kz ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxj
iii. lHkh Ø; >kj[k.M ljdkj }kjk le;≤ ij fuxZr ifji=ksa ds vuqlkj fd; tk;sxsaA
x- jkf'k dk ogu
i. eq[; ou laj{d ,oa {ks= funs'kd]iykew C;k?kz ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxj }kjk iykew C;k?kz
laj{k.k Qkm.Ms'ku ds uke ls fdlh jk"Vªh;d`r cSad esa ,d [kkrk [kksyk tk;sxkA bl [kkrs
dk lapkyu eq[; ou laj{d ,oa {ks= funs'kd] iykew C;k?kz ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxj ds }kjk
fd;k tk;sxkA
ii. ou ize.My inkf/kdkjh] dksj ,fj;k] iykew C;k?kz ifj;kstuk }kjk iykew C;k?kz laj{k.k
Qkm.Ms'ku] dksj ,fj;k ds uke ls ,oa ou ize.My inf/kdkjh] cQj ,fj;k] iykew C;k?kz
ifj;kstuk }kjk iykew C;k?kz laj{k.k Qkm.Ms'ku] cQj ,fj;k ds uke ls jk"Vªh;d`r cSad esa
,d&,d [kkrk Qkm.Ms'ku ds dk;Z gsrq [kksyk tk;sxkA iykew C;k?kz laj{k.k Qkm.Ms'ku] dksj
,fj;k ds [kkrs dk lapkyu ou ize.My inkf/kdkjh] dksj ,fj;k] iykew C;k?kz ifj;kstuk
}kjk ,oa iyew C;k?kz lja{k.k Qkm.Ms'ku cQj ,fj;k ds [kkrs dk lapkyu ou ize.My
inkf/kdkjh cQj ,fj;k iykew C;k?kz ifj;kstuk }kjk fd;k tk;sxkA
iii. iykew C;k?kz laj{k.k Qkm.Ms'ku ds [kkrs iykew C;k?kz laj{k.k Qkm.Ms'ku dksj ,fj;k ds [kkrs
,oa iykew C;k?kz laj{k.k Qkm.Ms'ku cQj ,fj;k ds [kkrs ds fy, bu [kkrks ds lapkydkas
}kjk vyx ls dS'k cqd la/kkfjr dh tk;sxhA
iv. iykew C;k?kz laj{k.k Qkm.Ms'ku dks izIr gksus oky lHkh jkf'k ¼jktLo lfgr½ iykew C;k?kz
laj{k.k Qkm.Ms'ku ds [kkrs esa tek dh tk;sxh rFkok blesaizkIr dh tk;sxhA
v. eq[; ou laj{kd ,oa {ks= funs'kd] iykew C;k?kz ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxj }kjk Lo;a vius ,oa
vius dk;kZy; ds deZpkfj;ksa ds osru vkfn ds Hkqxrku ,oa 'kklh fudk; }kjk vuqeksfnr
dk;ksZ ds fy, iykew C;k?kz laj{k.k Qkm.Ms'ku ds [kkrs ls jkf'k dh fudklh dh tk;sxh ,oa
vnuqlkj mldk mi;ksx fd;k tk;sxkA
vi- ou ize.My inkf/kdkjh dksj ,fj;k] iykew C;k?kz ifj;kstuk ,oa ou ize.My inkf/kdkjh]
cQj ,fj;k] iykew C;k?kz ifj;kstuk }kjk lacaf/kr dk;kZy;ksa ds osru vkfn Hkqxrku ,oa 'kklh
fudk; }kjk vuqeksfnr dk;ksZ ds fy, vko';d jkf'k eq[; ou laj{kd ,oa {ks= funs'kd]
iykew C;k?kz ifj;kstuk] esfnuhuxj }kjk lacaf/kr ou ize.My inkf/kdkfj;ksa ds Qkm.Ms'ku
58 | Annexure
gsrq la/kkfjr cSad [kkrksa esa LFkkukUrfjr dh tk;sxhA
?k- ys[ks ,oa ys[kk ijh{k %
i. Qkm.Ms'ku mfpr ys[ks dk j[k&j[kko djsxk ,oa izkIfrvkSj Hkqxrku rFkk nsfunkfj;ksa ds
fooj.k vkfn dks 'kkfey djrs gq, okf"kZd ys[ks ml :i esa rS;kj djsxk tSlk fu/kkZfjr fd;k
tk;sA
ii. Qkm.Ms'ku ds ys[ks Hkkjr ds egkys[kk ijh{kd }kjk ukfedxr rFkk 'kklh fudk; }kjk
vuqeksfnr ;ksX; pkVZM ,dkmUVsaV }kjk izfro"kZ ys[kk ijhf{kr fd;s tk;sxsaA
iii. ys[kk ijhf{kr ys[ks 'kklh fudk; dh okf"kZd cSBd esa miLFkkfir fd;s tk;sxsa ,oa 'kklh fudk;
}kjk bu ij fopkj fd;k tk;sxk vkSj vuqeksfnr fd;k tk;sxkA
Qkm.Ms'ku ds ys[ks Hkkjr dsfu;a=d vkSj egkys[kk ijh{kd ds lkekU; mica/kksa ,oa funsZ'kksa
ds v/khu gksxsa A
(12) Qm.Ms'ku ds deZpkjh %
iykew C;k?kz ;kstuk ds fy, Lohd`r lHkh in ;Fkkor Qkm.Ms'ku esa Hkh dk;Zjr jgsxsaA bu
inksa ij inLFkkfir inkf/kdkjh ,oa deZpkjh jkT; ljdkj ls izfrfu;qfDr ij ekus tk;sxsa
ijUrq mUgsa dksbZ izfrfu;qfDr HkÙkk ns; ugh gksxkA Qkm.Ms'ku esa dk;Zjr lHkh inf/kdkjh@
deZpkjh >kj[k.M jkT; ds vU; inkf/kdkjh@deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, cuk;s x;s fu;eksa ds v/khu
gksxsaA izfrfu;qfDr ij dk;Zjr lHkh inkf/kdjh ,oa deZpkfj;ksa dsfuth nkoksa dk Hkqxrku jkT;
ljdkj }kjk Qkm.Ms'ku dks nh xbZ lgk;rk vuqnku ls fd;k tk;sxkA Qkm.Ms'ku esa fdlh
u;s in ds l`tu gsrq jkT; ljdkj dh iwokZuqefr izkIr dj yh tk;sxhA
(13) Qkm.Ms'ku dk fo?kVu
Qkm.Ms'ku vVy gS] rFkkfi fdlh ,slh ifjfLFkfr esa ftlls Qkm.Ms'ku dks lekIr djus
vFkok foy;u djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k tkrk gS rks blds lHkh +_.kksa vkSj nsu ikfjnkfj;ksa ds
iwjk gks tkus ds ckn dksbZ Hkh ifjlEifÙk vkSj lEifÙk vkSj blh rjg dk dqN Hkh Qkm.Ms'ku
ds lnL;ksa ds chp Hkqxrku ;k forfjrugha f;dk tk,xk ysfdu ml rjhds ls fuiVkjk fd;k
tk,xk tSlk fd jkT; ljdkj }kjk bl laca/k esa fu.kZ; fy;k tk,A
(14) fofo/k %
d- tc Hkh ea=ky;ksa] foHkkxsa vFkok mYysf[kr laLFkku vkSj inuke dh ukekoyh esa dksbZ Hkh
ifjorZu gksrk gSs ,sls ifjorZu Lor% gh Qkm.Ms'ku ds fu;eksa esa 'kkfey gks tk;sxkA
[k- Qkm.Ms'ku ds fdlh Hkh deZpkjh }kjk Qkm.Ms'ku vFkok bldh laifÙk dks dksbZ gkfu vFkok
{kfr vFkok Qkm.Ms'ku ds fgrksa ds fy, dqN gkfudkjd djus ij Qkm.Ms'ku eqdnek pyk
ldrh gS vFkok vfHk;ksftr dj ldrh gSA
>kj[k.M jkT;iky ds vkns'k ls]
Sd/-
(lquhy dqekj)
ljdkj ds mi lfpoA
59 | Annexure
Kkikad%& WL-1 / 2008-2009- 275 @o0 i;kZ0] jkWaph] fnukad&20-01-2014
izfrfyfi% v/kh{kd] jktdh; eqnzk.kky;] Mksj.Mk] jkWaph dks jkti= ds vlk/kkj.k vad esa
izdk'kukFkZ izsf"krA vuqjks/k gS fd 500 eqfnzr izfr;kWa bl foHkkx dks miyC/k djkus dh
d`ik djsaA
Sd/-
ljdkj ds mi lfpoA
izfrfyfi% lfpo] i;kZoj.k ,oa ou ea=ky;] i;kZoj.k Hkou] lh0th0vks0 dkEiysDl] yksnh
jksM] ubZ fnYyh&100003@lnL; lfpo] jk"Vªh; ck?k laj{k.k izkf/kdj.k] cSjd ua0&5]
chdkusj gkml] 'kkgtgkWa jksM] ubZ fnYyh& 110011 dks lwpukFkZ izsf"krA
Sd/-
ljdkj ds mi lfpoA
izfrfyfi% eq[;ea=h ds iz/kku lfpo] >kj[k.M] jkWaph@eaf=eaMy lfpoky; ,oa leUo; foHkkx]
>kj[k.M] jkWaph@lHkh ea=h ,oa ea=h ds vkIr lfpo@lnL; fo/kku lHkk efudk fo/kku
lHkk {ks=@eq[; lfpo ds lfpo] >kj[k.M ljdkj] jkWaph@lHkh iz/kku lfpo@lfpo@
lHkh foHkkxk/;{k@v/;{k] yksd m|e C;wjks] >kj[k.M] jkWaph@mik;qDr] esfnuhuxj]
iykew@v/;{k] ftyk ifj"kn~ ykrsgkj@egkys[kkdkj] >kj[k.M] jkWaph dks lwpukFkZ
izsf"krA
Sd/-
ljdkj ds mi lfpoA
izfrfyfi% lHkh iz/kku eq[; ou laj{kd] >kj[k.M] jkWaph@ lHkh vij iz/kku eq[; ou laj{kd]
>kj[k.M@lHkh eq[; ou laj{kd] >kj[k.M@lnL; lfpo >kj[k.M jkT; iznw"k.k
fu;a=.k i"kZn] jkWaph@lHkh ou laj{kd@lHkh ou izeaMy inkf/kdkjh] >kj[k.M dks
lwpukFkZ ,oa vko';d dkjZokbZ gsrq izsf"krA
Sd/-
ljdkj ds mi lfpoA
izfrfyfi% >kj[k.M jkT; ds lHkh dks"kkxkj inkf/kdkjh@foHkkx ds lHkh inkf/kdkjhx.k dks
lwpukFkZ ,oa vko';d dkjokbZ gsrq izsf"krA
Sd/-
ljdkj ds mi lfpoA
Attested by :

60 | Annexure
Annexure- XV
Activity Budget
Following activities are proposed for F.Y. 2013-14 to 2022-23.
(Core/ Critical Tiger Habitat), Area- 414.08 Sq. K.M.
Sl.
Activities Proposed
No
Anti-Poaching
1 a. Deployment of anti-poaching squads (Strike Force) of paramilitary force have guards.
b. Organising vehicular patrolling by constituting squads (Tiger Protection Force).
c. Establishment and maintenance of existing patrolling camps with the provision of track-
ers and native work force
d. Establishment and maintenance of wireless network along with Closed User Group
Mobile phones.
e. Organising surprise raids jointly with the local police at railway stations, local trains and
other places.
f. Deployment of local work force for surveillance of water holes, manning barriers.
g. Reward to informers.
h. Legal support for court cases.
i. Procurement of field gear for anti-poaching forces.
j. Special patrolling in sensitive areas during monsoon, festivals and other occasions.
2 Strengthening infrastructure within Core Area
a. Staff quarter construction
b. Staff quarter maintenance (Residential).
c. Office improvement with uninterrupted power supply through generator.
d. Maintenance of road network.
e. Maintenance of fire watch towers.
f. Maintenance, creation of fire lines/ firebreaks, fire tracing, fire fighting squads.
g. Maintenance of earthen ponds/ dams cleaning
h. Construction & maintenance of boundary pillars
i. Maintenance of vehicles (Jeeps, Trucks, Tractor, Motor Cycles)
j. Fire protection work through EDCs
k. Procurement of hardware, software/ GIS through outsourcing & map digitization facility
for management & planning.
l. Procurement of satellite imageries
m. Construction of causeway/culverts.
n. Special repair of roads for better communication/mobilisation
o. Preparation & publication of final Tiger Conservation Plan
q. Replacement of old vehicles for patrolling
3 Habitat improvement and water development
a. Weed eradication.(Lantana uprooting)
b. Grassland maintenance.
c. Water retention structures.
61 | Annexure
d. Water holes maintenance
e. Cutting of view strips
f. Creation of New Water holes
g. Creation of New Grassland
h. Provision of salt lick
i. Veterinary care, vaccination, treatment etc.
4 Addressing man-animal conflicts
a. Payment of compensation for cattle lifting death of human beings and crop depredation.
b. Procurement/deployment of traps, cages to catch problematic animals.
c. Procurement of tranquilizing equipments and drugs.
d. Anti-depredation measures for elephant damage
5 Relocation of forest villages
6 Research and field equipments
a. Day to day field monitoring of wild animals and data compilation and management.
b. GPS, camera traps, night vision devices, range finders etc.
c. Research work and monitoring of Wildlife.
7 Staff development and capacity building
a. Capacity building/training of staff in GIS, anti poaching operations, jurisprudence, wild-
life forensics, park interpretation and management planning.
b. Study tours for appraisal of good practices in other reserves.
c. Project allowance to all categories of staff
8 Providing safeguards/ retrofitting measures at vulnerable points.
9 Carrying out independent monitoring and evaluation
10 Staff welfare inputs like supply of kerosene, medicine field kit, mosquito net, torch etc.
11 Eco - development/ Medical Camps
62 | Annexure
Annexure- XVI
GOVERNMENT OF JHARKHAND
DEPARTMENT OF FOREST & ENVIRONMENT
NOTIFICATION
Ranchi, Dated- 14.7.2012
Memo No. Wild life-05/2012-2911 In view of the approval conveyed by the National Tiger
Conservation Authority (a statutory body constituted under Ministry of Environment & Forests,
Government of India) the Governor of Jharkhand State is pleased to constitute and declare the
areas described in the schedule below as Buffer or Peripheral area around Core of Critical Ti-
ger Habitat under Palamau Tiger Reserve under the provisions of section 38(v) (1) of Wildlife
(Protection) Act, 1972 (amended 2006) The Core or Critical Tiger Habitat under Palamau Tiger
Reserve has been notified vide Government of Jharkhand Department of Forest and Environ-
ment Notification no. wildlife-23/07-6589 dated 31.12.2007.
SCHEDULE
LOCATION & AREA

District (civil) - Latehar, Garhwa
Sub-division (civil) - Latehar, Garhwa
Block - Barwadih, Garu, Mahuadanr, Manika & Ranka
Districts Forest Area (in km2) Total Forest Area (in km2)
1 2 3
Latehar & Garhwa 715.85 715.85
Total- 715.85 715.85
DETAILS OF THE AREA
EXTENT & LOCATION OF THE AREA INVOVED
Latitude - 23o25’ to 23o55’ (North)

Longitude - 83o50’ to 84o25’ (East)
Total Forest Area - 715.85 km2
Buffer Area - 715.85 km2
63 | Annexure
BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION
1. Buffer Area - The Buffer Area of Palamau Tiger Reserve falls under Garu, Barwadih,
Manika & Mahuadanr blocks of Latehar District & Ranka of Garhwa District. Buffer
Area is constituted of part of Palamau Wildlife Sanctuary, Betla National Park & Palam-
au Tiger Reserve. There are 141 no. of reserve & protected forests in Buffer Area. The
boundary of Buffer area is surrounded by Chhatishgarh State and Garhwa District from
west Mahuadanr block in south, forests of Garu and Barwadih block in East and the
northern side is surrounded by protected forest and Reserve forests of Barwadih block.
The details of forest area are given in Annexure-1
Sd/-
(Alka Tiwari)
Secretary of Government
Memo no - Wild life-05/2012 2911 Date- 14.7.2012
Copy forwarded to superintendent, government press, Doranda, Ranchi to publish it

in extra ordinary gazette. It is requested to provide 500 copies of published notification to the
department.
Sd/-
(Alka Tiwari)
Memo no - Wild life-05/2012 2911 Date- 14.7.2012
Copy forwarded to Secretary, Ministry of Environment & Forest, Govt. of India, Pa-
ryavaran Bhawan CGO complex, Lodi Road, New Delhi/Director General (Forest) Ministry
of Environment & Forest, Paryavaran Bhawan, CGO complex, New Delhi for information and
necessary action.
Sd/-
(Alka Tiwari)
Memo no – Wild life-05/2012 2911 Date- 14.7.2012
Copy forwarded to PCCF, Jharkhand, Ranchi/ PCCF– cum- E.D. Wasteland Development
Board, Jharkhand, Ranchi/ PCCF Biodiversity Conservation cum chief Wildlife warden,
Jharkhand, Ranchi/ All RCCF/ CF- cum- Field Director, Project Tiger, Palamau/ CF- Core
Area, Project Tiger Palamau/ CF Buffer area, project Tiger, palamau for information& neces-
sary action.
Sd/-
(Alka Tiwari)
Attested by :

64 | Annexure
Annexure- XVII
Details of Forests constituting the Buffer or Peripheral Area around Core (CTH) of
Palamau Tiger Reserve notified vide Govt. of Jharkhand, Department of Forest and
Environment memo no. Wildlife-05/2012-2911 dt. 14.07.2012
Sl. Total area

Name of Forests Thana Thana No. Legal Status
No. (in Hac.)
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 Betla Com.-1 Barwadih - R.F. 1386.87
2 Betla Com.-2 do - R.F. 1152.53
3 Kechki do 1 R.F. 57.67
4 Baredohar do 54 R.F. 312.01
5 Jargarh do 52 R.F. 183.62
6 Jaruhar do 57 R.F. 50.58
7 Saidup do 53 R.F. 733.31
8 Chhipadohar do 58 R.F. 246.86
9 Ukamar do 18 R.F. 303.91
10 Labhar do 71 R.F. 232.65
11 Mundu do 72 R.F. 164.70
12 Ladi do 73 R.F. 89.23
13 Baresanr do 62 R.F. 749.01
14 Mangra Garu 63 R.F. 247.86
15 Mayapur do 66 R.F. 74.82
16 Danrkocha do 65 R.F. 56.33
17 Paharkocha do 67 R.F. 788.49
18 Ramseli do 64 R.F. 189.53
19 Bhawarbandha do 58 R.F. 330.26
20 Garu do 56 R.F. 201.03
21 Samodhtola do 55 R.F. 13.93
22 Derhgaon do 61 R.F. 67.14
23 Dhangartola do 57 R.F. 44.80
24 Goindi do 43 R.F. 184.12
25 Darichapar do 30 R.F. 132.95
26 Salwe do 34 R.F. 122.41
27 Baigatoli do 33 R.F. 78.10
28 Siram do 31 R.F. 252.07
29 Rud do 22 R.F. 184.11
30 Champi do 21 R.F. 365.92
31 Tati do 23 R.F. 58.03
32 Kanti do 25 R.F. 117.51
33 Khamikhas do 43 R.F. 230.87
34 Serendag do 44 R.F. 324.15
65 | Annexure
35 Karamdih do 42 R.F. 166.31
36 Harhe do 49 R.F. 123.33
37 Barkheta do 50 R.F. 89.46
38 Tongari do 51 R.F. 72.84
39 Barichattan do 55 P.F. 398.21
40 Jargarh do 52 P.F. 48.96
41 Labhar do 71 P.F. 80.54
42 Mundu do 72 P.F. 105.62
43 Ramseli do 64 P.F. 140.42
44 Bhawarbandha do 58 P.F. 203.96
45 Goindi do 43 P.F. 84.13
46 Salwe do 34 P.F. 87.65
47 Siram do 31 P.F. 87.42
48 Dorami Barwadih 7 P.F. 494.93
49 Kuchila do 59 P.F. 108.87
50 Kerh do 63 P.F. 57.48
51 Lat do 48 P.F. 180.49
52 Gari do 60 P.F. 451.99
53 Hehegarha do 65 P.F. 1022.10
54 Chunguru do 70 P.F. 2505.24
55 Haratu do 74 P.F. 1619.13
56 Tisia Garu 72 P.F. 2765.58
57 Adhey do 79 P.F. 625.79
58 Korgi do 80 P.F. 1325.78
59 Naina do 83 P.F. 1321.36
60 Sirsi do 163 P.F. 2148.29
61 Surkumi do 59 P.F. 943.51
62 Maromar do 60 P.F. 1117.55
63 Armu Mirchaiya do 50 P.F. 520.83
64 Lahargara do 49 P.F. 147.62
65 Baribandh do 29 P.F. 508.35
66 Hurdag do 42 P.F. 269.75
67 Morwai Kalan Barwadih 39 P.F. 3510.28
68 Totki Ranka 184 P.F. 1035.59
69 Sangali do 185 P.F. 1265.06
70 Madgari do 186 P.F. 3753.10
71 Saruwat do 207 P.F. 669.35
72 Hesatu do 208 P.F. 1982.97
73 Kulhi do 209 P.F. 68.79
74 Korwadih do 210 P.F. 372.50
75 Tumera do 211 P.F. 834.06
66 | Annexure
76 Turer do 212 P.F. 599.31
77 Sinjo do 213 P.F. 52.20
78 Polpol do 214 P.F. 417.23
79 Chapia do 215 P.F. 952.20
80 Khurra do 216 P.F. 357.74
81 Khaira do 217 P.F. 648.30
82 Korwadih do 220 P.F. 255.35
83 Sanya do 221 P.F. 931.36
84 Chemo do 222 P.F. 528.52
85 Kudgara do 223 P.F. 151.47
86 Bhajana do 218 P.F. 144.06
87 Kumandih A Latehar - R.F. 1173.75
88 Kumandih 2 do - R.F. 1448.09
89 Kumandih 3 do - R.F. 1353.26
90 Kumandih 4 do - R.F. 500.31
91 Piri Mahuadanr 1 R.F. 859.14
92 Rol do 5 R.F. 585.98
93 Bhatko Latehar 106 R.F. 297.82
94 Gua do 66 R.F. 218.68
95 Hosir do 67 R.F. 99.55
96 Opag do 68 R.F. 150.14
97 Jobe Ambawatikar do 75 R.F. 170.76
98 Hatta do 83 R.F. 114.92
99 Kurumkheta do 82 R.F. 256.48
100 Ambatikar do 85 R.F. 155.13
101 Tanwai Barwadih 40 P.F. 905.88
102 Patradih do 45 R.F. 76.21
103 Bere do 46 R.F. 123.17
104 Gasedag do 47 R.F. 126.23
105 Morwai Khurd do 35 R.F. 556.55
106 Nawernago do 41 R.F. 226.50
107 Saidup 9 do - R.F. 1113.36
108 Saidup10 do - R.F. 1042.91
109 Kutmu do 8 P.F. 76.88
110 Saraidih do 9 P.F. 134.28
111 Kachanpur do 3 P.F. 9.34
112 Pokhri Khurd do 12 P.F. 210.15
113 Kolpurwa do 13 P.F. 52.71
114 Rabdi do 62 R.F. 99.59
115 Lukumdhanr do 61 P.F. 107.48
116 Barwadih do 22 R.F. 102.10
67 | Annexure
117 Luhur do 21 R.F. 95.13
118 Babhandih do 33 R.F. 269.61
119 Horilong do 31 P.F. 218.67
120 Paira do 20 R.F. 132.69
121 Ledgain do 19 P.F. 260.74
122 Sindhorwa do 36 P.F. 1961.25
123 Mandal do 38 P.F. 1084.55
124 Tataha do 37 P.F. 1051.64
125 Tola Hurdag Garu 41 P.F. 172.45
126 Kui do 44 P.F. 121.99
127 Hethtola do 45 R.F. 235.28
128 Karwai do 46 R.F. 110.89
129 Bahera Tola do 47 R.F. 93.68
130 Kotam do 32 R.F. 133.19
131 Daldalia do 48 P.F. 87.28
132 Dauna Mahuadanr 78 P.F. 746.93
133 Durup do 84 P.F. 1971.53
134 Simakhas Garu 20 R.F. 166.25
135 Dorami Barwadih 7 R.F. 211.41
136 Barichattan do 55 R.F. 219.82
137 Barichattan do 55 P.F. 97.31
138 Lat do 48 R.F. 133.48
139 Netarhat Mahuadanr 81 R.F. 916.18
140 Birijiatoli do 82 R.F. 601.34
141 Sirsi do 163 R.F. 64.75
Total:- 71585.70
PWLS 554.64 Sq km
Total Buffer Area Other R.F./P.F. 161.21 Sq km
Total:- 715.85 Sq km
68 | Annexure
Annexure- XVIII
List of Birds
S.
Name Scientific Name Schedule*
No.
Alexandrine or Large Indian
1 Psittacula eupatria Near Threatened
Parakeet
2 Ashy Swallow Shrike Artamus fuscus Least Concern
3 Ashy Wren Warbler Prinia socialis Least Concern
4 Baby-backed Shrike Lanius vittatus Least Concern
5 Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus Least Concern
6 Barn or Screech Owl Tyto alba Least Concern
7 Barred Jungle Owlet Glaucidium radiatum Least Concern
8 Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus Least Concern
9 Black Bird Turdus merula Least Concern
10 Black Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis Least Concern
11 Black Ibis Pseudibis papillosa Least Concern
12 Black Partridge Melanoperdix niger Vulnerable A2c +3c +4c
13 Black-bellied Finch Lark Eremopterix grisea Least Concern
14 Blackbreasted or Rain Quail Coturnix coromandelica Least Concern
15 Black-breasted Weaver Ploceus benghalensis Least Concern
16 Black-headed Cuckoo Shrike Coracina melanoptera Least Concern
17 Black-headed Munia Lonchura malacca Least Concern
18 Black-headed Oriole Oriolus xanthornus Least Concern
19 Black-necked Strok Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus Near Threatened
20 Blackwinged Kite Elanus caeruleus Least Concern
21 Blackwinged Stilt Himantopus himantopus Least Concern
22 Blossom-headed Parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala Least Concern
23 Blue-tailed Bee-eater Merops philippinus Least Concern
24 Blue-throated Barbet Psilopogon asiaticus Least Concern
25 Blue-winged Leaf bird Chloropsis cochinchinensis Least Concern
26 Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus Least Concern
27 Brahminy Myna Sturnus pagodarum Least Concern
28 Brown Fish Owl Ketupa zeylonensis Least Concern
29 Button Quail Turnix tanki Least Concern
30 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Least Concern
31 Chestnut Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus Least Concern
32 Chestnut-bellied Nuthatch Sitta castanea Least Concern
33 Chestnut-headed Bee-eater Merops leschenaulti Least Concern
34 Collared Scopes Owl Otus bakkamoena Least Concern
35 Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus Least Concern
36 Common Green Pigeon Treron phoenicoptera Least Concern
69 | Annexure
37 Indian Grey Hornbill Ocyceros birostris Least Concern
38 Common Hawk Cuckoo Cuculus varius Least Concern
39 Common Hoopoe Upupa epops Least Concern
40 Common Indian Nightjar Caprimulgus asiaticus Least Concern
Common or Blue legged Bus-
41 Turnix suscitator Least Concern
tard Quail
42 Common or Grey Quail Coturnix coturnix Least Concern
43 Common Pariah Kite Milvus migrans Least Concern
44 Common Sandgrouse Pterocles exustus Least Concern
45 Common Sandpiper Tringa hypoleucos Least Concern
46 Common Swallow Hirundo rustica Least Concern
47 Common Teal Anas crecca Least Concern
48 Common Wood Shrike Tephrodornis pondicerianus Least Concern
49 Coppersmith Barbet Megalaima haemacephala Least Concern
50 Crested Hawk Eagle Spizaetus cirrhatus Least Concern
51 Crested Lark Galerida cristata Least Concern
52 Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela Least Concern
53 Crested Tree Swift Hemiprocne longipennis Least Concern
54 Crow Pheasant Centropus siensis
55 Curlew Numenius arquata Near Threatened
56 Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus Least Concern
57 Golden-backed Woodpecker Dinopium benghalense Least Concern
58 Golden-fronted Leaf bird Chloropsis aurifrons Least Concern
59 Green Munia Estrilda formosa
60 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Least Concern
61 Grey Patridge Francolinus pondicerianus Least Concern
62 Grey Tit Parus major Least Concern
63 Grey Wagtail Motacilla canerea Least Concern
64 Grey-headed Flycatcher Culicicapa ceylonensis Least Concern
65 Grey-headed Myna Sturnus malabaricus Least Concern
66 House Crow Corvus splendens Least Concern
67 House Sparrow Passer domesticus Least Concern
68 House Swift Apus affinis Least Concern
69 Indian Great Horned Owl Bubo bubo bengalensis
70 Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis Least Concern
71 Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus Least Concern
72 Indian Pipit Anthus novaeseelandiae Least Concern
73 Indian Pitta Pitta brachyura Least Concern
74 Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata Least Concern
75 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis Least Concern
76 Indian Small Skylark Alauda gulgula Least Concern
77 Indian Tree Pie Dendrocitta vagabunda Least Concern
70 | Annexure
78 Indian Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida Least Concern
79 Indian Wren Warbler Prinia subflava Least Concern
80 Iora Aegithina tiphia Least Concern
81 Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus Least Concern
82 Jungle Bush Quail Perdicula asiatica Least Concern
83 Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos Least Concern
84 Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus Least Concern
85 King or Black Vulture Torgos calvus Critically Endangered
86 Koel Eudynamys scolopacea Least Concern
87 Large Cuckoo Shrike Coracina novaehollandiae Least Concern
88 Large Grey Babbler Turdoides malcolmi Least Concern
89 Large Pied Wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis Least Concern
90 Little Brown Dove Streptopelia senegalensis Least Concern
91 Little Egret Egretta garzetta Least Concern
92 Little Green Bittern Butorides striatus Least Concern
93 Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius Least Concern
94 Little Stint Calidris minuta Least Concern
95 Lorikeet Loriculus vernalis Least Concern
96 Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis Least Concern
97 Malabar Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros coronatus Near Threatened
98 Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Least Concern
99 Painted Sandgrouse Pterocles indicus Least Concern
100 Palm Swift Cypsiurus parvus Least Concern
101 Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi Least Concern
102 Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata Least Concern
103 Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis Least Concern
104 Pied Myna Sturnus contra Least Concern
105 Pigmy Woodpecker Picoides nanus Least Concern
106 Pintail Duck Anas acuta Least Concern
107 Pond Heron Ardeola grayii Least Concern
108 Purple Sunbird Nectarinia asiatica Least Concern
109 Purple-rumped Sunbird Nectarinia zeylonica Least Concern
110 Quaker Babbler Alcippe poioicephala Least Concern
111 Racket-tailed Drongo Dicrurus paradiseus Least Concern
112 Red Jungle Fowl Gallus gallus Least Concern
113 Red or Waxbill Munia Estrilda amandava Least Concern
114 Red Spurfowl Galloperdix spadicea Least Concern
115 Redrumped or Striated Swallor Hirundo Least Concern
116 Redshank Tringa totanus Least Concern
117 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer Least Concern
118 Redwattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus Least Concern
119 Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus Least Concern
71 | Annexure
120 Red-winged Bush Lark Mirafra erythroptera Least Concern
121 Refous-tailed Finch Lark Ammomanes phoenicurus Least Concern
122 Ring Dove Streptopelia decaocto Least Concern
123 River Tern Sterna aurantia Near Threatened
124 Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri Least Concern
125 Rufous Woodpecker Micropternus brachyurus Least Concern
126 Rufous-backed Shrike Lanius schach Least Concern
127 Rufous-bellied Babbler Dumetia hyperythra Least Concern
128 Scarlet Minivet Pericrocotus flammeus Least Concern
129 Shama Copsychus malabaricus Least Concern
130 Shikra Accipiter badius Least Concern
131 Short-toed Eagle Circaetus gallicus Least Concern
132 Sirkeet Cuckoo Taccocua leschenaultii Least Concern
133 Slaty-headed Scimitar Babbler Pomatorhinus schisticeps Least Concern
134 Small Blue Kingfisher Alcedo atthis Least Concern
135 Small Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis Least Concern
136 Small Minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus Least Concern
137 Spotted Babbler Pellorneum ruficeps Least Concern
138 Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis Least Concern
139 Spotted Munia Lonchura punctulata Least Concern
140 Stone Curlew Burhinus oedicnemus Least Concern
141 Streaked Fantail Warbler Cisticola juncidis Least Concern
142 Streaked Weaver Ploceus manyar Least Concern
143 Tailor Bird Orthotomus sutorius Least Concern
144 Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax Least Concern
145 Thick-billed Flowerpecker Dicaeum agile Least Concern
146 Tickell's Blue Flycatcher Cyornis tickelliae Least Concern
147 Tickell's Flowerpecker Dicaeum erythrorhynchos Least Concern
148 Verditer Flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi Least Concern
149 White Ibis Eudocimus albus Least Concern
150 White Scavenger Vulture Neophron percnopterus Endangered
151 White Stork Ciconia ciconia Least Concern
152 White Wagtail Motacilla alba Least Concern
153 White-backed Munia Lonchura striata Least Concern
154 White-backed Vulture Gyps bengalensis Critically Endangered
155 White-bellied Drongo Dicrurus caerulescens Least Concern
156 White-breasted Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis Least Concern
157 White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus Least Concern
158 White-eyed Buzzard Butastur teesa Least Concern
159 White-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus Vulnerable
72 | Annexure
160 White-spotted Fantail Flycatcher Rhipidura albicollis Least Concern
161 White-throated Munia Lonchura malabarica Least Concern
162 Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii Least Concern
163 Wood or Spotted Sandpiper Tringa glareola Least Concern
164 Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava Least Concern
165 Yellow-eyed Babbler Chrysomma sinense Least Concern
166 Yellow-fronted Pied Woodpecker Picoides mahrattensis Least Concern
167 Yellow-headed Wagtail Motacilla citreola Least Concern
168 Yellow-Throated Sparrow Petronia xanthocollis Least Concern
169 Yellow-wattled Lapwing Vanellus malabaricus Least Concern
LIST OF REPTILES
1 Red Sand Boa Eryx johnii Least Concern
2 Indian Cobra Naja naja Least Concern
3 King Cobra Ophiophagus hannah Vulnerable A2acd
4 Banded Karait Bungarus fasciatus Least Concern
5 Common Karait Bungarus caeruleus Least Concern
6 Burmese Python Python molurus Vulnerable A2acd
7 Rat Snake Ptyas mucosa --
8 Russel Viper daboia --
73 | Annexure
Annexure- XIX
List of waterholes in Buffer Area of PTR
S. No. Name of Waterhole Location
1 Madhuchuan Betla Comp - 2
2 Kerwadah
3 Hathbajwa
4 Bairiya
5 Baghjhopdi
6 Jagandubwa
7 Chaturbothwa-1
8 Balahi Kusum
9 Baulia
10 Kaswa
11 Sugwa semar
12 Nunahi Betla
13 Chaturbothwa-2
14 Baiga Pani
15 Kanaudhi Betla Comp - 1
16 Paprapani
17 Gobardaha
18 Kanaudhi
19 Bhitiahi
20 Jamuahi
21 Baghdubwa-1
22 Baghdubwa-2
23 Danidah
24 Kamun Khorka Amwatikar
25 Jamatia Pani
26 Asna Ghuman
27 Amwatikar
28 Munda Dera
29 Chuan Pathar
30 Gharmian Dumar
31 Larbandhwa
Chhipadohar E
32 Pissurdera
33 Bandar Chuan
34 Jhara Pani Ganeshpur
35 Bhaghari
36 Chattan Pani Kumandih Comp. - 4
37 Jamati Pani
38 Kelha Pani
39 Sapwa Bhakhar
74 | Annexure
40 Singh Thokwa Kumandih Comp.-3
41 Tin Sukhuwa
42 Thatera
43 Harewa Pani Kumandih Comp.-2
44 Bagbothwa
45 Thop Pani
46 Ghorkarwa Rol P.F.
47 Gawarmara Piri P.F.
Garu East
48 Bhara Pani
49 Sespani
50 Lachi Dumar Kuku P.F.
51 Baghbothwa
52 Ranidhah Kumandih P.F.
53 Baigapani
54 Jhanjhidah
55 Naktidah
56 Kara Pani Madhgari
57 Barsa Pani
58 Sakua Pani
59 Ganamarbothan
60 Kusum Pani
61 Gur Pani
62 Amba Pani
63 Kerwahi Sangli PF
64 Dumar Pani Kutku
65 Kusua Pani Chemo PF
66 Ambakhari
67 Dumar Pani Turer PF
68 Harra Pani
69 Kerh Pani Chapia PF
70 Karandha Pani
71 Bengaraj Pani
72 Rewata Pani
73 Semar Pani
74 Asan Pani
75 Pakhri Pani
76 Sakua Pani
77 Kusum Pani Kerwadih PF Garu East
78 Baghbuthwa Goindi P.F.
79 Tana Nala
80 Innar Pani
81 Dhawaichuan Lohargara
75 | Annexure
82 Karabandhwa Baribandh PF
83 Baiga Pani Rud P.F
84 Jamun Pani Champi KRF
85 Lugpinchi
86 Jobla Pani Kante PF
87 Hagrhwa
88 Jurua Pani
89 Amba Pani
90 Asnahi Mundu P.F.
91 Konari Haratu P.F
92 Dhegar Pani
93 Bala Pani
94 Pipra Pani Surkumi P.F.
95 Kokhar Pani
96 Bargarha
97 Puran Pani
98 Bagin Kona
99 Pipra Pani Bhawarbandh KRF
Garu West
100 Hathbajhdhari
101 Upar Baghdohar Bhawarbandh P.F
102 Kedla Pani Mirchaiya P.F.
103 Champla Pani
104 Dumar Pani Maromar
105 Amba Pani
106 Asan Pani
107 Bandharchuan
108 Tusru Amba Adhe PF
109 Bindiya Kona
110 Rani Chuan Tisia
111 Jamri Pani
112 Suarbandhua
113 Asan Pani
114 Siris Pani Korgi P.F.
115 Tirmuriya
116 Leto Pani
117 Hapleta
76 | Annexure
Annexure- XX
List of buildings in Buffer Area
Sl.
Name of Range Name of Buildings Location
No.
1 2 3 4
1 Garu East FRH Garu
2 Baresanr ROF Office Baresanr
3 Wireless Room Baresanr
4 Medical Store Baresanr
5 FRH Baresanr
6 Outhouse Baresanr
7 Check-Naka Baresanr
8 Mahuadanr FRH Aksi
9 R. I. Hut Mahuadanr
10 FRH Mahuadanr Mahuadanr
11 Garu West Garage Garu
12 Garage Maromar
13 Wireless Room Garu
14 Kitchen Room Maromar
15 FRH Maromar Maromar
16 Godown 50 Mt. capacity Garu
17 Garu East FRH Rud Rud
18 Betla F.R.H. Betla Betla
19 F.R.H. Betla-I Betla
20 N.I. Centre Betla Betla
21 Garage, Betla Betla
22 Wireless Room, Betla Betla
23 R.O.F. Office Betla Betla
24 Janta lodge Room - I to V Betla
25 Conference Hall, Betla Betla
26 Dormitory, Betla Betla
27 R.O.F. Office, Chhipadohar Chhipadohar
28 Chhipadohar West F.R.H. Barwadih, New Barwadih
29 Garage, Barwadih Barwadih
30 R.I. Hut, Barwadih Barwadih
31 Betla Strike Force Barrack Betla
32 Godown, Betla Betla
33 Naka Shed, Betla Betla
34 Naka Shed, Kechki Kechki
35 Chhipadohar East Naka Shed, Chhipadohar Chhipadohar
77 | Annexure
36 Chhipadohar West Naka Shed, Barwadih Barwadih
37 Betla F.R.H. Kechki Kechki
38 Resque Centre Betla
39 Elephant Sheed Betla
40 Labrotory, Betla Betla
41 Garu East RFO Office -cum- Residence Garu
42 Forester Office-cum-Residence Garu
43 Forester Office-cum-Residence Garu
44 Garu West Forester Office-cum-Residence Garu
45 Garu East Forest Guard Quarter-1 Nos. Garu
46 Forest Guard Quarter-2 Nos. Garu
50 Garu West Forest Guard Quarter-6 Nos. Garu
53 Garu East Naka Guard Quarter Garu
54 Baresanr ROF Residence Baresanr
55 Forester Residence Baresanr
56 Forest Guard Quarter-1 Nos. Baresanr
57 Baresanr Forest Guard Quarter-2 Nos. Baresanr
62 Mahuadanr ROF Office-cum-Residence Mahuadanr
63 Forester Residence Mahuadanr
64 Forester Residence Aksi
65 Forest Guard Quarter-1 Nos. Mahuadanr
71 Forest Guard Quarter-1 Nos. Aksi
72 Forest Guard Quarter-2 Nos. Aksi
73 Naka Shed Aksi
74 Mahuadanr
78 | Annexure
75 Garu East ROF Residence-1 Garu
76 ROF Residence-2 Garu
77 Forester Residence Mundu
78 Forest Guard Quarter-1 Nos. Mundu
81 Garu West Forest Guard Quarter-4 Nos. Mundu
82 Garu West Forest Guard Quarter-5 Nos. Mundu
83 Forest Guard Quarter-1 Nos. Maromar
84 Forest Guard Quarter-2 Nos. Maromar
85 Naka Shed Maromar
86 Baresanr Barrack of strike force Baresanr
87 Chokidar Quarter Jantalodge Betla Betla
88 Chokidar Quarter F.R.H.-I Betla Betla
89 Chokidar Quarter F.R.H.-Main Betla Betla
90 Chokidar Quarter Tourist Lodge Betla Betla
91 Forest Guard Quarter Counter Betla Betla
92 R.O.F. Quarter, Betla Betla
93 Forest Guard Quarter-1 Nos. Betla
Betla
105 Forest Guard Quarter Kechaki Naka-I Betla
106 Forest Guard Quarter Kechaki Naka-II Betla
107 Forester Quarter Quila, Betla Betla
108 Barrack strike force Betla
109 Chhipadohar East R.O.F. Quarter, Chhipadohar Chhipadohar
110 Forester Quarter, Chhipadohar Chhipadohar
111 Forest guard Quarter-1 Nos. Chhipadohar
79 | Annexure
117 Nakashed, Chhipadoha-I Chhipadohar
118 Nakashed, Chhipadoha-II Chhipadohar
119 Forest Guard-1 Nos. Chhipadohar
122 R.O.F. Quarter Chhipadohar, West New Chhipadohar
123 Chhipadohar West Forester Quarter, Barwadih, New Barwadih
124 Forest Guard Quarter-1 Nos. Barwadih
129 Chhipadohar West Forest Guard Quarter-6 Nos. Barwadih
131 Forest Guard Quarter-1 Nos. Mandal
134 Forester Quarter, Mandal Mandal
135 R.O.F. Quarter Kutku Barwadih
136 Forester Quarter Kutku Barwadih
80 | Annexure
81 | Annexure
Annexure- XXI
Population dynamics of 191 villages in and around Buffer Area of Palamau Tiger Reserve
Area of Non
S. Admin. Thana House Total OBC & Literate
Name of Village Village S.C. S.T. Worker
No. Block No. hold Population Others (in %)
(in Acres)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13
1 Akhra Barwadih 16 220.93 432 2,193 381 156 279 9.80 430
2 Amdiha Barwadih 5 391.49 357 1,606 237 1,288 81 39.17 868
3 Babhandih Barwadih 32 445.80 338 1,755 310 474 971 68.49 1,258
4 Barichattan Barwadih 54 381.15 119 706 - 706 - 27.20 420
5 Barichattan PF Barwadih 33 - 35 145 48 33 64 55.86 99
6 Baridohar Barwadih 53 523.10 110 714 40 648 26 44.82 521
7 Barkheta Barwadih 49 425.13 205 1,183 9 1,149 25 30.52 658
8 Bere Barwadih 45 359.68 170 890 112 697 81 33.71 660
9 Betla Barwadih 15 315.07 432 2,193 381 156 1,656 52.62 1,423
10 Bode Barwadih 31 73.86 - - - - - -
11 Chamardiha Barwadih 25 118.00 123 614 87 44 483 65.15 484
12 Chapri Barwadih 27 395.36 430 2,086 1,538 248 300 35.47 1,468
13 Chatam Barwadih 79 157.97 42 233 - 166 67 35.62 92
14 Chhencha Barwadih 28 437.62 622 2,862 622 1,010 1,230 49.90 1,877
15 Chhipadohar Barwadih 57 1,006.83 952 5,085 820 2,813 1,452 50.68 3,186
16 Chungru Barwadih 69 3,159.58 355 2,019 65 1,762 192 34.47 1,038
17 Dorami Barwadih 7 551.77 138 663 254 386 23 37.10 464
18 Ganeshpur Barwadih 75 832.96 194 1,012 22 988 2 30.63 578
19 Gari Barwadih 59 822.38 304 1,681 560 974 147 41.05 930
20 Gasedag Barwadih 46 265.01 109 592 - 587 5 20.44 452
21 Gua Barwadih 65 320.91 63 318 - 313 5 21.38 1,061
22 Haratu Barwadih 73 2,005.28 270 1,401 224 907 270 25.70 632
23 Harhe Barwadih 48 319.71 157 788 21 648 119 36.55 436
24 Harinamanr Barwadih 55 110.94 63 346 30 280 36 22.54 755
82 | Annexure
25 Harparwa alias Biratpurwa Barwadih 2 123.31 6 25 21 - 4 32.00 15
26 Hehegara Barwadih 64 1,343.46 339 1,745 774 612 359 34.96 929
27 Hendehas Barwadih 6 72.87 53 299 48 243 8 46.49 157
28 Horilong Barwadih 30 438.60 182 890 192 578 120 47.53 492
29 Hosir Barwadih 66 512.80 172 897 297 517 83 27.09 515
30 Jargarh Barwadih 51 208.22 40 176 10 160 6 25.00 76
31 Jatha alias Baibal Barwadih 36 1,202.62 55 375 - 367 8 30.40 252
32 Jobe alias Ambatikar Barwadih 74 1,083.74 138 654 134 401 119 37.92 245
33 Juruhar Barwadih 56 438.11 300 1,774 133 1,525 116 27.90 1,107
34 Kachanpur Barwadih 3 258.22 273 1,453 71 1,332 50 58.98 1,022
35 Kalyanpur Barwadih 4 173.42 137 795 75 720 - 24.65 560
36 Kechki Barwadih 1 444.11 274 1,792 193 1,464 135 29.46 993
37 Kerh Barwadih 62 900.08 604 3,138 953 1,598 587 36.55 1,778
38 Khamhikhas Barwadih 42 364.38 55 305 - 282 23 52.79 161
39 Khura Barwadih 24 376.29 480 2,396 905 206 1,285 65.23 1,560
40 Kolpurwa Barwadih 13 108.46 88 476 5 382 89 51.68 357
41 Korwadih Barwadih 41 312.43 28 197 - 197 - 9.64 606
42 Kuchila Barwadih 58 503.63 432 2,727 1,065 931 731 42.54 1,762
43 Kuku Barwadih 80 1,445.72 85 490 - 463 27 36.33 246
44 Kutmu Barwadih 8 346.34 193 1,143 289 540 314 23.01 861
45 Labhar Barwadih 70 412.18 35 268 7 180 81 62.31 152
46 Lanka Barwadih 26 132.57 55 333 266 45 22 16.52 160
47 Lat Barwadih 47 432.93 216 1,215 38 1,105 72 30.45 494
83 | Annexure
48 Ledgain Barwadih 19 512.77 148 792 403 231 158 39.02 603
49 Luhur Barwadih 21 441.62 293 1,641 673 618 350 47.90 1,053
50 Lukumkhanr Barwadih 60 260.83 104 508 197 324 27 37.60 305
51 Lushhabathan Barwadih 11 59.86 5 33 4 - 29 9.09 22
52 Manatu Barwadih 77 222.51 71 402 169 211 22 32.59 217
53 Mandal Barwadih 37 1,235.87 230 1,043 164 524 355 23.11 599
54 Mangra Barwadih 23 592.45 474 2,459 928 1,228 303 43.72 1,450
55 Meral Barwadih 81 - 21 132 - 132 - 12.12 59
56 Morwai Kalan Barwadih 38 4,190.81 457 2,436 532 1,752 152 53.28 1,287
57 Morwai Khurd Barwadih 34 6,471.60 52 237 64 173 - 43.88 75
58 Mundu Barwadih 71 649.58 148 865 325 389 151 41.85 590
59 Murgidih Barwadih 22 293.10 256 1,316 295 842 179 48.86 897
60 Muru Barwadih 17 529.34 344 1,876 530 1,309 37 36.25 1,327
61 Nawadih Barwadih 68 363.88 288 1,482 76 621 785 23.14 797
62 Nawarnago Barwadih 40 299.13 33 182 - 182 - 56.04 77
63 Paira Barwadih 20 225.72 119 659 119 515 25 38.24 365
64 Patradih Barwadih 44 132.08 28 140 - 118 22 37.86 89
65 Pokhari Kalan Barwadih 10 472.31 611 3,886 289 48 3,549 25.45 2,207
66 Pokhri Khurd Barwadih 12 374.96 150 790 288 212 290 19.62 580
67 Putuagarh Barwadih 29 173.99 50 234 10 201 23 40.17 127
68 Rabdi Barwadih 61 312.63 138 629 225 334 70 27.34 298
69 Saidupe Barwadih 52 864.13 394 2,147 246 1,862 39 32.42 1,142
70 Saraidih Barwadih 9 403.24 297 1,719 519 202 998 29.26 952
71 Selaritanr Barwadih 78 30.90 29 134 42 91 1 9.70 69
72 Serandag Barwadih 43 480.23 79 447 10 436 1 47.65 216
73 Sindhorwa Barwadih 35 2,027.62 24 123 24 97 2 48.78 50
74 Sukul Katha Barwadih 76 514.08 12 60 12 48 - 41.67 23
75 Tanwai Barwadih 39 110.57 41 210 - 210 - 43.81 79
76 Tongari Barwadih 50 443.09 190 974 9 925 40 31.62 522
77 Ukamar Barwadih 14 62.66 3 12 - 8 4 33.33 9
78 Ukamar Barwadih 18 721.99 288 1,644 181 1,438 25 36.68 1,141
84 | Annexure
79 Wopag Barwadih 67 246.71 93 482 19 404 59 40.46 251
80 Bhajna Bhandaria 218 247.38 15 82 8 53 21 25.61 44
81 Bijpur Bhandaria 204 51.10 98 535 1 436 98 56.26 273
82 Chapiya Bhandaria 215 1,195.39 56 269 - 268 1 40.15 116
83 Chemo Bhandaria 222 733.10 73 321 - 122 199 5.92 139
84 Hesatu Bhandaria 208 2,206.73 131 622 - 507 115 36.33 280
85 Khaira Bhandaria 217 796.96 2 13 - 13 - 46.15 3
86 Khwra Bhandaria 216 481.00 81 379 - 350 29 8.97 188
87 Korwadih Bhandaria 210 880.25 - - - - - -
88 Korwadih Bhandaria 220 55.54 2 4 - 4 - 50.00 -
89 Kudgara Bhandaria 223 166.53 - - - - - -
90 Kulhi Bhandaria 209 84.16 42 199 - 166 33 34.67 108
91 Kutku Bhandaria 219 312.28 101 460 44 416 - 38.91 187
92 Madgari Bhandaria 186 4,212.74 921 4,276 1,734 445 2,097 46.52 2,076
93 Parro Bhandaria 182 164.00 206 1,067 23 869 175 41.99 494
94 Polpol Bhandaria 214 468.24 22 90 - 90 - 48.89 35
95 Saneya Bhandaria 221 1,318.02 133 675 59 490 126 50.52 324
96 Sangali Bhandaria 185 1,311.34 45 203 - 72 131 15.76 100
97 Saruat Bhandaria 207 1,093.07 85 412 - 292 120 25.97 208
98 Telri Bhandaria 206 1,203.15 166 888 465 423 - 73.20 731
99 Totki Bhandaria 184 1,191.10 55 299 29 268 2 44.82 64
100 Tumera Bhandaria 211 929.02 43 167 - 164 3 29.94 86
101 Turer Bhandaria 212 687.33 71 312 - 310 2 44.23 164
85 | Annexure
102 Ausane Chainpur 181 949.88 791 4,017 796 1,071 2,150 46.40 2,330
103 Ausane Chainpur 181 949.88 446 2,804 496 724 1,584 15.26
104 Barhaniar Chainpur 165 - - - - - -
105 Barhaniar Chainpur 165 10.97 79 446 - 431 15 0.00
106 Khapia Chainpur 164 366.18 101 525 163 284 78 52.19 297
107 Khapia Chainpur 164 366.18 53 361 108 192 61 0.55
108 Armu Mirchaiya Garu 50 639.58 44 226 - 226 - 26.99 122
109 Baheratola Garu 47 182.48 88 459 - 440 19 63.62 123
110 Baigatoli Garu 33 256.71 123 582 88 394 100 33.85 300
111 Baresanr Garu 62 1,195.81 253 1,303 197 497 609 48.73 691
112 Baribandh Garu 29 717.26 96 518 - 491 27 31.27 252
113 Bhawarbandha Garu 58 411.79 32 168 - 160 8 29.76 93
114 Champi Garu 21 457.39 17 104 - 97 7 8.65 193
115 Chiraiya Garu 24 16.58 11 41 - 39 2 39.02 24
116 Daldalia Garu 48 278.86 102 579 19 436 124 43.52 316
117 Darichapar Garu 30 229.04 39 157 3 154 - 36.31 72
118 Darkocha Garu 65 164.14 57 264 - 262 2 47.73 144
119 Derhgaon Garu 61 154.87 82 433 142 209 82 40.88 237
120 Dhangartola Garu 57 135.31 331 1,558 101 524 933 61.04 1,049
121 Doram Garu 35 234.65 88 382 14 368 - 51.31 185
122 Garu Garu 56 286.37 77 362 2 242 118 58.01 219
123 Goindi Garu 43 344.67 73 370 - 370 - 32.97 169
124 Hendehas Garu 28 116.86 93 439 16 373 50 28.47 242
125 Hesag Garu 52 49.32 81 436 - 414 22 43.12 257
126 Hethtola Garu 45 400.56 46 240 - 226 14 36.67 113
127 Hurdagtola Garu 42 1,025.35 62 342 22 305 15 45.61 160
128 Kabri Garu 27 72.23 70 302 12 229 61 54.97 154
129 Kante Garu 25 154.17 - - - - - 16
130 Karwai Garu 46 395.23 156 806 5 779 22 40.45 412
131 Korwatola Garu 40 381.09 64 301 - 301 - 29.24 136
132 Kotam Garu 32 421.17 224 1,210 84 1,058 68 40.58 706
86 | Annexure
133 Kui Garu 44 206.84 74 403 100 299 4 48.39 244
134 Lohargara Garu 49 287.35 110 633 56 545 32 33.65 344
135 Lohurtanr Garu 54 89.41 103 470 18 447 5 43.83 306
136 Mahuadaber Garu 26 65.32 29 118 66 29 23 19.49 205
137 Mangra Garu 63 295.18 7 37 - 37 - 43.24 18
138 Maromar Garu 60 1,246.32 70 301 11 265 25 49.50 151
139 Mayapur Garu 66 290.03 186 873 1 681 191 62.08 450
140 Paharkocha Garu 67 1,128.77 90 514 - 413 101 69.26 294
141 Pati Garu 23 79.24 - - - - - 125
142 Piri Garu 2 378.38 100 573 15 558 - 41.71 334
143 Purni Armu Garu 51 61.62 64 674 - 660 14 62.76 547
144 Purni Hesag Garu 53 49.51 23 132 - 125 7 54.55 80
145 Ramseli Garu 64 579.97 153 750 - 683 67 46.27 419
146 Rol Garu 5 348.13 97 502 6 271 225 46.41 262
147 Rud Garu 22 487.07 157 773 - 732 41 27.17 364
148 Salwe Garu 34 531.09 99 478 57 380 41 50.21 271
149 Samodhtola Garu 55 94.56 53 633 48 479 106 80.41 425
150 Simakhas Garu 20 339.62 71 325 12 268 45 51.38 176
151 Siram Garu 31 337.36 22 100 - 100 - 32.00 48
152 Surkumi Garu 59 1,368.15 236 1,176 - 1,126 50 46.68 546
153 Adhe Mahuadanr 79 780.89 49 274 - 206 68 42.70 126
154 Aksi Mahuadanr 76 1,705.90 200 1,157 8 1,064 85 58.17 540
155 Bandua Mahuadanr 71 1,370.50 178 852 - 850 2 38.97 481
87 | Annexure
156 Chetma Mahuadanr 68 1,424.20 139 767 42 701 24 59.84 287
157 Dauna Mahuadanr 78 1,227.00 160 761 36 529 196 54.01 375
158 Durup Mahuadanr 84 2,606.60 189 1,072 - 884 188 50.37 500
159 Gaurgara Mahuadanr 70 152.81 - - - - - -
160 Jamdih or Haramgara Mahuadanr 73 1,337.00 171 977 36 853 88 7.57 -
161 Janta Mahuadanr 69 202.61 24 131 7 117 7 38.17 -
162 Korgi Mahuadanr 80 1,790.40 22 128 - 64 64 16.41
163 Lodh Mahuadanr 105 1,061.10 95 598 84 402 112 26.59 -
164 Naina Mahuadanr 83 1,339.10 22 18 - 18 - 22.22
165 Parewa Mahuadanr 102 913.44 62 313 - 312 1 33.55 -
166 Sirsi Mahuadanr 1,374.50 71 385 - 304 81 7.79
167 Tamoli Mahuadanr 74 929.88 136 690 22 606 62 28.84 -
168 Tisia Mahuadanr 72 2,974.50 43 226 1 111 114 6.64
169 Ambatikar Manika 85 168.27 37 189 - 188 1 42.86 50
170 Antikheta Manika 84 301.48 129 719 116 561 42 35.19 413
171 Barkadih Manika 176 515.50 248 1,173 137 772 264 47.66 660
172 Bhatko Manika 106 204.25 161 972 50 243 679 53.29 694
173 Deobar Manika 175 633.90 111 667 179 488 - 37.48 402
174 Hatta Manika 83 279.50 119 626 - 617 9 23.00 453
175 Jabla Manika 86 147.46 66 329 - 328 1 42.86 177
176 Jagtu Manika 107 103.52 124 591 171 373 47 57.87 301
177 Jerua Manika 108 777.13 186 997 82 641 274 50.55 558
178 Koili Manika 114 195.17 49 295 131 107 57 57.97 165
179 Kope Manika 111 287.86 266 1,363 373 575 415 43.21 1,176
180 Kurumkheta Manika 82 122.00 26 118 - 112 6 47.46 60
181 Lanka Manika 112 1,262.33 284 1,503 292 1,201 10 43.58 842
182 Lawagara Manika 177 211.11 39 173 66 29 78 46.82 79
183 Patki Manika 87 283.10 43 250 24 176 50 54.80 144
184 Pipra Kalan Manika 126 419.29 191 1,051 250 293 508 19.89 -
185 Rabda Manika 121 532.64 226 1,216 195 981 40 11.76 -
186 Ranki Kalan Manika 119 556.50 372 1,982 849 479 654 52.32 1,114
88 | Annexure
187 Ranki Khurd Manika 118 169.78 86 491 178 46 267 43.99 -
188 Salaia Manika 120 228.67 81 410 207 142 61 17.80 -
189 Sewdhara Manika 113 150.21 89 422 40 191 191 39.81 327
190 Thema Manika 123 95.95 50 285 98 53 134 17.19 -
191 Themi Manika 122 166.12 79 388 320 7 61 7.22 -
Total in PTR:- 1,17,414.38 28,224 1,49,374 26,605 86,742 34,690 39.77 81,933
Statistics are based on Census data, 2011
Annexure- XXII
Details of Micro Plans prepared for Eco- Development Committees
Sl. Area of Forest covered by
Name of Range Name of EDC
No. EDC (in ha)
1 Garu East Luhurtanr 87.29
2 Daldalia 147.60
3 Lohargara 269.24
4 Goindi 46.42
5 Dhangartola 16.36
6 Pandra 701.70
7 Vijaypur 328.70
8 Rud 184.52
9 Salwe 528.90
10 Gutua 501.70
11 Gopkhanr 703.00
12 Karwai 111.32
13 Kotang 133.12
14 Haratu 1619.15
15 Hurdag 636.21
16 Darichapar 132.60
17 Baresanr Baresanr 749.03
18 Adhe 623.80
19 Latu 230.96
20 Kujrum 401.86
21 Paharkocha 804.69
22 Chetama 575.58
23 Mayapur 147.58
24 Drup East 970.74
25 Tisia 765.63
26 Drup West 197.74
27 Dauna 746.63
28 Ramseli 329.96
29 Darcocha 56.33
30 Mangara 253.93
31 Bandua 872.04
32 Garu West Mundu 269.99
33 Heswa 943.52
34 Maromar 817.58
35 Henar 610.58
36 Ramandag 917.85
37 Ladi 89.24
38 Surkumi 943.52
89 | Annexure
39 Labhar 413.26
40 Serendag 324.20
41 Maunadorha 556.57
42 Betla Gari 1116.87
43 Lukumkhanr 262.59
44 Rabadi 492.18
45 Kachanpur 23.10
46 Dorami 1744.19
47 Bahuaria 1744.19
48 Kechaki East 275.39
49 Kolpurwa 130.27
50 Kuchila 135.00
51 Muru 744.00
52 Betla 224.97
53 Kechaki West 276.40
54 Chhipadohar East Kerh 142.02
55 Harnamanr 610.08
56 Juruhar 610.08
57 Hosir 245.89
58 Chhipadohar 610.08
59 Chhipadohar West Horilong 540.34
60 Ukamanr 750.99
61 Mandal 627.00
62 Morwai Khurd 374.00
63 Morwai Kalan 580.00
64 Sindhorwa 423.00
65 Luhur 235.08
66 Paira 327.90
67 Bbhandih 666.23
68 Meral 576.00
69 Barhania 809.00
70 Saidup (Chuma Tikoni) 179.00
71 Saidup 889.66
72 Saidup Puranidih 370.74
73 Lat 775.70
74 Tanwai 237.50
75 Karamdih 410.92
76 311.79
Total :- 38232.79
90 | Annexure
Annexure- XXIII
Activity Budget of Buffer Area
Following activities are proposed for F.Y. 2013-14 to 2022-23
Activities Proposed
1. Anti- Poaching
• Deployment of anti-poaching squads (Strike Force) of paramilitary force has guards.
• Organising vehicular patrolling by constituting squads (Tiger Protection Force).
• Establishment and maintenance of existing patrolling camps with the provision of trackers
and native work force
• Establishment and maintenance of wireless network along with Closed User Group
Mobile phones.
• Organising surprise raids jointly with the local police at railway stations, local trains and
other places.
• Deployment of local work force for surveillance of waterholes, manning barriers.
• Reward to informers.
• Legal support for court cases.
• Procurement of field gear for anti-poaching forces.
• Special patrolling in sensitive areas during monsoon, festivals and other occasions.
2. Strengthening infrastructure within Core Area
• Staff quarter construction
• Staff quarter maintenance (Residential).
• Office improvement with uninterrupted power supply through generator.
• Maintenance of road network.
• Maintenance of fire watch towers.
• Maintenance, creation of fire lines/ firebreaks, fire tracing, fire fighting squads.
• Maintenance of earthen ponds / dams cleaning
• Construction & maintenance of boundary pillars
• Maintenance of vehicles (Jeeps, Trucks, Tractor, Motor Cycles)
• Fire protection work through EDCs
• Procurement of hardware, software/ GIS through outsourcing & map digitization facility
for management planning.
• Procurement of satellite imageries
• Construction of causeway/ culverts.
• Special repair of roads for better communication/mobilisation
• Preparation & publication of final Tiger Conservation Plan
• Replacement of old vehicles for patrolling
3. Habitat improvement and water development
• Weed eradication (Lantana uprooting)
• Grassland maintenance.
• Water retention structures.
• Water holes maintenance
91 | Annexure
• Cutting of view strips
• Creation of New Water holes
• Creation of New Grassland
• Provision of salt lick
• Veterinary care, vaccination, treatment etc.
4. Addressing man-animal conflicts
• Payment of compensation for cattle lifting death of human beings and crop depredation.
• Procurement/deployment of traps, cages to catch problematic animals.
• Procurement of tranquilizing equipments and drugs.
• Anti-depredation measures for elephant damage
5. Relocation of forest village
6. Research and field equipments
• Day to day field monitoring of wild animals and data compilation and management.
• GPS, camera traps, night vision devices, range finders etc.
• Research work and monitoring of Wildlife.
7. Staff development and capacity building
• Capacity building/training of staff in GIS, anti poaching operations, jurisprudence,
wildlife forensics, park interpretation and management planning.
• Study tours for appraisal of good practices in other reserves.
• Project allowance to all categories of staff
8. Providing safeguards/ retrofitting measures at vulnerable points.
9. Carrying out independent monitoring and evaluation
10. Staff welfare inputs like supply of kerosene, medicine field kit, mosquito net, torch
etc.
11. Eco - development/ Medical Camps
92 | Annexure
Annexure- XXIV
MAP OF WILDLIFE CORRIDORS
93 | Annexure
Corridor - 1
Sirsi - Palkot - Saranda
Wildlife Corridor
Annexure- XXV
1. Name of Villages falling within proposed Wildlife Corridor: Sirsi-
Palkot- Saranda
S
Village Name Taluka Name Dist Name Area (in Acres)
No
1 Sirsi Mahuadanr Latehar 1509.09
2 Range Bishunpur Gumla 996.55
3 Langratanr Bishunpur Gumla 1134.83
4 Balatu Bishunpur Gumla 239.70
5 Narma Bishunpur Gumla 2607.43
6 Ankuri Bishunpur Gumla 441.04
7 Bahagara Bishunpur Gumla 2417.56
8 Bendi Bishunpur Gumla 267.28
9 Amtipani Bishunpur Gumla 75.74
10 Arangloya Bishunpur Gumla 109.37
11 Oreya Bishunpur Gumla 875.27
12 Chirodih Bishunpur Gumla 2996.23
13 Kujam Bishunpur Gumla 2673.26
14 Dewragani Bishunpur Gumla 812.04
15 Tendar Ghaghra Gumla 1647.26
16 Dokapat Chainpur Gumla 214.21
17 Baghi Ghaghra Gumla 3333.13
18 Besna Chainpur Gumla 388.10
19 Malam Chainpur Gumla 641.82
20 Kanrasili Ghaghra Gumla 572.05
21 Ratugamhariya Chainpur Gumla 535.58
22 Salami Ghaghra Gumla 628.27
23 Kurumgarh Chainpur Gumla 1953.69
24 Oramar Chainpur Gumla 606.71
25 Bamda Chainpur Gumla 1204.50
26 Jirmi Chainpur Gumla 55.73
27 Kotam Chainpur Gumla 696.78
28 Luru Chainpur Gumla 1016.58
29 Sibil Chainpur Gumla 557.66
30 Saksari Chainpur Gumla 582.75
31 Kutvan Chainpur Gumla 646.03
32 Uru Chainpur Gumla 819.92
33 Marwa Chainpur Gumla 831.69
95 | Annexure
S
No
1 Sirsi Mahuadanr Latehar 1509.09
2 Range Bishunpur Gumla 996.55
3 Langratanr Bishunpur Gumla 1134.83
4 Balatu Bishunpur Gumla 239.70
5 Narma Bishunpur Gumla 2607.43
6 Ankuri Bishunpur Gumla 441.04
7 Bahagara Bishunpur Gumla 2417.56
8 Bendi Bishunpur Gumla 267.28
9 Amtipani Bishunpur Gumla 75.74
10 Arangloya Bishunpur Gumla 109.37
11 Oreya Bishunpur Gumla 875.27
12 Chirodih Bishunpur Gumla 2996.23
13 Kujam Bishunpur Gumla 2673.26
14 Dewragani Bishunpur Gumla 812.04
15 Tendar Ghaghra Gumla 1647.26
16 Dokapat Chainpur Gumla 214.21
17 Baghi Ghaghra Gumla 3333.13
18 Besna Chainpur Gumla 388.10
19 Malam Chainpur Gumla 641.82
20 Kanrasili Ghaghra Gumla 572.05
21 Ratugamhariya Chainpur Gumla 535.58
22 Salami Ghaghra Gumla 628.27
23 Kurumgarh Chainpur Gumla 1953.69
24 Oramar Chainpur Gumla 606.71
25 Bamda Chainpur Gumla 1204.50
26 Jirmi Chainpur Gumla 55.73
27 Kotam Chainpur Gumla 696.78
28 Luru Chainpur Gumla 1016.58
29 Sibil Chainpur Gumla 557.66
30 Saksari Chainpur Gumla 582.75
31 Kutvan Chainpur Gumla 646.03
32 Uru Chainpur Gumla 819.92
33 Marwa Chainpur Gumla 831.69
34 Anjan Gumla Gumla 426.95
35 Keragani Chainpur Gumla 1285.34
96 | Annexure
36 Kuiya Chainpur Gumla 360.25
37 Kochagani Chainpur Gumla 1035.41
38 Dumardih Gumla Gumla 38.17
39 Jilinga Gumla Gumla 109.04
40 Bardih Chainpur Gumla 689.62
41 Ghatgaon Gumla Gumla 1066.57
42 Kukurunja Chainpur Gumla 364.93
43 Kolda Chainpur Gumla 702.79
44 Katasaru Gumla Gumla 672.00
45 Sokrahatu Chainpur Gumla 573.07
46 Parsa Raidih Gumla 1079.47
47 Bansdih Raidih Gumla 545.32
48 Tetardih Raidih Gumla 148.88
49 Simartoli Raidih Gumla 653.86
50 Bokta Raidih Gumla 669.99
51 Telgaon Gumla Gumla 127.33
52 Turidih Raidih Gumla 72.23
53 Sikoi Raidih Gumla 2232.16
54 Silam Raidih Gumla 83.03
55 Kulmunda Raidih Gumla 1258.91
56 Nawagarh Raidih Gumla 599.74
57 Marda Raidih Gumla 648.00
58 Pibo Raidih Gumla 2288.49
59 Loki Raidih Gumla 944.92
60 Jamgain Raidih Gumla 967.12
61 Ladhudera Palkot Gumla 612.49
62 Akhrakona Palkot Gumla 78.22
63 Dahupani Palkot Gumla 1489.58
64 Kutuadih Palkot Gumla 736.25
65 Kandebewra Palkot Gumla 29.43
66 Kharpani Palkot Gumla 97.84
67 Sundridih Palkot Gumla 1417.33
68 Bajra Palkot Gumla 1052.32
69 Rokedega Palkot Gumla 52.88
70 Koinardanr Palkot Gumla 1232.58
97 | Annexure
71 Pithartoli Palkot Gumla 206.57
72 Bilingbira Palkot Gumla 371.54
73 Sijang Palkot Gumla 1627.69
74 Sarubera Palkot Gumla 4715.42
75 Serlonga Simdega Gumla 467.47
76 Japkakona Simdega Gumla 454.76
77 Banaidega Palkot Gumla 976.03
78 Biru Simdega Gumla 1310.42
79 Phulwartangar Simdega Gumla 2800.31
80 Saraipani Kolebira Gumla 62.64
81 Machka Kolebira Gumla 55.27
82 Arani Simdega Gumla 2015.57
83 Kurrung (kudrung) Simdega Gumla 1346.02
84 Bandarchuan Kolebira Gumla 1454.85
85 Jokbahar Simdega Gumla 496.50
86 Selsoya Kolebira Gumla 216.31
87 Bamalkera Thethaitangar Gumla 1922.80
88 Siringbera Thethaitangar Gumla 2435.92
89 Muriya Simdega Gumla 17.48
90 Binjhiyabandh Thethaitangar Gumla 884.76
91 Lomboi Jaldega Gumla 5521.63
92 Tingina Jaldega Gumla 10.81
93 Tikra Jaldega Gumla 3154.79
94 Urte Jaldega Gumla 543.58
95 Semariya Jaldega Gumla 721.59
96 Kambakera Jaldega Gumla 1318.85
97 Lamdega Jaldega Gumla 1207.14
98 Bongera Jaldega Gumla 1209.73
99 Bhanwarchaba Jaldega Gumla 577.98
100 Bendochuan Jaldega Gumla 271.32
101 Junadih Jaldega Gumla 192.13
102 Robga Jaldega Gumla 2308.95
103 Sukhajhariya Jaldega Gumla 877.63
104 Parba Jaldega Gumla 516.85
105 Kauwadarha Jaldega Gumla 733.67
106 Lachhanpur Jaldega Gumla 225.61
107 Dhengurpani Jaldega Gumla 225.67
98 | Annexure
108 Mangaspur Jaldega Gumla 601.50
109 Hutubda Jaldega Gumla 1314.65
110 Dhauraanjan Jaldega Gumla 186.16
111 Ramjari Jaldega Gumla 31.13
112 Kutangia Jaldega Gumla 1015.89
113 Paitano Jaldega Gumla 2130.09
114 Titlingi Jaldega Gumla 19.63
115 Tati Jaldega Gumla 1889.35
116 Toneya Bano Gumla 27.72
117 Jamur soiya Bano Gumla 500.65
118 Turuyu Bano Gumla 1097.05
119 Pangur Bano Gumla 556.12
120 Bintuka Bano Gumla 1561.18
121 Kebetang Bano Gumla 152.47
122 Nawagaon Bano Gumla 387.10
123 Barerpa Bano Gumla 204.16
124 Kudrung Bano Gumla 402.14
125 Sikrom Bano Gumla 162.92
126 Maimsar Bano Gumla 346.12
127 Lamgarh Bano Gumla 852.77
128 Konop Bano Gumla 748.99
129 Sotasoya Bano Gumla 24.56
130 Barkaduil Bano Gumla 697.94
131 Chhotkaduil Bano Gumla 319.06
132 Pohshar Bano Gumla 1328.67
133 Urmu Bano Gumla 437.50
134 Latakel Bano Gumla 124.99
135 Hatnahdah Bano Gumla 627.59
136 Garra Bano Gumla 514.93
137 Khatkhura Rania Khunti 1861.77
138 Belkidura Rania Khunti 1566.22
139 Korankel Goelkera W. Singhbhum 98.06
140 Kirsupkerda Goelkera W. Singhbhum 312.82
141 Beralumin Goelkera W. Singhbhum 338.38
142 Chalgida Rania Khunti 416.66
143 Forest Sonua W. Singhbhum 1474.05
144 Burulmin Goelkera W. Singhbhum 310.11
99 | Annexure
145 Simko Goelkera W. Singhbhum 431.21
146 Circa R. F. Goelkera W. Singhbhum 611.20
147 Pandua Goelkera W. Singhbhum 416.13
148 Forest Sonua W. Singhbhum 845.09
149 Usungin Sonua W. Singhbhum 262.63
150 Salking Sonua W. Singhbhum 315.26
151 Daimar Sonua W. Singhbhum 603.80
152 Burunkel Sonua W. Singhbhum 889.90
153 Tuingbanda Sonua W. Singhbhum 81.80
154 Kanskel Sonua W. Singhbhum 305.08
155 Kichinda Sonua W. Singhbhum 323.61
156 Rajgaon Sonua W. Singhbhum 179.13
157 Gudri Sonua W. Singhbhum 190.75
158 Tirkira Sonua W. Singhbhum 123.59
159 Bera R. F. Sonua W. Singhbhum 6676.87
160 Bera R. F. Goelkera W. Singhbhum 3587.07
161 Gulikera Sonua W. Singhbhum 131.65
162 Hindung Goelkera W. Singhbhum 278.76
163 Shawsol Goelkera W. Singhbhum 268.77
164 Rerda Goelkera W. Singhbhum 285.77
165 Chitir Goelkera W. Singhbhum 263.52
166 Orenga Goelkera W. Singhbhum 382.68
167 Kamsai Goelkera W. Singhbhum 173.42
168 Serengda Goelkera W. Singhbhum 540.19
169 Kebra Goelkera W. Singhbhum 204.08
170 Horo Goelkera W. Singhbhum 85.87
171 Forest Goelkera W. Singhbhum 2456.87
172 Katinkel Goelkera W. Singhbhum 323.34
173 Saruda Goelkera W. Singhbhum 854.48
174 Forest Goelkera W. Singhbhum 786.03
175 Leda R. F. Goelkera W. Singhbhum 5671.03
176 Sauriuli Goelkera W. Singhbhum 699.32
177 Kirsupkerda Goelkera W. Singhbhum 1340.96
178 Simko Goelkera W. Singhbhum 179.89
179 Beralumin Goelkera W. Singhbhum 1185.46
180 Ambia R. F. Goelkera W. Singhbhum 1425.59
181 Beraduya Goelkera W. Singhbhum 355.54
100 | Annexure
182 Baghi Goelkera W. Singhbhum 413.67
183 Amrae Goelkera W. Singhbhum 549.56
184 Mohansae Goelkera W. Singhbhum 396.77
185 Ambia Goelkera W. Singhbhum 34.37
186 Gotaamba Goelkera W. Singhbhum 204.12
187 Patahatu Goelkera W. Singhbhum 12.95
188 Kadamdiha Goelkera W. Singhbhum 328.17
189 Chhotakuira Goelkera W. Singhbhum 197.08
190 Patung Goelkera W. Singhbhum 32.69
191 Forest Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 8055.10
192 Roam Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 38.22
193 Baghi Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 2.90
194 Duia Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 166.12
195 Churgi Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 58.81
196 Lemra Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 359.61
197 Kumbia Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 107.95
198 Jamkundia Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 221.32
199 Anuka R. F. Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 1629.64
200 Jamkundia Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 736.14
201 Rajabera Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 282.04
202 Jojogutu Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 218.83
203 Dubil Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 753.83
204 Chhota nagra Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 1122.98
205 Radua Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 92.54
206 Forest Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 581.38
207 Sonapi Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 223.63
208 Kodolibad R. F. Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 5830.68
209 Diku ponga Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 34.64
210 Usuria Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 543.99
211 Samtha R. F. Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 930.22
212 Kulaiburu Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 365.48
213 Kudripa Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 594.80
214 N/A Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 249.09
Total Area (In Acres) 187733.31
101 | Annexure
1. Name of forest falling within proposed corridor: Sirsi- Palkot- Saranda
Division Thana Forest
S No Distt Name Block Name Village Name Thana Name
Name No Type
1 Saranda W. Singhbhum Saranda Chhotanagra Manohar pur 34 P. Forest
2 Saranda W. Singhbhum Saranda Kashiyapecha Manoharpur 18 Reserved F.
3 Saranda W. Singhbhum Saranda Tholkobad Manoharpur 0 Reserved F.
4 Saranda W. Singhbhum Saranda Dubil Manoharpur 35 Reserved F.
5 Saranda W. Singhbhum Saranda Ghatkui Manoharpur 16 P. Forest
6 Saranda W. Singhbhum Saranda Jamkundia Manoharpur 39 P. Forest
7 Saranda W. Singhbhum Saranda Jojogutu Manoharpur 37 P. Forest
8 Saranda W. Singhbhum Saranda Kulaiburu Manoharpur 24 P. Forest
9 Saranda W. Singhbhum Saranda Lemra Manoharpur 40 P. Forest
10 Saranda W. Singhbhum Saranda P. F. Manoharpur 0 P. Forest
11 Saranda W. Singhbhum Saranda Pagaridih Manoharpur 31 P. Forest
12 Saranda W. Singhbhum Saranda Sonapi Manoharpur 30 P. Forest
13 Saranda W. Singhbhum Saranda Usuria Manoharpur 25 P. Forest
14 Porahat W. Singhbhum Manoharpur Gohera Mohanpur 215 P. Forest
15 Porahat W. Singhbhum Manoharpur Komang Mohanpur 213 P. Forest
16 Porahat W. Singhbhum Manoharpur Pilinghamsada Mohanpur 214 P. Forest
17 Porahat W. Singhbhum Manoharpur Torkodhkocha Mohanpur 216 P. Forest
18 Porahat W. Singhbhum Chakradharpur Burunkel Chakradharpur 236 P. Forest
19 Porahat W. Singhbhum Chakradharpur Daimar Chakradharpur 235 P. Forest
20 Porahat W. Singhbhum Chakradharpur Salking Chakradharpur 234 P. Forest
21 Porahat W. Singhbhum Chakradharpur Usungin Chakradharpur 233 P. Forest
22 Kolhan W. Singhbhum Kolhan Agrowan Kolhan 764 P. Forest
23 Kolhan W. Singhbhum Kolhan Bundu Kolhan 765 P. Forest
24 Kolhan W. Singhbhum Kolhan Deruan Manoharpur 227 P. Forest
25 Kolhan W. Singhbhum Kolhan Gamriya Manoharpur 4 P. Forest
26 Kolhan W. Singhbhum Kolhan Katkera Manoharpur 239 P. Forest
27 Kolhan W. Singhbhum Kolhan Khajuria Manoharpur 3 P. Forest
28 Kolhan W. Singhbhum Kolhan Lebenta Manoharpur 12 P. Forest
29 Kolhan W. Singhbhum Kolhan Panta Manoharpur 229 P. Forest
30 Kolhan W. Singhbhum Kolhan Paral Manoharpur 5 P. Forest
102 | Annexure
31 Kolhan W. Singhbhum Kolhan Patung Manoharpur 294 P. Forest
32 Kolhan W. Singhbhum Kolhan Popkoda Manoharpur 2 P. Forest
33 Kolhan W. Singhbhum Kolhan Raibera Manoharpur 228 P. Forest
34 Kolhan W. Singhbhum Kolhan Rayrona Manoharpur 9 P. Forest
35 Simdega Simdega Simdega Arani Simdega 67 P. Forest
36 Simdega Simdega Simdega Bamalkera Simdega 122 P. Forest
37 Simdega Simdega Simdega Bandarchuan Kolebira 92 P. Forest
38 Simdega Simdega Simdega Barerapa Bano 40 P. Forest
39 Simdega Simdega Simdega Barkaduil Bano 36 P. Forest
40 Simdega Simdega Simdega Bendochuan Kolebira 15 P. Forest
41 Simdega Simdega Simdega Bhanwarchaba Kolebira 38 P. Forest
42 Simdega Simdega Simdega Bintuka Bano 43 P. Forest
43 Simdega Simdega Simdega Biru Simdega 58 P. Forest
44 Simdega Simdega Simdega Bongera Kolebira 16 P. Forest
45 Simdega Simdega Simdega Chhotkaduil Bano 35 P. Forest
46 Simdega Simdega Simdega Dhengurpani Kolebira 43 P. Forest
47 Simdega Simdega Simdega Hatnahadah Bano 30 P. Forest
48 Simdega Simdega Simdega Hutubda Kolebira 56 P. Forest
49 Simdega Simdega Simdega Jamursoiya Bano 18 P. Forest
50 Simdega Simdega Simdega Japkakona Simdega 25 P. Forest
51 Simdega Simdega Simdega Jokbahar Simdega 121 P. Forest
52 Simdega Simdega Simdega Junadih Kolebira 14 P. Forest
53 Simdega Simdega Simdega Kauwadarha Kolebira 45 P. Forest
54 Simdega Simdega Simdega Konap Bano 27 P. Forest
55 Simdega Simdega Simdega Kudrung Bano 41 P. Forest
56 Simdega Simdega Simdega Kumbakera Kolebira 32 P. Forest
57 Simdega Simdega Simdega Kurrung Simdega 69 P. Forest
58 Simdega Simdega Simdega Kutangia Kolebira 50 P. Forest
59 Simdega Simdega Simdega Lachhanpur Kolebira 46 P. Forest
60 Simdega Simdega Simdega Lamdega Kolebira 35 P. Forest
61 Simdega Simdega Simdega Lamgarh Bano 38 P. Forest
62 Simdega Simdega Simdega Lomboi Kolebira 29 P. Forest
63 Simdega Simdega Simdega Machka Kolebira 117 P. Forest
64 Simdega Simdega Simdega Maimsor Bano 39 P. Forest
103 | Annexure
65 Simdega Simdega Simdega Mangaspur Kolebira 47 P. Forest
66 Simdega Simdega Simdega Nawagaoun Bano 44 P. Forest
67 Simdega Simdega Simdega Paitano Kolebira 55 P. Forest
68 Simdega Simdega Simdega Pangur Bano 19 P. Forest
69 Simdega Simdega Simdega Parba Kolebira 12 P. Forest
70 Simdega Simdega Simdega Phulwartangar Simdega 65 P. Forest
71 Simdega Simdega Simdega Pohshar Bano 29 P. Forest
72 Simdega Simdega Simdega Ramjari Kolebira 49 P. Forest
73 Simdega Simdega Simdega Robga Kolebira 39 P. Forest
74 Simdega Simdega Simdega Saraipani Kolebira 119 P. Forest
75 Simdega Simdega Simdega Selsoya Kolebira 91 P. Forest
76 Simdega Simdega Simdega Semariya Kolebira 33 P. Forest
77 Simdega Simdega Simdega Serlonga Simdega 24 P. Forest
78 Simdega Simdega Simdega Sikrom Bano 42 P. Forest
79 Simdega Simdega Simdega Siringbera Simdega 123 P. Forest
80 Simdega Simdega Simdega Sotasoya Bano 25 P. Forest
81 Simdega Simdega Simdega Sukhajhariya Kolebira 44 P. Forest
82 Simdega Simdega Simdega Tati Kolebira 52 P. Forest
83 Simdega Simdega Simdega Tikra Kolebira 31 P. Forest
84 Simdega Simdega Simdega Titlingi Kolebira 57 P. Forest
85 Simdega Simdega Simdega Turuyu Bano 48 P. Forest
86 Simdega Simdega Simdega Urmu Bano 26 P. Forest
87 Simdega Simdega Simdega Urte Kolebira 30 P. Forest
PTR
88 Latehar Mahuadanr Sirsi Mahuadanr 163 P. Forest
Buffer
89 Khunti Khunti Rania Belkidura Torpa 160 P. Forest
104 | Annexure
90 Khunti Khunti Rania Chalgida Torpa 159 P. Forest
91 Khunti Khunti Rania Khatkhura Torpa 161 P. Forest
92 Gumla Gumla N/A Bansdih Raidih 22 Reserved F.
93 Gumla Gumla N/A Bokta Raidih 25 P. Forest
94 Gumla Gumla N/A Ghatgaon N/A 17 P. Forest
95 Gumla Gumla N/A Jamgain Raidih 40 P. Forest
96 Gumla Gumla N/A Keragani Chainpur 138 P. Forest
97 Gumla Gumla N/A Kochagani Chainpur 139 Reserved F.
98 Gumla Gumla N/A Kolda Chainpur 142 P. Forest
99 Gumla Gumla N/A Kotam Chainpur 149 Reserved F.
100 Gumla Gumla N/A Kukurunja Chainpur 141 Reserved F.
101 Gumla Gumla N/A Kulmunda Raidih 34 P. Forest
102 Gumla Gumla N/A Kutuan Chainpur 134 Reserved F.
103 Gumla Gumla N/A Loki Raidih 39 P. Forest
104 Gumla Gumla N/A Marda Raidih 33 P. Forest
105 Gumla Gumla N/A Marwa Chainpur 136 Reserved F.
106 Gumla Gumla N/A Nawagarh Raidih 32 P. Forest
107 Gumla Gumla N/A Pibo Raidih 41 P. Forest
108 Gumla Gumla N/A Saksari Chainpur 133 P. Forest
109 Gumla Gumla N/A Sikoi Raidih 35 P. Forest
110 Gumla Gumla N/A Simartoli Raidih 24 P. Forest
111 Gumla Gumla N/A Sokrahatu Chainpur 143 Reserved F.
112 Gumla Gumla N/A Telgaon N/A 52 Reserved F.
113 Gumla Gumla N/A Tetardih Raidih 23 P. Forest
114 Gumla Gumla N/A Turidih Raidih 26 P. Forest
105 | Annexure
Corridor - 2
Kumandih - Patki -
Lawalong Wildlife Corridor
Extend to -
A. Lawalong- Tutilawa- Hazaribag WLS
B. Lawalong- Gautam Buddha WLS
C. Lawalong- Manatu- Patan- Kaimur (Bihar)
2. Name of Villages falling within proposed Wildlife Corridor: Kumandih
- Patki - Lawalong
S. No. Village Name Taluka Name Dist Name Area (in Acres)
1 Kumandih R. F. Manika Latehar 832.66
2 Lawagara Manika Latehar 187.61
3 Barkadih Balumath Latehar 2261.54
4 Deobar(A) R. F. Manika Latehar 426.62
5 Deobar(A) R. F. Manika Latehar 988.04
6 Deobar Balumath Latehar 1255.05
7 Bendi Latehar Latehar 73.87
8 Patki Latehar Latehar 898.61
9 Dundu Manika Latehar 2557.07
10 Sotam Latehar Latehar 747.66
11 Bichlidag Manika Latehar 24.80
12 Mail Manika Latehar 514.80
13 Salgi Manika Latehar 126.72
14 Madandih Manika Latehar 396.89
15 Marabar Latehar Latehar 2003.03
15 Baridih Balumath Latehar 125.88
16 Jaram Latehar Latehar 95.88
17 Sukri Latehar Latehar 6.82
18 Bishunbandh Latehar Latehar 669.14
19 Jalima Manika Latehar 2.19
20 Rewad khurd Manika Latehar 718.04
20 Matnag Manika Latehar 965.74
21 Rewad kalan Manika Latehar 61.19
22 Hesiklbar Latehar Latehar 621.40
23 Kuchal Manika Latehar 230.34
24 Sikid Balumath Latehar 1191.80
24 Lawagara Balumath Latehar 689.67
25 Sohdag Latehar Latehar 937.04
26 Bhargaon Balumath Latehar 1145.98
27 Kenru Balumath Latehar 795.26
28 Bandua Manika Latehar 896.89
29 Jani Balumath Latehar 236.61
29 Chaea Balumath Latehar 832.75
30 Sardhabar Balumath Latehar 420.18
31 Meral Balumath Latehar 532.28
32 Bidir Manika Latehar 870.30
33 Chuku Balumath Latehar 295.00
34 Baseta Simaria Chatra 36.24
107 | Annexure
35 Ghure Balumath Latehar 610.19
36 Ud Balumath Latehar 384.99
37 Katang Balumath Latehar 1368.96
38 Harhenj Balumath Latehar 1993.55
39 Baghi Balumath Latehar 769.36
40 Kakargarh Panki Palamu 346.35
41 Rimi Simaria Chatra 524.20
42 Mari Balumath Latehar 212.76
43 Pasagam Simaria Chatra 395.92
44 Nosodag Simaria Chatra 426.41
45 Charu Manika Latehar 595.08
46 Rechag Simaria Chatra 522.63
47 Kotari Simaria Chatra 737.31
Total (Area in Acres) 34559.32
108 | Annexure
2. (A) Name of forest falling within proposed wildlife corridor:
Lawalong - Tutilawa - Hazaribag WLS
S. Distt Division Thana Thana Forest
Block Name Village Name
No. Name Name Name No Type
1 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Bargaon Simariya 208 P. Forest
2 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Belgara Simariya 135 P. Forest
3 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Chadram Simariya 157 P. Forest
4 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Bes Simariya 206 P. Forest
5 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Bongagarha Tandwa 10 P. Forest
6 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Chalki Simariya 131 P. Forest
7 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Edla Simariya 164 P. Forest
8 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Goa kalan Simariya 133 P. Forest
9 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Goa khurd Simariya 132 P. Forest
10 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Gothai Simariya 102 P. Forest
11 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Hahe Simariya 193 P. Forest
12 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Hesatu Tandwa 13 P. Forest
13 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Hurnali Simariya 190 P. Forest
14 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Angara Simariya 73 P. Forest
15 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Ichaahar Simariya 89 P. Forest
16 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Ichak Kalan Simariya 134 P. Forest
17 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Aminia Simariya 125 P. Forest
18 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Ichak Khurd Simariya 159 P. Forest
19 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Amgawan Simariya 166 P. Forest
20 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Jarhi Simariya 127 P. Forest
21 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Banji Simariya 200 P. Forest
22 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Banhe Simariya 156 P. Forest
23 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Jiraun Simariya 124 P. Forest
24 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Bana sandi Simariya 155 P. Forest
25 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Jojbari Simariya 90 P. Forest
26 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Jori Simariya 178 P. Forest
27 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Baksi Simariya 118 P. Forest
28 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Kadle Simariya 162 P. Forest
Kalajiram alias
29 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Simariya 115 P. Forest
Lutidih
30 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Kori Simariya 130 P. Forest
31 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Kuthan Simariya 116 P. Forest
109 | Annexure
32 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Latma Simariya 119 P. Forest
33 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Lipda Simariya 154 P. Forest
34 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Losoda Simariya 191 P. Forest
35 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Marha Simariya 189 P. Forest
36 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Masurid Simariya 126 P. Forest
37 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Meral Simariya 203 P. Forest
38 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Meramgara Simariya 183 P. Forest
39 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Daraha Simariya 86 P. Forest
40 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Ori Simariya 101 P. Forest
41 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Piri Simariya 199 P. Forest
42 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Punda Simariya 380 P. Forest
43 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Rol Simariya 161 P. Forest
44 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Ruturwa Simariya 177 P. Forest
45 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Sikri Simariya 163 P. Forest
46 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Siuria Simariya 160 P. Forest
47 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Sos Simariya 202 P. Forest
48 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Tatej Simariya 268 P. Forest
49 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Tibab Simariya 205 P. Forest
50 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Tutilawa Simariya 167 P. Forest
51 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Tutki Simariya 192 P. Forest
52 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Chandadih Simariya 87 P. Forest
53 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Jarea Gomia 2 P. Forest
54 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Barhamoria Bagodar 150 P. Forest
55 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Beram Mandhu 90 P. Forest
56 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Beram Bagodar 149 P. Forest
57 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Bhanreri Bagodar 142 P. Forest
58 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Bhelwara Bagodar 185 P. Forest
59 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Bisai Mandhu 183 P. Forest
60 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Chalkari Khurd Bagodar 137 P. Forest
61 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Chechaki Bagodar 153 P. Forest
62 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Chitramo Bagodar 186 P. Forest
63 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Dharampur Bagodar 154 P. Forest
64 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Ganrabara Bagodar 141 P. Forest
65 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Golgo Bagodar 144 P. Forest
66 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Bhutahi Murgaon Bagodar 200 P. Forest
110 | Annexure
67 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Jaruadih Bagodar 152 P. Forest
68 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Banhe Bagodar 166 P. Forest
69 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Julmi Mandhu 92 P. Forest
70 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Kesodih Bagodar 145 P. Forest
71 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Kharna Bagodar 143 P. Forest
72 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Kolhu Bagodar 147 P. Forest
73 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Mayapur Bagodar 151 P. Forest
74 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Murko Mandhu 182 P. Forest
75 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Nawadih Bagodar 201 P. Forest
76 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Palmo Bagodar 91 P. Forest
77 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Panimako Bagodar 155 P. Forest
78 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Urgi Bagodar 204 P. Forest
79 Hazaribag Hazaribag (E) Hazaribag (E) Siju Bagodar 146 P. Forest
80 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Chatra (S) Lohra Tandwa 14 P. Forest
81 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (E) Amnari Bagodar 102 P. Forest
82 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Barmaka Ichak 103 P. Forest
83 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Chengra Ichak 95 P. Forest
84 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Darha Ichak 91 P. Forest
85 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Dhobari Barkatha 116 P. Forest
86 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Dighibasti Ichak 92 P. Forest
87 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Dumardiha Barkatha 118 P. Forest
88 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Gorhar Barkatha 123 P. Forest
89 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Jawarpaharpur Barkatha 122 P. Forest
90 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Balia Ichak 108 P. Forest
91 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Bakchoma Barkagaon 1 P. Forest
92 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Babhani Ichak 94 P. Forest
93 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Karichatan Barkatha 117 P. Forest
94 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Karma Ichak 97 P. Forest
95 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Karmatand Ichak 85 P. Forest
96 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Khaira Ichak 100 P. Forest
97 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Khario Barkatha 91 P. Forest
98 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Narayanpur Ichak 103 P. Forest
99 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Simradhab Ichak 101 P. Forest
100 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Turukdiha Barkatha 120 P. Forest
101 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Ujrahidighi Ichak 93 P. Forest
102 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Uparalidobi Barkatha 85 P. Forest
111 | Annexure
2. (A) Name of Villages falling within proposed Wildlife Corridor
: Lawalong - Tutilawa- Hazaribag WLS
Area (in
S. No Village Name Taluka Name Dist Name
Acres)
1 Potam Simaria Chatra 1486.62
2 Ori Simaria Chatra 20.39
3 Jojbari Simaria Chatra 226.99
4 Icha ahar Simaria Chatra 1329.82
5 Gothai Simaria Chatra 468.90
6 Chandadih Simaria Chatra 39.84
7 Darha Simaria Chatra 22.54
8 Tatej Simaria Chatra 275.43
9 Kaljirua alias lutidih Simaria Chatra 608.45
10 Kuthan Simaria Chatra 634.86
11 Lamta Simaria Chatra 0.20
12 Baksi Simaria Chatra 453.82
13 Belgara Simaria Chatra 1050.87
14 Jiraun Simaria Chatra 294.06
15 Aminia Simaria Chatra 109.03
16 Masuria Simaria Chatra 355.66
17 Ichak kalan Simaria Chatra 561.66
18 Jarhi Simaria Chatra 1022.84
19 Goa kalan Simaria Chatra 296.22
20 Goa khurd Simaria Chatra 255.76
21 Chalki Simaria Chatra 264.07
22 Banhe Simaria Chatra 2305.25
23 Kori Simaria Chatra 43.62
24 Chandram Simaria Chatra 7.95
25 Lobga Simaria Chatra 252.26
26 Banasandi Simaria Chatra 574.35
27 Lipda Simaria Chatra 624.50
28 Ichak khurd Simaria Chatra 418.98
29 Rol Simaria Chatra 841.60
30 Siuria Simaria Chatra 252.31
31 Edla Simaria Chatra 2105.66
112 | Annexure
32 Sikri Simaria Chatra 10.24
33 Kadle Simaria Chatra 629.63
34 Pundra Simaria Chatra 129.29
35 Tutilawa Simaria Chatra 1945.99
36 Amgawan Simaria Chatra 673.85
37 N/A Tandwa Chatra 81.21
40 N/A Keridari Hazaribag 1202.64
41 Marha Simaria Chatra 794.22
42 Bakchoma Keridari Hazaribag 584.79
43 Hurnali Simaria Chatra 1771.83
44 Losodag Simaria Chatra 55.69
45 Tutki Simaria Chatra 523.55
46 Hahe Simaria Chatra 444.05
47 Piri Simaria Chatra 3394.78
48 Meramgara Simaria Chatra 36.13
49 Banji Simaria Chatra 1637.31
50 Sos Simaria Chatra 1683.05
51 Meral Simaria Chatra 95.90
52 Angara Simaria Chatra 1320.46
53 Tibab Simaria Chatra 1492.26
54 Jori Simaria Chatra 569.46
55 Bargaon Simaria Chatra 999.74
56 Raturwa Simaria Chatra 514.19
57 Pundboru Katkamsandi Hazaribag 194.55
58 Jolhadiha Katkamsandi Hazaribag 21.49
59 Borogara Katkamsandi Hazaribag 0.00
60 Lakhnu Katkamsandi Hazaribag 812.53
61 Hatkauna Katkamsandi Hazaribag 1067.22
62 Harhad Katkamsandi Hazaribag 1061.07
63 Gosi Katkamsandi Hazaribag 241.02
64 Pichri Katkamsandi Hazaribag 70.50
65 Danr Katkamsandi Hazaribag 895.04
66 Nachle Katkamsandi Hazaribag 418.89
67 Sakarja Katkamsandi Hazaribag 199.13
68 Gurudih Katkamsandi Hazaribag 1440.30
113 | Annexure
69 Rahea Ichak Hazaribag 760.01
70 Danto khurd Katkamsandi Hazaribag 184.24
71 Raibar Katkamsandi Hazaribag 491.62
72 Baghi Ichak Hazaribag 1107.12
73 Horeya Katkamsandi Hazaribag 556.53
74 Donai kalan Barhi Hazaribag 96.94
75 Champanagar nawadih Ichak Hazaribag 1122.79
76 Kaile Ichak Hazaribag 1322.53
77 Tilra Ichak Hazaribag 128.11
78 Nathwa Ichak Hazaribag 552.11
79 Jihu Barhi Hazaribag 279.57
80 Pokharia Ichak Hazaribag 1701.77
81 Fuldaha Ichak Hazaribag 10.82
82 Dangi Ichak Hazaribag 653.29
83 Sijhua Ichak Hazaribag 692.47
84 Pandra Ichak Hazaribag 2.16
85 Parasirajghat Ichak Hazaribag 2558.66
86 Lotwa Ichak Hazaribag 318.58
87 Hadari Ichak Hazaribag 30.49
88 Barka kalan Ichak Hazaribag 445.06
89 Bundu Barhi Hazaribag 247.95
90 Turi Ichak Hazaribag 1466.27
91 Darighaghar Ichak Hazaribag 287.57
92 Gardih Ichak Hazaribag 458.29
93 Seal kalan Ichak Hazaribag 1087.36
94 Seal khurd Ichak Hazaribag 154.40
95 Manai Ichak Hazaribag 102.06
96 Kaladawar Ichak Hazaribag 546.91
97 Puranpania Ichak Hazaribag 443.57
98 Simratari Ichak Hazaribag 844.65
99 Phuphundi Ichak Hazaribag 581.52
100 Marpa Ichak Hazaribag 68.16
101 Darha Ichak Hazaribag 178.39
102 N/A Barkatha Hazaribag 15.36
103 Karamtanr Ichak Hazaribag 1595.68
104 Dighibasti Ichak Hazaribag 218.17
105 Babhni Ichak Hazaribag 1163.22
106 Ujrahi dighi Ichak Hazaribag 265.82
114 | Annexure
107 Chengra Ichak Hazaribag 1669.34
108 Karma Ichak Hazaribag 2.62
111 Khaira Ichak Hazaribag 1492.44
113 Bermaka Ichak Hazaribag 76.30
114 Simradhab alias puto Ichak Hazaribag 2171.25
115 Chiruwan Bishun garh Hazaribag 1.90
116 Narainpur Ichak Hazaribag 5.32
117 Amnori Ichak Hazaribag 2.81
122 Panimako Bishun garh Hazaribag 2001.54
124 Dharampur Bishun garh Hazaribag 485.96
125 Marpa Bishun garh Hazaribag 8.37
126 Chechaki Bishun garh Hazaribag 394.90
127 Jaruadih Bishun garh Hazaribag 504.61
128 Mayapur Bishun garh Hazaribag 708.09
129 Ganrarbara Bishun garh Hazaribag 809.84
130 Barhamoria Bishun garh Hazaribag 52.60
131 Beram Bishun garh Hazaribag 1096.71
132 Bhunreri Bishun garh Hazaribag 558.44
133 Kharna Bishun garh Hazaribag 1190.77
134 Ramjiti Bishun garh Hazaribag 64.93
135 Golgo Bishun garh Hazaribag 613.06
136 Kolhu Bishun garh Hazaribag 430.41
137 Siju Bishun garh Hazaribag 25.36
138 Kesodih Bishun garh Hazaribag 222.50
139 Bhelwara Bishun garh Hazaribag 3637.34
140 Churchu Bishun garh Hazaribag 1.94
141 Barhe Bishun garh Hazaribag 338.82
142 Nawadih Bishun garh Hazaribag 41.81
143 Bhulahi murgaon Bishun garh Hazaribag 35.74
115 | Annexure
144 Chitramu Bishun garh Hazaribag 630.38
145 Balia Gumia Bokaro 34.18
146 Palmo Churchu Hazaribag 1296.93
147 Baghi Gumia Bokaro 0.59
148 Julmi Churchu Hazaribag 398.34
149 Beram Churchu Hazaribag 288.84
150 Murko Bishun garh Hazaribag 54.27
151 Bisai Bishun garh Hazaribag 34.67
Total 91680.81
116 | Annexure
2. (B) Name of Villages falling within proposed Wildlife Corridor:
Lawalong- Gautam Buddha WLS
S. Area (in
Village Name Taluka Name Dist Name
No. Acres)
1 Danru Pratappur Chatra 4.56
2 Bandiadih Pratappur Chatra 1111.10
3 Ratnag Pratappur Chatra 203.50
4 Lutu Chatra Chatra 196.73
5 Korhans Pratappur Chatra 601.46
6 Khuter Chatra Chatra 10.62
7 Dokwa Pratappur Chatra 120.41
8 Belgara Pratappur Chatra 2541.21
9 Larkua Chatra Chatra 139.79
10 Jaled Chatra Chatra 795.80
11 Chiloi Pratappur Chatra 126.09
12 Chetma Chatra Chatra 538.36
13 Dudhauri Chatra Chatra 73.98
14 Sanghri Chatra Chatra 2072.08
15 Sikid Chatra Chatra 581.68
16 Darha Chatra Chatra 553.27
17 Sehada Chatra Chatra 133.59
18 Gamhartari Chatra Chatra 1500.40
19 Bario Chatra Chatra 1328.52
20 Postia Hunterganj Chatra 93.82
21 Narainatari Hunterganj Chatra 85.10
22 Dhobey Hunterganj Chatra 121.63
23 Rajguru Hunterganj Chatra 1095.28
24 Kari Chatra Chatra 871.07
25 Kurkheta Hunterganj Chatra 1623.49
26 Pahasbar Hunterganj Chatra 386.32
27 Ambar Hunterganj Chatra 274.82
28 Salot Hunterganj Chatra 87.93
29 Jaldiha Hunterganj Chatra 2345.45
30 Pandarkola Hunterganj Chatra 415.23
31 Kenrimoh Hunterganj Chatra 452.94
117 | Annexure
32 Gue Hunterganj Chatra 1256.93
33 Hemraluta Chatra Chatra 627.98
34 Dumaria Chatra Chatra 10.17
35 Birlutudag Chatra Chatra 1785.19
36 Kotap Chatra Chatra 258.33
37 Sikid Chatra Chatra 348.60
38 Amkudar Chatra Chatra 2382.52
39 Garia Chatra Chatra 1011.14
40 Bengokalan Chatra Chatra 125.33
41 Bengo khurd Chatra Chatra 77.58
42 Kurag Chatra Chatra 1000.68
43 Baghi Chatra Chatra 752.60
44 Lutudag Chatra Chatra 309.89
45 Jaspur Chatra Chatra 766.50
46 Saraia Chatra Chatra 10.65
47 Madarpur Chatra Chatra 268.99
48 Tulbul Chatra Chatra 98.52
49 Bamhana Chatra Chatra 0.99
50 Armedag Chatra Chatra 84.16
51 Murina Chauparan Hazaribagh 2168.98
52 Pathalgara Chauparan Hazaribagh 795.72
53 Baghi Chauparan Hazaribagh 315.32
54 Panchmo Itkhori Chatra 29.00
55 Duragara Chauparan Hazaribagh 1083.35
56 Sikda Chauparan Hazaribagh 48.94
57 Dhoria Chauparan Hazaribagh 1656.71
58 Bigha Chauparan Hazaribagh 82.95
59 Hathindar Chauparan Hazaribagh 231.52
60 Bhadan Chauparan Hazaribagh 955.94
61 Kairi piprahi Chauparan Hazaribagh 404.59
62 Kafar Chauparan Hazaribagh 586.77
63 Jungle barja dass kendua Chauparan Hazaribagh 10.89
64 Jungle charan dass kendua Chauparan Hazaribagh 342.10
65 Amraul Chauparan Hazaribagh 156.63
118 | Annexure
66 Majhaulia Chauparan Hazaribagh 143.48
67 Muratiakalan Chauparan Hazaribagh 147.11
68 Bardaga Chauparan Hazaribagh 591.53
69 Gerughat Chauparan Hazaribagh 69.73
70 Neori Chauparan Hazaribagh 7.04
71 Bhadel Chauparan Hazaribagh 321.95
72 Ahri Chauparan Hazaribagh 1257.65
73 Madhgopali Chauparan Hazaribagh 246.26
74 Bigha Chauparan Hazaribagh 376.49
75 Sanjha Chauparan Hazaribagh 922.43
76 Garmorwa Chauparan Hazaribagh 725.12
77 Mainukhar Chauparan Hazaribagh 260.21
78 Pathalgarwa Chauparan Hazaribagh 781.75
79 Kothodumar Chauparan Hazaribagh 550.58
80 Tajpur Chauparan Hazaribagh 9.87
81 Bukar Chauparan Hazaribagh 1242.81
82 Asnachuan Chauparan Hazaribagh 626.62
83 Khairatanr Chauparan Hazaribagh 450.26
84 Maisa khar Chauparan Hazaribagh 592.95
85 Ghaghrait Chauparan Hazaribagh 455.19
86 Jagodih Chauparan Hazaribagh 1555.70
87 Kalapahar Chauparan Hazaribagh 1089.47
88 Phulwaria Chauparan Hazaribagh 471.67
89 Kanti Chauparan Hazaribagh 246.17
90 Bhitia Chauparan Hazaribagh 1240.78
91 Maramatari Chauparan Hazaribagh 525.03
92 Ghantodabar Chauparan Hazaribagh 38.31
93 Sinduri Chauparan Hazaribagh 198.98
94 Chhatara Chauparan Hazaribagh 1344.20
95 Mahuas Chauparan Hazaribagh 22.64
96 Sardhawatanr Chauparan Hazaribagh 0.38
97 Birinda Chauparan Hazaribagh 93.62
98 Bangadag Chauparan Hazaribagh 1904.98
99 Mahuadohar Chauparan Hazaribagh 7.94
119 | Annexure
100 Khairachorahi chatan Chauparan Hazaribagh 6.11
101 Bendi Chauparan Hazaribagh 444.75
102 Biragada Chauparan Hazaribagh 2458.17
103 Chanako Kodarama Kodarma 335.95
104 Koabar Kodarama Kodarma 1378.01
105 Belatanr Kodarama Kodarma 59.04
106 Meghatari Kodarama Kodarma 59.17
107 Hathwadharan Kodarama Kodarma 136.29
108 Jarga Kodarama Kodarma 1673.11
109 Jharki alias tatgain Kodarama Kodarma 61.21
110 Ambakola Kodarama Kodarma 1.47
111 Dhodharpania Kodarama Kodarma 215.24
112 Karmatari Kodarama Kodarma 205.29
113 Kodarama Kodarama Kodarma 665.54
114 Sitwajunrormin Kodarama Kodarma 11959.74
115 Kusahna Kodarama Kodarma 110.30
116 Renganiatanr Kodarama Kodarma 114.78
117 Samasiharia Kodarama Kodarma 107.12
118 Junglesarkar Kodarama Kodarma 21.76
119 Chilangia alias dharhakela Kodarama Kodarma 442.32
120 Kodarama Kodarama Kodarma 4.55
121 Jamuniatanr Kodarama Kodarma 694.47
122 Pasia Kodarama Kodarma 10.10
123 Chak Kodarama Kodarma 40.63
124 Haraia Kodarama Kodarma 222.06
125 Golgo Kodarama Kodarma 306.57
126 Nalwa Kodarama Kodarma 1203.89
127 Tilaiatanr Kodarama Kodarma 26.80
128 Baghrujot Kodarama Kodarma 1730.08
129 Jorasemar Kodarama Kodarma 215.34
130 Chatra Kodarama Kodarma 347.22
131 Ambatari Kodarama Kodarma 463.30
132 Puto Kodarama Kodarma 118.34
133 Pandaria Kodarama Kodarma 442.37
120 | Annexure
134 Garmundo Kodarama Kodarma 1088.70
135 Ahrai Kodarama Kodarma 173.99
136 Nawadih Kodarama Kodarma 492.99
137 Kabrabut Kodarama Kodarma 781.03
138 Masnodih Kodarama Kodarma 142.99
139 Karmikund Kodarama Kodarma 1617.10
140 Bangakhawar alis bangakhalar Kodarama Kodarma 493.36
141 Dhargaon Markacho Kodarma 351.83
142 Bandarchukwa Markacho Kodarma 10.66
143 Baghi Markacho Kodarma 718.78
144 Udalo Markacho Kodarma 275.83
145 Araia Markacho Kodarma 1068.17
146 Katio Markacho Kodarma 14.14
147 Tepra Markacho Kodarma 170.87
148 Kumbh Markacho Kodarma 40.04
149 Lahabar Markacho Kodarma 415.09
150 Paturnia Markacho Kodarma 270.42
151 Beko Markacho Kodarma 272.23
152 Naudiha Markacho Kodarma 55.18
153 Banumurha Markacho Kodarma 837.53
154 Dagarnawa Markacho Kodarma 530.30
155 Baghi Dhanwar Giridih 263.98
156 Kunda Dhanwar Giridih 332.27
157 Karipahari Gawan Giridih 1.67
158 Jamdar Gawan Giridih 927.50
159 Amjhar Gawan Giridih 158.49
160 Jamua Gawan Giridih 309.72
161 Darho Gawan Giridih 460.52
162 Lerwatanr Tisri Giridih 177.93
163 Kaili pahari Dhanwar Giridih 6.40
164 Hardia Dhanwar Giridih 198.37
165 Chandli alias jamuan Tisri Giridih 806.50
166 Chadgo Tisri Giridih 282.67
167 Upraili kanhai Tisri Giridih 700.93
121 | Annexure
168 Maheshmarwa Dhanwar Giridih 72.44
169 Arwaria Dhanwar Giridih 246.92
170 Hethlikanhai Tisri Giridih 749.67
171 Karopataro Tisri Giridih 161.92
172 Mahkhar Tisri Giridih 401.06
173 Dhansoti Tisri Giridih 748.31
174 Hathiagarh Tisri Giridih 155.29
175 Tilaiya Dhanwar Giridih 153.30
176 Kharkhari Tisri Giridih 826.16
177 Satidih Tisri Giridih 309.50
178 Nawadih Tisri Giridih 111.88
179 Jamamo Tisri Giridih 70.50
180 Dhab Deori Giridih 161.36
181 Laharia Deori Giridih 91.55
182 Kakania Deori Giridih 64.35
183 Palmarua Deori Giridih 1613.18
184 Gadi khurd Deori Giridih 734.35
185 Baraddharan Tisri Giridih 1.95
186 Lashkari Tisri Giridih 140.70
187 Baghmara Tisri Giridih 7.84
188 Amjhar Deori Giridih 738.93
189 Kamati Tisri Giridih 183.48
190 Jeora Deori Giridih 360.35
191 Gadi Tisri Giridih 2.91
192 Saman bank Deori Giridih 106.64
193 Khatauri Deori Giridih 107.46
194 Rahaniatanr Tisri Giridih 318.84
195 Dhilginjo Tisri Giridih 60.06
196 Bhandari Tisri Giridih 311.98
197 Domasar Tisri Giridih 542.26
198 Keriabank Tisri Giridih 398.36
199 Abrakha Tisri Giridih 457.74
200 Baliari Tisri Giridih 2.34
201 Kushanwa Tisri Giridih 178.35
122 | Annexure
202 Duba Tisri Giridih 501.72
203 Ginadiha Tisri Giridih 73.83
204 Pandnatanr Tisri Giridih 48.75
205 Katkoko Tisri Giridih 475.10
206 Madhobank Tisri Giridih 884.10
207 Pandebhitha Tisri Giridih 12.10
208 Sobrajdih Tisri Giridih 405.11
209 Gandkura Tisri Giridih 1443.18
210 Manjhladih Tisri Giridih 267.36
211 Purnadih Tisri Giridih 53.45
212 Lachhmipur Tisri Giridih 50.83
213 Sewadhab Tisri Giridih 394.13
214 Gamgi Tisri Giridih 939.26
215 Lachkan Tisri Giridih 83.25
216 Barwadih Tisri Giridih 8.63
217 Jorasemar Tisri Giridih 900.96
218 Baghi Gawan Giridih 175.33
219 Paharpur Gawan Giridih 244.93
220 Rakasia Gawan Giridih 56.81
221 Singho Tisri Giridih 116.09
222 Harhara Gawan Giridih 271.17
223 Gawan Gawan Giridih 1889.11
224 Kanikend Gawan Giridih 22.10
225 Dhanheta Gawan Giridih 258.36
226 Bardauni Tisri Giridih 1739.59
227 Dhelua Gawan Giridih 2165.89
228 Hardia Gawan Giridih 220.43
229 Garewa Gawan Giridih 96.50
230 Birne Gawan Giridih 1354.27
231 Loriatanr Gawan Giridih 298.39
232 Alagdiha Gawan Giridih 280.13
233 Orporo Gawan Giridih 12.04
234 Gobardaha Gawan Giridih 555.89
235 Dumardiha Gawan Giridih 505.05
123 | Annexure
236 Tilaia Gawan Giridih 701.31
237 Beltharwa Gawan Giridih 537.63
238 Bharkol alias dudhpania Gawan Giridih 949.90
239 Bandarchuan alias machan Gawan Giridih 653.62
240 Kharwahi Gawan Giridih 236.45
241 Daro Satgawan Kodarma 289.71
242 Garhi sankh Gawan Giridih 1508.65
243 Dumarjhara Gawan Giridih 438.96

Total 132492.54
124 | Annexure
2. (B) Name of forest falling within proposed wildlife corridor:
Lawalong - Gautam Buddha WLS
S. Distt Thana Thana Forest
Division Name Block Name Village Name
No. Name Name No Type
1 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Dumaria Chatra 10 P. F.
2 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Armedag Chatra 27 P. F.
3 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Amkudar Chatra 7 P. F.
4 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Ambar Chatra 319 P. F.
5 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Bandiadih Hanterganj 258 P. F.
6 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Bachdag Chatra 155 P. F.
7 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Dumaria Chatra 10 P. F.
8 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Kenduasohar Chatra 2 P. F.
9 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Kari Chatra 153 P. F.
10 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Karamo Hunterganj 315 P. F.
11 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Jaspur Chatra 23 P. F.
12 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Jaldiha Hunter ganj 344 P. F.
13 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Hemraluta Chatra 9 P. F.
14 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Gue Hunterganj 343 P. F.
15 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Garia Chatra 4 P. F.
16 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Gamhartari Chatra 159 P. F.
17 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Dhobey Hanterganj 299 P. F.
18 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Ramkheta Chatra 12 P. F.
19 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Chiloi Hantergang 267 P. F.
20 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Birlutudag Chatra 8 P. F.
21 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) BengoKhurd Chatra 15 P. F.
22 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) BengoKalan Chatra 14 P. F.
23 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Belgara Hunter ganj 266 P. F.
24 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Bario Chatra 154 P. F.
25 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Tulbul Chatra 26 P. F.
26 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Sikid Chatra 6 P. F.
27 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Salot Hunterganj 318 P. F.
28 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Ratnag Hunterganj 260 P. F.
29 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Rajguru Hunterganj 312 P. F.
30 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Postia Hanterganj 297 P. F.
31 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Pandarkola Hunterganj 320 P. F.
125 | Annexure
32 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Pahasbar Hunter ganj 313 P. F.
33 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Narainatari Chatra 298 P. F.
34 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Madarpur Chatra 24 P. F.
35 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Luludag Chatra 16 P. F.
36 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Latua Chatra 150 P. F.
37 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Kurkheta Hunterganj 314 P. F.
38 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Kurag Chatra 3 P. F.
39 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Kotap Chatra 11 P. F.
40 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Korhans Hunter ganj 259 P. F.
41 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Kenrimoh Hunterganj 341 P. F.
42 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Dokwa Hanterganj 265 P. F.
43 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (N) Lutu Hanterganj 200 P. F.
44 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (N) Larkua Chatra 193 P. F.
45 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (N) Khuter Hunter ganj 199 P. F.
46 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Jaled Chatra 170 P. F.
47 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Darha Chatra 157 P. F.
48 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Chetma Chatra 169 P. F.
49 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Sikid Chatra 160 P. F.
50 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Sijua Chatra 229 P. F.
51 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Sehda Chatra 158 P. F.
52 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Sanghri Chatra 171 P. F.
53 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Pater Chatra 197 P. F.
54 Chatra Chatra (S) Chatra (S) Pachmo Itkhori 3 P. F.
55 Giridih Giridih Giridih Majhne Gawan 366 P. F.
56 Giridih Giridih Giridih Amjhar Kharagdiha 10 P. F.
57 Giridih Giridih Giridih Alagdiha Gawan 338 P. F.
Bandarchuan
58 Giridih Giridih Giridih Gawan 356 P. F.
alias Machan
59 Giridih Giridih Giridih Asnatari Gawan 346 P. F.
60 Giridih Giridih Giridih Kakariar Gawan 353 P. F.
61 Giridih Giridih Giridih Katkoko Gawan 145 P. F.
62 Giridih Giridih Giridih Karopataro Gawan 217 P. F.
63 Giridih Giridih Giridih Kariabank Gawan 142 P. F.
64 Giridih Giridih Giridih Beltherwa Gawan 359 P. F.
65 Giridih Giridih Giridih Jinadih Gawan 103 P. F.
66 Giridih Giridih Giridih Jhuknodih Gawan 134 P. F.
126 | Annexure
67 Giridih Giridih Giridih Jamua Gawan 223 P. F.
68 Giridih Giridih Giridih Jamdar Gawan 222 P. F.
69 Giridih Giridih Giridih Hethlikanhai Gawan 218 P. F.
70 Giridih Giridih Giridih Hathiagarh Gawan 214 P. F.
71 Giridih Giridih Giridih Harhara Gawan 163 P. F.
72 Giridih Giridih Giridih Hardia Gawan 342 P. F.
73 Giridih Giridih Giridih Gumgi Gawan 166 P. F.
74 Giridih Giridih Giridih Gobardaha Gawan 335 P. F.
75 Giridih Giridih Giridih Gawan Gawan 164 P. F.
76 Giridih Giridih Giridih Garhisankh Gawan 355 P. F.
77 Giridih Giridih Giridih Gandkura Gawan 168 P. F.
78 Giridih Giridih Giridih Gandkura Gawan 168 P. F.
79 Giridih Giridih Giridih Dumarjhara Gawan 352 P. F.
80 Giridih Giridih Giridih Dumardiha Gawan 334 P. F.
81 Giridih Giridih Giridih Duba Gawan 144 P. F.
82 Giridih Giridih Giridih Domasar Gawan 137 P. F.
83 Giridih Giridih Giridih Dhilginjo Gawan 140 P. F.
84 Giridih Giridih Giridih Dhansoti Gawan 215 P. F.
85 Giridih Giridih Giridih Dhanheta Gawan 182 P. F.
86 Giridih Giridih Giridih Darho Gawan 224 P. F.
87 Giridih Giridih Giridih Cherwa Gawan 161 P. F.
Chandli alias
jamuani
89 Giridih Giridih Giridih Chadgo Gawan 225 P. F.
90 Giridih Giridih Giridih Brine Gawan 329 P. F.
Bharkol alias
Dhudhpania
92 Giridih Giridih Giridih Bhandari Gawan 141 P. F.
93 Giridih Giridih Giridih Kanikend Gawan 183 P. F.
94 Giridih Giridih Giridih Bardauni Gawan 181 P. F.
95 Giridih Giridih Giridih Pandanatanr Gawan 102 P. F.
96 Giridih Giridih Giridih Paharpur Gawan 164 P. F.
97 Giridih Giridih Giridih Nawadih Gawan 207 P. F.
98 Giridih Giridih Giridih Manjhladih Gawan 151 P. F.
99 Giridih Giridih Giridih Loriatanr Gawan 380 P. F.
100 Giridih Giridih Giridih Lerwatanr Gawan 221 P. F.
101 Giridih Giridih Giridih Lashkari Gawan 153 P. F.
127 | Annexure
102 Giridih Giridih Giridih Lachkan Gawan 167 P. F.
103 Giridih Giridih Giridih Kharwahi Gawan 354 P. F.
104 Giridih Giridih Giridih Kharkhari Gawan 210 P. F.
105 Giridih Giridih Giridih Lachmipur Gawan 158 P. F.
106 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Sardhwatanr Chauparan 296 P. F.
107 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Amraul Chauparan 79 P. F.
108 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Ambatari Chauparan 241 P. F.
109 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Bagesrithan Chauparan 132 P. F.
110 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Asnachua Chauparan 19 P. F.
111 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Kanti Chauparan 298 P. F.
112 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Kalapahar Chauparan 229 P. F.
113 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Kairaipiprahi Chauparan 87 P. F.
114 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Kafar Chauparan 86 P. F.
Jungle barja das

115 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Chauparan 85 P. F.
kendua
116 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Jagodih Chauparan 231 P. F.
117 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Hathindar Chauparan 89 P. F.
118 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Ghagrait Chauparan 230 P. F.
119 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Gerughat Chauparan 76 P. F.
120 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Karma Chauparan 75 P. F.
121 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Birinda Chauparan 295 P. F.
122 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Bigha Chauparan 90 P. F.
123 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Bhadel Chauparan 70 P. F.
124 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Bhadan Chauparan 88 P. F.
128 | Annexure
125 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Bigha Chauparan 67 P. F.
126 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Bardaga Chauparan 77 P. F.
127 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Tajpur Chauparan 61 P. F.
128 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Sahora Chauparan 91 P. F.
129 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Phulwaria Chauparan 227 P. F.
130 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Majhaulia Chauparan 78 P. F.
131 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Maisakhar Chauparan 235 P. F.
132 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Mahuas Chauparan 297 P. F.
133 Hazaribag Hazaribag (W) Hazaribag (W) Madhgopali Chauparan 68 P. F.
134 Koderma Koderma Giridih Banumurha Gawan 20 P. F.
135 Koderma Koderma Koderma Chak Koderma 42 P. F.
136 Koderma Koderma Koderma Tilaiyatanr Koderma 33 P. F.
137 Koderma Koderma Koderma Araia Kodarma 24 P. F.
138 Koderma Koderma Koderma Ahrai Domchanch 27 P. F.
139 Koderma Koderma Koderma Banumurha Kodarma 20 P. F.
140 Koderma Koderma Koderma Bangakhalar Kodarma 14 P. F.
141 Koderma Koderma Koderma Bandarchukwa Kodarma 93 P. F.
142 Koderma Koderma Koderma Bagharujot Kodarma 51 P. F.
143 Koderma Koderma Koderma Karmikund Kodarma 25 P. F.
144 Koderma Koderma Koderma Karmatari Kodarma 243 P. F.
145 Koderma Koderma Koderma Kabrabut Kodarma 26 P. F.
146 Koderma Koderma Koderma Jorasemar Kodarma 32 P. F.
Jharki alias Tat-
147 Koderma Koderma Koderma Kodarma 231 P. F.
gaion
148 Koderma Koderma Koderma Jarga Kardarma 240 P. F.
149 Koderma Koderma Koderma Jamuniatanr Kodarma 47 P. F.
150 Koderma Koderma Koderma Hathwadharan Kodarma 239 P. F.

Khairachorahi-
151 Koderma Koderma Koderma Chouparan 252 P. F.
catan
152 Koderma Koderma Koderma Haraia Koderma 44 P. F.
153 Koderma Koderma Koderma Golgo Kodarma 50 P. F.
154 Koderma Koderma Koderma Ghatodabar Choparen 248 P. F.
155 Koderma Koderma Koderma Garmundo Kodarma 54 P. F.
156 Koderma Koderma Koderma Katio Kodarma 95 P. F.
157 Koderma Koderma Koderma Dhodarpania Kodrama 242 P. F.
158 Koderma Koderma Koderma Dhargaon Kodarma 83 P. F.
159 Koderma Koderma Koderma Dagarnawa Kodarma 21 P. F.
Chilangiya alias
160 Koderma Koderma Koderma Koderma 45 P. F.
Dhodhakola
129 | Annexure
161 Koderma Koderma Koderma Chhatara Gajhandi 250 P. F.
162 Koderma Koderma Koderma Chanako Chodarma 235 P. F.
163 Koderma Koderma Koderma Bongadag Chouparan 251 P. F.
164 Koderma Koderma Koderma Biragada Gajhandi 260 P. F.
165 Koderma Koderma Koderma Bhitia Chouparan 228 P. F.
166 Koderma Koderma Koderma Bendi Chouparan 259 P. F.
167 Koderma Koderma Koderma Belatanr Kodarma 238 P. F.
168 Koderma Koderma Koderma Beko Kodarma 22 P. F.
169 Koderma Koderma Koderma Tilaiya Koderma 244 P. F.
170 Koderma Koderma Koderma Sinduri Chouparan 247 P. F.
171 Koderma Koderma Koderma Samsiharia Koderma 46 P. F.
172 Koderma Koderma Koderma Nalwa Koderma 43 P. F.
173 Koderma Koderma Koderma Meghatari Kodarma 237 P. F.
174 Koderma Koderma Koderma Maramotari Chouparan 249 P. F.
175 Koderma Koderma Koderma Mahuadohar Chouparan 294 P. F.
176 Koderma Koderma Koderma Kusahna kodarma 48 P. F.
177 Koderma Koderma Koderma Kumbhiatari Chouparan 258 P. F.
178 Koderma Koderma Koderma Kumbh Kodarma 17 P. F.
179 Koderma Koderma Koderma Kowabar Kodarma 236 P. F.
130 | Annexure
2. (C ) Name of villages falling within proposed corridor:
Lawalong - Manatu - Patan - Kaimur (Bihar)
S. Distt Division Block Thana Area (in
Vill Name Thana Name
No. Name Name Name No Acres)
1 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Baghauta Pratappur 174 101.52
2 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Potomdohor Pratappur 173 407.19
3 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Hisatu Hunterganj 251 1298.32
4 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Baritu Pratappur 171 588.42
5 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Garo Pratappur 162 485.30
6 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Lawalong Hunterganj 253 157.57
7 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Nawadih Hunterganj 252 620.36
8 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Meghrania Pratappur 170 251.93
9 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Khapia Pratappur 169 378.10
10 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Bandohari Hunterganj 103 0.56
11 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Babudih Pratappur 164 233.59
12 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Pinjni Pratappur 163 935.21
13 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Lukuia Pratappur 165 239.78
14 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Madarpur Pratappur 168 89.02
15 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Butkuia Pratappur 161 1710.86
16 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Bhauroodih Pratappur 167 67.08
17 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Sakhukhi Pratappur 159 371.39
18 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Khusihala Pratappur 160 1288.97
19 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Sikidag Pratappur 166 35.63
20 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Tegam Pratappur 124 0.26
21 Palamu Palamu N/A Khajuri N/A N/A 1040.05
22 Palamu Palamu N/A Murumdag N/A N/A 954.93
23 Palamu Palamu N/A Pahari N/A N/A 1.15
24 Palamu Palamu N/A Pakha N/A N/A 652.72
25 Palamu Palamu N/A Rud N/A N/A 480.04
26 Palamu Palamu N/A Dandur N/A N/A 207.63
27 Palamu Palamu N/A Hirsad N/A N/A 508.52
28 Palamu Palamu N/A Kurkuta N/A N/A 674.51
29 Palamu Palamu N/A Belhara N/A N/A 104.14
30 Palamu Palamu N/A Khajuria N/A N/A 28.35
131 | Annexure
31 Palamu Palamu N/A Jaura N/A N/A 49.03
32 Palamu Palamu N/A Khendra Kalan N/A N/A 222.84
33 Palamu Palamu N/A Pipra N/A N/A 444.10
34 Palamu Palamu N/A Debnar N/A N/A 361.76
35 Palamu Palamu N/A Hariya N/A N/A 255.06
36 Palamu Palamu N/A Ratnag N/A N/A 419.80
37 Palamu Palamu N/A Kumbhiklan N/A N/A 782.38
38 Palamu Palamu N/A Lebar N/A N/A 583.15
39 Palamu Palamu N/A Matnag N/A N/A 741.25
40 Palamu Palamu N/A Mahudand N/A N/A 1586.50
41 Palamu Palamu N/A Karma N/A N/A 530.17
42 Palamu Palamu N/A Dali N/A N/A 1990.83
43 Palamu Palamu N/A Hulasikalan N/A N/A 626.00
44 Palamu Palamu N/A Harni N/A N/A 241.46
45 Palamu Palamu N/A Sahi N/A N/A 1463.18
46 Palamu Palamu N/A Hulsikhurad N/A N/A 319.98
47 Palamu Palamu N/A Tali N/A N/A 141.66
48 Palamu Palamu N/A Rajdiriya N/A N/A 595.05
49 Palamu Palamu N/A Kotra N/A N/A 750.05
50 Palamu Palamu N/A Baghamara N/A N/A 864.68
51 Palamu Palamu N/A Jamari N/A N/A 0.51
52 Palamu Palamu N/A Kumbhikhurd N/A N/A 1184.65
53 Palamu Palamu N/A Saliya N/A N/A 144.36
54 Palamu Palamu N/A Chhuchhia N/A N/A 255.89
55 Palamu Palamu N/A Thekhi N/A N/A 618.95
56 Palamu Palamu N/A Barakhanr N/A N/A 911.31
57 Palamu Palamu N/A Guadag N/A N/A 561.11
58 Palamu Palamu N/A Tulbula N/A N/A 26.48
59 Palamu Palamu N/A Pathra N/A N/A 742.69
60 Palamu Palamu N/A Kadalkurmi N/A N/A 2070.02
61 Palamu Palamu N/A Jharha N/A N/A 302.02
62 Palamu Palamu N/A Gorha N/A N/A 923.75
63 Palamu Palamu N/A Sitachuan N/A N/A 445.22
64 Palamu Palamu N/A Hathidaha N/A N/A 69.81
132 | Annexure
Mohasin
65 Palamu Palamu N/A N/A N/A 1511.65
Nagar
66 Palamu Palamu N/A Mahur N/A N/A 1198.25
67 Palamu Palamu N/A Nasojamalpur N/A N/A 389.43
68 Palamu Palamu N/A Salaiatikar N/A N/A 375.74
69 Palamu Palamu N/A Partappur N/A N/A 403.02
70 Palamu Palamu N/A Bhaninsra N/A N/A 241.32
71 Palamu Palamu N/A Kemo N/A N/A 101.09
72 Palamu Palamu N/A Arar N/A N/A 1230.67
73 Palamu Palamu N/A Dalakalan N/A N/A 381.85
74 Palamu Palamu N/A Lohbanda N/A N/A 824.04
75 Palamu Palamu N/A Gourletwa N/A N/A 520.17
76 Palamu Palamu N/A Naia N/A N/A 150.07
77 Palamu Palamu N/A Bharuhi N/A N/A 58.83
78 Palamu Palamu N/A Solanga N/A N/A 32.73
79 Palamu Palamu N/A Maradag N/A N/A 0.09
80 Palamu Palamu N/A Keswahi N/A N/A 492.81
81 Palamu Palamu N/A Birwadohar N/A N/A 0.59
82 Palamu Palamu N/A Banaudha N/A N/A 309.41
83 Palamu Palamu N/A Phatia N/A N/A 438.32
Total 43798.90
N/A- No information available
133 | Annexure
2. (C ) Name of forest falling within proposed corridor:
Lawalong - Manatu - Patan - Kaimur (Bihar)
S. Distt Block Tahana Thana Forest
Division Name Vill Name
No. Name Name Name No Type
1 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Hisatu Huntergunj 251 P. F.
2 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Khapia Partabpur 169 P. F.
3 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Khusihala Partabpur 160 P. F.
4 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Lawalong Hunterganj 253 P. F.
5 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Lukuia Pratabpur 165 P. F.
6 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Madarpur Pratabpur 168 P. F.
7 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Meghrania Pratabpur 170 P. F.
8 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Nawadih Huntarganj 252 P. F.
9 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Pinjni Pratabpur 163 P. F.
10 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Potomdohor Pratabpur 173 P. F.
11 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Sakhukhi Pratabpur 159 P. F.
12 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Sikidag Pratabpur 166 P. F.
13 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Tegam Pratabpur 124 P. F.
14 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Bandohari Hanterganj 103 P. F.
15 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Babudih Partabpur 164 P. F.
16 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Baghauta Partabpur 174 P. F.
17 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Baritu Partabpur 171 P. F.
18 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Bhauroodih Partabpur 167 P. F.
19 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Butkuia Partabpur 161 P. F.
20 Chatra Chatra (N) Chatra (N) Garo Partabpur 162 P. F.
21 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Hulsakhurad N/A N/A N/A
22 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Itko N/A N/A N/A
23 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Kadalkurmi N/A N/A N/A
24 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Kaimo N/A N/A N/A
25 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Karma N/A N/A N/A
26 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Keaswahi N/A N/A N/A
27 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Khajuri N/A N/A N/A
28 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Khajuria N/A N/A N/A
29 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Khendrakalan N/A N/A N/A
30 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Kotra N/A N/A N/A
31 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Kumbhikalan N/A N/A N/A
32 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Kumbhikhurd N/A N/A N/A
134 | Annexure
33 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Birwadohar N/A N/A N/A
34 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Ratnag N/A N/A N/A
35 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Kurkuta N/A N/A N/A
36 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Lebar N/A N/A N/A
37 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Lohbanda N/A N/A N/A
38 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Mahudand N/A N/A N/A
39 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Mahur N/A N/A N/A
40 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Matnag N/A N/A N/A
41 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Mohasin Nagar N/A N/A N/A
42 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Murumdag N/A N/A N/A
43 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Naia N/A N/A N/A
44 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Nasojamalpur N/A N/A N/A
45 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Pakha N/A N/A N/A
46 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Partappur N/A N/A N/A
47 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Pathra N/A N/A N/A
48 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Phtia N/A N/A N/A
49 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Pipra N/A N/A N/A
50 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Rajdiriya N/A N/A N/A
51 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Raud N/A N/A N/A
52 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Sahi N/A N/A N/A
53 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Salaiatikar N/A N/A N/A
54 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Saliya N/A N/A N/A
55 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Sitachuan N/A N/A N/A
56 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Solanga N/A N/A N/A
57 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Tali N/A N/A N/A
58 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Thekhi N/A N/A N/A
59 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Tulbula N/A N/A N/A
60 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Chhuchhhia N/A N/A N/A
61 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Arar N/A N/A N/A
62 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Baghamara N/A N/A N/A
63 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Banaudha N/A N/A N/A
64 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Barakhanr N/A N/A N/A
65 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Belhara N/A N/A N/A
66 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Bharuhi N/A N/A N/A
67 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Bhaninsra N/A N/A N/A
68 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Chhuchhia N/A N/A N/A
69 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Dalakalan N/A N/A N/A
135 | Annexure
70 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Dalkalan N/A N/A N/A
71 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Debnar N/A N/A N/A
72 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Dundur N/A N/A N/A
73 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Gaulawa N/A N/A N/A
74 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Gorha N/A N/A N/A
75 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Guadag N/A N/A N/A
76 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Hariya N/A N/A N/A
77 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Harni N/A N/A N/A
78 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Jamari N/A N/A N/A
79 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Hathidaha N/A N/A N/A
80 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Jharna N/A N/A N/A
81 Palamu Daltonganj (N) N/A Hirsad N/A N/A N/A
Forest attributes are based on information provided by GIS Cell, Forest Dept., Ranchi.

N/A- No information available
136 | Annexure
Corridor- 3
Kutku - Salwahi - Nagar
Utari - Kaimur (U.P.)
3. Name of Villages falling within proposed Wildlife Corridor:
Kutku- Salwahi- Nagar Utari- Kaimur (U. P.)
S.
No.
1 Sangali Bhandaria Garhwa 348.93
2 Barkol P. F. Bhandaria Garhwa 2551.35
3 Nauka Bhandaria Garhwa 717.67
4 Binda Bhandaria Garhwa 220.25
5 Bhandaria Bhandaria Garhwa 169.36
6 Tewali Bhandaria Garhwa 654.32
7 Jonhi khar Bhandaria Garhwa 350.59
8 Lidki Bhandaria Garhwa 7.30
9 Sinjo Bhandaria Garhwa 1376.23
10 Rodo Bhandaria Garhwa 2417.66
11 Man jari Bhandaria Garhwa 2046.68
12 Bijka Bhandaria Garhwa 1950.11
13 Korwadih Bhandaria Garhwa 205.34
14 Path Bhandaria Garhwa 736.68
15 Chapalsi Bhandaria Garhwa 1415.06
16 Harta Bhandaria Garhwa 1288.60
17 Baghi Chainpur Palamu 694.16
18 Serka Chainpur Palamu 743.70
19 Banalat Chainpur Palamu 875.66
20 Nawadih Chainpur Palamu 61.97
21 Chando alias (Mayapur) Chainpur Palamu 161.58
22 Uldanda Chainpur Palamu 1321.12
23 Ulman Chainpur Palamu 940.65
24 Aragara Chainpur Palamu 834.16
25 Musurmu Chainpur Palamu 299.95
26 Chorhat Chainpur Palamu 723.36
27 Uter Chainpur Palamu 27.95
28 Kokaru Chainpur Palamu 1005.92
29 Manke Chainpur Palamu 487.02
30 Chungra bansdih Chainpur Palamu 1737.22
31 Bansdih khurd Chainpur Palamu 255.58
32 Pinrhe Chainpur Palamu 366.33
137 | Annexure
33 Margara Chainpur Palamu 297.73
34 Muru Chainpur Palamu 1866.08
35 Parsakhar alias barwakhar Chainpur Palamu 258.95
36 Mahawat muria sani Chainpur Palamu 18.62
37 Biwabathan Chainpur Palamu 92.66
38 Adar Chainpur Palamu 769.36
39 Mahawat muria Chainpur Palamu 254.55
40 Kui Chainpur Palamu 192.65
41 Datam Chainpur Palamu 1450.55
42 Sokra Chainpur Palamu 293.19
43 Bariman Chainpur Palamu 288.14
44 Ajlatua Chainpur Palamu 195.62
45 Jharha Chainpur Palamu 85.72
46 Kutti Chainpur Palamu 532.00
47 Nawa Chainpur Palamu 1507.07
48 Jhalar Chainpur Palamu 259.01
49 Kurka Chainpur Palamu 24.13
50 Haminpur Chainpur Palamu 97.66
51 Temrain Chainpur Palamu 384.99
52 Ranital Chainpur Palamu 57.22
53 Karma Chainpur Palamu 1474.03
54 Gore Chainpur Palamu 338.04
55 Hisra Chainpur Palamu 493.33
56 Semra Chainpur Palamu 2048.67
57 Khura khurd Chainpur Palamu 44.78
58 Khambhi Chainpur Palamu 369.70
59 Salatua Chainpur Palamu 3807.21
60 Charka Chainpur Palamu 143.14
61 Chauparia Chainpur Palamu 143.79
62 Pachlewa Chainpur Palamu 1340.37
63 Kilhar Chainpur Palamu 776.73
64 Kumni Chainpur Palamu 44.85
65 Khura kalan Chainpur Palamu 1118.35
66 Doki Chainpur Palamu 339.64
67 Chhatwa Chainpur Palamu 2347.64
68 Banutikar Garhwa Garhwa 109.00
138 | Annexure
69 Karso Chainpur Palamu 946.44
70 Tandudih Ranka Garhwa 1200.41
71 Tulbula Garhwa Garhwa 258.88
72 Achhu khap alias tetardih Ranka Garhwa 689.05
73 Bhadua Garhwa Garhwa 34.47
74 Khardiha Ranka Garhwa 724.49
75 Serasam Ranka Garhwa 1768.87
76 Sinjo Ranka Garhwa 853.14
77 Garhauta alias gurgurkhori ali Ranka Garhwa 865.25
78 Tale alias dale Ranka Garhwa 172.59
79 Lukumba alias lukumbar Ranka Garhwa 1307.35
80 Bhaunraha Meral (pipra kalan) Garhwa 150.70
81 Sing singha kalan Ranka Garhwa 1004.05
82 Gaibatwa Meral (pipra kalan) Garhwa 465.27
83 Katri Meral (pipra kalan) Garhwa 0.22
84 Baghesar Meral (pipra kalan) Garhwa 942.29
85 Jamua Meral (pipra kalan) Garhwa 297.72
86 Chapla alias chophlo Ranka Garhwa 618.15
87 Tetka khurd Meral (pipra kalan) Garhwa 1696.66
88 Tetka kalan Meral (pipra kalan) Garhwa 14.54
89 Tanril Ranka Garhwa 911.53
90 Baherwa Meral (pipra kalan) Garhwa 421.36
91 Banajang Meral (pipra kalan) Garhwa 4.10
92 Tori kalan Meral (pipra kalan) Garhwa 182.59
93 Kaprat Meral (pipra kalan) Garhwa 12.07
94 Sikariya Meral (pipra kalan) Garhwa 191.36
95 Lora Meral (pipra kalan) Garhwa 372.20
96 Chakri Meral (pipra kalan) Garhwa 1111.57
97 Sosi Meral (pipra kalan) Garhwa 126.54
98 Tahla Ranka Garhwa 776.86
99 Belri alias chinia Ranka Garhwa 1494.88
100 Chitka alias chirka Ranka Garhwa 1582.52
101 Hetar kalan Ranka Garhwa 3519.73
102 Hetar khurd Ranka Garhwa 309.07
103 Nawadih Meral (pipra kalan) Garhwa 146.30
104 Palhe Ranka Garhwa 320.73
139 | Annexure
105 Siroi kalan Ranka Garhwa 262.85
106 Nawadih Ranka Garhwa 2443.22
107 Puregara Ranka Garhwa 573.33
108 Gangudih Ranka Garhwa 491.19
109 Jun Ranka Garhwa 747.16
110 Salwahi Ranka Garhwa 356.78
111 Pargawal Ranka Garhwa 333.78
112 Nawadih Ranka Garhwa 171.63
113 Parsukhar Ranka Garhwa 1157.77
114 Sikat Ranka Garhwa 87.63
115 Nagari Ranka Garhwa 468.24
116 Baradih Ranka Garhwa 294.78
117 Nagsili Ranka Garhwa 717.60
118 Ratanpura alias rampura Ranka Garhwa 621.02
119 Karma alias khuri Ranka Garhwa 2691.15
120 Masri alias masra Ranka Garhwa 2109.60
121 Chapkali alias chamkali Ranka Garhwa 2994.05
122 Kodwa alias likhudaura Dhurki Garhwa 2328.48
123 Machhpani Dhurki Garhwa 2272.62
124 Barahnoti Dhurki Garhwa 1373.77
125 Murhpur alias pachpheri Dhurki Garhwa 239.78
126 Amba khorea Dhurki Garhwa 697.03
127 Libra alias paras pani kalan Dhurki Garhwa 788.82
128 Baliari alias siuri Dhurki Garhwa 1196.85
129 Khala Dhurki Garhwa 252.53
130 Samo alias suru Dhurki Garhwa 138.16
131 Bhuinphor Dhurki Garhwa 2619.32
132 Dudhi alias paras pani khurd Dhurki Garhwa 228.64
Total (Area
105009.37
in Acres)
140 | Annexure
Name of the forests falling within proposed corridor Sangali-
Salwahi- Nagar Utari- Kaimur (UP)
S. Division Distt. Block Name Village Thana Name Thana Forest
No. Name Name Name No. Type
1. Garhwa (S) Garhwa Bandaria Sangali Bhandaria 185 P.F.
2. Garhwa (N) Garhwa Dhurki Murhpur (Nagar Utari) 165 P.F.
Garhwa
3. Garhwa (N) Garhwa Garhwa Tulbula Garhwa 428 P.F.
4. Garhwa (N) Garhwa Garhwa Banutikar Garhwa 433 P.F.
5. Garhwa (N) Garhwa Garhwa Bhadua Garhwa 427 P.F.
6. Garhwa (N) Garhwa Garhwa Banutikar Garhwa 433 P.F.
7. Garhwa (N) Garhwa Meral (Pipra kalan Lora Garhwa 408 P.F.
8. Garhwa (N) Garhwa Meral (Pipra kalan Gaibatwa Garhwa 422 P.F.
9. Garhwa (N) Garhwa Meral (Pipra kalan Soti Garhwa 406 P.F.
10. Garhwa (N) Garhwa Meral (Pipra kalan Banajang Garhwa 415 P.F.
11. Garhwa (N) Garhwa Meral (Pipra kalan Tetkakalan Garhwa 417 P.F.
12. Garhwa (N) Garhwa Meral (Pipra kalan Chakri Garhwa 407 P.F.
13. Garhwa (N) Garhwa Meral (Pipra kalan Bhanraha Garhwa 425 P.F.
Village and forests data and attributes are based on information provided by GIS Cell, Forest
Dept., Ranchi.
141 | Annexure

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F. NO.

(Dr. H.S. Negi,)

Chief Conservator of Forests & Field Director,

Dated - 21st Dec, 2015

i. Introduction of the area 1

Chapter- 1 Introduction of the area 7- 9

1.1 Name, Location, Constitution & Extent 7

Chapter 2 Background Information and Attributes 10- 31

2.1 Geology, Rock and Soil 10

Chapter 3 Status of Tiger and Co-Predators 32- 48

Chapter 4 History of Past Management and Present Practices 49- 62

4.1 Conservation History 49

Chapter 5 Land use Patterns & Conservation-Management Issues 63- 69

5.1 Land Use Classification 63

PART B: THE PROPOSED MANAGEMENT

Chapter 6 Visions, Goals, Objectives and Problems 71- 75

7.1 Delineation of Critical Wildlife Habitats and

8.1 Research Priorities 88

Chapter 9 Tiger Population and Habitat Assessment 92- 100

9.1 Daily Monitoring and Forecasting 92

Chapter 10 Protection and Intelligence Gathering 101- 107

10.1 The Tiger Cell 101

Chapter 11 Ecotourism and Interpretation 108- 108

Chapter 12 Miscellaneous Issues 109- 110

12.1 Housekeeping of Departmental Elephants 109

Chapter 13 Organization, Administration and Budget 111- 113

13.1 Steering Committee 111

Chapter 14 Monitoring and Evaluation 114- 115

14.1 Criteria 114

PART- A: THE EXISTING SITUATION

Chapter 1: Introduction of the Area 117- 138

1.1 Name, Location, Constitution & Extent 117

Chapter 2: Status of Tiger and Co-Predators 139- 150

2.1 Distribution 139

2.4.1 Man- Animal Conflict

Chapter 5: Land use Patterns and Conservation-Management Issues 172- 175

Chapter 6: Visions, Goals, Objectives and Problems 177- 181

Chapter 7: Management Strategies 182- 192

Chapter- 6: Eco- development and Livelihoods 231- 232

6.1 Constitution of Adjoining Corridor Area Management Committee 231

Chapter- 7: Tiger Population and Habitat Assessment 233- 233

7.1 Day to Day Monitoring Protocol 233

Chapter- 8: Organization, Administration and Budget 234 - 236

8.1 Coordination Committee for Effective Implementation and

Annexure- I Notification and constitution of Core Area 1- 4

Map- 1: Map of Core Area or CTH 5

Photo- 1: Forest cover in Core Area 22

Section: 38V Tiger Conservation Plan:

a) The area details of the Tiger Conservation Plan are as follows:

Map- 2: Location map of Core Area

PART - A : THE EXISTING

INTRODUCTION OF THE AREA

1.1.4 Extent (Area statement and legal status)

1.2 Approach & Access

1.3 Statement of Significance

2.1.1 Geology and Rock

Map- 5: - Geomorphological map of Palamau Tiger Reserve

2.2.1 River and streams: