Infection Control and Management of

Hazardous Materials for the Dental

Team 5th Edition Miller Test Bank
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Chapter 10: Hand Hygiene
Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The category of bacteria on the hands that contains the normal skin bacteria rather than the
pathogens is called:
A. transient.
B. resident.
C. resistant.
D. a colony.
ANS: B

Feedback
A Transient skin flora consists of microorganisms that contaminate the hands
during the touching of, or exposure to, contaminated surfaces. They serve as a
source of disease spread.
B Resident skin flora consists of microorganisms that colonize the skin and
become permanent residents. They are less important than the transient flora in
disease spread.
C This is not a category of skin bacteria.
D This is not a category of skin bacteria.

REF: Protective Value of Hand Hygiene, page 100 OBJ: 5

2. Which of the following best describes the transient skin flora on the hands?
A. Microbes that live on the skin all the time
B. Microbes that are never completely killed or removed by handwashing
C. Microbes that are usually involved in the spread of disease from the hands
D. Microbes that are nonpathogenic
ANS: C

Feedback
A This describes the resident flora.
B This describes the resident flora.
C Transient skin flora consists of microorganisms that contaminate hands during
the touching of, or exposure to, contaminated surfaces.
D Transient flora can contain pathogens.

REF: Protective Value of Hand Hygiene, page 100 OBJ: 5

3. Which of the following best describes the resident skin flora on the hands?
A. Microbes that live on the skin all the time
B. Microbes that are usually killed or removed by handwashing
C. Microbes that are usually involved in the spread of disease from the hands
D. Microbes that are highly pathogenic
ANS: A
 Feedback
A This describes the resident flora, which consists of microorganisms that colonize
the skin and become permanent residents.
B This describes the transient flora.
C This describes the transient flora.
D This describes the transient flora.

REF: Protective Value of Hand Hygiene, page 100 OBJ: 5

4. When rinsing your hands after washing, your hands should be:
A. kept down, with the water dripping off the fingers.
B. kept level so the water will not drip.
C. kept up with the water dripping off the elbow.
D. placed in water as hot as you can stand.
ANS: C

Feedback
A This may recontaminate the hands with any microbes from the forearms.
B Eventually the hands will be lowered, which may recontaminate the hands with
microbes from the forearms.
C Hands should be kept up with water dripping off the elbows so that water from
the unwashed forearms will not recontaminate the hands.
D This should not be done, because it may help bacteria penetrate into the layers of
the skin.

REF: Hand Hygiene, Procedure 10-1, page 102 OBJ: 3

5. What is the antimicrobial agent in hand rubs used without rinsing?

A. Sodium hypochlorite
B. Hydrogen peroxide
C. Alcohol
D. Glutaraldehyde
ANS: C

Feedback
A This is an active ingredient in bleach and some intermediate-level disinfectants.
B This is never placed in hand rubs because it is too toxic.
C Alcohol is a common antimicrobial agent found in hand-rub products.
D This is never placed in hand rubs because it is too toxic and is an example of a
liquid chemical sterilant/high-level disinfectant.

REF: Hand Hygiene Agents, page 100 OBJ: 4

6. When should hand rubs be used?

A. To kill microbes when no visible soil is present
B. To kill microbes when visible soil is present
C. In the presence or absence of visible soil
D. Anytime
 ANS: A

Feedback
A When the hands contain no visible soil, hand rubs can be used without water and
without rinsing.
B The presence of heavy soil can inactivate the alcohol in hand rubs; therefore,
hand rubs should be used only when there is no visible soil present.
C The presence of heavy soil can inactivate the alcohol in hand rubs; therefore,
hand rubs should be used only when there is no visible soil present.
D The presence of heavy soil can inactivate the alcohol in hand rubs; therefore,
hand rubs should be used only when there is no visible soil present.

REF: Hand Hygiene Agents, page 100 OBJ: 1

7. Why is it important to wash the hands before gloving?

A. The residual moisture from hand washing makes the gloves easier to put on.
B. The small amount of soap left on the hands after hand washing prevents any
allergic reaction to the gloves.
C. Dirty hands increase the chance that the gloves will tear during use.
D. This reduces the number of microbes on the skin so there will be fewer to multiply
beneath the gloves and irritate the skin.
ANS: D

Feedback
A This can actually make the gloves more difficult to put on.
B This will not prevent allergic reactions. The allergens are in the gloves and glove
powder, not on the skin.
C This will not make the gloves more susceptible to tearing.
D Microbes can multiply 4000-fold per hour beneath gloves.

REF: Hand Hygiene Procedures, page 103 OBJ: 1

8. When alcohol-based hand rubs are used throughout the day, which of the following should be
done?
A. Periodically wash the gloves to remove the residual alcohol.
B. Perform a surgical scrub using antimicrobial soap at the end of the day because
alcohol-based hand rubs are not very effective.
C. Wash and rinse the hands after every four to five hand rubs to remove the buildup
of glove powder, sweat, and glove chemicals from the hands.
D. For every other hand rub, put the gloves on first and then use the alcohol-based
hand rub.
ANS: C

Feedback
A Patient care gloves are never to be washed.
B Alcohol-based hand rubs are just as effective, or more effective, than hand
washing in killing microbes on the hands.
C Materials left on the hands can cause irritations or enhance allergic reactions.
 D This may adversely affect the integrity of the gloves or make them more
susceptible to tearing.

REF: Hand Hygiene Procedures, page 103 OBJ: 1

9. Which hand hygiene agent has the greatest antimicrobial activity?

A. Alcohol
B. Triclosan
C. Quaternary ammonium compounds
D. Iodophors
ANS: A

Feedback
A Alcohol has the highest activity against gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive
bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses.
B Triclosan has lower activity against gram-negative bacteria and no activity
against fungi and viruses.
C Quaternary ammonium compounds have lower activity against gram-positive
bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and viruses and no activity against fungi and
mycobacteria.
D Iodophors have lower activity against mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses.

REF: Antimicrobial Spectrum of Some Hand Hygiene Agents, Table 10-1, page 101
OBJ: 4

10. Which of the following is the correct hand hygiene procedure for using an alcohol hand rub
before surgery?
A. Use alcohol hand rub; rinse; dry.
B. Wash with a non-antibacterial soap; rinse; dry; use alcohol hand rub.
C. Use alcohol hand rub; wash with non-antibacterial soap; rinse; dry.
D. Wash with non-antibacterial soap; use alcohol hand rub; dry.
ANS: B

Feedback
A Must remove soil from hands before using an alcohol hand rub because the soil
can interfere with the alcohol activity.
B This is the correct procedure.
C Need to wash hands before using an alcohol hand rub because the soil can
interfere with the alcohol activity.
D Need to rinse after the hand washing and before using an alcohol hand rub
because the residual dirty water on the hands interfere with the alcohol activity.

REF: Hand Hygiene, Procedure 10-1, page 103 OBJ: 3

11. Which of the following is too toxic to use as an antimicrobial hand washing agent?
A. Triclosan
B. Chlorhexidine
C. Iodophor
D. Glutaraldehyde
 ANS: D

Feedback
A Triclosan is in many types of antimicrobial hygiene agents.
B Chlorhexidine is in several types of surgical and routine hand washing
preparations.
C Iodophor is in several types of surgical and routine hand washing preparations.
D Glutaraldehyde is the active ingredient in high-level disinfectants/sterilants and
is too toxic for used on the skin.

REF: Antimicrobial Spectrum of Some Hand Hygiene Agents, Table 10-1, page 101
OBJ: 4

12. Which of the following is appropriate for hand hygiene and gloving?
A. One should keep nails short to allow for thorough cleaning and to prevent glove
tears.
B. Wearing artificial nails are fine as long as they are kept short.
C. Arm jewelry is fine during surgical procedures as long as it is simple in design and
the arms are thoroughly washed.
D. Finger rings are fine during surgical procedures as long as the rings do not tear
gloves.
ANS: A

Feedback
A This allows for thorough cleaning and to prevent glove tears.
B One should not wear artificial nails because they can harbor microbes.
C One should not wear hand or arm jewelry during surgical procedures.
D One should not wear hand or arm jewelry during surgical procedures.

REF: Other Hand Hygiene Considerations, page 103 OBJ: 3

13. Which of the following procedures provides the least cross-contamination during hand
washing?
A. Using electric eye soap dispensers
B. Using bar soaps
C. Using squeeze bottle soap dispensers
D. Using pump soap dispensers
ANS: A

Feedback
A This is a hands-free procedure and prevents cross-contamination.
B This promotes cross-contamination because more than one person touches the
bar.
C This promotes cross-contamination because more than one person touches the
bottle.
D This promotes cross-contamination because more than one person touches the
pump.
 REF: Hand Hygiene Procedures, page 101 OBJ: 4

14. Which type of hand lotion will not have detrimental effects on latex gloves?
A. Glycerin
B. Lanolin
C. Palm oil
D. Petrolatum
ANS: A

Feedback
A Glycerin hand lotion will not harm gloves.
B This may harm latex gloves.
C This may harm latex gloves.
D This may harm latex gloves.

REF: Other Hand Hygiene Considerations, page 103 OBJ: 4

15. Which property of hand hygiene agents is least important to consider before making a
selection to purchase?
A. Antimicrobial action
B. Method of dispensing
C. Persistence of activity
D. Size of the container
ANS: D

Feedback
A This is an important property.
B This is an important property.
C This is an important property.
D This is the least important because it does not affect the activity or use of the
agent.

REF: Properties of Hand Hygiene Agents, Box 10-2, page 105 OBJ: 4

TRUE/FALSE

1. A surgical hand scrub will sterilize the hands.

ANS: F
Surgical scrubbing will remove/kill the transient flora but not all of the resident flora; that’s
why surgeons still have to wear gloves after a surgical scrubbing.

REF: Hand Hygiene Agents, page 100 OBJ: 2

2. Hands should be washed before gloving and after removing gloves.

ANS: T
 Wash before gloving to reduce the number of skin microbes so there will be fewer to multiply
beneath the gloves and irritate the skin. Wash after removing gloves to remove microbes,
sweat, and glove material and any patient materials that might have leaked through unnoticed
defects in the gloves.

REF: Hand Hygiene, Procedure 10-1, page 102-103 OBJ: 1

3. Hand washing for routine (nonsurgical) procedures can be performed with antimicrobial or
non-antimicrobial soap.

ANS: T
In hand washing for routine dental procedures, the physical removal of microbes through
vigorous lathering is more important than the nature of the soap being used.

REF: Hand Hygiene Procedures, page 101 OBJ: 4