Findings from PTCC Mannual 2010

1. Page 14 6.5- LF Induction

Limit of maximum Permissible low frequency induction to 650 Volt in the case of HT linse(Above
66 KV)

Total duration of an earth fault shall be within 0.2 sec shall in no cases Exceed 0.5 sec

2 Page 45 Protection of Telecommunication Circuits in Cases of Voltages Exceeding the

Prescribed Limits

In cases where the induced voltage on the telecom circuits, as determined from Plates 3(a) to 3(i)
exceeds the prescribed safe limit of 430 volts - One of the measures commonly adopted for
protection is the use of three electrode Gas Discharge (GD) tubes. Two electrodes of the tube are
connected to the wires of a telephone pair and the third electrode to the earth, through the
earth cap.

The gap breaks-down and the telecom line is virtually earthed, when induced voltage excess the
pre-determined value (250V). Through the discharge path, the earth connection to the tube
should be of very low resistance so that the voltage across the tube is restricted to safer

values.

3. Page- 41 To Determine Minimum Safe Separation Necessary Between Power and

Telecommunication Lines to Keep the Low Frequency Induction within the Prescribed Limit
of 430 Volts
Voltage class of the power line = 33 kV
Size of conductor =0.06 sq.in.cu.eq. ACSR
Step-down transformer capacity = 2x4 = 8 MVA
Distance of Point ‘C (end of parallelism) from
main step-down ‘A’ = 58.9 kms
Referring to Plate 2(a), corresponding to the above conditions on the power
circuit,
Fault current causing induction = 230 Amps
Length of Parallelism = 40 Kms
Product of fault current and length Of parallelism = 230 x 40
= 9200 Amp Kms
Referring to Plate 1 (a), the minimum safe separation, corresponding to soil
resistivity of 10,000 ohm/cm³ for Amp Km of 9200, Sm = 720 meters

4. Page 64 Crossing With Extra High Voltage Lines

The minimum clearances between the power wires and telecommunication wires
shall be:
For lines of voltage above 36 kV
up to and including 72.5 kV: 2440 mm (8′0″)
For lines of voltage above 72.5 kV
up to and including 145 kV: 2740 mm (9′0″)
For lines of voltage above 145 kV
up to and including 245 kV: 3050 mm (10′0″)
For lines of voltage above 245 kV: 3050 mm (10 feet)
 Plus 305 mm
(1 foot) for every additional
33 kV or part thereof

5. Page 68 Low Frequency Induction Test

The induced voltage on a telecommunication line during an earth fault on the power
line is given by the expression:
V=MxI
Where V is induced voltage in Volts,
I is Earth Fault Current in Amps and
M is Mutual Coupling in Ohms between Power line and telecom line

Detailed procedure

Detailed Procedure
1 One end of the power line with one or more phases bunched is to be connected to
the earth and the other end may be connected in series with an ammeter to a
suitable transformer for injecting the current.
2 Each wire of the telecom line should be isolated and one end may be connected to
the earth. The other end is the testing end, where each limb may be connected
through a suitable rotary switch to the voltmeter and earthed.
3 To overcome the effect of stray voltages due to other power lines in the vicinity,
Central PTCC has recommended successive in feed from 3 phase line in its meeting
held on 24.2.1982. It will enable more number of readings to be taken. Current may,
therefore, be injected in the power line successively from three different phases RY,
YB and BR and the corresponding induced voltages in each limb of the telecom lines
may be measured by means of rotary switch and voltmeter. It is preferable to have
10 to 12 reading in between the minimum and maximum current which it may be
possible to inject. No test will be valid if the number of readings taken is less than 8
(including ‘Zero’ current reading). The amount of current injected in the power line
should be sufficient to overcome the static voltages already existing on the telecom
line due to the presence of any other power lines in the vicinity. Feeding current
should be 0 to 30A but in no case it is less than 8A over and above the minimum
current required to overcome the stray voltages. If necessary, the length of power
line under test may be suitably restricted to the extent of length of parallelism for this
purpose. If the static voltages on paralleling telecom line continue to be high and
there happens to be limitation as regards the current being fed on power line,
shutting down of the other effecting power lines in the vicinity may be considered.
4 Induced voltage should generally increase with the increase in injecting current. In
case where the induced voltage decreases with the increase in the injecting current,
which may be due to the effect of other sources in the vicinity, it is suggested that the
observation in such cases should be repeated.
5. Interpretation of Test Results
6. The respective current and corresponding induced voltage readings on each limb of
telecom line for each phase are noted and tabulated. Average of induced voltage
readings of both limbs is calculated for each telecom line. Actual Induced Voltage is
arrived at as follows:
 Actual Induced Voltage
Where V0 is induced voltage measured without injecting any current in power
line.
V1,V2 & V3 are induced voltages measured with current injected successively in
power line from RY,YB and BR phases.
Alternatively the direction of current flow may be reversed (Reversal of Current Flow
method) to overcome the stray voltages in which case the Actual Induced Voltage is
given by:
Actual Induced Voltage
Where V0 is induced voltage measured without injecting any current in power line
V1 is the induced voltage measured with current injected successively
in one direction and
V2 the induced voltage measured with injected current reversed by
180 degree.

6. Page - 80 Code of Practice for Protection from Earth Potential Rise

When an earth fault occurs in a power system, some of the fault current returns via
the earth, through the earthing system (e.g., earthing of towers and power sub-
stations etc). This current raises the potential of the earthen system with respect to a
remote earth for the duration of the fault. This is known as ‘Earth Potential Rise’.
During such a fault, due to the transfer of potential between the EPR areas and
outside points, by conductors of telecom circuits and other metallic structures etc,
serious hazard may result to telecom installations, telecom personnel and
customers.

1) Locations Prone to EPR

The following are the locations where Earth Potential Rise may occur:
(i). Areas near power sub-stations earthing system.
(ii). Areas near pole mounted sub-station (transformer) on low voltage
system.
(iii). Areas near power line towers having earth electrodes.